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151 results on '"Özdamar, Özgür"'

3. Populist hyperpersonalization and politicization of foreign policy institutions.

Author

Özdamar, Özgür and Yanik, Lerna K

Subjects
*RIGHT-wing populism, *INTERNATIONAL relations, *POLICY analysis, *SOVEREIGNTY
Abstract

This article explains how right-wing populist leaders in Hungary, Poland, Russia and Turkey have transformed their states' foreign policy institutions through personalization and politicization. We examine the transformation of foreign policy institutions in the four cases and make two contributions. First, we differentiate between disparate types of personalization by proposing the term 'hyperpersonalization'—populist leaders' reliance on security institutions in foreign policy decision-making—which distinguishes the populist transformation of foreign policy institutions in Russia and Turkey. We argue that lower levels and speed of autocratization lead to politicization combined with milder cases of personalization of the foreign policy bureaucracy, while higher levels and speed of autocratization lead to higher levels of personalization in the foreign policy institutions. Second, we lay out the steps and patterns of populist politicization and hyperpersonalization that bring 'deinstitutionalizing restructuring' to foreign policy institutions. As we illustrate, this deinstitutionalizing restructuring involves concurrent bureaucratic expansion and bureaucratic retrenchment. The process is accompanied by a populist narrative that this restructuring is done to realize the 'popular will' or to regain 'full sovereignty'. We conclude the article with the policy implications of this populist transformation of foreign policy institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Role Theory in Practice: US–Turkey Relations in Their Worst Decade.

Author

Özdamar, Özgür

Subjects
*ROLE theory, *SYRIAN Civil War, 2011-, *ARAB Spring Uprisings, 2010-2012, *INTERNATIONAL relations, *POLICY analysis
Abstract

Academic and policy debates on alliances are yet to incorporate insights from foreign policy analysis (FPA) literature. Generally, bilateral relations between allies are either analyzed with insights from traditional IR theories (such as realism) or with policy-oriented work that does not engage any scholarly literature (focusing on only the day-to-day issues of international politics). I argue that FPA theories that make linkages between scholarly work and policy-oriented questions in an evidence-based and analytical fashion are capable of accounting for the most significant policy questions of modern international politics. This article analyzes US–Turkey relations in, arguably, their worst decade, with a role theoretic outlook. I claim that despite being close political and military allies since the 1940s, US–Turkey bilateral relations are witnessing their worst decade since the Arab uprisings in the MENA, due mostly to ideational factors that shape foreign policy. The conflictual relations originate from a change in US and Turkish foreign policy-makers' role conceptualizations vis-à-vis their countries' roles in the MENA region after the Arab uprisings and the role conflict this has caused with one another. Misaligned interests during the Arab uprisings, especially after 2014 in the Syrian civil war, have exacerbated the bilateral ties further. Drawing insights from elite interviews conducted in Turkey (2014–2016), Washington DC, and Ankara (2018–2020), I explain the sources of conflict in US–Turkey relations with a role theory perspective and offer policy prescriptions in conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Forum: coding in tongues: developing non-english coding schemes for leadership profiling

Author

Brummer, K., Young, M. D ., Özdamar, Özgür, Canbolat, S., Thiers, C., Rabini, C., Dimmroth, K., Hansel, M., Mehvar, A., and Özdamar, Özgür

Subjects
Foreign policy analysis, Automated coding, Operational code analysis, Leadership trait analysis, Leadership profiling
Abstract

Over the last twenty years since the introduction of automated coding schemes, research in foreign policy analysis (FPA) has made great advances. However, this automatization process is based on the analysis of verbal statements of leaders to create leadership profiles and has remained largely confined in terms of language. That is, the coding schemes can only parse English-language texts. This reduces both the quality and quantity of available data and limits the application of these leadership profiling techniques beyond the Anglosphere. Against this background, this forum offers five reports on the development of freely available coding schemes for either operational code analysis or leadership trait analysis for languages other than English (i.e., Turkish, Arabic, Spanish, German, and Persian).

Published
2020

23. Leadership Analysis at a 'Great Distance': Using the Operational Code Construct to Analyse Islamist Leaders

Author

Özdamar, Özgür and Özdamar, Özgür

Abstract

Operational code analysis was originally designed to analyse the Soviet Politburo members' political strategies and was codified by George and Walker, Schafer and Young. The approach has mostly been used to analyse individual world leaders, rather than specific political groups. In this article, I use the operational code construct to analyse political Islamists' belief systems. I discuss issues regarding using the operational code construct in a non-Western political and cultural setting. The first difficulty of using the operational code analysis to analyse political Islamists' strategies is the diversity of the movement, which led to a certain level of analysis problem. Second, whether to use computerised analysis or traditional hand coding was an important decision. Third, some procedures of the operational code research agenda, such as coding only transitive verbs, at times seemed to be in conflict with Turkish and Arabic sentence structures and verbs. Lastly, since the "Western" foreign policy analysis (FPA) theories are not frequently applied in the "global south" cases, I did not have a large body of literature to use while conducting my research. This article discusses the "boundedness" of the operational code analysis in analysis of non-Western individual leaders and political movements by discussion of these issues and others.

Published
2021

25. Contributions of game theory to international relations literature

Author

Özdamar, Özgür and Özdamar, Özgür

Abstract

This article is an introduction to the applications of game theory in international studies and makes an evaluation of what is added by using it. I illustrate the benefits of incorporating the instrumental rationality assumption and formal methods to international studies via giving examples from the literature. I argue that despite its relative infancy in the field, use of game theory have greatly contributed to our understanding and explanations of international relations. First, the assumptions of the theory are discussed. Second, some commonly used games from the literature are presented. A short literature review is followed by a discussion of what is added by using game theory in international relations studies. Finally, criticisms, limitations and future of game theory are discussed.

Published
2021

31. Turkey and Cyprus: A Poliheuristic Analysis of Decisions during the Crises of 1964, 1967, and 1974.

Author

Özdamar, Özgür and Ercİyas, Okhan

Subjects
*DECISION making, *INTERNATIONAL relations theory, *EXPECTED utility, *CRISES, *POLICY analysis
Abstract

The Cyprus problem is one of the most protracted and complex conflicts in the world. This article uses poliheuristic (PH) theory to analyze Turkey's decision-making during the Cyprus crises of 1964, 1967, and 1974. We utilize the PH model (Mintz 1993 , 2004) and its method to systematically examine the decision-making process and outcomes during the three crises. We present primary evidence from governmental archives and secondary from media sources. The two hypotheses derived from the PH literature are supported by evidence. Results confirm Turkish decision-makers employed two-stage decision-making during each crisis. In the first stage, Turkish leaders followed the noncompensatory rule and eliminated options that could incur losses. In the second stage, their calculations were more in line with expected utility maximization. Implications of the case study in terms of PH model, foreign policy analysis, and international relations theory are discussed in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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32. European populist radical right leaders' foreign policy beliefs: An operational code analysis.

Author

Özdamar, Özgür and Ceydilek, Erdem

Subjects
*NEW right (Politics), *OPERATIONS research, *INTERNATIONAL relations, *BELIEF & doubt
Abstract

Despite the significance of the subject, studies on the foreign policy preferences of European populist radical right leaders are scarce except for a handful of examples. Are European populist radical right leaders more hostile than other world leaders or comparatively friendly? Do they use cooperative or conflictual strategies to achieve their political goals? What are the leadership types associated with their strategic orientations in international relations? Using the operational code construct in this empirical study, we answer these questions and depict the foreign policy belief systems of seven European populist radical right leaders. We test whether they share a common pattern in their foreign policy beliefs and whether their foreign policy belief systems are significantly different from the norming group of average world leaders. The results indicate that European populist radical right leaders lack a common pattern in terms of their foreign policy belief systems. While the average scores of the analysed European populist radical right leaders suggest that they are more conflictual in their world views, results also show that they employ instrumental approaches relatively similar to the average group of world leaders. This article illuminates the microfoundations of strategic behaviour in international relations and arrives at conclusions about the role of European populist radical right leaders in mainstream International Relations discussions, such as idealism versus realism. In this sense, the cognitivist research school complements and advances structural accounts of international relations by analysing leadership in world affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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34. Turkish-Iranian relations after the framework agreement

Author

Özdamar, Özgür and Özdamar, Özgür

Subjects
The Middle East and North Africa, Security policy, Diplomacy
Abstract

Turkey has been closely observing the Iranian nuclear program and its bilateral, regional and global implications since 2002. As one of the most important neighboring countries, Iran’s defense policy has always been an issue of great significance for Turkish policy makers. In the last one and a half decades, Turkey has been both directly and indirectly in pursuit of shaping the outcome of Iran’s nuclear program and the negotiations between Iran and the world’s major powers. For example, in 2010, Turkey and Brazil catered a nuclear fuel swap agreement designed to help Iran build a peaceful nuclear program and at the same time prevent weaponization of its nuclear capabilities. Although this initiative was considered to be highly promising in terms of what it could have provided to Iran and the rest of the world, the UN Security Council Permanent Members and Germany (P5+1) did not welcome it. The deal died shortly after Turkey and Brazil promoted it due to P5+1’s opposition. After that experience, Turkey’s direct involvement in negotiations has been rather low-key.

Published
2015

35. What should Turkey do to stabilize the Black Sea region

Author

Özdamar, Özgür, Shirinyan, A., Slavkova, L., and Özdamar, Özgür

Abstract

Chapter 3 With the end of Cold War and the attacks of 11 September 2001, the Black Sea region has been at the intersection of three global players’ respective regional points of view. These powers and their approaches are the Russian Federation and its Near Abroad Policy (NAP), the EU and its European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), and the U.S. and its Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) and the Wider Black Sea Region (WBSR) policy. The current destabilisation of the region’s status quo as has happened in the form of the Ukrainian crisis is due to EU-Russian rivalry and their approaches to the region in the forms, respectively, of the EU’s Eastern Partnership and Russia’s Near Abroad Policy. I propose four foreign policy options for Turkey to pursue stability in the Black Sea region. These are: advancement of the frameworks laid out by the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC); development of existing bilateral co-operation with Russia in sectors such as energy and as well as expanding into other possible fields such as security; inclusion of Russia in all multilateral plans of action in the Black Sea region while balancing the great power rivalries and serving as mediator in the regional conflicts. Given the low likelihood of EU membership for Turkey and international and Transatlantic institutions ..

Published
2015

36. Domestic sources of changing turkish foreign policy toward the MENA during the 2010s: A role theoretic approach

Author

Özdamar, Özgür, Cantir, C., and Kaarbo, J.

Abstract

Chapter 6 This chapter presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book starts from the premise that role theory is a useful framework with which to understand the dynamics of global politics. It reviews the role theory specifically, and the study of international relations (IR) more broadly, by building insight into an aspect that has been generally overlooked in role theory research: the domestic political process and the internal contestation of national role conceptions. The book presents a complex picture of the public's participation in the role contestation process, one that has been missing from much of the prior research on role theory and foreign policy. A more direct illustration of the impact of the public on the role contestation process is when the public must cast a vote, either in an election or a referendum. The book demonstrates the value of methodological and theoretical pluralism in research on role theory

Published
2016

40. An Application of Expected Utility Modeling and Game Theory in IR: Assessment of International Bargaining on Iran's Nuclear Program.

Author

Özdamar, Özgür

Subjects
GAME theory, INTERNATIONAL relations, JOINT Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015), COLLECTIVE bargaining, UTILITY theory
Abstract

This article provides an introduction to the theoretical underpinnings of expected utility and game theory approaches in IR studies. It goes on to explore their application to a specific research subject, international bargaining on Iran's nuclear program. In this application, the article presents forecasts about Iran's nuclear program using a game theoretic, bounded rationality model called the expected utility model (Bueno de Mesquita 2002). Three analyses were made in December 2005, September 2006 and March 2007. All three forecasts appear to be in line with real-life developments regarding the issue. The results show that Iran has been losing international support since the analyses started, and the last forecast suggests a pro-US position supported by all major international actors. Also, all three analyses suggest that Russian and Chinese support is vital to curb the Iranian nuclear program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

41. Roundtable Discussion on Event Data

Author

Aydınlı, Ersel, primary, Özdamar, Özgür, additional, İpek, Pınar, additional, Devlen, Balkan, additional, Akça, Belgin Şan, additional, Özdemir, Haluk, additional, Arsavun, Saize, additional, Bond, Joseph, additional, Bayer, Reşat, additional, Lowe, William, additional, Signorino, Curtis, additional, O'Brien, Sean, additional, Yonamine, James, additional, Baycan, Cihangir, additional, Efegil, Ertan, additional, and Tüzüner, Musa, additional

Published
2016
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42. Reinventing Canada’s Middle Power Identity: Practicing Pragmatic Realism in an Era of US-China Strategic Competition in the Indo-Pacific

Author

Nagy, Stephen R., Smith, Karen E., Series Editor, He, Kai, Series Editor, Thies, Cameron G., Series Editor, Aggestam, Karin, Editorial Board Member, Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, Editorial Board Member, Aran, Amnon, Editorial Board Member, Brummer, Klaus, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Guimarães, Feliciano, Editorial Board Member, Jenne, Erin Kristin, Editorial Board Member, Kaarbo, Juliet, Editorial Board Member, Katsumata, Hiro, Editorial Board Member, Li, Mingjiang, Editorial Board Member, Men, Honghua, Editorial Board Member, Moore, ‪Candice, Editorial Board Member, Özdamar, Özgür, Editorial Board Member, Pinheiro, Leticia, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopalan, Rajesh, Editorial Board Member, Schiavon, Jorge A., Editorial Board Member, Tickner, Arlene Beth, Editorial Board Member, and Holland, Kenneth M., editor

Published
2024
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43. Realism, Romanticism, or Indifference? Canada’s Geostrategic Choices in an Era of Great-Power Rivalry

Author

Nossal, Kim Richard, Smith, Karen E., Series Editor, He, Kai, Series Editor, Thies, Cameron G., Series Editor, Aggestam, Karin, Editorial Board Member, Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, Editorial Board Member, Aran, Amnon, Editorial Board Member, Brummer, Klaus, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Guimarães, Feliciano, Editorial Board Member, Jenne, Erin Kristin, Editorial Board Member, Kaarbo, Juliet, Editorial Board Member, Katsumata, Hiro, Editorial Board Member, Li, Mingjiang, Editorial Board Member, Men, Honghua, Editorial Board Member, Moore, ‪Candice, Editorial Board Member, Özdamar, Özgür, Editorial Board Member, Pinheiro, Leticia, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopalan, Rajesh, Editorial Board Member, Schiavon, Jorge A., Editorial Board Member, Tickner, Arlene Beth, Editorial Board Member, and Holland, Kenneth M., editor

Published
2024
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44. The Polar Silk Road: Canada’s Diplomatic Minefield

Author

Hataley, Todd, Leuprecht, Christian, Smith, Karen E., Series Editor, He, Kai, Series Editor, Thies, Cameron G., Series Editor, Aggestam, Karin, Editorial Board Member, Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, Editorial Board Member, Aran, Amnon, Editorial Board Member, Brummer, Klaus, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Guimarães, Feliciano, Editorial Board Member, Jenne, Erin Kristin, Editorial Board Member, Kaarbo, Juliet, Editorial Board Member, Katsumata, Hiro, Editorial Board Member, Li, Mingjiang, Editorial Board Member, Men, Honghua, Editorial Board Member, Moore, ‪Candice, Editorial Board Member, Özdamar, Özgür, Editorial Board Member, Pinheiro, Leticia, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopalan, Rajesh, Editorial Board Member, Schiavon, Jorge A., Editorial Board Member, Tickner, Arlene Beth, Editorial Board Member, and Holland, Kenneth M., editor

Published
2024
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45. Conclusion

Author

Holland, Kenneth M., Smith, Karen E., Series Editor, He, Kai, Series Editor, Thies, Cameron G., Series Editor, Aggestam, Karin, Editorial Board Member, Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, Editorial Board Member, Aran, Amnon, Editorial Board Member, Brummer, Klaus, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Guimarães, Feliciano, Editorial Board Member, Jenne, Erin Kristin, Editorial Board Member, Kaarbo, Juliet, Editorial Board Member, Katsumata, Hiro, Editorial Board Member, Li, Mingjiang, Editorial Board Member, Men, Honghua, Editorial Board Member, Moore, ‪Candice, Editorial Board Member, Özdamar, Özgür, Editorial Board Member, Pinheiro, Leticia, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopalan, Rajesh, Editorial Board Member, Schiavon, Jorge A., Editorial Board Member, Tickner, Arlene Beth, Editorial Board Member, and Holland, Kenneth M., editor

Published
2024
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46. Canada’s Response to China’s Rise, 2015–2022: Analysis of Ottawa’s Internal Policy Making

Author

Shimooka, Richard, Miller, Jonathan Berkshire, Smith, Karen E., Series Editor, He, Kai, Series Editor, Thies, Cameron G., Series Editor, Aggestam, Karin, Editorial Board Member, Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, Editorial Board Member, Aran, Amnon, Editorial Board Member, Brummer, Klaus, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Guimarães, Feliciano, Editorial Board Member, Jenne, Erin Kristin, Editorial Board Member, Kaarbo, Juliet, Editorial Board Member, Katsumata, Hiro, Editorial Board Member, Li, Mingjiang, Editorial Board Member, Men, Honghua, Editorial Board Member, Moore, ‪Candice, Editorial Board Member, Özdamar, Özgür, Editorial Board Member, Pinheiro, Leticia, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopalan, Rajesh, Editorial Board Member, Schiavon, Jorge A., Editorial Board Member, Tickner, Arlene Beth, Editorial Board Member, and Holland, Kenneth M., editor

Published
2024
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47. Unable to Resist: Unwilling to Take Risks—Canada in the Vice of Sino-American Rivalry

Author

Paltiel, Jeremy, Smith, Karen E., Series Editor, He, Kai, Series Editor, Thies, Cameron G., Series Editor, Aggestam, Karin, Editorial Board Member, Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, Editorial Board Member, Aran, Amnon, Editorial Board Member, Brummer, Klaus, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Guimarães, Feliciano, Editorial Board Member, Jenne, Erin Kristin, Editorial Board Member, Kaarbo, Juliet, Editorial Board Member, Katsumata, Hiro, Editorial Board Member, Li, Mingjiang, Editorial Board Member, Men, Honghua, Editorial Board Member, Moore, ‪Candice, Editorial Board Member, Özdamar, Özgür, Editorial Board Member, Pinheiro, Leticia, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopalan, Rajesh, Editorial Board Member, Schiavon, Jorge A., Editorial Board Member, Tickner, Arlene Beth, Editorial Board Member, and Holland, Kenneth M., editor

Published
2024
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48. International Relations Theory and Canada’s Response to the US-China Strategic Rivalry

Author

Holland, Kenneth M., Smith, Karen E., Series Editor, He, Kai, Series Editor, Thies, Cameron G., Series Editor, Aggestam, Karin, Editorial Board Member, Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, Editorial Board Member, Aran, Amnon, Editorial Board Member, Brummer, Klaus, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Guimarães, Feliciano, Editorial Board Member, Jenne, Erin Kristin, Editorial Board Member, Kaarbo, Juliet, Editorial Board Member, Katsumata, Hiro, Editorial Board Member, Li, Mingjiang, Editorial Board Member, Men, Honghua, Editorial Board Member, Moore, ‪Candice, Editorial Board Member, Özdamar, Özgür, Editorial Board Member, Pinheiro, Leticia, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopalan, Rajesh, Editorial Board Member, Schiavon, Jorge A., Editorial Board Member, Tickner, Arlene Beth, Editorial Board Member, and Holland, Kenneth M., editor

Published
2024
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49. Smart Power and Canada’s Effectiveness in the Indo-Pacific

Author

Kucharski, Jeffrey B., Smith, Karen E., Series Editor, He, Kai, Series Editor, Thies, Cameron G., Series Editor, Aggestam, Karin, Editorial Board Member, Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, Editorial Board Member, Aran, Amnon, Editorial Board Member, Brummer, Klaus, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Guimarães, Feliciano, Editorial Board Member, Jenne, Erin Kristin, Editorial Board Member, Kaarbo, Juliet, Editorial Board Member, Katsumata, Hiro, Editorial Board Member, Li, Mingjiang, Editorial Board Member, Men, Honghua, Editorial Board Member, Moore, ‪Candice, Editorial Board Member, Özdamar, Özgür, Editorial Board Member, Pinheiro, Leticia, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopalan, Rajesh, Editorial Board Member, Schiavon, Jorge A., Editorial Board Member, Tickner, Arlene Beth, Editorial Board Member, and Holland, Kenneth M., editor

Published
2024
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50. Introduction: Canada’s Response to the Competing Indo-Pacific Visions of China and the United States

Author

Holland, Kenneth M., Smith, Karen E., Series Editor, He, Kai, Series Editor, Thies, Cameron G., Series Editor, Aggestam, Karin, Editorial Board Member, Anwar, Dewi Fortuna, Editorial Board Member, Aran, Amnon, Editorial Board Member, Brummer, Klaus, Editorial Board Member, de Sá Guimarães, Feliciano, Editorial Board Member, Jenne, Erin Kristin, Editorial Board Member, Kaarbo, Juliet, Editorial Board Member, Katsumata, Hiro, Editorial Board Member, Li, Mingjiang, Editorial Board Member, Men, Honghua, Editorial Board Member, Moore, ‪Candice, Editorial Board Member, Özdamar, Özgür, Editorial Board Member, Pinheiro, Leticia, Editorial Board Member, Rajagopalan, Rajesh, Editorial Board Member, Schiavon, Jorge A., Editorial Board Member, Tickner, Arlene Beth, Editorial Board Member, and Holland, Kenneth M., editor

Published
2024
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