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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Citrus pulp pellets (CPP) and orange fiber (OF) are coproducts of the citrus juice industry. OF is a novel fiber source that contains elevated amounts of soluble fiber and has not yet been studied in dog nutrition. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the inclusion of CPP and OF in dog foods and their effects on the extrusion parameters, the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, fermentation end products, and palatability. A control diet (CO) without an added fiber source tested was formulated, and the experimental diets were composed of 30 g/kg, 60 g/kg and 120 g/kg CPP or 60 g/kg OF inclusion (as-fed basis). Extrusion parameters were recorded to determine extruder energy balance and kibble macrostructure. Thirty beagle dogs (3.2 ± 0.7 years; 12.4 ± 1.5 kg body weight) were distributed in a randomized block design with 6 dogs per group to evaluate the CTTAD of nutrients and the fermentation products in feces. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance, and means were compared by polynomial and orthogonal contrasts. The inclusion of CPP and OF reduced motor amperage (P < 0.001), mass pressure (P = 0.002), and specific mechanical energy transference (P < 0.001). Kibble macrostructure was affected by a decrease in expansion and an increase in hardness by CPP and OF inclusions (P < 0.001). Starch gelatinization was reduced by CPP (P < 0.001) but not by OF inclusion (P > 0.05). Total dietary fiber (TDF) intake increased (P < 0.001) with the addition of CPP, with a linear reduction in CTTAD of nutrients and energy (P < 0.05). The OF treatment, however, presented similar CTTAD values of DM and CP to those of the CO diet (P > 0.05). The TDF CTTAD was higher for 60 g/kg OF than for 60 g/kg CPP (P = 0.028). The fecal pH decreased, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactate concentrations increased with CPP and OF inclusion (P < 0.05). However, the diet supplemented with OF induced the production of feces with a lower pH and higher total SCFA concentrations than those of feces produced from CPP inclusion (P < 0.001). The OF diet presented a higher preference (65%) than the CO diet (35%) by dogs (P < 0.05). The CPP and OF were fermentable fiber sources, increasing SCFA and butyric acid concentrations in feces. The OF was more fermentable than CPP, with a limited impact on kibble formation, starch cooking, and CTTAD of nutrients and showing good acceptance on diets by dogs. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária CNPq: 142191/2016-7

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-02 The same food formulation processed to obtain two different starch gelatinisations (SG) and resistant starch (RS) contents was evaluated in old and adult dogs, regarding apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, fermentation products in faeces, and postprandial glucose and insulin responses. A diet with corn was ground and extruded in two different ways, obtaining Low RS (2.2 g/kg DM; 99.9% of SG) and High RS (15.3 g/kg DM; 62.6% of SG). Each diet was fed to adults (4.0 ± 0.7 years) or old beagle dogs (11.5 ± 0.4 years) in a 2 (ages) x 2 (RS amounts) factorial arrangement with 8 dogs per food. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance, and postprandial responses by analysis of variance of repeated measurements over time (p

Background : : : The biochemistry evaluation of liver enzymes gives evidences about metabolic disorders caused by diseases or nutritional deficiency that influence the hepatic activity. The biochemical profile is usually used as a support for diagnosis of hepatic diseases in pets, however the same evaluation it’s not used in cattle. At the same time, there is a few results and benchmarks for commercial poultry biochemical profile, without a consensus between layer activity, breeder lines, period, age, region, nutrition, and other factors that can interfere in data assurance. AST enzyme is considered a responsive marker in liver disorder in chicken, even if is a nonspecific parameter. GGT can indicate cholestasis and biliary ducts proliferation in chicken liver. The aim is compare the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) e gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), before and during the pick of egg production. Materials, Methods & Results : Thirty-five Hisex Brown laying hens with 16 weeks of age were used for the research. The birds were distributed in a total of seven birds per cage. The hens received the same feed during the experimental period, varying the nutrition levels according layer stage. The experimental design was in random blocks and the animals were in same environment conditions. The light program used was 16 h of artificial lighting per day, with a dark break of eight hours. Three milliliters per bird were collected before the pick (23 weeks) and during the pick of egg production (31 weeks), always in the morning period with a previous fasting. The blood was collected in left wing vein in vacuum tubes. The biochemistry analyses were made with specifics kits for AST and GGT determination. Two analyses of each parameter were made per blood sample in a total of 70 analyses. Data were submitted to variance analyses and the averages were compared in Tukey in a significance level of 1%. Discussion : The levels of AST and GGT in the pre pick of egg production were significantly higher ( P

Summary The effects of resistant starch (RS) intake on nutrient digestibility, microbial fermentation products, faecal IgA, faecal pH, and histological features of the intestinal mucosa of old dogs were evaluated. The same formulation was extruded in two different conditions: one to obtain elevated starch cooking degree with low RS content (0.21%) and the other lower starch cooking with high RS content (1.46%). Eight geriatric Beagles (11.5 ± 0.38 years old) were fed each diet for 61 days in a crossover design. Food intake, nutrient digestibility, fermentation products, faecal pH, and faecal IgA were examined via variance analysis. Histological results of intestinal biopsies were assessed via Wilcoxon test for paired data. The morphometric characteristics of large intestine crypts were evaluated via paired t tests (p