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Analyzing Android applications is essential to review proprietary code and to understand malware behaviors. However, Android applications use obfuscation techniques to slow down this process. These obfuscation techniques are increasingly based on native code. In this article, we propose OATs'inside, a new analysis tool that focuses on high-level behaviors to circumvent native obfuscation techniques transparently. The targeted high-level behaviors are object-level behaviors, i.e., actions performed on Java objects (e.g., field accesses, method calls), regardless of whether these actions are performed using Java or native code. Our system uses a hybrid approach based on dynamic monitoring and trace-based symbolic execution to output control flow graphs (CFGs), 27 pages. for each method of the analyzed application. CFGs are composed of Java-like actions enriched with condition expressions and dataflows between actions, giving an understandable representation of any code, even those fully native. OATs'inside spares users the need to dive into low-level instructions, which are difficult to reverse engineer. We extensively compare OATs'inside functionalities against state-of-the-art tools to highlight the benefit when observing native operations. Our experiments are conducted on a real smartphone: We discuss the performance impact of OATs'inside, and we demonstrate its practical use on applications containing anti-debugging techniques provided by the OWASP foundation. We also evaluate the robustness of OATs'inside using obfuscated unit tests using the Tigress obfuscator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It is important for professional divers and candidates to be medically and physically fit to undertake their underwater work safely. This study aimed to review the screening of dysbaric osteonecrosis (DON) using conventional radiography, which has been stated in the legislation as part of fitness-to-dive examinations, in terms of international standards and scientific facts. Methods: Data on clinical, demographic, laboratory, and radiological evaluations were retrospectively collected for 46 professional divers or candidates who were referred for fitness- to-dive examinations between 2018 and 2020. The approach of the Professional Divers Regulation to DON was compared with that of the Military Health Regulation for the Turkish Armed Forces and the Turkish Underwater Sports Federation Equipped Diving Instruction, as well as that of the legislation of United Kingdom and European Diving Technology Committee standards. Results: Forty-six divers (males: n=45; female: n=1) were enrolled in the study. Their median age was 34 (range: 18-63) years, and the mean body mass index was 25.42 kg/m2 . The prevalence of DON was 2.17% in the study group. Compared with the national and international legislations, Professional Diver Regulation was the only regulation that mandated radiological evaluation for DON in both the initial and periodic fitness-to-dive examinations. Conclusion: One of the aims of regulations is that medical fitness-to-dive standards should be evidence-based and compatible with contemporaneous clinical practice. By the 2000s, attitudes toward DON, fitness to continue diving, and compressed air work have changed in Europe. In light of the findings of the present study, we believe that it is time for a critical reappraisal of the Professional Divers Regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panic arising from physical or psychological stress is a common issue in reported incidents and accidents in scuba diving. Due to its effect on perception, thinking and diver behavior, the panic reaction is often a significant factor in the generation or escalation of problems, potentially leading to injuries and fatalities. The instinctive behaviors associated with panic are incompatible with the constraints of scuba diving (e.g., flight response to threat, leading to rapid ascent). Although the dangers are wellknown, the psychological mechanisms of panic and the implications for prevention/risk reduction are not sufficiently highlighted to recreational divers. In applied psychology, there are grounded theoretical models which describe the onset and maintenance of anxiety and panic, and an evidence base for approaches to anxiety management. For example, these models are used within structured psychological approaches for people experiencing anxiety disorders; and panic attacks are resolvable. Based on these models and underlying theory, this article proposes a new, accessible model for panic in divers. The potential uses of the model are to: (1) provide a simple framework for divers to understand the onset of panic; (2) promote the need for adequate training; (3) describe the importance of staying within training standards, qualifications and personal limitations; (4) support diver and dive educator understanding of individual factors in panic reactions (e.g. psychiatric conditions) placing greater emphasis on psychological fitness to dive; and (5) draw attention to approaches to improved regulation of emotion and promote individual responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SCUBA divers make a range of accidental and intentional contacts with the benthos during each reef visit. Reefs with high levels of diving tourism can be subjected to major impacts. Whilst strategies currently exist to reduce diver contacts, including pre-dive briefing and carrying-capacity approaches, significant impacts still occur. This study tested the effectiveness of Low-Impact Diver (LID) training on 183 certified SCUBA divers. The aim was to assess if specific training could provide divers with the skill base to avoid, or significantly reduce, contact with the reef, regardless of certification or experience level. Students completed a single pre-training dive, in which a set of tasks was completed to the best of their current ability and which could be used as a baseline for comparison with a similar post-course completion dive. Regardless of an individual diver’s certification, or experience level, LID training was shown to significantly reduce contact with the benthos during subsequent dives. This study demonstrated a clear deficiency in current entry-level diver training standards and shows that divers from all experience levels are capable of learning and applying LID techniques. This study presents evidence that LID techniques provide a viable ecotourism management strategy to reduce diver impacts globally. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Pre-dive checklists can prevent mishaps, injuries, and deaths in recreational scuba diving. However, the prevalence of checklist use remains low. Understanding the environmental and individual factors influencing a diver's checklist use may help in promoting checklists. In the summer of 2012, 617 divers were enrolled in the intervention group of a cluster randomized trial. The divers received an intervention pre-dive checklist to use before they made dives. Logistic regression analyses were used to model adherence to pre-dive checklist with generalized estimating equations. About 70% divers (n=430) adhered to the intervention pre-dive checklist. Factors associated with greater adherence were the use of a diver's own written self-checklist - odds ratio (OR) = 2.48 (95% confidence intervaI: 0.95, 6.44), older age (> 35 years) - OR = 1.67 (1.15, 2.42), and higher average annual dives (6-10 dives vs. 0-5 dives) - OR = 1.87 (1.09, 3.21). Factors associated with lower adherence were diving in North Carolina as compared to the Caribbean - OR = 0.42 (0.20, 0.85), non-white race - OR = 0.54 (0.27, 1.09), and female gender - OR = 0.77 (0.54, 1.12). Checklist adherence is also a function of risk perception, facilitators, and barriers. Future studies should try to understand diver risk perceptions, promote facilitators, and reduce barriers to foster the use of pre-dive checklists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of controlling the state and location of scuba divers is of importance. This work consider the possibility to use for this purpose a low-frequency noise of a scuba diver. The noise of a scuba diver under a dry swimming suite near the trachea and in the water at a distance of 50 m was recorded.It wa shown that both sygnals are characterized by the presence of quasi-periodic components induced by the amplitude modulation of wide-band breathing noises by the brething rhythms of a scuba diver. The quasi-periodic componentss distinguished can be used to evaluate the physiological parameters of the state of a scuba diver and to establish his location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reprint of the article "Daredevils of the Deep" published in "Popular Mechanics" in February 1944 is presented. Topics include salvage diving at the U.S. Navy (USN) School at Pier 88, New York, the need of the U.S. government for underwater workers to clean up sinkings at Pearl Harbor and New York City, and instruction provided the school on air valve manipulation. It also features photographs of the first batch of participants of the school during their training.

The article reports on the participation of Historical Diving Society (HDS) USA in shows held in the first quarter of 2015. Topics discussed include HDS booth at Beneath the Sea held at Meadowlands, New Jersey on March 28-29, 2015, and HDS booth at SCUBA and H20 Adventure Show held in Seattle, Washington on April 11-12, 2015. It also announces the cancellation of the conference scheduled to be held in Panama City, Panama in September 2015, and that planning for the 2016 conference is underway.

The article offers information on regulator ZERO, the first helmet model produced by SPORTKLIMEX Praha in the 1970s, featured on the cover of the book on diving helmets published by the Historical Diving Society (HDS) Czech in 2010. Topics discussed include unique construction of regulator ZERO with two different diaphragms, and the author's observation of HDS Czech group at the annual gathering of divers and vintage equipment at Lake Marx, Germany in 2012, where he received a copy of the book.