Search

Pain and inflammation are associated with the pathophysiology of different clinical conditions. The Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. capilliposide (LCc) is the main bioactive component of this Chinese medicinal herb, which is widely used as a remedy for the treatment of colds and arthritis. This study investigated the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of LCc in an animal model. LCc had no significant influence on the spleen, lung, liver and stomach coefficients in mice. Pharmacological studies showed that LCc at all doses (40, 60 and 90 mg/kg) increased the latency period of paw licking induced by thermal stimulation, and at the dose of 40 mg/kg it significantly suppressed abdominal writhing episodes of mice induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid. LCc also had antiinflammatory effect on inflammation models. Doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg suppressed paw edema induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of carrageenan. Mechanistic studies revealed that the antiinflammatory effect of LCc was associated with inhibition of the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in paw tissue of carrageenan-injected mice. These results show that LCc has analgesic and antiinflammatory effects in mice.

Lysimachia christinae Hance is widely distributed in subtropical China at the elevational range from 500–2300 m. The species is an important medicinal herb for treating jaundice, urinary disorders, and the liver. Here, we sequenced and characterized the whole plastid genome of L. christinae. It is 154,810 bp in length, containing two copies of inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,034 bp, each), a large single-copy (LSC) region (84,809 bp), and a small single-copy (SSC) region (17,933 bp). It has 114 genes, of which 80 are protein-coding, 30 are tRNA, and 4 are rRNA genes. The ML tree indicates L. christinae is closely related to Lysimachia congestiflora Hemsl. This genome information can help us better construct a backbone phylogeny of Lysimachia in the future.

Lysimachia nummularia L. is a plant belonging to the Primulaceae family, which is particularly valuable as a medicinal raw material used in folk medicine in many countries. It has excellent antibacterial and antioxidant capacity of metabolites. That is why the microclonal propagation of Lysimachia nummularia L. is a relevant issue. The purpose of this paper is to develop approaches to microclonal propagation of L. nummularia. For microclonal reproduction of L. nummularia, the method of activation of isolated tissues and organs already present in the plant meristem and induction of direct regeneration directly by explant tissues was used. To select highly productive cell lines of representatives of the genus Lysimachia, callus culture was obtained by indirect morphogenesis from stem and leaf explants. It was found that the formation of tissues and organs of L. nummularia into in vitro culture depended on the composition of the nutrient medium and the quantitative and qualitative ratio of growth regulators in it. Active proliferation of L. nummularia microshoots into in vitro culture was noted on the variants of Murashige and Skoog, and Driver and Kuniyuki nutrient medium with 6-benzylaminopurine 4.0 mg∙l -1, indolyl butyric acid 0.03 mg∙l -1, gibberellic acid 0.1 mg∙l -1. It was established that for microclonal reproduction, induction, and proliferation of the root system and obtaining regenerating plants of L. nummularia, the most effective is the use of nutrient media according to Murashige and Skoog with the addition of thidiazuron 0.5 mg∙l -1 and 0.25 mg∙l -1 kinetin. The optimal conditions for the induction of callusogenesis and obtaining the culture of cells and callus tissues of L. nummularia and its passage in vitro were selected. It has been shown that the modified nutrient medium of Murashige and Skoog, with 2.4-dichlorophenacetic acid 1.5 mg∙l -1 and indole-3-acetic acid 0.2 mg∙l -1, is optimal for the accumulation of callus tissue biomass of L. nummularia, which ensured the frequency of callusogenesis for the first and second passages up to 98.0 ± 0.2%. 5 cell lines that actively synthesize stilbenoids and the highly productive LN-EE 02/19 cell line, which is capable of synthesizing and accumulating in callus tissues up to 10-12 mg∙g-1 of myricetrin, were selectively isolated. As a result of the analysis, the callus culture cell line LN-EE 02/19 was obtained, which allows obtaining myricetrin in amounts up to 10.0-12.0 mg∙l -1 of raw biomass. The developed protocol can be used both for L. nummularia plants and other representatives of the Primulaceae family

Lysimachia mauritiana Lam. (Primulaceae) is known as a medicinal plant with anti-tumor and anti-viral effects. In this study, we reported the first complete chloroplast genome sequence of L. mauritiana. The total length of the complete chloroplast genome was 152,691 bp, comprising a small-single copy region (SSC) of 17,928 bp, a large-single copy region of 83,811 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 25,476 bp. It contained 114 genes comprising 80 protein-coding genes, four rRNA, and 30 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis showed that a chloroplast genome of L. mauritiana was a sister to a monophyletic clade, including L. christinae, L. congestiflora, L. hemsleyana. Our study will help to provide basic information for further studies on phylogenetics and population genetics.

AimsRadiation therapy is used as the primary treatment for lung cancer. Unfortunately, radiation resistance remains to be the major clinic problem for lung cancer patients. Lysimachia capillipes capilliposide C (LC-C), an extract from LC Hemsl, has demonstrated multiple anti-cancer effects in several types of cancer. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic impacts of LC-C on radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells and their underlying mechanisms.MethodsNon-small cell lung cancer cell lines were initially irradiated to generate ionizing radiation (IR)-resistant lung cancer cell lines. RNA-seq analysis was used to examine the whole-transcriptome alteration in IR-resistant lung cancer cells treated with or without LC-C, and the differentially expressed genes with most significance were verified by RT-qPCR. Colony formation assays were performed to determine the effect of LC-C and the target gene ErbB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1) on radiosensitivity of IR-resistant lung cancer cells. In addition, effects of ERRFI1 on cell cycle distribution, DNA damage repair activity were assessed by flow cytometry and γ-H2AX immunofluorescence staining respectively. Western blotting was performed to identify the activation of related signaling pathways. Tumor xenograft experiments were conducted to observe the effect of LC-C and ERRFI1 on radiosensitivity of IR-resistant lung cancer cells in vivo.ResultsCompared with parental cells, IR-resistant lung cancer cells were more resistant to radiation. LC-C significantly enhanced the effect of radiation in IR-resistant lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and validated ERRFI1 as a candidate downstream gene by RNA-seq. Forced expression of ERRFI1 alone could significantly increase the radiosensitivity of IR-resistant lung cancer cells, while silencing of ERRFI1 attenuated the radiosensitizing function of LC-C. Accordingly, LC-C and ERRFI1 effectively inhibited IR-induced DNA damage repair, and ERRFI1 significantly induced G2/M checkpoint arrest. Additional investigations revealed that down-regulation of EGFR/STAT3 pathway played an important role in radiosensitization between ERRFI1 and LC-C. Furthermore, the high expression level of ERRFI1 was associated with high overall survival rates in lung cancer patients.ConclusionsTreatment of LC-C may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the radiation resistance and ERRFI1 may be a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.

Abstract Background Lysimachia christinae Hance is a traditional Chinese medicine with diuretic, detumescent, and detoxifying effects. Our aimed to optimize the extraction protocol to maximize the yield of flavonoids from Lysimachia christinae Hance, and evaluate the pharmacological activities of four fractions, namely, petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (NB), and aqueous (AQ) fractions, of the ethanolic extract of Lysimachia christinae Hance. Methods The flavonoid monomers in the crude extract were characterized via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were used as markers for extract quality control and standardization. The total flavonoid, total phenolic, and total polysaccharide contents of each fraction were determined by spectrophotometry. Further, the in vitro free radical (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals) scavenging activities, and antioxidant capacity in endothelial cells were evaluated for each fraction. Results After optimizing the extraction protocol to maximize the total flavonoid yield from L. christinae Hance, the NB fractions had the highest total flavonoid (39.4 ± 4.55 mg RE/g), total phenolic (41.1 ± 3.07 mg GAE/g) and total polysaccharide (168.1 ± 7.07 mg GE/g); In addition, the NB fraction of the ethanolic extract of L. christinae Hance reveal the strongest radical-scavenging activity, antioxidant activity and protective effects against H2O2-induced injury in HUVECs. Conclusions Among the four fractions of L. christinae Hance, the NB fraction showed the most potent antioxidant and endothelial protective effects, which may be attributed to its high flavonoid, phenolic contents and optimal portfolio of different active ingredients of NB fractions of the ethanolic extract of L. christinae Hance. This study might improve our understanding of the pharmacological activities of L. christinae Hance, thereby facilitating its use in disease prevention and treatment.

Earth's climate is on track to surpass the proposed mean global temperature change limit of 1.5ºC above pre-industrial levels, threatening to disrupt ecosystems globally. Yet, studies on temperate bee response to climate change are limited, with most studies of non-Apis bees focusing on the eusocial genus Bombus. Here, we assess the response of a rare habitat and host plant specialist bee, Macropis nuda, to projected climate change scenarios. We use species distribution models of M. nuda and its host plant, Lysimachia ciliata, trained on publicly available occurrence records, to evaluate bee distribution and habitat suitability changes under four climate change scenarios. We find that the bee and host plant distributions respond synchronously to increased greenhouse gas emissions, which result in range-wide habitat suitability loss and a northward range shift. These results provide an important example of a temperate solitary bee's response to climate change and help inform conservation efforts to preserve pollinator biodiversity and pollinator-host plant relationships.

The aim is to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the extracts obtained from Lysimachia nummularia L. in order to be able to introduce these extracts into pharmaceutical products and obtain useful products in the infectious and antifungal pathology of the oro-dental cavity. Extracts from different parts of the studied species have been obtained and chemically characterized: the total polyphenols in 40% ethanolic extracts have been determined and the caffeic and chlorogenic acids and trans-resveratrol, bioactive compounds involved in the antimicrobial properties of the studied species, have been identified, separated, and quantitatively determined. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extract of Lisymachia nummularia L. were determined using the diffusion method against a set of bacteria isolated from samples from different patients with diseases of the oro-dental cavity. The extract of Lisymachia nummularia L. exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria more than Gram-negative, where the effect was weaker; however, it had no antifungal effects on Candida albicans. Another aspect that must be emphasized is that the best antibacterial results were obtained from the aerial segment of the plant, the part where the highest concentration of polyphenols was identified in the studies presented. These results indicate that the pharmacological effects of the studied bacterial species support the use of extracts in obtaining pharmaceutical products that can be used to optimize treatment schemes in oro-dental diseases.

This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy and to identify a suitable method of dormancy-breaking for an efficient seed viability test of Lysimachia coreana Nakai. To confirm the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination at different temperatures, germination tests were conducted at 5, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, and 25/15 °C (12/12 h, light/dark), using 1% agar with 100, 250, and 500 mg·L−1 GA3. Seeds were also stratified at 5 and 25/15 °C for 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, and then germinated at the same temperature. Seeds treated with GA3 demonstrated an increased germination rate (GR) at all temperatures except 5 °C. The highest GR was 82.0% at 25/15 °C and 250 mg·L−1 GA3 (4.8 times higher than the control (14.0%)). Additionally, GR increased after cold stratification, whereas seeds did not germinate after warm stratification at all temperatures. After cold stratification, the highest GR was 56.0% at 25/15 °C, which was lower than the GR observed after GA3 treatment. We hypothesized that L. coreana seeds have a non-deep physiological dormancy and concluded that 250 mg·L−1 GA3 treatment is more effective than cold stratification (9 weeks) for L. coreana seed-dormancy-breaking.

Saponins are plant metabolites that possess multidirectional biological activities, among these is antitumor potential. The mechanisms of anticancer activity of saponins are very complex and depend on various factors, including the chemical structure of saponins and the type of cell they target. The ability of saponins to enhance the efficacy of various chemotherapeutics has opened new perspectives for using them in combined anticancer chemotherapy. Co-administration of saponins with targeted toxins makes it possible to reduce the dose of the toxin and thus limit the side effects of overall therapy by mediating endosomal escape. Our study indicates that the saponin fraction CIL1 of Lysimachia ciliata L. can improve the efficacy of the EGFR-targeted toxin dianthin (DE). We investigated the effect of cotreatment with CIL1 + DE on cell viability in a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, on proliferation in a crystal violet assay (CV) and on pro-apoptotic activity using Annexin V/7 Actinomycin D (7-AAD) staining and luminescence detection of caspase levels. Cotreatment with CIL1 + DE enhanced the target cell-specific cytotoxicity, as well as the antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties. We found a 2200-fold increase in both the cytotoxic and antiproliferative efficacy of CIL1 + DE against HER14-targeted cells, while the effect on control NIH3T3 off-target cells was less profound (6.9- or 5.4-fold, respectively). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the CIL1 saponin fraction has a satisfactory in vitro safety profile with a lack of cytotoxic and mutagenic potential.

The aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory effect of Lysimachia christinae was investigated as a functional food ingredient and a new AR inhibitor, DHDP, was isolated from L. christinae, guided by an affinity-based ultrafiltration-HPLC assay. The chemical structure of DHDP was determined to be 1,5-di-hydroxy-1,5-di-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic]-3-pentanonyl ester by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fast atom bombardment ionization mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), and ultraviolet (UV) and (IR) infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the AR inhibitory activity and mechanism of DHDP were characterized. In vitro and in silico results demonstrated that DHDP binds to the AR active site rapidly, blocking it and competitively preventing substrate access and product formation (IC50, 194.67 μM; Ki, 29.68 μM). Ex vivo experiments indicated that DHDP can penetrate the eye lens and successfully inhibit AR under hyperglycemic conditions, thus preventing the accumulation of sorbitol and subsequent osmotic stress.

Objective: Lysimachia genus has been recorded to be used in diabetes, traditionally and to have antidiabetic effect and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of Lysimachia verticillaris (LV) and its isolated compounds, the percentage of apoptosis and histological changes in pancreatic P-cells in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Male Spraque Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. STZ (40 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats were treated orally with aqueous extract (400 mg/kg) and isolated compounds (20 mg/ kg). To interpret antidiabetic effect, serum glucose and insulin levels were measured and morphological changes of pancreas were examined. Serum samples were analysed for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels to investigate antioxidant effect. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to reveal apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells. Results: Oral administration of the extract and isolated compounds reduced high blood glucose levels (p<0.005). Morever, the treatments were resulted in increased serum insulin (p≤0.05), CAT (p≤0.05), SOD (p≤0.05) and GPX (p≤0.05). All applications with compounds, especially with quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside reduced the morphological impairment of pancreas. The percentage of TUNEL positive cells was higher (p≤0.05) in the pancreatic islets of untreated diabetic group than others groups. Conclusion: According to results, the extract and isolated compounds of LV displayed antidiabetic effect, while quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside showed the highest antidiabetic effect. The antidiabetic effects of LV and phenolic compounds may be due to their antioxidant effects. Thus, LV and isolated compounds can be a potential source of herbal medicine for DM. However, it requires further investigations such as toxicological analysis studies and clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Lysimachia, L. xiangxiensis (Primulaceae), is described and illustrated from western Hunan, central China. The species is similar to L. melampyroides in plant densely strigillose, leaves subglabrous adaxially, and flowers usually solitary in axils of upper leaves, but differs by the succulent leaves, the creeping or ascending stems 15–25 cm long, and the suborbicular to broadly elliptic corolla lobes. This new species is also supported by a molecular phylogenetic analysis of some Lysimachia species based on ITS sequence data.

A new species, Lysimachia septemfida (Primulaceae), from Yunnan (Southwest China) is described and illustrated. The new species exhibits several unusual characters in Lysimachia including lack of a corolla, 7-merous flowers, leaves in whorls of 3 and distinct multicellular nodiferous hairs, which make it readily distinguishable from all other species in this genus. The diagnostic differences between this new species and its suppositive allies are given. In addition, the systematic placement of this new species is also discussed based on an ITS molecular tree.