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Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The magnitude that communication has acquired today explains, to a large extent, the development experienced by communication offices. Any organization of any kind needs an organizational structure that optimally manages its relations with its relational universe, both externally and internally. This research aims to find out what the current panorama of communication departments is in Andalucía --territorially, one of the largest autonomous communities of Spain-- and to discover how it has evolved in the first two decades of the 21st century, taking into account the public, private and social sectors. The results show a generalized growth in the number of communication offices in all provinces and in all sectors, especially those of local administrations, as well as communication companies and social organizations, which have tripled in the last century. In addition to significant changes in the digitalization of communication. Now, Andalucian organizations, in addition to having a website, have profiles on the main social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Destinations increasingly use chatbots in the management and communication with tourists. This study analyzes the mediating effect of chatbot usage satisfaction on forming the destination's image. As a case study, we use the Chabot "Victoria la Malagueña," Spain. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were necessary to identify the relationships between the constructs. The results show that informativeness and empathy are the main attributes that influence user satisfaction and mediate forming a destination image. The study has managerial implications and provides destination management organizations with practical information for creating chatbots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Governments around the world have shown poor capabilities in responding effectively to the COVID-19 health emergency outbreaks. After the declaration of COVID-19 as an international pandemic by the World Health Organization on January 31, 2020, three countries experienced the greatest initial impact in Europe. Sequentially Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK) were hit by the highest numbers of contagion and death in the first few months in Europe. The aim of this paper is to assess how information channels and sources influenced the public's evaluation of the three government's communication response strategies. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey was conducted between March 14 and April 14, 2020, during the first wave of lockdowns and declarations of States of Emergency in the three countries. Findings: Findings show particularities for the different countries, but also similarities in response and reactions of the public in the three scenarios. The response strategy of the UK Government was the most untrusted and criticized by citizens. In contrast, the Italian and Spanish Governments, which both chose to respond with the severest restrictions, attracted more support from citizens, especially in Italy, which was the first to close borders and impose lockdowns for the population. Research limitations/implications: Despite the national differences in the preference of information channels and sources, overall, an empirical relationship between government communication assessment and media use were found in all the scenarios. Practical implications: This empirical study has theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, findings will add evidence of implications of the Channel Complementary Theory to the field of risk, crisis and emergency communication. The results also provide insights for communication practitioners in the public sector on how forms of information and trust in sources influence the public's assessment of authorities' communication. Originality/value: Implications for theory and empirical research about communication during a health pandemic are identified and discussed. Highlights: Citizens engage at a high level and synchronize their use of multiple media and platforms in all the three national scenarios. Stronger criticism is provided by online media, especially social media and online press in the different national contexts. Results corroborate that factors related to media choice need to be operationalized for risk and crisis communication research. When public health depends on people understanding the actions they need to take, the possibility of disobedience is highly dependent on trust. Compared with Spain and the United Kingdom (UK), trust in government institutions in Italy was stronger and could be explained by the higher use of owned media for information-seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim to propose formulas based on indicators to develop the transcendent happiness of employees in the tourism industry. Specifically, three factors are proposed as determinants of transcendence happiness (THP): corporate culture (CO), internal communication (IC), and employee-centered personnel management (EPM). To this end, a model proposes to help guide employees in the tourism industry toward happiness. From a sample of 443 employees in tourist accommodations in Spain, we explore the feasibility of an SEM-PLS model based on already validated scales. Our results show, on the one hand, the critical role of organisational culture in the pursuit of employee happiness and, on the other hand, the mediating effect of internal communication between personnel management and transcendent happiness. This ground-breaking study fills two gaps in the current happiness management literature. The first is considering transcendent happiness as an innovative key to corporate governance. It requires a corporate culture that fosters all human capital's personal growth and work-related well-being. In addition, secondly, to demonstrate that the variables of internal communication and passion at work positively influence the transcendental happiness of internal customers in rural establishments. Between internal communication and personnel management based on the employee's growth, the organisational culture has the most significant impact not only on personnel management but also on the achievement of the happiness of private employees. To this end, rural accommodations should design organisational patterns based on codes of conduct in the social relations between employees and managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to analyze the communication management strategies of the top 40 hotel companies, in terms of turnover, using their corporate accounts on social networks during the Easter holiday campaign in 2021 and 2022. By using apps such as "Data Analytics" and "Content Analytics" from Welovroi, a comparative, quantitative and qualitative study, using content and discourse analysis, was designed. The comparative study seeks to identify possible changes and offers data on activity, impact and the published content. The results reveal a considerable difference—both quantitative and qualitative—from one period to the other in terms of behavior and networking on social media of the brands studied. Despite the increase in publications from 2021 to 2022, the level of engagement falls, the frequency of publications and content varies and, in addition, the importance of Instagram and Facebook, as networks which generate more interaction with the public, can be noted. The conclusions reached may also serve to improve the management of social media communication for hotel companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected the world's cultural institutions, as well as driving digitization and a change in the relationships with their audiences. This study explores how the most visited art-museums in Spain have reacted through their social networks to the pandemic. Two key moments, the confinement and a period one-year after the declaration of the health crisis are compared. A mixed method by combining a content analysis of 2392 publications on Twitter and Instagram and two regression models evidence that COVID-19 has been a turning point in the management of museum communication in digital ecosystems. The main findings highlight the importance of active listening and the ability of these channels to create experiences beyond the physical visit. The strategic value of its implementation is underlined. Practical implications are included and it emphasized the role of entertainment and social support of the museums in crisis situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universitas, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a case study on the perception and evaluation parameters of communication management by general directors of trade fair organizations affiliated with the International Association of Trade Fairs of America AFIDA, which brings together more than fifty organizations in Latin America, Spain and Portugal. A bibliographical review of various theories, models, and studies on the measurement and evaluation of communication was carried out. The emphasis has been placed on publications made in the present century with the aim of identifying and parameterizing how to measure, evaluate and assess communication management. The studies and proposals made in the present century were analyzed, focusing on whether there is a clear methodology to measure communication, and the interest in measurement. The state of strategic communication in the professional field, the characteristics of excellent communication, and the follow-up to the key aspects of the profession have been examined. Trends, roles and best practices of the profession, budgets, and functions of communication measurement and evaluation. In addition, several substantial inputs for communication management and evaluation have been identified as the Barcelona principles which have been reissued and updated twice. The framework for monitoring communication that presents several levels of impact for the measurement and evaluation of communication. The culture of active listening to stakeholders recommended by the Melbourne Mandate. In recent years, new contributions have been made, such as the Integrated Evaluation Framework, the global model of public relations and communication and several strategic communication impact indicators, among others. With this information, the proposal of components for the measurement and evaluation of strategic communication management was constructed as a theoretical contribution, consisting of twenty variables grouped into six components: management function of communication, diagnostic research, approach to objectives, results to be obtained, evaluation methods and results report. Each of them represents a parameter that allows self-assessment and determination of whether the communication management of an organization reaches the strategic level. The proposal Components of the measurement and evaluation of strategic communication management, represents the theoretical basis on which the case study of the present investigation is carried out, which has as objectives to know the perception and the evaluation parameters of the management of the communication from the perspective of the general directors of the fair organizations affiliated to the International Association of Fairs of America, Spain and Portugal AFIDA. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with directors of trade fair organizations that are or have been members of AFIDA's board of directors and who attended the 51st Latin American Congress of the Trade Fair and Convention Industry, held in Bogota in April 2022. A survey was also applied to the remaining CEOs attending the congress. The information-gathering instruments included questions regarding to the influence and competence of the communication directors, department budget, alignment of communication objectives, results to be obtained, evaluation methods, and communication results reports. The most relevant results show that the directors' perception of communication management is more operational than strategic, the main function of the communication director is to advise top management, communication objectives have little alignment with organizational objectives and there is a weakness on the part of the Dircoms to manage and include organizational and financial indexes in the reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has caused a transformation in the organizational structure of the healthcare system that directly affects the management of its communication. This article aims to know the communication strategy of hospitals in Spain in a context of normality and what have been the main changes and adaptation needs caused by the pandemic. For this purpose, the information is collected and analyzed from a structured questionnaire and two focus group with health communication professionals. The results obtained confirm that pandemic modifies the type of tasks carried out in the three communication areas and transforms both the information requested and the priority in the use of channels for its transmission. Furthermore the work concludes that the health crisis has accelerated the development of the digitization and of Spanish health and communication systems. Finally, the professionals consider that the pandemic has favored the knowledge and recognition of the communication function inside and outside the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The communication field features a majority of female professionals; however, their professional situation is uneven. This inequality is against the development of values in society and the necessary legitimacy of companies and organizations. Gender discrepancies in the profession include differences in hiring, salaries, and promotions, as shown by recent quantitative and qualitative studies on the wage gap, the glass ceiling, low wages, and a lack of women in senior management, such as CEO and corporate management positions. This research aims to empirically analyze the gender differences in the communication management profession in Spain. Thus, we present four gender problems identified by previous works, which have never been systematically and globally studied in Spain: the so-called feminization of the profession, wage discrimination, the glass ceiling, and factors external to the organization where professionals work. Data based on two groups of professional surveys are statistically analyzed, observing that these problems also affect the profession in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The managerial function of communication and PR requires the use of a scientific method for decision-making that makes it possible to correctly define the starting problem of strategic programming through an effective diagnosis, establish the objective to be achieved and, subsequently, evaluate correctly the success achieved, taking into account that the final strategic objective is to establish relationships of trust with the publics. In this article we seek to identify the contents that form competencies and research capacities in strategic planning within the study plans of the own (unofficial) master's degrees directly linked to the function of communication management, offered in Spain during the 2019-2020, to determine if the graduates have been prepared, as future managers, to investigate properly. Matilla (2018) proposes a series of information and research techniques and methods -basic and applied- that should be worked on in the first stage of the strategic planning process and that will serve as a guide for the contents that should be worked on at the training level. Through content analysis, a total of 38 unofficial master's degrees were identified that met the first search requirements in the 2019-2020 academic year, of which, after carefully reading their subjects, competencies and professional opportunities, it was seen that only 13 were directly linked to the communication management function, both from an integrated department of an organization, as well as from agencies and consultancies. The final sample unit showed that the word "research" literally appeared in 7 subject titles of 6 different master's degrees. Likewise, the descriptions or contents of another 26 subjects included at least one concept linked to the initial stage of research, such as "audit", "diagnosis", "analysis" (psychosocial, of publics, of data, of insight, executive...), "measurement", "monitoring", "metrics", "evaluation", "audience map", "information search", "issues management", "research of futures", "interpretation of results" or "social trends". A third of the Spanish master's degrees directly linked to the function of communication management do not offer any type of training in strategic research, despite its importance at a professional level, and only half of them offer at least one specialized subject in research. There is no master's degree that literally includes all the necessary contents identified by Matilla (2018) to correctly carry out the first stage of research, although there are some universities that show a high interest in training professionals capable of empirical research. Reliable proof of this interest is the Carlos III University of Madrid, which offers more than 50% of its ECTS with some mention of research techniques, methods or typologies. In short, it can be seen that depending on the postgraduate training in question, future communication and PR professionals will be trained -or not- to conduct scientific research, so that a third of postgraduates will not have received specific training in strategic research and will not be able to acquire the research skills necessary to adequately exercise the management function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Management of scientific communication. 25 ideas to improve your research" is a review of the book written by José Manuel Noguera Vivo, a Journalism professor at the Catholic University of Murcia and delegate in Spain for the Online News Association. The book offers practical advice for effectively communicating scientific work, with the aim of maintaining a pace of dissemination of results and having a voice in society. Noguera proposes 25 tips grouped into the areas of ideation, planning, production, and dissemination of research. The author highlights the importance of strategically designing the publication, proposing counterintuitive hypotheses, and building habits to maximize the public reach of the work. The article praises the systematization of the lessons learned by the author in his more than 20 years of experience and highlights the usefulness of the guide for both novice researchers and established academics. [Extracted from the article]

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is considered a legitimizing activity for organizations and an essential value for reputation fundamentally in crises. Social networks, especially Twitter, are beneficial tools for CSR communication. This social network is considered the ideal tool for communication management during critical situations. Thus, the main objective of this research is to analyze how the most responsible companies in the Spanish energy sector communicate their CSR actions and policies during the pandemic on Twitter. Through the content analysis of 3,146 tweets published during 12 months, the study evaluates the activity, topics and communicative approach of CSR messages posted during the health crisis. Despite the pandemic situation, the results suggest that organizations have not significantly changed their roadmap in the communication of their CSR actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are abundant research articles on Spanish study plans in the field of journalism, and they are highly suitable for current professional profiles. However, there are fewer in the advertising area, and they focus mainly on specific subjects or universities, are not up to date, and use techniques other than the revision of the syllabus. This article presents the results of a descriptive study analyzing 35 university degrees in Advertising and Public Relations, both presential and online, in Spain to determine their suitability to address the needs of the sector. Of these plans, only three were offered online in the academic year 2019-2020. We analyze the structure of the study plans, the specific competences and skills covered, the profiles of new university entrants, graduation, and employment opportunities. There is a gap in terms of online education offering personalized education to obtain key competences (public speaking, idea generation, and teamwork). This research provides a useful guide for those aiming to design a degree course, specifically in Advertising, identifying good practices and trends in curricular design. The need for transversal training in strategy and creativity is discussed, based on an analytical and creative profile that prepares graduates as advertising and communication management professionals. Creativity continues to be important for the training of Advertising graduates, and new subjects are required to match this multidisciplinary angle. The use of English, new technologies, and data analysis are some of the key subjects to study. The necessary skills include communication, teamwork, and the ability to resolve problems and face difficult situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence the success of internal communication in Spanish companies, specifically the importance of the channels used, activities conducted through ISM and the role played by the communication professional.Design/methodology/approach The model employed argues that to obtain success in internal communication, three factors are considered necessary: first, communication professionals must participate in strategic decisions; second, they have to use together social media channel and classical channel to communicate with employees; and finally they must choose which activities they carry out during the use of social media. These elements are developed in the literature review. To research practices of internal digital communications and level of success of internal communication across types of organizations, a quantitative survey between professionals from Spanish companies was conducted.Findings The results revealed that the hierarchical level, participation in the strategic decision process and dedication of the communication practitioner, alongside with the use of face-to-face and online communication channels, and the perceived importance of communication activities conducted through social media platforms are the key factors that influence the quality of internal communication. However, no significant relationship between the level of success and the use of social media channels was found.Research limitations/implications The current study has several limitations that should be noted and addressed in future research. The main limitation lies in the fact that the dependent variable – success in communication – is entirely based on communication professionals’ perceptions. Replication studies can be conducted to cross-validate the results obtained from this study using business outcome metrics to measure the communication effectiveness. A further limitation is related to the sampling procedure. Obtaining a representative sample of communications professionals in Spanish companies poses a number of limitations due to the impossibility of having accurate data on the total population.Practical implications The findings of the current study provide important implications for public relations professionals on what (i.e. the content) and how to (i.e. the channels) communicate within an organization. In general, internal communicators should move from historical roles as information producers and distributors to advisory roles in strategic decision making. Additionally, the implementation and use of ISM should be carefully revaluated. Communication practitioners should examine and address the difficulties involved in choosing the correct channels, devoting the necessary time to their adequate management, analyzing employees’ feedback and improving the engagement.Originality/value The study shows that internal communication practices in Spanish companies are changing. The model used in this research can be applied in an individual organization to evaluate what factors improve the communication of its employees and carry out additional research in other countries or types of organizations to identity new challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]