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2. The Power of Believing You Can Get Smarter: The Impact of a Growth-Mindset Intervention on Academic Achievement in Peru. Policy Research Working Paper 9141
- Author
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World Bank, Outes-León, Ingo, Sánchez, Alan, and Vakis, Renos
- Abstract
This paper evaluates the academic impact of a growth-mindset intervention on students starting the secondary level in public schools in urban Peru. ¡Expande tu Mente! is a 90-minute school session aimed at instilling the notion that a person's own intelligence is malleable. Students in schools randomly assigned to treatment showed a small improvement in math test scores and educational expectations, with a large and sustained impact in test scores among students outside the capital city. At a cost of $0.20 per pupil, ¡Expande tu Mente! was highly cost-effective. The results show the potential that brief growth-mindset interventions have for developing countries. [This paper is a product of the Poverty and Equity Global Practice.]
- Published
- 2020
3. Is School Funding Unequal in Latin America? A Cross-Country Analysis. CEPA Working Paper No. 20-11
- Author
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Stanford Center for Education Policy Analysis (CEPA), Bertoni, Eleonora, Elacqua, Gregory, Marotta, Luana, Martinez, Matías, Santos, Humberto, and Soares, Sammara
- Abstract
Public spending on education has increased significantly in Latin America over the last several decades. Yet, the question remains as to whether greater spending translates into a more equitable distribution of resources. We address this issue by measuring inequality in per-pupil spending between regions of varying socioeconomic status (SES) within five different countries: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The results show that while Brazil's funding gap has narrowed over time, this federal nation has the widest socioeconomic spending divide, due to large inequalities in local revenues between high and low SES regions. School funding in Colombia has become more regressive over time, though its gap is half the size of Brazil's. Meanwhile, the distribution of school funding in Peru has changed, shifting from regressive (benefiting the richest regions) to progressive (benefiting the poorest regions). Education spending in Chile and in Ecuador have instead been consistently progressive. However, while the progressiveness of funding in Ecuador is driven by transfers targeting disadvantaged rural areas, the funding formulas in Chile address socioeconomic inequalities beyond the rural-urban gap.
- Published
- 2020
4. Bringing Managers Closer to Papers: Measuring the Relevance of Business and Management Research
- Author
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Vílchez-Román, Carlos, Vara-Horna, Arístides, and Vargas-Bianchi, Lizardo
- Abstract
This study aims to validate a data collection tool's psychometric properties to explore whether business management research's relevance is a high-order construct made up of its perceived interest and perceived relevance. The authors conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate a two-factor scale. The sample was composed of 148 MBA students from a Peruvian business school. Results showed the appropriate levels of validity and reliability and confirmed the usefulness of this data set for exploring the relationship between perceived interest and relevance. Businesses and schools can replicate the validated tool for reviewing their curricula and teaching practices, exploring the gap between business and management research results and advancing managers' research literacy and evidence-based practice in business education and training.
- Published
- 2023
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5. Equivalent Years of Schooling: A Metric to Communicate Learning Gains in Concrete Terms. Policy Research Working Paper 8752
- Author
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World Bank, Evans, David K., and Yuan, Fei
- Abstract
In the past decade, hundreds of impact evaluation studies have measured the learning outcomes of education interventions in developing countries. The impact magnitudes are often reported in terms of "standard deviations," making them difficult to communicate to policy makers beyond education specialists. This paper proposes two approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of learning interventions, one in "equivalent years of schooling" and another in the net present value of potential increased lifetime earnings. The results show that in a sample of low- and middle-income countries, one standard deviation gain in literacy skill is associated with between 4.7 and 6.8 additional years of schooling, depending on the estimation method. In other words, over the course of a business-as-usual school year, students learn between 0.15 and 0.21 standard deviation of literacy ability. Using that metric to translate the impact of interventions, a median structured pedagogy intervention increases learning by the equivalent of between 0.6 and 0.9 year of business-as-usual schooling. The results further show that even modest gains in standard deviations of learning--if sustained over time--may have sizeable impacts on individual earnings and poverty reduction, and that conversion into a non-education metric should help policy makers and non-specialists better understand the potential benefits of increased learning. [This paper is a product of the Office of the Chief Economist, Africa Region and the World Development Report 2018 Team.]
- Published
- 2019
6. Entrepreneurial Learning in TVET. Discussion Paper
- Author
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UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (Germany) and McCallum, Elin
- Abstract
As a result of its direct link to the labour market, technical and vocational education and training (TVET) plays an important role in equipping the modern workforce with in-demand skills. This discussion paper aims to inspire the introduction of entrepreneurial learning in TVET towards a fully mainstreamed approach, whereby entrepreneurial learning is integrated into the role, function and delivery of TVET systems for the benefit of all learners. The paper provides insight into the different approaches to mainstreaming entrepreneurial learning and illustrates the contribution of the key pillars that make up the entrepreneurial learning ecosystem. This is supported by a series of practical examples from TVET systems around the world, illustrating how entrepreneurial learning is being transformed into reality by governments, TVET systems, communities, networks, institutions, teachers, trainers and TVET learners. This paper explores five elements of the entrepreneurial learning ecosystem: (1) Developing policy for entrepreneurial learning; (2) Curricula and pedagogies; (3) Supporting teachers and trainers; (4) Learning modes other than formal curricula; and (5) Career paths and start-ups.
- Published
- 2019
7. Educational Gaps among Ethnic Minorities: The Case of Afro-Peruvian Girls. Echidna Global Scholars Program Paper
- Author
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Brookings Institution, Center for Universal Education and Villar-Márquez, Eliana
- Abstract
In a multicultural country like Peru, specific and disaggregated data on ethnic and racial minorities are a key resource to inform public policies about neglected populations. For decades, data on Afro-Peruvians has been both limited and inaccurate. Although there are 106 Afro-Peruvian communities, the most recent national census in October 2017 revealed that the Afro-Peruvian population consists of only 828,841 inhabitants, or 3.57 percent of the country's total. For decades, indigenous populations were considered the poorest and most vulnerable minority ethnic group in Peru. That is not always the case. Afro-Peruvian girls are either equally or more disadvantaged than their indigenous counterparts. Peru could benefit from its demographics, because 34.6 percent of its population is aged 0 to 19. However, competitiveness would require a dramatic improvement in the quality of the country's public education. Despite Peru's commitments to the Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 5, the poorest Afro-Peruvian women still have fewer years of schooling than men, which makes them less competitive in the labor market and forces them to take unskilled jobs with lower salaries and few or no benefits. This policy paper relies on a desk review and fieldwork conducted in May 2018 in the community of Yapatera, in the Piura region along the northern coast. Yapatera is a poor community with a high concentration of the Afro-descendant population, located 846 kilometers from the capital city of Lima. The fieldwork included individual interviews and small group conversations. Interview subjects were administrators, teachers, and students (girls and boys in the 4th and 5th grades) at the local public secondary school, as well as community leaders, staff at the Health Center, the Women's Emergency Center, and the police station.
- Published
- 2018
8. Early Mathematics Counts: Promising Instructional Strategies from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Occasional Paper. RTI Press Publication OP-0055-1807
- Author
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RTI International, Sitabkhan, Yasmin, and Platas, Linda M.
- Abstract
This paper examines common instructional strategies in early grade mathematics interventions through a review of studies in classrooms in low- and middle-income countries. Twenty-four studies met the criteria for inclusion, and analyses reveal four sets of instructional strategies for which there is evidence from multiple contexts. Of the 24 studies, 16 involved the use of multiple representations, 10 involved the use of developmental progressions, 6 included supporting student use of explanation and justification, and 5 included integration of informal mathematics. Based on the review, we provide conclusions and recommendations for future research and policy.
- Published
- 2018
9. What Makes a Program Good? Evidence from Short-Cycle Higher Education Programs in Five Developing Countries. Working Paper 30364
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National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Diaz, Lelys I. Dinarte, Ferreyra, Maria Marta, Urzúa, Sergio S., and Bassi, Marina
- Abstract
Short-cycle higher education programs (SCPs) can play a central role in skill development and higher education expansion, yet their quality varies greatly within and among countries. In this paper we explore the relationship between programs' practices and inputs (quality determinants) and student academic and labor market outcomes. We design and conduct a novel survey to collect program-level information on quality determinants and average outcomes for Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Peru. Categories of quality determinants include training and curriculum, infrastructure, faculty, link with productive sector, costs and funding, and other practices on student admission and institutional governance. We also collect administrative, student-level data on higher education and formal employment for SCP students in Brazil and Ecuador and match it to survey data. Using machine learning methods, we select the quality determinants that predict outcomes at the program and student levels. Estimates indicate that some quality determinants may favor academic and labor market outcomes while others may hinder them. Two practices predict improvements in all labor market outcomes in Brazil and Ecuador--teaching numerical competencies and providing job market information--and one practice--teaching numerical competencies--additionally predicts improvements in labor market outcomes for all survey countries. Since quality determinants account for 20-40 percent of the explained variation in student-level outcomes, estimates indicate a role for quality determinants to shrink the quality gap among programs. These findings have implications for the design and replication of high-quality SCPs, their regulation, and the development of information systems.
- Published
- 2022
10. The Economic Impacts of Learning Losses. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 225
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Hanushek, Eric A., and Woessmann, Ludger
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The worldwide school closures in early 2020 led to losses in learning that will not easily be made up for even if schools quickly return to their prior performance levels. These losses will have lasting economic impacts both on the affected students and on each nation unless they are effectively remediated. While the precise learning losses are not yet known, existing research suggests that the students in grades 1-12 affected by the closures might expect some 3 percent lower income over their entire lifetimes. For nations, the lower long-term growth related to such losses might yield an average of 1.5 percent lower annual GDP for the remainder of the century. These economic losses would grow if schools are unable to re-start quickly. The economic losses will be more deeply felt by disadvantaged students. All indications are that students whose families are less able to support out-of-school learning will face larger learning losses than their more advantaged peers, which in turn will translate into deeper losses of lifetime earnings. The present value of the economic losses to nations reach huge proportions. Just returning schools to where they were in 2019 will not avoid such losses. Only making them better can. While a variety of approaches might be attempted, existing research indicates that close attention to the modified re-opening of schools offers strategies that could ameliorate the losses. Specifically, with the expected increase in video-based instruction, matching the skills of the teaching force to the new range of tasks and activities could quickly move schools to heightened performance. Additionally, because the prior disruptions are likely to increase the variations in learning levels within individual classrooms, pivoting to more individualised instruction could leave all students better off as schools resume. As schools move to re-establish their programmes even as the pandemic continues, it is natural to focus considerable attention on the mechanics and logistics of safe re-opening. But the long-term economic impacts also require serious attention, because the losses already suffered demand more than the best of currently considered re-opening approaches.
- Published
- 2020
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11. [Recommendations based on the management of patients with Crohn disease in the Peruvian context. Position paper of the Association for the Study of the Intestine (ASPEIN)].
- Author
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Paredes-Méndez JE, Cedrón-Cheng HG, Cervera-Caballero LA, Franco-Vásquez RA, Vásquez-Quiroga J, Larrea-Lúcar PA, Mestanza-Rivasplata AL, García-Delgado C, Guevara-Miranda JM, and Timaná Ruíz RA
- Subjects
- Humans, Peru, Crohn Disease therapy, Crohn Disease diagnosis
- Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract whose etiology is unknown, which can transmurally affect any segment of the intestine and/or the perineal region. Worldwide, the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease has increased in recent decades, and the same upward trend can be seen in South America. At national level, there are no official data, however, the increase in the number of publications in the last 20 years confirms this upward trend. Crohn's disease is a forgotten disease and does not have implemented clinical guidelines based on evidence that contribute to clinicians in decision making. In this sense, the Peruvian Association for the Study of the Intestine considers the preparation of this document relevant and timely. clinical contextualized for Peru.
- Published
- 2024
12. Paper promises: Peruvian frontline health workers' perspectives on mental health policies during COVID-19.
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Mayo-Puchoc N, Bejarano-Carranza J, Paredes-Angeles R, Vilela-Estrada AL, García-Serna J, Cusihuaman-Lope N, Villarreal-Zegarra D, Cavero V, and Ardila-Gómez S
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- Humans, Peru, Pandemics, Communicable Disease Control, Health Policy, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
Governments globally deployed various non-pharmacological public health measures to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. lockdowns and suspension of transportation, amongst others); some of these measures had an influence on society's mental health. Specific mental health policies were therefore implemented to mitigate the potential mental health impact of the pandemic. We aimed to explore the implementation of mental health regulations adopted by the Peruvian health system by focusing on the care services at Community Mental Health Centres (CMHCs), based on the experiences of health workers. We conducted a phenomenological qualitative study to understand the implementation of mental health policies launched in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were obtained from a document review of 15 national policy measures implemented during the pandemic (March 2020 to September 2021), and 20 interviews with health workers from CMHCs (September 2021 to February 2022). The analysis was conducted using thematic content analysis. Most implemented policies adapted CMHC care services to a virtual modality during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, various challenges and barriers were evidenced in the process, which prevented effective adaptation of services. Workers perceived that ineffective telemedicine use was attributed to a gap in access to technology at the CMHCs and also by users, ranging from limited access to technological devices to a lack of technological skills. Further, although mental health promotion and prevention policies targeting the community were proposed, CMHC staff reported temporary interruption of these services during the first wave. The disparity between what is stated in the regulations and the experiences of health workers is evident. Policies that focus on mental health need to provide practical and flexible methods taking into consideration both the needs of CMHCs and socio-cultural characteristics that may affect their implementation., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.)
- Published
- 2023
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13. Science Teachers' Satisfaction: Evidence from the PISA 2015 Teacher Survey. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 168
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Mostafa, Tarek, and Pál, Judit
- Abstract
In 2015, for the first time in its history, PISA (the Programme for International Student Assessment) asked teachers to describe the various aspects of their working environment and teaching practices. This paper examines how teacher, student, and school characteristics are related to science teachers' satisfaction in 19 PISA-participating countries and economies. The findings show that the most satisfied science teachers tend to be those who are initially motivated to become teachers. The results also highlight the positive relationship between science teachers' satisfaction and teacher collaboration, good disciplinary climate in science classes, availability of school resources, and the opportunity to participate in professional-development activities.
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- 2018
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14. Teacher Compensation and Structural Inequality: Evidence from Centralized Teacher School Choice in Peru. Working Paper 29068
- Author
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National Bureau of Economic Research, Bobba, Matteo, Ederer, Tim, Leon-Ciliotta, Gianmarco, Neilson, Christopher, and Nieddu, Marco G.
- Abstract
This paper studies how increasing teacher compensation at hard-to-staff schools can reduce inequality in access to qualified teachers. Leveraging an unconditional change in the teacher compensation structure in Peru, we first show causal evidence that increasing salaries at less desirable locations attracts better quality applicants and improves student test scores. We then estimate a model of teacher preferences over local amenities, school characteristics, and wages using geocoded job postings and rich application data from the nationwide centralized teacher assignment system. Our estimated model suggests that the current policy is helpful but both inefficient and not large enough to effectively undo the inequality of initial conditions that hard-to-staff schools and their communities face. Counterfactual analyses that incorporate equilibrium sorting effects characterize alternative wage schedules and quantify the cost of reducing structural inequality in the allocation of teacher talent across schools. Overall our results show that a policy that sets compensation at each job posting using the information generated by the matching platform is more efficient and can help reduce structural inequality in access to learning opportunities. In comparison, a rigid system that ignores teacher preferences will indirectly reinforce such inequalities. [This report was funded by the AFD, the H2020-MSCA-RISE project GEMCLIME-2020 GA, the ANR, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and the Barcelona GSE Seed Grant.]
- Published
- 2021
15. Sampling is decisive to determination of Leishmania (Viannia) species.
- Author
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De los Santos, Maxy B., Loyola, Steev, Perez-Velez, Erika S., Santos, Rocio del Pilar, Ramírez, Ivonne Melissa, and Valdivia, Hugo O.
- Subjects
LEISHMANIA mexicana ,RESOURCE-limited settings ,CUTANEOUS leishmaniasis ,LEISHMANIA ,FILTER paper ,POLYMERASE chain reaction - Abstract
Background: Accuracy of molecular tools for the identification of parasites that cause human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) could largely depend on the sampling method. Non-invasive or less-invasive sampling methods such as filter paper imprints and cotton swabs are preferred over punch biopsies and lancet scrapings for detection methods of Leishmania based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) because they are painless, simple, and inexpensive, and of benefit to military and civilian patients to ensure timely treatment. However, different types of samples can generate false negatives and there is a clear need to demonstrate which sample is more proper for molecular assays. Methodology: Here, we compared the sensitivity of molecular identification of different Leishmania (Viannia) species from Peru, using three types of sampling: punch biopsy, filter paper imprint and lancet scraping. Different composite reference standards and latent class models allowed to evaluate the accuracy of the molecular tools. Additionally, a quantitative PCR assessed variations in the results and parasite load in each type of sample. Principal findings: Different composite reference standards and latent class models determined higher sensitivity when lancet scrapings were used for sampling in the identification and determination of Leishmania (Viannia) species through PCR-based assays. This was consistent for genus identification through kinetoplastid DNA-PCR and for the determination of species using FRET probes-based Nested Real-Time PCR. Lack of species identification in some samples correlated with the low intensity of the PCR electrophoretic band, which reflects the low parasite load in samples. Conclusions: The type of clinical sample can directly influence the detection and identification of Leishmania (Viannia) species. Here, we demonstrated that lancet scraping samples consistently allowed the identification of more leishmaniasis cases compared to filter paper imprints or biopsies. This procedure is inexpensive, painless, and easy to implement at the point of care and avoids the need for anesthesia, surgery, and hospitalization and therefore could be used in resource limited settings for both military and civilian populations. Author summary: Human cutaneous leishmaniasis affects low-income populations living in places far from health services. The early sampling and detection of the parasite are necessary for timely treatment, however there are no uniform sampling criteria, thus the sensitivity of molecular tests may vary due to various factors such as the type of sample, the time of the disease and the parasite load in the lesion. In this study, we compared the performance of three sampling methods for molecular identification of the genus and Leishmania (Viannia) species in Peru. Several analytical methods, including composite reference standards and latent class models, suggested that lancet scraping might be the best approach for parasite genus detection by kDNA-PCR and for parasite species determination by FRET probes-based Nested Real-Time PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Sung with Ink and Paper: Nicomedes Santa Cruz and the African Strand in Peru
- Author
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De Swanson, Rosario
- Abstract
The poem "Ritmos negros del Perú" by Afro-Peruvian writer Nicomedes Santa Cruz recovers Afro-Peruvian history and agency through the retelling of the journey of a mythical grandmother. Through the retelling of her story, the poet claims blackness and African roots as pillars of Peruvian culture. In so doing, Santa Cruz opens the door not only for the recognition of Afro-Peruvians as people whose history and struggles, though unacknowledged, have contributed so much to Peruvian culture and society, but also for the decolonization of Peruvian history and culture.
- Published
- 2017
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17. SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCTS: PAPER MILLS IN PERU.
- Author
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Mayta-Tristán, Percy and Borja-García, Ruben
- Subjects
- *
PAPER mills , *SCIENCE databases , *TEACHERS , *STUDENTS , *MANUSCRIPTS - Published
- 2022
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18. Publication rate and factors associated with the publication of papers submitted to the National Scientific Congresses held by the Peruvian Medical Student Scientific Society between 2010 and 2014.
- Author
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Aquino-Canchari, Christian, Guillen-Macedo, Karla, Gómez-Mamani, Yonatan, and Alarco, Juan Jhonnel
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MEDICAL students ,STUDENT organizations ,BIVARIATE analysis ,MANN Whitney U Test ,POISSON regression - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. CALL FOR PAPERS: THE GAME, A GAMIFIED TOOL FOR TEACHING SCIENTIFIC WRITING IN ENGINEERING STUDENTS.
- Author
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NÚÑEZ-PACHECO, ROSA, VIDAL, ELIZABETH, TURPO-GEBERA, OSBALDO, and CASTRO-GUTIÉRREZ, EVELING
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TECHNICAL writing ,TECHNICAL writing education ,ENGINEERING students ,CONVENIENCE sampling (Statistics) ,GAMIFICATION ,USER experience ,TRAINING of engineers - Abstract
This paper presents the evaluation of the alpha version of a gamified tool called Call for Papers: The Game (CfP:TG), specially designed for teaching scientific writing in the training of future engineers. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was carried out with the participation of engineering students from a Peruvian public university. The short version of the user experience questionnaire (UEQ) was applied, and usability was qualitatively evaluated. The main results indicate that the Pragmatic Quality of CfP:TG is in the neutral range with a value of 0.729, and the Hedonic Quality receives a positive evaluation with a value of 1.089. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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20. PCR performance for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania viannia complex using biopsy samples, compared with exudate samples from skin lesions on filter paper.
- Author
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Apaza-Castillo YG, Aguilar-Ancori EG, Quispe-Flórez MM, Ramírez-Soto MC, and Pacheco-Venero RL
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- DNA, Protozoan, Exudates and Transudates, Humans, Leishmania classification, Peru, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skin pathology, Biopsy, Leishmania genetics, Leishmania isolation & purification, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous diagnosis, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Skin Ulcer parasitology
- Abstract
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is generally diagnosed by molecular methods, including PCR, using biopsy samples, skin scrapings and clinical exudates. In this study, we assessed the PCR performance for diagnosis of CL using skin of biopsy samples vs PCR of skin lesion exudate samples on filter paper and compared the diagnostic concordance of PCR using both sampling methods., Methods: We assessed the PCR performance using 80 skin biopsy samples and 80 filter paper samples containing exudates from skin lesions obtained from 74 patients with clinical suspicion of CL in Cusco, Peru., Results: : PCR using skin biopsy samples had superior diagnostic accuracy compared with filter paper PCR (62.5% [50/80] vs 38.7% [31/80], respectively; p˂0.005) and the diagnostic concordance between both sampling methods was 'moderate' (kappa coefficient=0.50, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.0)., Conclusions: PCR using biopsy samples remains the standard for diagnosis of CL., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)
- Published
- 2020
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21. Publicación de artículos científicos por asesores de tesis de una Facultad de Medicina.
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Alarcon-Ruiz, Christoper A. and Quezada, Maria A.
- Subjects
- *
ACADEMIC dissertations , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL schools , *MEDICAL school faculty , *MEDLINE , *PUBLISHING , *PRIVATE sector , *CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Objectives: To determine the frequency of publication of scientific articles by thesis advisors of the School of Medicine of a private University in Lima, Peru. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. We search for papers using Google Scholar, Medline, and Scopus. The frequencies and percentages of the variables were calculated. Results: Out of 19 advisors, 63% of them had ever published an article in their life, and 53% had ever published an original article. 26% and 21% have published an original paper in Scopus and Medline in the last five years, respectively; while only 5% published an original article during the previous two years in those databases. Just one teacher (5.3%) was registered in REGINA. Conclusions: The publication rate in recent years of the thesis advisers of a School of Medicine of a private University of Lima is poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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22. Papers y documentos de trabajo.
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RURAL health ,COMMUNITY involvement ,PUBLIC health ,PANDEMICS ,COVID-19 ,QUARANTINE ,RURAL sociology - Abstract
Copyright of Politai. Revista de Ciencia Política is the property of Asociacion Civil Politai and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
23. Paper Works: Contested Resource Histories in Peru’s Huascarán National Park.
- Author
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Rasmussen, Mattias Borg
- Subjects
- *
CONSERVATION of natural resources , *TERRITORIALITY (Zoology) , *COMMUNITY organization ,PARQUE Nacional Huascaran (Peru) - Abstract
Summary Resource histories determine how particular parts of the environment come to be defined as valuable. As elsewhere, protected areas in Latin America link the governance of people, territory, and resources by reinterpreting and reclassifying practices and environments. Set in highland Peru, the article focuses on how such revisions imply contestation of both history and future. It explores particular modes of claiming space through an archeology of the claims to knowledge and legitimacy put forward by a national park and a campesino community, respectively. Claims to space entwine with social struggles about local development where territorial claims are based on different notions of history and interpretations of the esthetic and productive values of the landscape. While the park officials navigate interests of conservation, tourism, and extraction, the campesino community mobilizes a different set of values and interests based on their historical occupation of the territories. These processes of contestation over authority and legitimacy highlight different views on the role of landscapes in the history and progress of local communities. Conservation may not only dispossess people of their land and natural resources, but also of labor and territorial sovereignty. This case shows how an Andean campesino community counters such movements by a wide repertoire of legal and social actions that works simultaneously in legal and extra-legal domains. Paper works mediate claims to territorial sovereignty, people, and resources. These claims involve contestations over interpretations of history which, besides their oral forms, materialize in paperwork such as official communications, community records, and cadastral maps, as well as in visual representations, internal statutes, and deliberate history writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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24. [Bibliometric analysis of papers published in revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud pública, 2010-2017].
- Author
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Romaní F and Cabezas C
- Subjects
- Periodicals as Topic trends, Peru, Publishing trends, Time Factors, Bibliometrics, Biomedical Research, Periodicals as Topic statistics & numerical data, Public Health, Publishing statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objectives: To characterize, by means of bibliometric indicators, the scientific publications of the Peruvian Experimental Medicine and Public Health Journal, 2010-2017., Materials and Methods: A bibliometric study in which the publications were retrieved from the data base of Scopus. The bibliometric production indicators were: number of publications per year and type of publication. Brief original and original articles were considered as units of analysis based on number of authors, institutional affiliation, and country of corresponding author, type of research and study design. The impact indicators were: number of citations by publication according to Scopus, metric of impact, such as CiteScore, Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR), and SciELO Public Health., Results: A total of 1,045 publications were made by the RPMESP: 40.1% of publications corresponded to original articles and original briefs; 1,837 authors contributed with these publications; 134 institutional affiliations were declared by the corresponding authors; 48,0% were research works on determinants of a health problem; on the other hand, 90.5% corresponded to observational studies. The publications analyzed received 945 citations, of which 78.5% were for publications for the 2010-2013 period., Conclusions: Four of ten publications of the RPMESP correspond to brief original or original articles. According to diverse formulas of calculation, the impact metric of the RPMESP shows an ascending trend; however, their magnitude is lower versus other regional journals.
- Published
- 2018
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25. PHYSICOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF SOIL WITH CONVENTIONAL RICE (Oriza sativa L.) MANAGEMENT UNDER IRRIGATION.
- Author
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Trigoso-Becerril, Daniel, Florida-Rofner, Nelino, and Rengifo-Rojas, Alex
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IRRIGATION management ,ORGANIC farming ,CROP residues ,SOILS ,RICE ,SECONDARY forests ,INDICATORS & test-papers - Abstract
Copyright of La Granja, de Ciencias de la Vida is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Efecto a largo plazo del pastoreo rotacional en Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandú sobre indicadores de calidad del suelo.
- Author
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ROFNER, NELINO FLORIDA, PRINCIPE, ROBER MILER ABAD, RENGIFO-ROJAS, ALEX, and CIPRIANO, JAVIER NAZAR
- Subjects
RANGE management ,ROTATIONAL grazing ,SECONDARY forests ,INDICATORS & test-papers ,PASTURE management ,SOIL compaction ,ALUMINUM-magnesium alloys ,NITROGEN in soils ,GRASSLAND soils - Abstract
Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. School Leadership in Latin America 2000-2016
- Author
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Flessa, Joseph, Bramwell, Daniela, Fernandez, Magdalena, and Weinstein, José
- Abstract
School site leadership has commanded the attention of researchers and policymakers in Anglo-American jurisdictions for at least two decades, but little is known about how many other parts of the globe have addressed this topic. This paper reviews published research and policy documents related to school leadership in Latin America between 2000-2016. Applying rapid mapping techniques used for scoping studies, we review 359 research and policy documents and give "coherent, meaningful shape" to what we know and what we don't know about school leadership in the region. Attention in research and policy to school leadership in Latin America was relatively slow to arrive: whilst it grew steadily in the first decade of this century it remains low compared to other regions of the world. We provide an overview of the school leadership policy environment in several countries, describing recruitment, selection, evaluation, and job responsibilities of principals; relevant leadership frameworks; and requirements for training or professional development. We speculate on what might explain the diverse ways that school leadership has been taken up in the region: degree of school system centralization; policy borrowing; stage of development; technocratic problem solving; and neoliberal accountability.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Why does capitalism feel so right? Ethical imaginaries of prison labour and sisterhood solidarity.
- Author
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Richey, Lisa Ann
- Subjects
CAPITALISM ,CONSUMER ethics ,SOLIDARITY ,PRISONS ,CONSUMERS ,LUXURY goods industry - Abstract
Humanitarian logics enable the unfree labour of racialized capitalism by making visible the beneficence of those who profit. Understanding the structure of feelings undergirding these imaginaries will help us to recognize why capitalism feels so right. This paper theorizes from the case of the Made in Prison company selling luxury clothing under the brand, Carcel, to explain how linking consumption with 'helping' remakes exploitation into gendered solidarity. Combining ethnography in Peru, political economy and narrative analysis, the paper explores how prison-produced fashion is made 'ethical' through intimization of the relationship between feminine labourers and their 'sister' consumers. The paper does two things: (1) it charts how the imaginary of commodifying compassion works through three movements around the company, products and workers of Carcel and (2) it argues that love and sisterly solidarity connect the company, workers and products in ways that are then commodified for profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Hegemon or South-South partner? The ambiguity of Chinese foreign direct investment in Peru.
- Author
-
Da Gama, Francisca and Bui, Kim
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,AMBIGUITY ,KNOWLEDGE transfer ,EMERGING industries - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for evaluating the relationship between China and Peru, drawing on dependency theory, against the backdrop of China's explicit policies towards foreign direct investment. It seeks to transcend traditional interpretations of this relationship in the literature that focuses on China as either hegemon or a South–South partner to Latin American countries to highlight a more nuanced relationship. Design/methodology/approach: The paper adopts a case study approach, focusing on China in Peru. The authors examine three areas of traditional, strategic and emerging industries drawing from Chinese national policies, reviewing these against characteristics of dependency: control of production, heterogeneity of actors, transfer of knowledge and delinking. Findings: The authors find that Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) in Peru demonstrates mixed motives and collectively operates as an ambiguous player. Chinese firms appear to be willing to work with various actors, but this engagement does not translate into a decolonial development alternative in the absence of a Peruvian political will to delink and Chinese willingness to actively transfer control of production and knowledge. Originality/value: This paper contributes to existing literature on China in Latin America by evaluating Chinese outward FDI in Peru against China's strategic aims in terms of a re-evaluation of dependency theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Emerging market multinationals' embeddedness in Global South countries: an empirical study of Chinese MNEs in Peru.
- Author
-
Mazé, Dominique, Alcaraz, Jorge, and Buitrago R., Ricardo E.
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,EMERGING markets ,GRASSROOTS movements ,CHINA studies ,BARGAINING power - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to investigate how emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) are integrating and expanding into other emerging market host countries, focusing on Chinese mining companies in Peru. Design/methodology/approach: Adopting a qualitative approach, an in-depth analysis of two Chinese state-owned enterprises' strategies was conducted, building on stakeholder theory and the business ecosystem perspective. Findings: This study reveals a reliance on high-level political lobbying rather than localized engagement strategies. However, findings point to increasing grassroots resistance among local stakeholders, undermining EMNEs' bargaining power. Originality/value: This paper argues for a paradigm shift toward inclusive, cooperative "translocal governance" approaches as empowered communities gain voice. Key contributions include advancing theoretical understanding of changing stakeholder relationships and power configurations in emerging countries, underscoring the rising significance of microlevel sociocultural embeddedness for MNE success and highlighting practical imperatives for EMNEs to embark on rapid localization strategies in Latin America. By elucidating multilayered integration realities in Peru, this interdisciplinary study yields contextualized insights and enriches perspective on the conditions and pathways for EMNEs to build sustainability in Global South emerging market environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. El Niño without 'El Niño'? Path dependency and the definition problem in El Niño Southern Oscillation research.
- Author
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Adamson, George
- Subjects
EL Nino ,INTERNATIONAL economic assistance ,LA Nina - Abstract
The El Niño phenomenon – and its associated phenomena El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and La Niña – have become probably the most well-known forms of natural climatic variability. El Niño forecasts underpin regional Climate Outlook Forums in many parts of the world. The declaration of El Niño conditions can unlock development aid money and El Niño events commonly receive widespread media coverage. Yet 'El Niño' has not always meant what it does today. The name was originally applied to an annually-occurring ocean current that affected northern Peru and Ecuador, so called because it arrived at Christmas (the Christ Child). The transition in meaning to a complex global phenomenon was related as much to commercial and geopolitical priorities as to the oceanic and atmospheric observations that underpin theories of El Niño dynamics. In this paper, I argue that scientific conceptualisations of El Niño are an example of path dependency. Badging ocean-atmosphere variability as 'El Niño' is unnecessary either for the advancement of science or effective disaster risk reduction; in fact, current definitions are confusing and can create problems in preparing for El Niño-related hazards, as occurred with the 2017 'coastal' El Niño in Peru. This paper outlines the historical processes that led to the current conceptualisations of El Niño and suggests an alternative way of understanding ocean-atmosphere dynamics in the Pacific and beyond. It then considers the implications of this path-dependency on El Niño's ontological politics; that is, who gets to define El Niño, and to what end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Impacto sobre indicadores físicos y químicos del suelo con manejo convencional de coca y cacao.
- Author
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Celis-Tarazona, Ronald, Florida-Rofner, Nelino, and Rengifo-Rojas, Alex
- Subjects
SECONDARY forests ,INDICATORS & test-papers ,CACAO ,CROP management ,SURFACE resistance ,POTASSIUM ,CARBON in soils ,CACAO beans - Abstract
Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
33. The Best Article Award 2019 of the Society of Resource Geology was presented to Y. Suzuki and K. Hayashi for the following paper: Mineralogy, Fluid Inclusions, and Sulfur Isotopes of the Huanzala Deposits, Peru: Early Skarn and Late Polymetallic Replacement Style Mineralizations. Resource Geology, 69(3), 249‐269
- Author
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Watanabe, Yasushi
- Subjects
SULFUR isotopes ,FLUID inclusions ,GOLD ores ,GEOLOGY ,SKARN ,MINERALOGY - Abstract
Replacement Style Mineralizations. The paper presents occurrence and chemistry of ore and gangue minerals, results of fluid inclusion microthermometry and sulfur isotopes, and discussed the evolution of mineralizing fluids. The polymetallic mineralization was divided into two stages; the early Cu-Zn-(Pb) and late Cu-Zn-Pb-(Mn) mineralization stages, which are associated with a granodioritic porphyry stock and quartz porphyry sills, respectively. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Spatial analysis for water supply in seismic emergencies: the Lima-Callao metropolitan area.
- Author
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Santa-Cruz, Sandra, de Córdova, Graciela Fernández, Vilela, Marta, Pajuelo, José, Santa-María, María, Muñoz, Kevin, Najjar, Mohammad K., and Chettri, Nimesh
- Subjects
METROPOLITAN areas ,WATER supply ,WATER analysis ,PUBLIC spaces ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,SOCIAL impact - Abstract
Introduction: In urban areas exposed to high-magnitude earthquakes, the drinking water supply would be severely damaged, and domestic services would be disrupted for a large part of the population in the event of an earthquake. The Lima-Callao metropolitan area in Peru, South America, is expected to experience an 8.8 Mw earthquake, and it is estimated that approximately 90% of the population would not have immediate access to emergency water in the case of such an event. The main objective of this paper is to define criteria for a spatial analysis method to guide the design criteria for an Emergency Water Supply System (EWaSS). Methods: This paper combines territorial, urban resilience and participatory approaches and presents the results of an interdisciplinary research with social impact. Thus, it examines the urban territory at macro-, meso- and micro scales; physical-spatial variables indicating risk levels and possible public spaces to implement the system; and socio-spatial variables regarding the population, risk perception and participation in management to strengthen urban resilience. Normative tools and the Geographic Information System are used to spatialize and systematize quantitative and qualitative information. Results and discussion: The EWaSS is an alternative for safe water supply in a post-disaster situation that would provide immediate and autonomous operation during the first 72 h of the emergency. The results show the physical-spatial and social viability of urbanized areas and the system design criteria that guide local actors in making decisions at the three levels of emergency management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Illicit crops in the frontier margins: Amazonian indigenous livelihoods and the expansion of coca in Peru.
- Author
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Paredes, Maritza and Pastor, Alvaro
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS peoples of South America ,RISK of violence ,LANDFORMS ,POWER (Social sciences) ,CROPS ,FOOD security ,SOCIOHISTORICAL analysis - Abstract
This paper explores illegal coca crop expansion in indigenous Amazonian communities in Peru. The ethnographic study sheds light on the historical development of these areas as frontier spaces, where the growth of illicit crops intertwines with socio-ecological transformations and gives rise to conflicts over new forms of land control, opportunities for capital accumulation, and political power dynamics. The paper argues that this expansion is shaped by dual processes: from 'below,' involving small-scale migrant farmers from the Andes, and from 'above,' primarily driven by state-led agrarian interventions. Consequently, communities experience significant tensions, as they adapt to the forces of market expansion to secure their livelihoods, while simultaneously facing risks of violence and insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Politicizing science vs. technicalizing politics: A comparative study of Kastelli Heraklion International Airport, Greece and Chinchero Cusco International Airport, Peru.
- Author
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Parthenis, Spyridon, Moira, Polyxeni, and Mylonopoulos, Dimitrios
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL airports ,COMPARATIVE government ,REGIONAL development ,INTERNATIONAL tourism ,TOURISM websites ,ECONOMIC expansion ,TOURIST attitudes - Abstract
Copyright of Dos Algarves: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal is the property of Dos Algarves: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Introducing environmental decision‐making criteria to foster Green Public Procurement in Peru.
- Author
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Biberos‐Bendezú, Karen, Cárdenas, Úrsula, Kahhat, Ramzy, and Vázquez‐Rowe, Ian
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT purchasing ,EMISSION inventories ,MELAMINE ,PRODUCT life cycle assessment ,ADAPTIVE natural resource management ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Governments in the Global South have recently started to align their public procurement regulations considering Green Public Procurement (GPP) guidelines to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 12. In this context, it is important to establish environmental criteria to help decision making after analyzing the variety of options available in the market. Thus, using as examples two of the most acquired products in public procurement in Peru: Medium‐density particleboard melamine furniture and paper offset, the aim of this paper is to determine the main environmental hotspots and therefore show the path to foster GPP in Peru. To achieve this goal, a Life Cycle Assessment was carried out considering it is a suitable environmental management tool to quantify environmental impacts. For this, a set of scenarios were modeled and compared for each of the two products selected, covering different geographical and technological options that are currently purchased by the Peruvian government. Results demonstrated that it is possible to attain considerable reductions in the environmental impact of the products analyzed if the main critical stages throughout their life cycle are identified and adequate solutions are applied to avoid burden shifting. Moreover, we argue that it is important for developing countries to carry out case‐specific life‐cycle inventories as they provide higher‐quality information based on the particular characteristics of regional or local industries, allowing the determination of more realistic environmental impact mitigation benchmarks. Nevertheless, the inclusion of lifecycle‐based criteria in GPP must be performed cautiously, avoiding command and control regulations, as numerous challenges remain in terms of capacity building, environmental awareness, and environmental information, and transparency in emerging and developing economies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1206–1220. © 2021 SETAC Key Points: Latin American governments are currently aligning their public procurement regulations with Green Public Procurement (GPP) guidelines to comply with international environmental recommendations, such as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or nationally determined contributions (NDCs).Considering that these nations struggle to develop empirical data to support GPP initiatives, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is presented as an attractive environmental management tool to quantify environmental impacts and orient GPP regulations.Two of the most acquired public procurement products in Peru, melamine furniture and paper offset, were evaluated using LCA to identify environmental hotspots, the sensitivity of the results through scenario analysis, and improvement actions to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts.Despite the existing challenges linked to building environmental information in Peru, case‐specific life‐cycle inventories for regional industries have proved to allow the determination of realistic environmental impact mitigation benchmarks to include in GPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. XRF elemental analysis of inks in South American manuscripts from 1779 to 1825.
- Author
-
Luízar Obregón, Celina, Zamalloa Jara, Marco A., Rojas Arizapana, Flor L., Chura Huayllani, Yuri J., Gonzales Bellido, Janet F., and Olivera Olivera, Jorge
- Subjects
ELEMENTAL analysis ,X-ray fluorescence ,X-ray spectrometers ,CHEMICAL detectors ,TRACE elements ,MANUSCRIPTS ,EIGHTEENTH century - Abstract
The Regional Archive of Cusco in Peru guards valuable history collections with exceptional regional and international value dating from the sixteenth century to the present. Historical manuscripts are part of the identity of all people; they constitute a tangible cultural heritage that must be studied, valued, and protected. In this sense, the objective of this research was to identify the chemical compositions of inks and paper, with the goals of setting the background of their originality, identifying relationships between them, and glimpsing antecedents that generated degradation due to the compositions of the inks. This study is the first of its kind in Peru and reveals the chemical elements present in the writing ink, the seal, and the paper of five documents from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Duplicate in situ nondestructive analyses were carried out using a hand-held X-ray fluorescence spectrometer under ambient conditions in soil mode, configured with three sequential shots, and energies from zero to 40, 40, and 15 keV, respectively. The elements S and Fe were present as components of iron gall inks. Cu and Zn were less abundant; probably, they provided less corrosion and more color intensity to the inks. The minor elements Pb, As, and especially Ag in all manuscripts differentiate them from European inks of the same period. Additionally, the five documents reflect the same elemental compositions but with different concentrations. This could mean that writers used local raw materials and Spanish ink recipes. Finally, the analyses of standard reference material, SRM 1646a and SRM 196b, gave results with acceptable precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Suppliers' entry, upgrading, and innovation in mining GVCs: lessons from Argentina, Brazil, and Peru.
- Author
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Pietrobelli, Carlo, Olvera, Beatriz Calzada, Iizuka, Michiko, and Mazzi, Caio Torres
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) ,COPPER ores ,VALUE chains ,COPPER ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,SUPPLIERS ,PATENT law - Abstract
This paper studies whether the mining sector can represent a true engine of growth for selected Latin American countries through the suppliers' entry and upgrading within mining value chains. We start by using international trade data to study where mining value is added and how rents are distributed across countries. Despite their importance in the production and exports of copper ores and concentrate, the participation of the selected Latin American countries in copper value chains is still confined to the upstream segment. Moreover, their share of innovation relevant for the sector remains very limited, although new data on patenting and publications show that the sector is becoming increasingly innovative worldwide. Then, we use new microeconomic evidence from case-studies in Latin America to explore the specific opportunities and obstacles faced by mining suppliers in entering the value chain and upgrading within it, and how the regulatory and innovation systems have influenced this process. We show that barriers related to the contractual practices, lead firms' attitudes, and the hierarchical industrial organization of the sector, coupled with the countries' weaknesses in local innovation and regulatory systems, have been contributing to hamper suppliers' entry into mining value chains and upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Innovation and competitiveness in the copper-mining GVC: developing local suppliers in Peru.
- Author
-
Bamber, Penny, Fernandez-Stark, Karina, and Molina, Oswaldo
- Subjects
GLOBAL value chains ,SUPPLIERS ,COPPER ,SEMI-structured interviews - Abstract
Although Peru is one of the main producers of copper worldwide, the domestic industry has not yet fully taken advantage of the potential that the exploitation of this commodity offers. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges that Peruvian suppliers face in their insertion into the mining global value chain. Our analysis is based on a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative primary and secondary sources, including semi-structured interviews with key actors in the Peruvian mining sector. Our findings suggest that the weak presence of Peruvian suppliers in a sector dominated by few foreign firms is due to global industry dynamics as well as the underdeveloped capabilities of local firms operating in a fragile local institutional setting. However, their opportunities for their insertion are primarily in areas where new solutions are required, which places a demand on the supplier's innovative capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Microbiological indicators of tropical soils quality in ecosystems of the north-east area of Peru.
- Author
-
Valdez-Nuñez, Renzo Alfredo, Rojas-García, José Carlos, and Ríos-Ruiz, Winston Franz
- Subjects
SOIL quality ,MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics) ,MICROORGANISM populations ,ECOSYSTEMS ,INDICATORS & test-papers - Abstract
Tropical soils withstand heavy pressure due to deforestation as a result of the change in land use, decreasing their quality. Traditionally, the quality of soil has been based on physical and chemical indicators; however, the biological ones can predict variations in the quality, in an early and effective way. In this research, the microbiological quality of soils from two ecosystems was evaluated, one from the Cumbaza Sub-Basin (CSB) and the other from Degraded Pastures at Cuñumbuque (DPC), both in San Martín, Peru. The physicochemical characteristics were studied and the microbial populations of Total Bacteria (TB), Sporulated Bacteria (SB), Total Fungi (TF), Actinobacteria (ACT), and parameters of microbial activity such as Basal Respiration (BR), Microbial Biomass (MB), Metabolic Quotient (qCO2) and Microbial Quotient (qMIC). According to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the soils of the CSB had on average a lower biological quality compared to the DPC soils. The PCA discriminated that the microbial populations of TB, SB, ACT and MB represented effective microbiological indicators to evaluate the quality of the soils, in this respect the soils of Shapumba, Chontal, Aucaloma and Vista Alegre are degraded and require the application of new technologies and public policies for their recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Introduction - Multi-stakeholder forums and the promise of more equitable and sustainable land and resource use: perspectives from Brazil, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Peru.
- Author
-
BARLETTI, J. P. SARMIENTO and LARSON, A. M.
- Subjects
LAND resource ,LAND use ,FORUMS ,SUSTAINABILITY ,FORESTS & forestry ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Centralized injustices: understanding energy resilience in times of disruption in low-income settlements in Peru.
- Author
-
Lambert, Rita, Tomei, Julia, Escalante Estrada, Carlos, and De Los Rios, Silvia
- Subjects
POOR communities ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SHARING economy ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
What happens once people have electricity has received far less analytical and policy attention than the provision of the infrastructure itself. For low-income settlements that have gained a connection to the grid, energy access challenges can still prevail, keeping many inhabitants in energy poverty. This paper analyses energy practices in three low-income neighbourhoods in Lima, Peru, with particular attention to inhabitants' responses in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, it seeks to draw lessons for energy policy and planning to enhance energy resilience in the transition towards more just and sustainable futures. Building on energy resilience scholarship and drawing links with justice debates, this paper discusses three community coping strategies: (1) fuel stacking; (2) collective practices and the shared economy; and (3) material and spatial changes. It analyses how these strategies relate to dominant policy directions, as well as their implications for energy resilience and justice more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Miscegenation of Andean and Spanish Construction Techniques on the Search for an Earthquake-Resistant Architecture in the Viceroyalty of Peru.
- Author
-
Hurtado-Valdez, Pedro
- Subjects
EFFECT of earthquakes on buildings ,EARTHQUAKE damage ,EIGHTEENTH century ,SEVENTEENTH century - Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate the fusion between pre-Hispanic and Spanish construction elements during the 17th and 18th centuries to obtain a seismic-resistant architecture in the Viceroyalty of Peru. To this end, surveys of buildings constructed mainly in the coastal areas have been conducted to describe their main construction characteristics, relating them to ancient documents could attest to an earthquake-resistant evolution, as well as studies of its structural behavior. The list of criteria and analysis of seismic resistance shown in this paper evinces that the master builders developed a structural proposal, because of the experience and careful observation of the damages produced by the earthquakes in the buildings, until materializing a construction procedure with proportions and techniques that had demonstrated their functioning in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Cambiar algo para que nada cambie. La reforma decorativa de las elecciones primarias obligatorias en Perú.
- Author
-
Santoro, Ignacio
- Subjects
LEGISLATIVE sessions ,PRIMARIES ,POLITICAL systems ,POLITICAL parties ,ELECTIONS - Abstract
Copyright of Colombia Internacional is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Discharge Coefficients of Standard Spillways at High Altitudes.
- Author
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Rendón, Víctor, Sánchez-Juny, Martí, Estrella, Soledad, Sanz-Ramos, Marcos, Rucano, Percy, and Huarca Pulcha, Alan
- Subjects
DISCHARGE coefficient ,SPILLWAYS ,ALTITUDES ,SEA level ,ATMOSPHERIC pressure - Abstract
This paper presents an experimental campaign conducted next to the Condoroma dam, in Perú, at 4075 m a.s.l. The tests carried out in this paper were conducted in a 21 m long channel located at the toe of Condoroma dam. The setup consisted of a series of standard profile spillways with a vertical upstream face of up to five different dimensionless heights (P/H
d ) ranging from 0.5 to 2. The experimental results indicated that, the P/Hd ratio influences the discharge coefficients in Condoroma, and P/Hd ≥ 1 values are recommended for the design of the spillway profile. In addition, for all the P/Hd ratios studied, the discharge coefficients adjusted to the Condoroma altitude were lower than those reported by classical formulations used in conventional spillway designs. Finally, a generalized equation is proposed to estimate the discharge coefficient for standard spillways located in dams at similar elevations above sea level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. IoT Control and Visualization System with Digital Twins and Augmented Reality in a Digital Transformation Space.
- Author
-
Yauri, Ricardo and Mallqui, Gerson
- Subjects
DIGITAL transformation ,DIGITAL twins ,DIGITAL control systems ,AUGMENTED reality ,INTERNET of things ,DIGITAL technology - Abstract
This paper describes the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, digital twins (DT), and augmented reality (AR) to raise awareness and disseminate the use of digital services within the INICTEL-UNI institutional project financed by the Inter-American Development Bank to strengthen technological services and satisfy the technological needs of companies, promoting digital transformation in Peru. Within various fields, such as technical education, construction, and manufacturing, challenges are faced related to the adoption of advanced technologies and the need to improve efficiency. The main objective of this paper is to implement an IoT control and visualization system with DT and AR in a digital transformation space. A system is shown to create a technological demonstrator environment that visualizes and monitors sensor data on physical IoT devices in real time, allowing users to interact and operate them through an ESP32 module with data transmission with the MQTT protocol and an AR application developed in Unity and Vuforia. The study results successfully demonstrated the efficiency of real-time communication between the IoT device and the AR application, as well as the efficient ability to perform tasks, validated by users with no prior experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Not in it for the money: Meaningful relationships sustain voluntary land conservation initiatives in Peru.
- Author
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López de la Lama, Rocío, Bennett, Nathan, Bulkan, Janette, de la Puente, Santiago, and Chan, Kai M. A.
- Subjects
CONSERVATION easements ,NATURE reserves ,PROTECTED areas ,SEMI-structured interviews ,HUMAN beings ,PERIODICAL articles - Abstract
Copyright of People & Nature is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Mapping food system drivers of the double burden of malnutrition using community-based system dynamics: a case study in Peru.
- Author
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Quinteros-Reyes, Carmen, Seferidi, Paraskevi, Guzman-Abello, Laura, Millett, Christopher, Bernabé-Ortiz, Antonio, and Ballard, Ellis
- Subjects
MALNUTRITION ,COMMUNITY-based participatory research ,FOOD quality ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Background: Peru is facing a double burden of malnutrition (DBM), characterized by the co-existence of undernutrition and overnutrition. Double-duty actions that concurrently target common drivers of undernutrition and overnutrition, while ensuring no unintended side effects, are recommended to effectively address the DBM. To understand these complex common mechanisms and design context-specific double-duty actions, there is a need for participatory systems approaches. This paper provides a case study of applying a community-based system dynamics approach to capture stakeholder perspectives of food system drivers of the DBM in two regions in Peru. Methods: We implemented a multi-stage community-based system dynamics approach, which included processes for research capacity building for systems approaches, and the designing, piloting, and implementation of stakeholder workshops. A total of 36 stakeholders, representing diverse perspectives, participated in five group model building workshops. Stakeholder views are presented in a causal loop diagram that showcases the feedback mechanisms between key food system drivers of overweight and stunting in Peru. Results: The causal loop diagram highlights that prioritization of undernutrition over overnutrition in the policymaking process, due to Peru's historically high levels of undernutrition, may undermine action against the DBM. It also describes potential mechanisms of unintended impacts of undernutrition policies on the DBM in Peru, including impacts related to within-family distribution and quality of food provided through food assistance programs, and unintended impacts due to regional dynamics. Conclusions: This paper highlights the importance of a participatory approach to understand local needs and priorities when recommending double-duty actions in Peru and shares practical methodological guidance on applying participatory systems approaches in public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Catholic Church in Fragile Democracies: An Influencer, a Moral Guide, or a Judge? A Case Study from the Peruvian Catholic Church.
- Author
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Piccone-Camere, Carlos and Lecaros, Véronique
- Subjects
JUDGES ,RELIGIOUS institutions ,SERMON (Literary form) ,VALUES (Ethics) ,DEMOCRACY ,LIBERATION theology ,RELIGION & politics - Abstract
This paper navigates the complex roles that the Catholic Church assumes in fragile democracies, exploring whether it functions as an influencer, a moral guide, or a judge in shaping public policies and societal values using the Peruvian context as a focal reference. The authors begin by providing an overview of the global religious landscape, highlighting the diverse and polarized trends within the ecclesial institution. In the second part of this paper, this study delves into the homilies of two influential Peruvian prelates, Mgr. Cipriani and Mgr. Castillo, representing opposing theological currents within the Catholic Church, offering a pertinent exploration of how religious institutions engage with evolving international and local trends in the context of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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