6,189 results
Search Results
2. Commentary on the EMA Reflection Paper on the use of extrapolation in the development of medicines for paediatrics.
- Author
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Ollivier, Cécile, Thomson, Andrew, Manolis, Efthymios, Blake, Kevin, Karlsson, Kristin E., Knibbe, Catherijne A.J., Pons, Gérard, and Hemmings, Robert
- Subjects
- *
DRUG development , *PEDIATRICS , *PHARMACOKINETICS , *PHARMACEUTICAL policy - Abstract
Adopted guidelines reflect a harmonised European approach to a specific scientific issue and should reflect the most recent scientific knowledge. However, whilst EU regulations are mandatory for all member states and EU directives must be followed by national laws in line with the directive, EMA guidelines do not have legal force and alternative approaches may be taken, but these obviously require more justification. This new series of the BJCP, developed in collaboration with the EMA, aims to address this issue by providing an annotated version of some relevant EMA guidelines and regulatory documents by experts. Hopefully, this will help in promoting their diffusion and in opening a forum for discussion with our readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. ECJ Judges read the morning papers. Explaining the turnaround of European citizenship jurisprudence.
- Author
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Blauberger, Michael, Heindlmaier, Anita, Kramer, Dion, Martinsen, Dorte Sindbjerg, Sampson Thierry, Jessica, Schenk, Angelika, and Werner, Benjamin
- Subjects
- *
EUROPEAN Union citizenship , *JURISPRUDENCE , *JUDICIAL independence , *LEGAL status of citizens - Abstract
Recent jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) marks a striking shift towards a more restrictive interpretation of EU citizens’ rights. The Court's turnaround is not only highly relevant for practical debates about ‘Social Europe’ or ‘welfare migration’, but also enlightening from a more general, theoretical viewpoint. Several recent studies on the ECJ have argued that the Court is largely constrained by member state governments’ threats of legislative override and non-compliance. We show that an additional mechanism is necessary to explain the Court's turnaround on citizenship. While the ECJ extended EU citizens’ rights even against strong opposition by member state governments, its recent shift reflects changes in the broader political context, i.e., the politicization of free movement in the European Union (EU). The article theorises Court responsiveness to politicization and demonstrates empirically, how the Court's jurisprudence corresponds with changing public debates about EU citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Do bilateral social security agreements deliver on the portability of pensions and health care benefits? A summary policy paper on four migration corridors between EU and non-EU member states.
- Author
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Holzmann, Robert
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH facilities , *INCOME maintenance programs , *SOCIAL security , *PENSIONS , *MEDICAL care - Abstract
This policy paper summarizes four corridor studies on bilateral social security agreements (BSSAs) between four European Union (EU) member and two nonmember states, draws conclusions on their results, and offers recommendations. BSSAs between migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries are seen as the most important instrument to establish portability of social security benefits for internationally mobile workers. Yet, only about 23 % of international migrants profit from BSSAs and their functioning has been little analyzed and even less assessed. The four corridors studied (Austria-Turkey, Germany-Turkey, Belgium-Morocco, and France-Morocco) were selected to allow for comparison of both similarities and differences in experiences. The evaluation of these corridors' BSSAs was undertaken against a methodological framework and three selected criteria: fairness for individuals, fiscal fairness for countries, and bureaucratic effectiveness for countries and migrant workers. The results suggest that the investigated BSSAs work and overall deliver reasonably well on individual fairness. The results on fiscal fairness are clouded by conceptual and empirical gaps. Bureaucratic effectiveness would profit from information and communication technology-based exchanges on both corridors once available. JEL Classification: D69, H55, I19, J62 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Lingua receptiva: Position paper on the European Commission's Skills Agenda.
- Author
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ten Thije, Jan D., Gooskens, Charlotte, Daems, Frans, Cornips, Leonie, and Smits, Mieke
- Subjects
MULTILINGUALISM ,LABOR market ,LEARNING ,FOREIGN language education ,LANGUAGE policy - Abstract
Through the New Skills for New Jobs initiative, the European Commission wants to (1) promote better anticipation of future skills needs, (2) develop better matching between skills and labour market needs and (3) bridge the gap between the worlds of education and work. With relatively little effort, the use of lingua receptiva can contribute significantly towards achieving these goals. Including it in the Skills Agenda as a "transversal skill" could: - enhance the key competence "Communicating in and learning a foreign language"; - refine the European Qualification Framework (EQF); and, - strengthen the Europass. This position paper1 elaborates on the arguments for including Lingua Receptiva in these policy papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. European Paper Week 2015.
- Author
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Mensink, Marco
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *EMISSIONS trading , *EXHIBITIONS - Abstract
The author offers information on exhibition "European Paper Week 2015" to be held from November 17-19, 2015 in Brussels, Belgium and talks of organization Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI), brochure on the future of paper industry, and European Union's Emission Trading System (ETS).
- Published
- 2015
7. Special issue: Plenary papers of the XVth EAAE Congress, Parma, 2017: Theme: Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems: Balancing between Markets and Society.
- Author
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Fraser, Iain and Oude Lansink, Alfons
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL industries ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,AGRICULTURAL innovations - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A harmonised dataset of greenhouse gas emissions inventories from cities under the EU Covenant of Mayors initiative.
- Author
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Iancu, A., Martelli, S., Cerutti, A. K., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Melica, G., Rivas-Calvete, S., Kona, A., Zancanella, P., and Bertoldi, P.
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,CLIMATE change ,CITIES & towns ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
The realization of national climate change commitments, as agreed through international negotiations, requires local action. However, data is still insufficient to make accurate statements about the scale of urban emissions (UNHABITAT, 2011). The need of comparable emission inventories at city level, including smaller cities, is widely recognized to develop evidence-based policies accounting for the relation between emissions and institutional, socio-economic and demographic characteristics at city level. This paper presents a collection of harmonized greenhouse gases (GHG) emission inventories (the "CoM sample 2013") at municipal level directly computed by the cities and towns that participate in the EU Covenant of Mayors initiative. This is the mainstream European movement of local and regional authorities who voluntarily commit to reduce GHG emissions by 20% or more by 2020. The "CoM sample 2013" (http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/com/data/index.php? SECURE=123, doi:10.2904/EDGARcom2013) has been carefully checked to ensure its internal consistency and its congruity with respect to internationally accepted guide values for emission factors. Overall, it provides valuable data for the analysis of the heterogeneity of final energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The Mediterranean Papers: Athens, Naples, and Istanbul.
- Author
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Goodwin-Gill, Guy S.
- Subjects
HUMAN rights ,HUMAN rights policy ,RIGHT of asylum ,HUMAN rights advocacy ,HUMAN rights movements - Abstract
The article addressing some of the legal and practical issues raised by the movement of people across the Mediterranean in search of protection. Topics discussed include European Union's (EU) laudable goal of a Common European Asylum Policy; EU member States' international obligations; and the European Convention on Human Rights.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. AIEAA - Discussion Paper on the CAP after 2020.
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL policy ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation on food security ,AGRICULTURE - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. EU Presidency Releases Counter-Terrorism Implementation Paper.
- Author
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Plachta, Michael
- Subjects
COUNTERTERRORISM ,MONEY laundering ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
The article discusses the implementation paper released by the European union presidency to counter terrorism and also mentions that the commission has prepared an action plan against terrorist financing and money laundering.
- Published
- 2016
12. European Union Releases Discussion Paper on Counter-terrorism.
- Author
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Plachta, Michael
- Subjects
COUNTERTERRORISM ,COMMITTEES ,TERRORISM policy ,GUIDELINES - Abstract
The article focuses on the discussion paper on various aspects of counter-terrorism released by the Italian Presidency of the European Union on November 13, 2014 which aims to reflect the concrete proposals made by delegations from the Terrorism Working Party (TWP) and Committee for Territorial Cohesion (COTER). It says that the discussion paper highlights the problems of cross-cutting areas in which it suggests that TWP and COTER can closer coordinate to together approach cross-cutting areas.
- Published
- 2014
13. The figure of the influencer under scrutiny: highly exposed, poorly regulated.
- Author
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González-Díaz, Cristina, Quiles-Soler, Carmen, and Quintas-Froufe, Natalia
- Subjects
INFLUENCER marketing ,CONSUMER attitudes ,PUBLIC opinion ,QUESTIONNAIRES - Abstract
The figure of the influencer has generated an increase in their presence on social networks. Their ability to create content, their credibility and their identification with the consumer represent an added value in commercial communication. However, their disclosures are controversial due to the lack of transparency and differentiation between their commercial and opinion content. The absence of a clear definition of an influencer, the need to regulate their actions and the difficulty of identifying the commercial content of their publications are evidence of the concern to regulate their activity. The aim of this paper is to analyze, in the European context, the specific regulations on commercial disclosures by influencers, as well as to ascertain the point of view of the agents involved. To this end, a content analysis of the guidelines, regulations and/or laws of 24 European Union countries is carried out, complemented by an ad hoc questionnaire that brings together different aspects that can be defined and delimited. The results show a lack of unanimity in the rules and regulations governing influencers, as well as a manifest concern on the part of professionals in the sector to determine their communications. Only two countries, France and Spain, have specific legislation on the subject, limiting commercial disclosure to the existence of consideration and/or number of followers. It is clear that the existing guidelines are, in most cases, more comprehensive in terms of transparency guidelines for identifying advertising than the regulatory texts. The findings question whether the path of legislation is the right one, or whether efforts should instead focus on media and advertising literacy for both influencers and consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Position Paper on the Fitness Check of EU Consumer Law.
- Author
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COLOMBI CIACCHI, A. L. B., HODGES, CH., VAN LEEUWEN, B., MAK, V., MICKLITZ, H.-W., RUEDA, I., VAN SCHAGEN, E. A. G., and WEATHERILL, S.
- Subjects
CONSUMER law ,CONTRACTS ,CROSS border transactions ,LAW - Published
- 2018
15. Aspects Related to Urban Development of Growth Poles in the Context of Cohesion Policy and Europe 2020 Strategy Paper.
- Author
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Bere, Ramona Camelia and IonuţSilvestru, Cătălin
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE development ,LABOR market ,EMPLOYMENT ,ROMANIAN economy ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Taking into account recent literature on economic growth, we focus on analyzing the extent to which metropolitan regions (NUTS3 urban predominant regions), as growth poles, especially from Romania and from EU member states and regions with similar levels of development, contribute to economic growth, from the perspective of employment-related issues. We place our analysis in the context of Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and of the urban dimension of the EU regional policies. The variables included refer to labor market indicators, in conjunction with demographic data, from Eurostat, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the contribution of growth poles to the overall development of country, in comparison with the capital region, the national average and EU27 average. The selection of growth poles from countries with similar levels of development as Romania is based on previous research results of cluster analysis for year 2010, conducted using headline indicators of Europe 2020 strategy and GDP per head, for country level, and cohesion policy indicators, for NUTS2 regional level, looking for possible overlaps of the country and regional clustering that include Romanian regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
16. Comment on paper ‘Transparency and trust in the European pharmaceutical sector’.
- Author
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Meijer, Albert
- Subjects
PHARMACEUTICAL industry ,DRUG laws ,PHARMACEUTICAL services ,PHARMACEUTICAL policy ,ORGANIZATIONAL transparency - Abstract
The authors reflect on a report "Transparency and trust in the European pharmaceutical sector" published within issue of the periodical. Topics discussed include relation between transparency and trust in pharmaceutical regulators; need of integrating transparency in effective, evidenced- and science based benefit/risk communication; and need of different regulatory domains to obtain a understanding of the role of the institutional and situational context.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial Society.
- Author
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Economidou, Claire, Grilli, Luca, Henrekson, Magnus, and Sanders, Mark
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,INNOVATIONS in business ,REFORMS ,SUSTAINABLE development ,ECONOMIC globalization ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the special issue on Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial Society in Europe. There are many reasons for Europe to want to make the transition to a more Entrepreneurial Society. And for decades now, policy makers are trying to bring that transition about with variations on the Beducate, deregulate and finance^ approach to entrepreneurship. We argue that more fundamental reforms are required to improve the entrepreneurial ecosystem and bring about this transition. We then discuss the 12 contributions that pertain to five different facets of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The first two papers address the most fundamental institutional foundations of the ecosystem. The next three papers discuss the (lack of) access to knowledge and incentives to start innovative entrepreneurial ventures. That is followed by three papers that focus on the institutions that (fail to) channel financial resources to such ventures and two papers that analyze the relevance of labor market institutions. The special issue concludes with two papers investigating how the interplay of institutions and productive entrepreneurship results in economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Manageable cooperation – insights from sports management: best papers from the “Managing Sport” tracks at the European Academy of Management (EURAM) Annual Meeting in Paris 2016.
- Author
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Gerke, Anna and Dolles, Harald
- Subjects
SPORTS administration ,SPORTS tourism ,EVENT tourism ,SPORTS business ,SPORTS ,CONFERENCES & conventions - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. THE CASE LAW OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EU ON ART. 17 OF THE 1999 MONTREAL CONVENTION: AN EVALUATION FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE.
- Author
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CHATZIPANAGIOTIS, MICHAEL
- Subjects
AIRLINE industry ,JURISDICTION ,TRANSPORTATION industry - Abstract
This paper analyzes the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on Article 17(1) of the 1999 Montreal Convention (MC99) regarding the liability of international air carriers for death or bodily injury to passengers. The interpretational principles and methods applied by the CJEU are examined, accounting also for the particularities of the EU legal order. Furthermore, the results reached by the CJEU are compared with the case law of other jurisdictions, mainly the US, and doctrinal writings. Nonetheless, this paper does not explore the pertinent issues from a de lege ferenda perspective. The paper concludes that the judgments of the CJEU on Art. 17(1) MC99 have interpreted the notions of “passenger,” “accident,” and “bodily injury” broadly, in a passenger-friendly way. Although the interpretation of ‘passenger’ does not differ from the established case law in other jurisdictions, some aspects of the interpretation of “accident” and the interpretation of “bodily injury” significantly depart from the view currently prevailing among courts internationally. The CJEU has yet to rule on the scope of the exclusivity of the MC99, under Art. 29 thereof, regarding personal injury of passengers. However, the expansive interpretations of “accident” and “bodily injury” by the CJEU limit the practical effect of Article 29 compared to other jurisdictions. Given the regulatory influence that the EU exercises worldwide, the CJEU judgments might guide courts also outside the EU. Although this would bolster passenger protection, it would exacerbate the already fragmented application of the MC99 internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. References.
- Subjects
FOREIGN exchange rates ,BALANCE of payments ,CAPITAL movements ,ECONOMICS - Published
- 2015
21. The Community Preference Principle in Labour Migration Policy in the European Union.
- Author
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Robin-Olivier, Sophie
- Subjects
IMMIGRATION policy - Abstract
This paper is part of the joint project between the Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission and the OECD's Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs on "Review of Labour Migration Policy in Europe". This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Grant: HOME/2013/EIFX/CA/002 / 30-CE-0615920/00-38 (DI130895) A previous version of this paper was presented and discussed at the OECD Working Party on Migration in June 2015.The paper investigates the notion of the "community preference" which in filling job posts gives a priority to EU-nationals over third-country nationals. Analysing the impact of the principle on the European labour migration policy, the report presents a brief history of the notion, and discusses how it is referred to in EU labour migration policy documents. It also examines the challenges that the principle is facing as the EU immigration policy develops, tending to give increasing rights to third-country nationals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. EU UPDATE.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *EMISSIONS trading - Abstract
The article offers news briefs related to paper and pulp industry, which includes release of 2014 Key Statistics by the Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI), launching of European Union (EU) EmissionsTrading System (ETS), and industry wise study by CEPI.
- Published
- 2015
23. NEW MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE CURRENT TRENDS IN THE WORLD ECONOMY.
- Author
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BOLOTOV, I.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development - Abstract
This paper describes the specifics of the current development of the world economy and discusses implications for new member states of the European Union, the EU NMS, with a small case study on the Czech Republic. The paper is divided into four parts: the trends, the EU NMS and the effects of the trends in the EU NMS and in the Czech Republic. The paper is based on a general economic analysis of data provided by the World Bank (WB), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Eurostat, the European Central Bank (ECB) and by the Czech Statistical Office (CZSO). Being familiar with recent macroeconomic trends is nowadays important for Central and Eastern European managers in order to efficiently adapt their strategies to the constantly changing business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Sustainability, the Green Deal and Art 101 TFEU: Where We Are and Where We Could Go.
- Author
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Gassler, Martin
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,ANTITRUST law - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Loyalty rebates and the more economic approach to EU competition law.
- Author
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van Wijck, Peter
- Subjects
REBATES ,CUSTOMER loyalty ,ECONOMIC competition laws ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
In 2009 the European Commission published the art. 102 guidance regarding abusive exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings. The guidance is based on the more economic approach to competition policy. This paper investigates the welfare implications of the more economic approach to loyalty rebates. First, the paper presents an economic framework linking weights attached to probabilities of false positives and negatives and the legal norm. After that, the paper discusses cases before the guidance paper (i.a. Hoffmann-La Roche), the guidance paper itself, and cases after the guidance paper (i.a. Intel). In the period after the guidance paper, we observe a non-linear increase in the weight attached to preventing false positives. The paper concludes that to further limit welfare losses due to false positives, the category of rebates that is assumed to be abusive should be defined in a restrictive way. Furthermore, in law enforcement priority should be given to cases that, considering all the circumstances, can be expected to be most harmful to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. European funds in Central and Eastern Europe: drivers of change or mere funding transfers? Evaluating the impact of European aid on national and local development in Bulgaria and Romania.
- Author
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Surubaru, Neculai-Cristian
- Subjects
EUROPEAN Union membership ,EUROPEAN economic assistance ,STAKEHOLDERS ,EUROPEAN Union countries politics & government ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
In recent years, there have been numerous academic and policy debates on the delivery mechanisms of European Union (EU) funds in member states. Studies focused on issues arising, for instance, during the management and implementation of EU aid at the local level but devoted less attention to the economic and institutional impact of EU funds. To what extent do EU funds act as drivers of socio-economic development and institutional change? Theoretically, this paper contributes to debates about economic convergence and the institutional spillover effects generated by EU aid across national and local settings. Empirically, the paper evaluates the impact of EU aid in Bulgaria and Romania after a decade of EU membership. Firstly, the paper examines a mix of quantitative indicators and secondary sources on the socio-economic impact of EU funds in the two countries. Secondly, using original qualitative evidence, the paper assesses the spillover effects of EU aid on domestic institutions and stakeholders, policies and practices. Finally, the paper provides an analysis of the unintended domestic consequences triggered by EU funds. It contributes to growing debates on the impact of European aid and suggests potential avenues for policy development and for further academic research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Local government responses to EU citizens' integration needs.
- Author
-
Bruzelius, Cecilia
- Subjects
SOCIAL integration ,IMMIGRANTS ,CITIZENSHIP ,IMMIGRATION policy ,INTERNAL migration ,LOCAL government - Abstract
EU citizens migrating between EU member states are expected to be self-sufficient movers, with little access to social or integration support for the economically inactive. This generates challenges for both migrant EU citizens and local governments in places of destination. The latter are confronted with new social challenges resulting from migration that balances between mobility and settlement. How local governments respond to this crucially shapes EU citizenship and the evolving EU migration system. This paper looks at local responses to migrant EU citizens' integration needs and how we might understand these. The paper is exploratory and builds on in-depth research in Berlin, Hamburg, Gothenburg and Stockholm conducted in 2015–2016. It demonstrates that responses varied between short-term approaches addressing basic needs and long-term strategies focusing on integration. It argues that the integration strategy identified in Berlin is the result of a national context of bottom-up immigrant policy-making, certain historical experiences of immigration, and, crucially, the work of local policy entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Every green angle covered at paper facility.
- Author
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Qureshi, Waqas
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,BIOGAS -- Environmental aspects ,CORRUGATED paperboard ,STANDARDS - Abstract
The article focuses on the Netherlands based corrugated paper mill Smurfit Kappa. Topics discussed are challenges faced by the company which include materials, energy and water; planning for sustainable solutions such as switching over to bio-gas; and adhering to European Union (EU) regulations with closed looped approach to manufacturing and circular model economy.
- Published
- 2016
29. Competition versus cooperation -- new approaches on the energy market considering aspects of competition law.
- Author
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TANŢĂU, Adrian Dumitru and ŞANTA, Ana-Maria Iulia
- Subjects
ENERGY policy ,UNFAIR competition ,CLEAN energy ,MODERNIZATION (Social science) ,ENERGY industries ,BEST practices - Abstract
The common energy policy of the European Union is a current topic on the agenda of European institutions, reflected in package "Clean Energy for All Europeans", proposed by the European Commission. Despite several harmonization attempts, the consensus needed for a common policy and for an Energy Union has not been reached yet. One possible element why we still do not have a common energy market is the lack of competition in the energy sector. In this context, the present research paper analyzes to what extent competition can be a key-factor in ensuring the modernization of the energy sector. Aspects of competition law which are relevant for building a common energy market are highlighted in the present research paper. Furthermore, the present article raises the question how important cooperation is, searching the proper balance between competition and cooperation. The present article uses an interdisciplinary research method, combining the analysis of primary and secondary European law, of legal instruments and provisions, considering the teleological method, with the assessment from a business and economics point of view. Case law and case studies from Member States of the European Union provide best practice models for the energy sector and present an international comparative perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
30. Fiscal councils' impact on promoting transparency and accountability in public finance management.
- Author
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BACH, SANJA
- Subjects
FISCAL policy ,PUBLIC finance ,PUBLIC spending ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
This paper addresses two main questions: (1) how far do the activities of fiscal councils in the EU countries help promote transparency and accountability in the management of public finances and (2) how could fiscal councils enhance the impact of those activities? The analysis is based on a questionnaire collected in 2016 from fiscal councils in 18 EU countries. The questionnaire looked at how the councils themselves assessed their impact on the management of public finances, and how they communicated their findings to the wider public. The councils see some benefits of their work; and their monitoring of adherence to fiscal rules and legislative regulation, as well as their warnings about excessive government spending, seem to get noticed in the media. This activity informs the public, and may in turn influence politicians' ratings, thereby helping to contribute to greater accountability in the management of public finances. The paper consequently argues that fiscal councils may promote fiscal transparency and accountability and proposes several ways to enhance the effectiveness of their influence on media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Vertical Fiscal Imbalance as an Integral Part of the Local Public Sector Financing: Its Determinants in the Case of New and Old European Union Member.
- Author
-
MALIČKÁ, Lenka
- Subjects
PUBLIC finance ,DECENTRALIZATION in government ,PUBLIC spending ,GOVERNMENT revenue ,BUDGET deficits - Abstract
Fiscal decentralization brings certain economic benefits, but also meets certain inconveniences. If the process of decentralization is realized in the mode, that the decentralization of expenditure and decentralization of revenue are divided, the success of its implementation is endangered. Excessive expenditure decentralization without adequate decentralization of revenues creates a gap, which is under the soft-budget constraints conditions completed by intergovernmental transfers. Intergovernmental transfers present a move of public financial resources from central level of government to local levels of government creating vertical fiscal imbalance. The theory is not clear about the eligibility of soft-budget constraints and vertical fiscal imbalance. The economic reality supports their existence and considers them as an integral part of local resources. In this paper vertical fiscal imbalances in the EU countries are analyzed. Using the panel regression with time effects for a sample of new and old EU member states, determinants of vertical fiscal imbalance are identified. Significant negative effect of public deficit and revenue decentralization is observed in all two samples. The impact of time effects differs according to the sample. This paper is published within the project VEGA no.1/0559/16. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
32. Conservative backbench opposition to international aid: Is it driven by hard euroscepticism?
- Author
-
Crines, Andrew and Heppell, Tim
- Published
- 2017
33. The Matter of Consistency within the European Union: Why Did the EU Fail to Devise a Coherent Policy in the Bosnian War?
- Author
-
DENİZ, Mehmet
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,INCONSISTENCY (Logic) ,INTERVENTION (International law) ,ATROCITIES ,WAR crimes - Abstract
The Bosnian War witnessed horrifying humanitarian crimes, particularly systematic rapes perpetrated by Serbs against Bosnian women. More than 35,000 women and children were subjected to such atrocities in Serb-run "rape/death camps". Additionally, the fall of Srebrenica resulted in the loss of thousands of civilian lives. International intervention to halt the Bosnian War faced challenges and complexities. Various countries involved in the matter held differing interpretations of the conflict, leading to diverse views on potential solutions. The lack of consensus and political will hindered the effectiveness of the European Union's intervention efforts. This paper critically examines the international intervention in the Bosnian War, focusing on the approaches of key EU countries: France, Germany, and the UK. These countries' divergent policies and objectives impacted the EU's ability to adopt a coherent stance towards the conflict. The study employs Nuttall and Duke's theoretical approach to consistency in decision-making within the EU to explain why a consistent approach was not achieved during the intervention. By analysing the complexities of the EU's intervention in the Bosnian War, this study seeks to answer the question of what went wrong and provides insights into the challenges of decision-making and consensus-building within the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
34. Retracted: Preventing and Combating Corruption in the European Union: The Practice of Member States.
- Author
-
Dei, Maryna O, Skliar, Iryna S, Shevchenko, Anatolii Ie, Cherneha, Andriy, and Tavolzhanskyi, Oleksii V
- Subjects
POLITICAL corruption ,NATIONAL security ,LEGAL instruments ,JUDICIAL process - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Sanctioning unfair pricing under Art. 102(a) TFEU: yes, we can!
- Author
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Botta, Marco
- Subjects
PRICE regulation ,ECONOMIC competition laws ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
Traditionally, unfair pricing cases were considered a "taboo" in EU competition policy. During the recent years, however, the European Commission and a number of National Competition Authorities have investigated unfair pricing cases. Therefore, national and EU courts had the opportunity to rule on unfair pricing cases, by thus clarifying the legal test. The paper shows that United Brands is not the "only" legal test to assess unfair pricing cases; the CJEU has endorsed alternative "benchmarking" methods. Recent jurisprudence has also introduced some "safeguard tools" to minimize the risk of false negative errors, such as the requirement for the competition agency to verify its findings under "multiple" tests and the possibility for the dominant firm to put forward "objective justifications". The paper argues that the legal test of unfair pricing cases is becoming "clearer", by thus contributing to a further shift from the traditional non-enforcement paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Fiscal policy and the youth labour market.
- Author
-
Ebell, Monique and O'Higgins, Niall
- Subjects
YOUTH employment ,FISCAL policy ,LABOR market - Abstract
The article offers information on fiscal policy and labour market in European countries focusing on employment and unemployment rates on young people.
- Published
- 2015
37. Brexit, trade marks and designs: the position papers compared.
- Author
-
Loney, Michael
- Subjects
FOREIGN relations of the European Union ,INTELLECTUAL property ,NEGOTIATION ,TRADEMARK application & registration - Abstract
Associations including CITMA, ECTA, INTA and MARQUES have published position papers discussing IP rights when the UK leaves the EU in March 2019. Managing IP looks at the biggest issues, including registered EU rights, pending applications, exhaustion and representation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
38. Air transport and tourism flows to islands: A panel analysis for southern European countries.
- Author
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Mazzola, Fabio, Cirà, Andrea, Ruggieri, Giovanni, and Butler, Richard
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,TOURIST attractions ,ISLANDS ,TOURISM - Abstract
Air transport is an essential component of the tourism industry, and the number, frequency, and capacity of flight connections may influence the level of tourism demand, especially for island destinations. This paper evaluates the influence of air transport on tourism arrivals to selected islands in seven southern European Union countries to determine the nature of the relationship between tourist arrivals and air transport, specifically, whether air transport services generate tourism demand or merely enable touristic flows. The paper uses panel data and applies an econometric model with justifications for endogeneity and dynamic issues. Results show a moderate impact of transport infrastructures on generating additional tourist arrivals; however, the model shows that air transport is a prerequisite to developing tourism demand and is not the only determinant in increasing tourist arrivals. Tourist arrivals appear more a determinant than a consequence of changes in‐flight connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. MEASUREMENT OF THE AVERAGE INNOVATIVENESS CHANGE OVER TIME IN THE EU MEMBER STATES.
- Author
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ROSZKO-WÓJTOWICZ, Elżbieta and BIAŁEK, Jacek
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations & economics ,INDEX theory (Mathematics) ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
In the age of globalisation, implementation and commercialisation of new technologies are perceived as key elements determining competitiveness of particular countries, therefore, the growth of innovativeness is seen as the predominant direction of European Union society’s transformation into information society. The aim of the paper is to propose a procedure of measurement of innovativeness growth over time, with the Summary Innovation Index (SII) methodology as a starting point. The considered issue can be expressed by the following main question: how to measure the innovation performance dynamics for a selected group of countries (such as the EU- 28, EU-15 or EU-13 countries) and for time intervals (not only for two moments of observations). This is an important inquiry since well-known innovativeness indices (SII, GII, or IOI) concentrate mainly on the provision of information about countries’ innovation performance for a specific year of observations. Due to this fact, changes occurring over longer time periods are rather neglected. The main result of the paper is a proposition of average innovativeness growth index. The index uses weights describing the employment share of a selected group of specialists (e.g.: scientists and engineers, research and development personnel) in relation to the economically active population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Efficiency vs effectiveness: an analysis of tertiary education across Europe.
- Author
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JELIĆ, OZANA NADOVEZA and KEDO, MARGARETA GARDIJAN
- Subjects
POSTSECONDARY education ,EDUCATIONAL quality ,EDUCATION ,DATA envelopment analysis ,HUMAN capital - Abstract
This paper deals with tertiary education efficiency and effectiveness across 24 European Union countries in four sub-periods between 2004 and 2015. The efficiency scores are computed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We try to raise awareness of the quality, and not of the quantity, of educational outputs and inputs by introducing quality-based correction of the DEA efficiency score, which we regard as effectiveness. Our results show that quality considerations affect the relative positions of countries regarding their efficiency scores. In other words, some less developed countries, which are efficient in the quantity-based model, fail to reach the defined efficiency border when considering some quality indicators of outputs. On the other hand, some inefficient developed countries increase their DEA-based ranking and achieve effectiveness (quality-based efficiency). The same is true for input quality considerations. Since tertiary education cannot be expected to provide the same quality of outcomes with different input qualities, efficiency improves (deteriorates) in the input-output quality-based model in many countries with low (high) quality student bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND INNOVATION LEVELS IN EU COUNTRIES.
- Author
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Ramona Bunda, Nicoleta, Cerasela Spatariu, Elena, and Popovici, Norina
- Subjects
INSTITUTIONAL economics ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,SOCIAL institutions ,RESEARCH & development - Abstract
Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
42. Market Building and the Capital Markets Union: Addressing Information Barriers in the SME Funding Market.
- Author
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SCHAMMO, PIERRE
- Subjects
CAPITAL market ,SMALL business finance ,INVESTMENTS - Abstract
The Capital Markets Union (CMU) is one of the flagship policy initiatives of the Juncker Commission. The Commission's strategy for realizing a CMU is set out in its White Paper on building a CMU. Besides describing the Commission's vision of a CMU, the white paper includes an action plan which details the measures that are needed to build a CMU. The aim of this article is to consider the Commission's measures in one particular area of the action plan. Specifically, this article examines the Commission's strategy for overcoming information barriers to SME investment. By acting in this area, the Commission's objective is to facilitate access to finance, but also to diversify sources of funding for SMEs, which are traditionally heavily dependent on bank-based finance. This article evaluates the Commission's strategy and its prospects of success. After assessing the relevant policy measures, it will argue for a paradigm shift which is based on three pillars: a greater emphasis on market building measures; a greater emphasis on information sharing duties as one mechanism that can help to address information barriers; and a market correcting strategy to dovetail greater market building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. THE ROLE OF IMMOVABLE PROPERTY TAXES IN THE EU COUNTRIES -- TAXES ON LAND, BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURE IN SUB-NATIONAL TAX REVENUES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF TAX DECENTRALIZATION.
- Author
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Maličká, Lenka
- Subjects
TAX revenue estimating ,DECENTRALIZATION in management ,GROSS domestic product ,PUBLIC debts ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
The literature concerned in fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization promotes the sub-national responsibility for sub-national resources and spending. In this paper sub-national tax revenues are compared to total tax revenues expressing the tax decentralization for the sample of EU 28 countries. Beside it, the main part of sub-national taxes, the immovable property tax -- tax on land building or other structure, is compared to total sub-national tax revenues. Using the GMM system estimation determinants of sub-national tax revenues, real estate tax revenues and tax decentralization are investigated on the sample of EU countries. Results show the significant negative relation between GDP per capita growth, population density and inflation rate and all variables in question. In the case of sub-national government real estate tax revenues the positive relation with public debt is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. EDITORIAL COMMENTS.
- Subjects
TREATY Establishing the European Economic Community (1957) ,CONCORD ,SYMBOLISM ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article discusses how both the White Paper and the Rome Declaration speak of the European Union's (EU) efforts to maintain unity among it's member nations. The author suggests that the EU should not emphasize too much on unity, instead it should focus on overcoming the different interests of the parties. However, for this process to work the EU should take lessons from other unions like the U.S. and use anchors like executive effectiveness and its legitimacy as well as symbolism.
- Published
- 2017
45. A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO THE FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN EU COUNTRIES.
- Author
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BARBU, Teodora Cristina, BOITAN, Iustina Alina, CIOACA, Sorin Iulian, and OBREJA, Carmen
- Subjects
FINANCIAL services industry ,SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
The topic of financial inclusion has gained increased attention, on the background of international frameworks and policies devoted to inclusive societies, inclusive financial systems, sustainable and inclusive growth. However, existing literature and practice lack a generally accepted, reliable and easy to interpret quantitative measure of financial inclusion. The novelty of our paper relies on developing a financial inclusion index, comprising an updated set of indicators which account for current developments of the financial industry and the continuous diversification and complementarity of financial products people have access to. It is the first study comprising all the 28 EU countries and covering a large, recent time horizon (2008-2013). The index has been computed for each year considered and a ranking has been provided to comparatively assess the evolution of a given country on the financial inclusion scale. Our findings revealed that one-third of EU countries show moderate financial inclusion, while the remaining ones depict low financial inclusion, with different degrees of severity. A constant presence at the bottom limit of financial inclusion, in each of the six years, has been Romania. This result reflects a reality, namely the lack of official concern from authorities and financial institutions in respect of monitoring, measuring and stimulating financial inclusion. We believe that the index proposed in this paper could act not only for assessing the degree of inclusion at a given moment of time, but also as a tool for monitoring and signaling the imperative involvement of regulators, financial institutions and civil society in designing and implementing policies and programs for enhancing inclusive financial products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
46. THE CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, THE AIMS OF EU COMPETITION LAW AND DATA PROTECTION: TIME TO LEVEL THE PLAYING FIELD.
- Author
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De Buffalo Irakiza, Divin
- Subjects
ANTITRUST law ,DATA security laws ,DATA protection ,SECURITY management - Abstract
The proliferation of data-driven markets continues to raise questions about their implications for the right to data protection. A recent suggestion is that EU competition law can and should be used to address data protection concerns in the age of big data. However, the European Commission is reluctant to consider data protection issues in EU competition law, maintaining instead that competition law is not the right tool to promote the right to data protection. Yet, following the Treaty of Lisbon, data protection is a fundamental right under Article 16 of the TFEU as well as Article 8 of the Charter. Therefore, considering that the EU is under a duty to promote fundamental rights by virtue of Article 51 of the Charter, this paper argues that data protection should be among the objectives of EU competition law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
47. The EU's work‐life balance directive: Institutional change of father‐specific leave across member states.
- Author
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de la Porte, Caroline, Im, Zhen Jie, Pircher, Brigitte, and Szelewa, Dorota
- Subjects
WORK-life balance ,PATERNITY leave ,PARENTAL leave ,SOCIAL & economic rights ,WELFARE state - Abstract
This paper examines institutional change in father‐specific leave ‐ a centre‐piece of the EU's work‐life balance directive (WLBD) ‐ from the perspective of gradual institutional change. The WLBD, a highly contentious directive, represents a litmus test for the possible impact of the European pillar of social rights (EPSR), on welfare state institutions, which are responsible for the organisation, financing and delivery of social rights in member states. The analysis comprises in‐depth case studies in Denmark, Germany, France and Poland, with different combinations of family and parental leave policies prior to the WLBD. The findings reveal that the EU's directive is leading to convergence in paternity leave, but to divergence in parental leave. Our study is important because it shows that even if EU directives in social policy in principle can lead to upwards social convergence across the EU, when they are relatively weak in terms of precise constraint, for instance, for the level of remuneration for leave, this leads to differentiated integration. This could undermine the very purpose of the EPSR, which seeks to improve social rights for all citizens across the EU. Similar dynamics are likely to be present in other areas at the welfare state‐labor market nexus, such as minimum wages or platform work, where the EU is also developing regulation under the auspices of the EPSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. From austerity‐conditionality towards a new investment‐led growth strategy: Social Europe after the Recovery and Resilience Facility.
- Author
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Corti, Francesco and Vesan, Patrik
- Subjects
INVESTMENT policy ,DISASTER resilience ,SOCIAL & economic rights ,POLITICAL reform ,EUROPEANIZATION - Abstract
By providing financial resources, conditional to the implementation of the (social) recommendations in the Semester and the principles of the European Pillar of Social Rights, the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) has opened new political and institutional opportunity windows for the multi‐level co‐production of social policies. The article first dives into how the RRF has been translated into national social policies choices, by assessing the alignment of reforms and investments with the Semester social recommendations and their capacity to address the social vulnerabilities identified in the Pillar's Social Scoreboard. Second, it sheds light on the interaction between the European Commission, in charge of assessing and monitoring the RRF, and the national governments, the key actors in setting‐up and implementing the plans. Comparing six case studies (Italy, Germany, Spain, Croatia, Belgium and Austria), the article shows that the RRF has only partially contributed to reinforcing member states' compliance with social Country Specific Recommendations and the role of the Social Pillar in the drafting of National Recovery and Resilience Plans has been very limited. This notwithstanding, the RRF has contributed to fasten‐forward the implementation of welfare reforms and initiatives which would have been remained on the paper, especially for whose countries with limited fiscal capacity. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence of the collaborative approach between the Commission and the national government, substantiating the claim of the emergence of a new mode of coordinative Europeanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. From sneaking to striding: Combatting competence creep and consolidating the EU legislative process.
- Subjects
LAW ,COMPETENT authority ,LEGISLATION - Abstract
This paper argues that the EU legislative process should be used for taking all decisions at European level that matter, banning the various backroads of European decision‐making (competence creep) that are currently legal but not legitimate. This is a silver bullet, resolving at once a range of seemingly disparate but intimately connected legitimacy problems across all areas of EU activity, that ultimately result from an incorrectly calibrated state of transnational constitutional democracy at EU level, where certain aspects are over‐constitutionalised while others remain fundamentally under‐constitutionalised. This is therefore the key transversal issue that the Conference on the Future of Europe and its ensuing changes should address. The paper makes various concrete proposals to this effect, including for a general legislative competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Soft skills to enhance graduate employability: comparing students and employers' perceptions.
- Author
-
Succi, Chiara and Canovi, Magali
- Subjects
EMPLOYABILITY ,SOFT skills ,EMPLOYER attitudes ,COLLEGE student attitudes ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,ACADEMIC-industrial collaboration ,HIGHER education - Abstract
The aim of this article is to show the increased relevance of soft skills in a continuously changing environment. A research was carried out to examine and compare students' and employers' perceptions regarding the importance of soft skills in different European countries. Results show that 86% of respondents indicate an increased emphasis on soft skills over the last 5–10 years and that companies consider soft skills more important than students/graduates. Furthermore, major differences have also been identified in the ranking of the 20 soft skills listed in this paper, indicating different levels of priorities. This paper suggests that companies and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) need to work together not only to increase students' awareness of the importance of soft skills but also to guide them in taking individual responsibility to acquire and develop these essential skills in order to continuously adapt to the changing labour market and improve their employability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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