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Using a bilateral dataset of trips for 32 European countries for the period 2012–2019, we aim to gauge the size and evolution of the border effect on tourism: the extent to which domestic tourism is greater (or lesser) than international tourism. We found that the tourism flow within countries was 24 times greater than between countries. Also, we show that, relative to 2012, the border effect diminished by 13% in 2019. Our results suggest that the size (and evolution) of the border effect is the same for trips that last between one and three nights (short trips) and those that last four nights or more (long trips). Nonetheless, our findings show that bilateral determinants that represent travel and transaction costs are more important when explaining short trips than long ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees played a central role in public discourse in the past decade, however, self-representations were marginal. In this article, I analyze the documentary My Escape / Meine Flucht, which portrays the flight of 15 people based on footage from their mobile phones on their journey and interviews. Starting from Foucault's concept of the heterotopia, I approach the Mediterranean Sea as a place in which different power regimes intersect, engage and compete. The self-representation of border-crossing makes the enacted power on refugees visible and challenges common framings of refugees and border-crossing. I pick up the argument that the rise in migration in 2015 offers a healing potential which could mirror the reality in the "Global South" to a European Union (EU) public. I argue that self-representations in media reveal the contradictions in the self-imagination of the EU and its reality. Yet their impact remains limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representations of critical geography and border studies have developed concepts and methodologies for exploring the multifaceted and contradictory image of contemporary borders. Artists, scholars and social activists show increased interest in the narrative and visual documenting of border’s closures. The border’s visuality becomes a supporting argument for dissent and protest, giving the ‘visual evidence’ of the extremely quick border’s re-territoriality. As a result, important events allow one ‘to extracts sameness even from what is unique’ (W. Benjamin). The mass migration and the pandemic return us to the reality of the human world with their non-freedom and illness. In the migration case, Europe has dealt with an ‘alien body’, and in the pandemic, with an ‘infected or sick body’. The relationship between the image and the viewer is an important starting point in the representation of mass migration and pandemic. Mitchell’s metaphor of ‘live images’ help us better understand the sense and reasons of new biological and politic events. Nowadays, the development, materialisation, and embodiment of European borders are the stable visual symbol of our existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of narratives can be regarded as a significant tool to map the complex means by which social relations are organized, made meaningful, and maintained (Somers, 1994). On the borders of Europe, social relations are often constructed across national dividing lines. Especially now, given the social consequences of COVID-19, which include re-bordering processes in Europe, the question of borders and bordering is in the spotlight. Against this backdrop, this article elaborates on the concept of narratives, which may be crucial for understanding the complex processes of deconstructing and reconstructing state borders and social boundaries. By focusing on three types of narratives--individual, public, and spatial--we apply the narrative approach to exploring divided cities and propose an analytical model that could contribute to an understanding of the processes occurring in border cities and could thus broaden the field of studies on borders and space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professor of Politics Emeritus at New York University, Martin A Schain, shows in The Border: Policy and Politics in Europe and the United States that border and migration management in the European Union (EU) and the United States of America (US) are not as different as we might think. He illustrates similarities in the attempts to curb undocumented migration and simultaneous efforts to attract labour force. The period of the book spans from the 1990s to 2017-2018, depending on the topic. It provides an outline of border management and migration in Europe and the US, with plenty or numerical data and overview of legal and political changes in approaches to migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Moderna Sprak is the property of Institutionen for Moderna Sprak and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cross-border cooperation, border regions, soft spaces? This special issue approaches cross-border informal planning processes in cross-border regions by analysing them from a perspective that combines networks, governance and territorialization. Such a relational perspective will be developed by papers which deal with a variety of European cross-border regions and empirical evidence related to the nexus of networks, governance and territorialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate on border concept or on the dimension and meaning of the border has been regained in the light of the increasing transnational migration, and the national malaise derived from the scarce results of the commercial globalization. The text addresses these issues in a context of notorious political and economic tensions in both Europe and North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being the second longest river of Europe (the longest one is the Volga) the 2850 km long Danube connects different geographical, economic, political regions with various ethnic, religious, historical background. Touching 10 states it collects the waters of 14 countries in its 817 km² drainage basin and provides the connection with the seas for the countries of the continent. It is an important international watercourse which creates a natural link between the West and the East inside Europe. It has been so for more than 2000 years, having advantages and sometimes disadvantages, too. The geographical importance of the Danube has always been tremendous throughout history; at the same time, it has always played an important role concerning cultural-historic aspects. Since the end of the 20th century, the Rhein-Maine-Danube canal and international watercourse with its 3500 navigable lengths create a unique opportunity for the countries it connects. All this enjoys an important priority in the Danube-region strategy of the EU. The authors of the study provide a short historical outline of the role the Danube has played in Europe with special emphasis on the 19-20th centuries, concerning international legal aspects as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on theories of bordering and mediated witnessing to examine a documentary film that mediates migrants' experiences of bordering in Europe. My analysis of Under den samme himmel/Days of Hope shows how the film captures the multiplicity of bordering practices, from geographical to socio-cultural borderings. The analysis is informed by watching and discussing the film in an immigrant detention facility in Finland with people who experienced and eye-witnessed experiences similar to those depicted in the film. This creates a sense of co-presence of the experiential landscapes in the border zones, and the film invites viewers to consider borders not as lines in the landscape, but as zones and as a form of practice that has consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is facing the biggest immigration crisis after the Second World War. In front of armed conflicts in their countries of origin, tens of millions of people have abandoned their homes, searching security and the opportunity for a new life. Such a massive influx of immigrants caused serious problems for the immigration systems in Europe. The European response has combined internal and external policies, involving national and international institutions, organizations or civil society. Our study analyses the strategic approach to the problems of immigrants in Europe, presenting the instruments used by EU in order to implement the migration policy. The aim of the study is to identify the main positive and negative aspects resulted from the management of refugee crisis in Europe, with the accent on the emergency support and humanitarian funding for helping transit countries, integration versus social segregation, the threat of national security and European identity. The study addresses to those who want to know relevant issues resulted from the political decisions regarding refugee exodus in Europe and to what extent they solved immigrant's problems. Furthermore, the specialized institutions may consider the recommendations for improving the crises management in the field of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Droit et Cultures is the property of Revue Droit et Cultures - Université Paris Nanterre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the cross-border mobility practices of eastern European immigrants across and within European Union (EU) borders, taking into account the changes in the patterns of the EU border regime, which have affected mobility in the last 20 years. Drawing on empirical research with references to in-depth qualitative interviews of eastern immigrants in Spain, this article highlights the ways in which the emerging models of cross-border mobility management are producing new geographies of the EU border. On the one hand,(re)borderingmakes human mobility difficult, while, on the other hand,networked borderingfacilitates mobility. The conclusions confirm that the flexibility of the European border allows the mobility of people, and also indicate that, while crossing borders, eastern Europeans learn about mobility and practice it as citizens of Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The reconfiguration of political space lies at the heart of the European project and is the subject of manifold studies on the new shape of the European Union, but relatively little attention has been paid to the ways in which borders are de- and reconstructed in a pan-European labour market. In a pan-European labour market, state borders shift. Postings made via subcontractors and agencies providing temporary workers also rearrange the borders of the firm. However, we know very little about how these bordering practices interact within the pan-European labour market. This study argues that while borders have become porous, their porousness is one-directional, in the sense that it is in favour of capital but impacts negatively on labour rights. In developing a framework for understanding the relationship between changes in sovereign borders and changes in employment relations in the EU, this article integrates insights from international relations, political economy and border research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finland's security is integrally linked with its immediate surroundings, Europe, and global development. Given that Finland considers Russia to be one of the main challenges to its security, cross-border security cooperation with it is limited. Over the years the Finnish border authorities have, nevertheless, developed effective joint working practices with their Russian counterparts which provide a unique communication channel, even in the present geopolitical climate. The present paper address the Finnish-Russia security cooperation, and its lack, within a wider European frame and pits the practical experiences against ongoing theoretical discussion on security and threat perceptions. It argues that despite the more multifaceted understandings of borders and the EUropeanised rhetoric, the Finnish-Russian border is still very much a classic state border guarded by two states from their respective perspectives. In the Finnish-Russian case the content of cooperation has more to do with border management than with more coherent border security, as the former is build on a more common ground than the latter. Increased cooperation and Russian convergence with EU models of border security and management would certainly be of benefit, but Russia's willingness to cooperate seems half-hearted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Borderline medical devices are products in a 'gray area,' this means due to their characteristics, they could belong to different 'legal products.' In addition, regulation is a controversial topic and may change depending on the country which may put public health at risk and distort the market., Areas Covered: This article analyzes how borderline medical devices are managed in the American and the European legislation. We compared the decisions made by both regulations on the devices of the Manual on Borderline and Classification Medical Devices of the European Commission for the first three sections, those which deal exclusively with medical devices., Expert Opinion: Borderline medical devices do not have to be understood as something specific to each country. The different classification of products creates international borders. It is necessary to create working groups in international organizations in which global consensus is reached. Although a priori it seems that the American system could be more efficient, studies with quantitative data from authorized devices are needed to show that. Until EUDAMED is not fully operational and open access, it will not be possible to develop them.