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102. How and Why the University of California Got Its Autonomy. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.4.15
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education and Douglass, John Aubrey
- Abstract
The University of California became a "public trust" in 1879 as part of a larger revision of California's Constitution approved by California voters. The University henceforth gained the exclusive power to operate, control, and administer the University of California, becoming virtually a fourth branch of state government, a "constitutional corporation . . . equal and coordinate with the legislature, the judiciary and the executive. It was a watershed moment in the history of California's land-grant public university, fundamentally shaping the state's subsequent development of the nations, and the world's, first coherent approach to building a mass higher education system. Status as a "public trust" set UC on a spectacular course, helping it to create an internal academic culture and drive to meet the socioeconomic needs of the state relatively free of the often contentious political interventions found in many other states. UC emerged as one of the most productive and prestigious university systems in the world. Yet over the past six or so decades, the unusual status of the university's governing board has been on occasions a source of frustration for lawmakers who have wanted to be more directly involved in controlling and formulating university policy, from admissions practices and tuition, to how funds are raised and spent, what academic programs UC should or should not provide, and proposals to revise the membership and authority of the Regents. The following provides an historical account of how and why the University of California gained this unusual level of autonomy. In essence, and in the context of 1870s California, delegates to the state's second and last constitutional convention in 1878 heard the complaints of UC's president Daniel Coit Gilman shortly before he left in frustration to become the head of Johns Hopkins University, and chose to protect it from further "legislative control and popular clamor." Ultimately, the delegates and the voters chose the university's lay board with a representative mix of Californians and lawmakers, the Regents, over the legislature as the best way to organize and promote UC.
- Published
- 2015
103. Labor Market Returns to Community College Awards: Evidence from Michigan. A CAPSEE Working Paper
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Center for Analysis of Postsecondary Education and Employment (CAPSEE), Bahr, Peter Riley, Dynarski, Susan, Jacob, Brian, Kreisman, Daniel, Sosa, Alfredo, and Wiederspan, Mark
- Abstract
We examine the relative labor market gains experienced by first-time college students who enrolled in five community colleges in Michigan in 2003 and 2004. We track credentials, credits, earnings, and employment for these students through 2011. We compare labor market outcomes of those who earned a credential (associate degree or certificate) to those who enrolled but did not earn a credential. The data sources consist of administrative records data from the colleges, Unemployment Insurance earnings data from the State of Michigan, and enrollment and graduation data from the National Student Clearinghouse. Our analytic sample consists of 20,581 students. We find that students who were awarded a long-term certificate (referred to as a "diploma" in some states, including North Carolina) earned $2,500 to $3,600 more per year than did those without a credential, with the larger returns concentrated among men. For associate degrees, the estimated returns were $9,400 for women and $5,600 for men. Women saw little gain when awarded a short-term certificate, while men gained $5,200 per year. Estimated returns were highest in health-related and technical fields. Two appendices are included: (1) Analysis of Non-Credit Courses and Awards; and (2) Coding of Fields and Subfields of Study.
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- 2015
104. The Value of Postsecondary Credentials in the Labor Market: An Experimental Study. A CAPSEE Working Paper
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Center for Analysis of Postsecondary Education and Employment (CAPSEE), Deming, David J., Yuchtman, Noam, Abulafi, Amira, Goldin, Claudia, and Katz, Lawrence F.
- Abstract
We study employers' perceptions of postsecondary degrees using a field experiment. We randomly assign the sector and selectivity of institution to fictitious resumes and send them to real vacancy postings on a large online job board. According to our results, a bachelor's degree in business from a for-profit "online" institution is 22 percent less likely to receive a callback than a similar degree from a non-selective public institution. Degrees from selective public institutions are relatively more likely to receive callbacks from employers posting higher-salaried jobs, suggesting that employers value college quality and the likelihood of a successful match when contacting applicants. "Measuring Job Quality by Collecting Job Title-Specific Salaries" is appended.
- Published
- 2014
105. CASP Position Paper: Specific Learning Disabilities and Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses
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Christo, Catherine and Ponzuric, Jenny
- Abstract
California Association of School Psychologists (CASP) adopted a Position Paper in March, 2014 intended to support school psychologists in California in electing to use a process known as Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses (PSW) as one of three methods specified in IDEA 2014 and California Code of Regulations, Title 5, to identify students being assessed for Specific Learning Disability (SLD). The CASP Position Paper recommends use of a Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) for assisting students who are experiencing learning difficulties. Suggested methods include a comprehensive evaluation using data from multiple sources such as response to instruction and intervention, direct observations across time and settings, record reviews, interviews, and direct assessment to identify the student's strengths and weaknesses in cognitive and academic skill areas. Critical elements of the PSW model are described.
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- 2017
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106. They're Doing What? A Brief Paper on Service Use and Attitudes in ASD Community-Based Agencies
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Pickard, Katherine, Meza, Rosemary, Drahota, Amy, and Brikho, Brigitte
- Abstract
This brief article examines the community services delivered to youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a Southern Californian city as a way to better understand ASD service provision and service attitudes. Specific goals of the study were to identify the services being delivered within the area, and how the use, perceived evidence, and value attached to these services mapped onto recent systematic ASD service reviews. Forty-six providers completed the ASD Strategies and Interventions Survey (ASD-SIS), which consisted of 21 treatment strategies and 22 interventions packages commonly used with children with ASD. Participants: (1) indicated each treatment strategy and intervention package they use, and (2) rated the perceived evidence and value of each treatment strategy and intervention package they endorsed using. Results demonstrated that a variety of treatment strategies and intervention packages, both with and without an established evidence base, were reportedly being delivered to youth with ASD through community-based agencies. Additionally, a large number of providers reported not knowing the evidence of many treatment strategies and intervention packages. Finally, although no relationship was found between evidence base and use, perceived evidence, and value for treatment strategies, providers reported significantly higher use, perceived evidence, and value for established intervention packages. Results demonstrate the need to more effectively disseminate strategies that can support providers in selecting services to deliver to youth with ASD, and underscore the need to better understand the community service landscape on a larger scale.
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- 2018
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107. The Impact of COVID-19 on Community College Enrollment and Student Success: Evidence from California Administrative Data. Working Paper 28715
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National Bureau of Economic Research, Bulman, George, and Fairlie, Robert W.
- Abstract
Enrollment increased slightly at both the California State University and University of California systems in fall 2020, but the effects of the pandemic on enrollment in the California Community College system are mostly unknown and might differ substantially from the effects on 4-year colleges. This paper provides the first analysis of how the pandemic impacted enrollment patterns and the academic outcomes of community college students using administrative college-level panel data covering the universe of students in the 116-college California Community College system. We find that community college enrolment dropped precipitously in fall 2020 -- the total number of enrolled students fell by 4 percent in spring 2020 and by 15 percent in fall 2020 relative to the prior year. All racial and ethnic groups experienced large enrollment decreases in spring and fall 2020, but African-American and Latinx students experienced the largest drops at 17 percent in fall 2020. Enrollment fell the most for first-year students in the community college system, basic skills courses, and fields such as engineering/industrial technology, education, interdisciplinary studies, and art. There were smaller decreases for continuing students, academic courses transferable to four-year institutions, and business and science fields. Enrollment losses were felt throughout the entire community college system, and there is no evidence that having a large online presence in prior years protected colleges from these effects. In terms of course performance, there was a larger disruption to completion rates, withdrawal rates, and grades in spring 2020 than in fall 2020. These early findings of the effects of the pandemic at community colleges, which serve higher percentages of lower-income and minority students, have implications for policy, impending budgetary pressures, and future research. [Note: Data from fall 2020 might overstate enrollment losses due to misinterpretation of data that coincides with variation in college/district submission and verification as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The California Community College Chancellor's Office is reviewing the processes in consultation with college and district stakeholders to produce complete, accurate, and verified revised data.]
- Published
- 2021
108. The Long-Run Impacts of Mexican-American School Desegregation. Working Paper 29200
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National Bureau of Economic Research, Antman, Francisca M., and Cortes, Kalena
- Abstract
We present the first quantitative analysis of the impact of ending de jure segregation of Mexican-American school children in the United States by examining the effects of the 1947 Mendez v. Westminster court decision on long-run educational attainment for Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites in California. Our identification strategy relies on comparing individuals across California counties that vary in their likelihood of segregating and across birth cohorts that vary in their exposure to the Mendez court ruling based on school start age. Results point to a significant increase in educational attainment for Hispanics who were fully exposed to school desegregation.
- Published
- 2021
109. Paper Thin? Why All High School Diplomas Are Not Created Equal
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Alliance for Excellent Education and Almond, Monica
- Abstract
Of the nearly 100 different types of high school diplomas that are awarded across all fifty states and the District of Columbia, less than half prepare students for success in college and career. And while the national high school graduation rate is at an all-time high, the rate at which students earn these college- and career-ready (CCR) diplomas is substantially lower, especially among students from low-income families, students of color, and other traditionally underserved students. "Paper Thin? Why All High School Diplomas Are Not Created Equal" provides a state-by-state analysis of the different types of diplomas that states awarded to the Class of 2014 and the impact on traditionally underserved students. [Robyn Harper, Francisco Jaimes, Liz Spurgeon, and Sean Bradley contributed to this report.]
- Published
- 2017
110. A Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Tulsa Universal Pre-K Program. Upjohn Institute Working Paper 16-261
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W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Bartik, Timothy J., Belford, Jonathan A., Gormley, William T., and Anderson, Sara
- Abstract
In this paper, benefits and costs are estimated for a universal pre-K program, provided by Tulsa Public Schools. Benefits are derived from estimated effects of Tulsa pre-K on retention by grade 9. Retention effects are projected to dollar benefits from future earnings increases and crime reductions. Based on these estimates, Tulsa pre-K has benefits that exceed costs by about 2-to-1. This benefit cost ratio is far less than the much higher benefit-cost ratios (ranging from 8-to-1 to 16-to-1) for more targeted and intensive pre-K programs, such as Perry Preschool and the Chicago Child-Parent Center (CPC) program. Comparing benefit-cost results from different studies suggests that our more modest estimates are due to two factors: 1) smaller percentage effects of pre-K on future earnings and crime in Tulsa than in Perry and CPC, and 2) smaller baseline crime rates in Tulsa than in the Perry and CPC comparison groups. Appended are: (1) More Details on the Estimated Effects of Tulsa Pre-K on Grade Retention; (2) More Details on the Estimated Effects of Grade Retention on Earnings and Crime; and (3) Sensitivity of Results to Alternative Assumptions and Estimates.
- Published
- 2016
111. Youth and Caseworker Perspectives on Older Adolescents in California Foster Care: Youths' Education Status and Services. Chapin Hall Discussion Paper
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Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago, Okpych, Nathanael J., Courtney, Mark E., and Charles, Pajarita
- Abstract
This paper examines the educational status of and services available to older adolescents in foster care in California, both from the viewpoint of the young people themselves and from the viewpoint of caseworkers who work with foster youth. Not only does California have the largest state foster care population in the nation, it also is one of the early adopters of the Fostering Connections law. Unlike most of the youth included in previous studies, these youth are subject to the new era of extended foster care. Three specific areas are examined in the paper: the educational history and status of older adolescents in care, the perception of how ready these youth are to pursue their educational goals, and the availability and helpfulness of education-related services. This is one of the first analyses that simultaneously considers these issues from the perspective of the youth and the child welfare professionals who oversee their care. Since California is a geographically diverse state, the authors examine whether urbanicity affects the educational experiences of youth and the educational systems and resources at their disposal. Counties are grouped into three categories: rural/mostly rural, urban, and large urban.
- Published
- 2015
112. The Effect of Course Shutouts on Community College Students: Evidence from Waitlist Cutoffs. NBER Working Paper No. 26376
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National Bureau of Economic Research, Robles, Silvia, Gross, Max, and Fairlie, Robert W.
- Abstract
One frequently cited yet understudied channel through which money matters for college students is course availability--colleges may respond to budgetary pressure by reducing course offerings. Open admissions policies, binding class size constraints, and heavy reliance on state funding may make this channel especially salient at community colleges, which enroll 47% of U.S. undergraduates in public colleges and 55% of underrepresented minority students. We use administrative course registration data from a large community college in California to test this mechanism. By exploiting discontinuities in course admissions created by waitlists, we find that students stuck on a waitlist and shut out of a course section were 25% more likely to take zero courses that term relative to a baseline of 10%. Shutouts also increased transfer rates to nearby, but potentially lower quality, two-year colleges. These results document that course availability--even through a relatively small friction--can interrupt and distort community college students' educational trajectories.
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- 2019
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113. Towards a Digital Equity Foundation: Best Practices for Governance, Accountability, & Transparency for Foundations Established with Public Assets
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New America Foundation and Bell, Charles
- Abstract
In April 2021, New America's Open Technology Institute (OTI) and the Philanthropication thru Privatization Project (PtP) released a joint proposal that the federal government should invest a substantial portion of the windfall proceeds from future auctions of public airwaves (spectrum) to seed a new Digital Equity Foundation dedicated to addressing equity gaps in broadband adoption and affordability, education, telehealth, access to government services, and other critical areas. The next step in realizing this vision is now in the hands of Congress and other federal policymakers, as allocation of spectrum auction proceeds to support the creation of a Digital Equity Foundation requires legislation. Policymakers will also play a critical role in establishing the guidelines for the creation of an initial foundation board and mission. This paper serves to help flesh out the options for how that could be accomplished, drawing on a review of existing foundations created with public and nonprofit assets to identify best practices for how to start a foundation with public, quasi-public, or nonprofit funds. This paper is structured in five parts. Part I provides a brief overview of the proposed Digital Equity Foundation; Part II, examines some key examples of existing U.S. foundations that illustrate the use of public or quasi-public funds to support priority public needs; Part III, explores ways the proposed Digital Equity Foundation might be structured and organized to achieve its programmatic goals to advance digital equity and inclusion, while operating with appropriate transparency and public accountability; Part IV, considers additional legal considerations that surfaced in a review of foundations previously established under federal legislation; and Part V, provides a summary of concrete recommendations for the proposed foundation. [This report is a joint product of the Open Technology Institute at New America and the Philanthropication thru Privation Project.]
- Published
- 2022
114. A Commentary on Process Improvements to Reduce Manual Tasks and Paper at Covid-19 Mass Vaccination Points of Dispensing in California.
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Yan, Eric G. and Arzt, Noam H.
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USER-centered system design , *PATIENT aftercare , *IMMUNIZATION , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL office management , *COVID-19 vaccines , *MANAGEMENT information systems , *USER interfaces , *INTERNET , *MEDICAL protocols , *SOFTWARE architecture , *DOCUMENTATION , *SURVEYS , *AUTOMATION , *MEDICAL records , *QUALITY assurance , *CLOUD computing , *ELECTRONIC health records , *TEXT messages , *MEDICAL appointments , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *VIDEO recording - Abstract
My Turn is software used to manage several Covid-19 mass vaccination campaigns in California. The objective of this article is to describe the use of My Turn at two points of dispensing in California and comment on process improvements to reduce manual tasks of six identified processes of vaccination–registration, scheduling, administration, documentation, follow-up, and digital vaccine record–and paper. We reviewed publicly available documents of My Turn and patients vaccinated at George R. Moscone Convention Center in San Francisco and Oakland Coliseum Community Vaccination Clinic. For publicly available documents of My Turn, we examined videos of My Turn on YouTube, and documentation from EZIZ, the website for the California Vaccines for Children Program. For patients, we examined publicly available vaccination record cards on Instagram and Google. At the George R. Moscone Convention Center, 329,608 vaccines doses were given. At the Oakland Coliseum Community Vaccination Clinic, more than 500,000 vaccine doses were administered. The use of My Turn can be used to reduce manual tasks and paper for mass vaccinating patients against Covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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115. Dangerous Papers: Building an Archive of Antiprison Resistance.
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Speer, Jessie and Jones, Stephen Cassidy
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SOLITARY confinement , *HISTORY of archives , *ARCHIVES , *PUBLIC universities & colleges , *SCHOOL libraries , *OPEN universities - Abstract
Archives are not straightforward repositories of history. Instead, they authorize which stories are remembered. In this article we apply the insights of cultural geographers and other influential scholars of archives to analyze the political dimensions of archiving activist histories. A small group of antiprison activists produced a personal archive during the 1990s and 2000s documenting brutality behind bars and efforts to dismantle solitary confinement in California prisons. After being deemed too dangerous to be opened to the public by university archivists, and without a permanent home, the papers were at risk of being lost to history. By presenting our work building this archive, we analyze the limitations of institutional libraries and the vital role played by individuals and independent institutions willing to preserve dangerous papers, and we show how preserving histories of state violence and opposition can become a deeply personal and risky endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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116. Are the Mission Statements of Two Large U.S. Public Business University Systems Inspiring? You Decide!
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James I. Schaap and Angel F. González
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Mission statements have become increasingly important for the accreditation of business universities and colleges. Thus, understanding similarities and differences in the content of business school mission statements is especially timely. The mission statement is also the first component of the strategic management process. It provides the framework or context within which strategies are formulated. This descriptive/informative study aims to present a background that describes and explains institutional mission statements and removes the so-called uncertainty encompassing the foci while preserving exceptional quality--a necessary quality for a compelling mission statement. We question whether all California State University (CSU) and The State University of New York (SUNY) business colleges/schools have developed enduring and inspiring mission statements for their employees and students? While no specific rule regarding length exists, we examined the word count length of these two school system mission statements. Institutions must not make their mission statements too long or too short, or they will risk losing focus and missing essential elements to guide their organization. The mission statement must be long enough to achieve its purpose. Based on our findings, we recommend that all CSU and SUNY campuses embrace a more straightforward, easy-to-understand, hard-hitting, lasting, and inspirational mission statement for their business colleges/schools, one directly relevant to faculty, staff, students, and their families.
- Published
- 2023
117. Guided by Principles: Shaping the State of California's Role in K-12 Public School Facility Funding. Policy Research Working Paper
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Cities and Schools and University of California, Berkeley. Institute of Urban and Regional Development (IURD)
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The Governor, members of the legislature and other key stakeholders have identified concerns about the State of California's approach to funding K-12 school facilities, but they have not yet formulated a consensus going forward on the state role and responsibilities for school district facilities. To inform the school facilities funding policy debate this policy brief proposes the following principles to guide policy decisions about the State of California's facility funding role and provides an analysis of school facility indicators: (1) Equity; (2) Local District Effort and Accountability; (3) Fiscal Stability and Predictability; (4) Facilities Adequacy; and (5) Program Simplicity. [For the full paper, "Guided by Principles. Shaping the State of California's Role in K-12 Public School Facility Funding. Full Policy Research Working Paper," see ED573775.]
- Published
- 2015
118. The Goldilocks Method: The "Just Right" Method of Tackling Those Stacks of Ungraded Papers.
- Author
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Kitchen, Callie
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STUDENTS ,PAPER ,ABSTRACTING ,LISTENING ,ATTENTION - Abstract
The aticle reports on Goldilocks methods of Stacks of Ungraded students Papers. Topics discussed include showing actively reading and listening to their ideas by summarizing what they were attempting to accomplish in their paper; identify the higher-order issue in their work; and provide a specific solution for the localized problem.
- Published
- 2018
119. Office Waste Paper.
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RECYCLING industry ,PAPER industry - Abstract
Business use of office paper has declined in the past decade and recycling rates have risen, yet office waste paper remains a major sustainability issue for businesses. The EPA estimates that 90 percent of all office waste consists of paper. Commercial sources generated 35 to 45 percent of the 254 million tons of municipal solid waste produced in the US in 2007, nearly one-third of which consisted of paper or paperboard. Even as recycling increases, millions of tons of recyclable office paper products continue to get landfilled each year. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
120. Investigate the Effect of Paper Sludge Ash Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Granular Materials.
- Author
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Al-Hdabi, Abbas, Fakhraldin, Mohammed K., Al-Fatlawy, Rasha A., and Ali, Tawfek Sheer
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MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,FLUIDIZED-bed combustion ,IGNITION temperature ,CEMENT admixtures ,GRANULAR materials ,PORTLAND cement ,WASTE paper - Abstract
Ignition of waste paper sludge at elevated temperatures to produce electricity in power generation plants utilizing fluidized bed combustion generates paper sludge ash. Due to the high concentration of lime and gelignite in paper sludge ash, it is expected that it will play a vital role as a cementitious material. This paper investigates the use of paper sludge ash to improve the mechanical properties of the granular materials, which are suitable to subbase course for road and building constructions. Also, a comparison study with the use of Portland cement as an additive to granular materials has been covered. The mechanical properties were evaluated by conducting the California bearing ratio test for the two adopted methods. Moreover, the compressive strength of the samples using paper sludge ash and cement are investigated. In accordance to the California bearing ratio test, 4% paper sludge ash was indicated as the optimum ash content at which the California bearing ratio value increased by 173% and 111% in comparison with untreated material and 6% cement, respectively. On the other hand, and by means of the compressive strength, the granular materials with 4% paper sludge ash has compressive strength higher than those with 6% cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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121. White Paper Executive Summary for the First Fragile Infant Forum for Integration of Standards (FIFI-S): Feeding, Eating, and Nutrition Delivery based on the Recommended Standards, Competencies, and Best Practices for Infant and Family-Centered Developmental Care in Intensive Care Monrovia, CA July 13-15, 2022.
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Browne, Joy V. and Jaeger, Carol
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FOOD habits , *INFANT development , *INFANT care , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *INFANT nutrition , *DIET therapy , *FAMILY-centered care , *HUMAN services programs , *PROFESSIONAL competence , *CRITICAL care medicine , *SYSTEM analysis , *QUALITY assurance , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations - Abstract
The article reports that the field of Infant and Family Centered Developmental Care has advanced an integrated into intensive care policies and procedures. Topics include research has emerged to support a variety of practices to modify the caregiving environments for babies and families in intensive care; and Using evidence-based continuous quality improvement tools and implementation science helped participants outline how standards could be implemented in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
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- 2022
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122. Paper integration: The structural constraints and consequences of the US refugee resettlement program.
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Fee, Molly
- Subjects
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REFUGEE resettlement , *REFUGEE resettlement services , *LAND settlement , *CORPORATE culture , *GOVERNMENT programs , *SOCIAL workers , *BUREAUCRACY - Abstract
The migration literature contends that, unlike other immigrants, refugees resettled in the US benefit from a federal program of integration. These claims do not consider the barriers that may complicate the implementation of resettlement policy. Based on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork at a refugee resettlement agency in California, I argue that the organizational structure of the US Resettlement Program shapes how caseworkers provide resettlement services on a daily basis. The financial insecurity of Resettlement Agencies coupled with high stakes government oversight creates an organizational culture of vulnerability where caseworkers rely on discretion as they put resettlement policy into practice. Caseworkers develop coping mechanisms to get by as they simultaneously attend to the demands of their funders and their refugee clients. Given these structural constraints and limited resources, caseworkers instrumentalize paperwork as a discretionary tool. When files and documents are privileged over the quality and extent of resettlement services, caseworkers creatively utilize paperwork to separate policy from practice in order to protect themselves and appease their refugee clients. This policy of integration instead becomes a practice of paper integration , which problematizes prior theories and assumptions about US refugee resettlement. This practice of paper integration ultimately affects the services that arriving refugees receive and the degree to which they benefit from this ostensible program of integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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123. Safe nurse staffing policies for hospitals in England, Ireland, California, Victoria and Queensland: A discussion paper.
- Author
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Van den Heede K, Cornelis J, Bouckaert N, Bruyneel L, Van de Voorde C, and Sermeus W
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- California, England, Hospitals, Humans, Ireland, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Policy, Queensland, Victoria, Workforce, Nurses, Nursing Staff, Hospital
- Abstract
Objective: The association between higher registered nurses (RN) staffing (educational level and number) and better patient and nurse outcomes is well-documented. This discussion paper aims to provide an overview of safe staffing policies in various high-income countries to identify reform trends in response to recurring nurse workforce challenges., Methods: Based on a scan of the literature five cases were selected: England (UK), Ireland, California (USA), Victoria and Queensland (Australia). Information was gathered via a review of the grey and peer-reviewed literature. Country experts were consulted for additional information and to review country reports., Results: The focus of safe staffing policies varies: increasing transparency about staffing decisions (England), matching actual and required staffing levels based on patient acuity measurement (Ireland), mandated patient-to-nurse ratios at the level of the nurse (California) or the ward (Victoria, Queensland). Calibration of the number of patients by the number of nurses varies across cases. Nevertheless, positive effects on the nursing workforce (increased bedside staffing) and staff well-being (increased job satisfaction) have been consistently documented. The impact on patient outcomes is promising but less well evidenced., Conclusion: Countries will have to set safe staffing policies to tackle challenges such as the ageing population and workforce shortages. Various approaches may prove effective, but need to be accompanied by a comprehensive policy that enhances bedside nurse staffing in an evidence-based, objective and transparent way., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no declarations of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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124. An Evaluation of Spray Rig Designs for California Strawberries Using Water-Sensitive Paper.
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Fink, Caleb, Banuelos, J., Rossi, L., Barker, M., Edsall, M., Olivier, D., and Lin, J.
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- *
STRAWBERRIES , *PLANT canopies , *SPRAYING , *SPRAYING & dusting in agriculture , *PEST control , *NOZZLES , *BEDS - Abstract
The aim of this work was to fill the gap in California pest management by evaluating coverage and spatial uniformity of spray rig designs used in California strawberry production. Coverage can be improved up to 30% if the important design parameters are identified, which would reduce pests. Field evaluations were conducted in beds with 4 canopy lines in Santa Maria, CA on 162 cm beds and in Oxnard, CA on 172 cm beds as well as in beds with 2 canopy lines in Watsonville, CA on 122 cm beds and 132 cm beds. Water-sensitive paper cards placed adaxial and abaxial, both horizontally and vertically on plant canopies located near the middle and edge of the bed were used as the evaluation criteria. Data were analyzed by regression. Results from spray evaluations (n = 21) included recording the nozzle used, manifold height, number of nozzles per bed, volume sprayed, nozzle pressure, and tractor speed, as well as determining the percent coverage from 1,568 water-sensitive spray cards. Increasing nozzle pressure can potentially increase coverage by 9.18%. Positioning the nozzle closer to the canopy level can also significantly increase coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
125. Paper Spirits and Flower Sacrifices: Hmong Shamans in the 21st Century.
- Author
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Helsel D
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asian statistics & numerical data, California, Culturally Competent Care, Female, Grounded Theory, Humans, Male, Medicine, Traditional statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Asian psychology, Medicine, Traditional methods, Shamanism
- Abstract
Introduction: Fresno, California, is home to more than 30,000 Hmong. The purpose of this research was to explore the utilization of Hmong shamans 40 years after the first Hmong immigrants arrived in the United States. Hmong shamanism is examined to identify and analyze changes to shamans' practices or patients., Methods: Using grounded theory, semistructured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 20 shamans in their homes. Transcribed data were qualitatively analyzed., Results: Shamans continue to train and practice in this community; utilization by older patients persists while young adult patients have become the fastest-growing group of users. Healing rituals have changed in response to the legalities of animal sacrifice in urban areas and the time demands of work schedules., Discussion: Nurses' awareness that the availability of biomedicine does not preclude the continuing or recurring utilization of traditional healers can facilitate understanding of culturally defined health care needs.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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126. Practical Guide for State Education Agencies to Promote Success of English Learners PreK-Grade 3
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Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO), Center on Enhancing Early Learning Outcomes (CEELO), and Figueras-Daniel, Alexandra
- Abstract
This guide aims to support state education agencies and early education partners develop coherent, research-based policy by guiding thinking, discussion, data collection, and gap analyses of current practices and policies that can lead to more intentional decision making relative to young Dual Language Learners (DLL) and English Learners (EL). This guide prioritizes 6 of 13 big ideas presented in the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report, "Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English: Promising Futures," which provides focused, actionable steps that State Education Agencies (SEAs) can take. The State of Preschool 2017 special report on state policies for young DLLs from the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) found that of nine policy requirements for effectively serving preschool DLLs, 26 state-funded programs out of a total of 60 lack any policy to support the DLLs enrolled in their programs. Also, this guide prioritizes the significance of data collection at the state level, as several recent research reports note the extent to which this data on the implementation of policy specific to this population is missing. For example, The State of Preschool 2017 reports that of 60 state-funded preschool programs in the U.S., only 26 are able to report the home language of children being served in their programs. The lack of information about home language is just one example of missing data; these data gaps among state-funded preschool programs are perilous as they create missed opportunities to provide access and quality to DLLs in significant ways. While the NIEER state preschool yearbook reports only state policy, there may be local policies or practices that do help inform opportunities for DLLs and create coherence across districts and grades. Increased awareness among SEAs of these policies and practices from PreK to grade 3 programs could facilitate development of relevant statewide policy. Indeed, this can only be done through systematic data collection and communications between and among SEAs and LEAs. [For the NASEM report "Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English: Promising Futures. Consensus Study Report," see ED582056.]
- Published
- 2019
127. What Does It Cost to Educate California's Students? A Professional Judgement Approach. Technical Report. Appendices. Getting Down to Facts II
- Author
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Stanford University, Policy Analysis for California Education (PACE), American Institutes for Research (AIR), Levin, Jesse, de los Reyes, Iliana Brodziak, Atchison, Drew, Manship, Karen, Arellanes, Melissa, and Hu, Lynn
- Abstract
This document contains the following nine appendixes of the main report, "What Does It Cost to Educate California's Students? A Professional Judgment Approach. Technical Report. Getting Down to Facts II": (1) Professional Judgement Panel General Instructions; (2) Professional Judgement Panel. Task Instructions; (3) School Resource Profiles; (4) Suggested Reading for Professional Judgement Panelists; (5) Professional Judgement Panelist Information; (6) Program Design Documents; (7) Professional Judgement Panelist Cost Estimates; (8) Descriptive Statistics; and (9) Explanation of Update to Study Findings. [For the main report, see ED594739.]
- Published
- 2018
128. What Does It Cost to Educate California's Students? A Professional Judgment Approach. Technical Report. Getting Down to Facts II
- Author
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Stanford University, Policy Analysis for California Education (PACE), American Institutes for Research (AIR), Levin, Jesse, de los Reyes, Iliana Brodziak, Atchison, Drew, Manship, Karen, Arellanes, Melissa, and Hu, Lynn
- Abstract
This report presents the results of a thorough study conducted by American Institutes for Research (AIR) to investigate the cost of providing an "adequate" education to California students attending public elementary, middle, and high schools. The study addresses the following question: "What is the cost of providing all California public school students with access to the California content standards and achieving appropriate levels of proficiency in accordance with standards established by the California Department of Education?" The AIR research team employed a professional judgment approach to costing out an adequate education. This approach leveraged the knowledge and experience of groups of expert educators, known as professional judgment panels (PJPs), to develop school programs that are capable of delivering an adequate education. For the purposes of this study, an adequate education was defined as providing access to instructional programs consistent with the California content standards and providing the opportunity to achieve the proficiency standards established by the California State Board of Education. The PJPs' school program designs needed to deliver adequate education at a minimum cost, and in a variety of contexts with different enrollment sizes and different student needs (i.e., different proportions of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, students classified as English learners [ELs], and students enrolled in special education). Chapters in the report include: (1) Introduction and Overview; (2) Measuring Adequacy Cost Estimates through the Professional Judgment Approach; (3) Translating Resource Specifications into Cost Estimates; (4) "Costing Out" California Adequacy: The Results; (5) Summary and Conclusion. [For the appendices to this report, see ED594741. For a related research summary, see "Working Toward K-12 Funding Adequacy: California's Current Policies and Funding Levels. Research Brief. Getting Down to Facts II" (ED594719).]
- Published
- 2018
129. Counter-Spacing in the Institution: Undocumented Student Organizing at a Community College from 2006 to 2021
- Author
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Rachel E. Freeman-Wong
- Abstract
Undocumented youth have been powerful leaders in the undocumented immigrant rights movement to advance a more just society for immigrant communities (Nicholls, 2013; Perez, 2016). Community colleges are important spaces in the higher education sector because most undocumented college students attend community colleges (Teranishi et al., 2011). This dissertation study seeks to better understand the priorities and experiences of undocumented community college students who organize for institutional support for undocumented students. This study is guided by theories on counter-spaces in Critical Race Theory (Solorzano et al., 2000), spaces where Students of Color create a sense of safety and community with each other. The methods for this study are a case study of one community college in California, Western College (pseudonym), that has robust programs for undocumented students such as an Undocumented Student Resource Center and a designated staff position that works with undocumented students. Research questions asked how undocumented students organized for programs at Western College from 2006 to 2021, how they navigated power dynamics on campus, and how they reflected on their experiences. Data collection comprised 26 interviews with 11 undocumented student alumni, five current students attending Western College in 2021, and eight staff and faculty. I also analyzed over 50 documents such as webpages and institutional statements. Findings show how undocumented students envisioned building a counter-space for undocumented students where they could feel safe and comfortable away from the dominant campus culture of exclusion and hostility. They wanted support and guidance from staff, faculty, and administrators, but they made it clear they aspired to maintain the essence of a counter-space by keeping their programs student-led. As they reflected on their experiences, they were impressed by the number of resources available at their 4-year universities once they transferred, but they ultimately missed the intimate sense of community at Western College. They also sought to reproduce the counter-space they created at Western College in their areas of work. This study has implications for research, policy, and practice about the development of institutionalized counter-spaces. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2022
130. Governors' Top Education Priorities in 2018 State of the State Addresses. Education Trends
- Author
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Education Commission of the States, Whinnery, Erin, and Pompelia, Sarah
- Abstract
A governor's State of the State address is an opportunity to outline policy priorities, highlight past accomplishments and reflect on the condition of the state and country. In 2018, 17 governors are serving their last year in office, having reached the end of their term or deciding not to seek re-election. Many of them used their State of the State addresses to emphasize the importance of collegiality among policymakers. When governing bodies function well, the state and its citizens reap the benefits--a principal benefit being an education that prepares citizens for well-paying jobs. Each year, Education Commission of the States tracks, analyzes and identifies trends in education policy proposals featured in governors' State of the State addresses. To date, 44 governors have delivered their 2018 addresses. The top six education priorities across states are discussed in this report: (1) School Finance; (2) Workforce Development; (3) Postsecondary Affordability; (4) Career and Technical Education; (5) Teacher Quality; and (6) Early Learning.
- Published
- 2018
131. WORKING PAPER: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PREVENTION EDUCATION FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.
- Author
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Sangit, Marina
- Subjects
VIOLENCE prevention ,MIDDLE school education ,SECONDARY education ,HIGH school students ,DOMESTIC violence ,MIDDLE school student attitudes ,AWARENESS - Abstract
This article is an excerpt of a master's thesis paper. It is titled working because when this paper is submitted to the Pepperdine Policy Review Journal, the author will still be making edits and changes to the content, recommendations, and organization of her research. This purpose of this excerpt submission is to raise awareness about the inaction of the state of California to prevent domestic violence for middle school and high school students through prevention education, substantiated by the author's case studies analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
132. Paper's patrons: digitisation, new media and the sponsorship of sacred Tibetan books in California.
- Author
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Binning, A. C.
- Subjects
SACRED books ,LANDSCAPES ,TIBETAN Buddhism ,INVECTIVE - Abstract
This paper focuses on the sacred text-production work of a Nyingma Buddhist group based in Berkeley, California. It unpacks their selective engagement with the tools afforded to them by digitisation and new media. Digitisation projects – appearing in growing numbers – offer a powerful resource for the re-assembly of Tibetan Buddhist textual collections scattered in the political upheaval of recent decades. Yet the meeting place between the digital and the sacred is sometimes contested in this context where sacred text is an embodiment of the Buddha's speech. This paper argues that the choice to print ink-and-paper texts is more than a simple rehearsal of tradition and in fact demands alternative forms of engagement with the potential offered by media tools. It explores how the moral invectives contained within sacred Tibetan texts become reshaped through the prisms of contemporary media and the American sponsorship landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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133. A comparison of methods for excluding light from stems to evaluate stem photosynthesis.
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Valverdi, Nadia A., Acosta, Camilla, Dauber, Gabriella R., Goldsmith, Gregory R., and Ávila‐Lovera, Eleinis
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SURFACE temperature ,AVOCADO ,HUMIDITY ,PHOTOSYNTHESIS ,WATER vapor ,CARBON dioxide ,ALUMINUM foil - Abstract
Copyright of Applications in Plant Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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134. Reconstitutive process in the psychopathology of the self1 : The following paper by J.W. Perry is published with permission from the Annals of the New York Academy of the Sciences where it was first published in January 1962. It was later republished by the San Francisco Jung Institute in 1971. For some readers the paper is an enlightening foray into the depth and breadth of Perry's original research carried out in San Francisco. It offers a significant analytical perspective on the psychotic process and schizophrenia, built on Jung's early work at the Burghölzli. For others, who are already familiar with Perry's work, the editors view its republication in this Journal as furthering the historical continuity of the important thread of research and clinical thought on psychosis and schizophrenia in analytical psychology. https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb50168.x.
- Author
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Perry, John Weir
- Subjects
JUNGIAN psychology ,MEDICAL research ,DEVELOPMENTAL psychology ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,PSYCHOSES ,BIRTH order ,PSYCHOANALYTIC interpretation - Abstract
The archetype of the self underlies the ego-complex at its root and source in the unconscious. None of these assigns to the self the role that I feel to be so essential in the syndrome. SP 50-52 sp In regard to the method of study of these processes of the archaic, unconscious psyche in psychosis, I find myself baffled as to how to set up anything like a scientific approach to the material. In this hypothesis the model is easy to visualize but difficult to understand in terms of experience; the self is seen in this case as the center of the total psychic organism, and the ego is subsumed within this totality as the center of the field of consciousness only, that is, of contents accessible to consciousness; between the two are the autonomous complexes, which are groupings of contents not accessible to ego-consciousness (Figure 1). Reconstitutive process in the psychopathology of the self
1 : The following paper by J.W. Perry is published with permission from the Annals of the New York Academy of the Sciences where it was first published in January 1962. The imagery I refer to is a whole class of symbolic representations of centrality and organization, of order and highest authority; I hope to demonstrate that in these we see representations of the self and processes that transform or reorganize the self in the unconscious psyche. [Extracted from the article]- Published
- 2021
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135. Examining the Practices of Generating an Aim Statement in a Teacher Preparation Networked Improvement Community
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Sandoval, Carlos and Van Es, Elizabeth A.
- Abstract
Background and Context: Continuous improvement and networked improvement science have emerged as prominent approaches to improving schools. Although continuous improvement approaches have generated promising results in education, how these efforts come to be enacted remains a crucial question that can generate insight into how these approaches can be improved. Purpose and Objective: Our study is focused on understanding how improvement is performed by focusing on the process of generating a shared aim statement in a teacher-preparation improvement network. We seek to understand how practitioners within a network (a) engage a central tension (between language acquisition and multilingualism), (b) negotiate this tension, and (c) reach a settlement that results in a shared aim. Setting: This study takes place in a teacher-preparation improvement network as part of the California Teacher Education Research and Improvement Network (CTERIN). The focus of the network centered on improving the preparation of candidates to build on multilingual students' strengths. Participants: The improvement network that is the focus of our research consists of 49 teacher educators across eight teacher preparation programs as well as three facilitators who were part of CTERIN, including the two authors of this study. Research Design: Our analysis examines the interactions among teacher educators and improvement facilitators to unveil the practices that they engaged in to produce a shared aim. Data for this study include audio and video recordings of three 90-minute videoconference meetings, audio-video of a two-day in-person convening, and improvement artifacts such as fishbone and driver diagrams. Findings: Our study highlights the range of practices that practitioners engaged in and how those evolved as they negotiated and settled a tension between language acquisition and multilingualism. As the process of generating an aim unfolded, teacher educators engaged in the practices of aspirationalizing, dualizing, recentering, rerouting, clarifying, tuning, and converting. Conclusions and Recommendations: We argue that these practices make visible that the process of generating an aim statement is a complex and complicated process that requires negotiation and a recognition that some perspectives are foregrounded and others are backgrounded. Understanding this process has implications for how improvement facilitators engage practitioners in the process of doing improvement and generates theory of improvement implementation by highlighting how disparate teams, individuals, and organizations reaching sharedness requires negotiating, foregrounding, and backgrounding.
- Published
- 2021
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136. Examining the Field of Institutional Research: Toward More Equitable Practices
- Author
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Felix, Eric R., Ceballos, Diego A., Salazar, Rogelio, Vedar, Erin Nicole R., and Perez, Elizabeth Jimenez
- Abstract
As improving equity becomes prioritized in higher education, Offices of Institutional Research (OIRs) find themselves in a central position to identify and address educational inequities faced by racially minoritized students. However, their potential to serve as a catalyst for organizational change has yet to be fulfilled. In this study, we present a critical discourse analysis of mission statements to understand how these OIRs describe their function and purpose in the California Community Colleges system. Results are based on 108 reviewed statements. These results reveal a limited discourse around race and equity. None of the statements in our sample included the word race or any words stemming from it such as racism or racial disparity. The majority (86%) of statements omitted equity from their purpose, failing to describe how OIRs can serve to improve equitable outcomes in community college. Our work prompts the field to reimagine their role within the community college they serve by becoming race-conscious and equity-minded in the ways they articulate their role and function as major hubs of institutional data.
- Published
- 2021
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137. 2015 AEJMC San Francisco Conference Uniform Paper Call.
- Subjects
- SAN Francisco (Calif.), CALIFORNIA, ASSOCIATION for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication
- Abstract
The article reports that the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication's (AEJMC) Council of Divisions is inviting submission of original, non-published, English language only research papers to be considered for presentation at the AEJMC Conference from August 6-9, 2015 in San Francisco, California.
- Published
- 2015
138. Research paper. The cost of secondhand smoke exposure at home in California.
- Author
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Max, Wendy, Hai-Yen Sung, and Yanling Shi
- Subjects
- *
PASSIVE smoking , *MEDICAL care cost statistics , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *MORTALITY , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICS , *DATA analysis , *ENVIRONMENTAL exposure , *DATA analysis software , *STATISTICAL models , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Objective Healthcare and mortality costs of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home among nonsmokers in California were estimated for the year 2009. Methods Costs were estimated with an epidemiological model using California SHS home exposure rates and published relative risks. Healthcare costs included nine conditions, and mortality was estimated for four perinatal and three adult conditions. Three mortality-related measures were estimated: deaths, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and the value of lost productivity. Results SHS-attributable healthcare costs totalled over $241 million. The most costly conditions for children and adolescents were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ($7.8 million) and middle ear disease ($5.6 million). For adults, the most costly conditions were ischaemic heart disease (IHD) ($130.0 million) and asthma ($67.4 million). Deaths of 821 Californians were attributable to SHS exposure in the home, including 27 infants whose mothers smoked while pregnant and 700 adults who died from IHD. These deaths represented a loss of over 13 000 YPLL and $119 million in lost productivity. Conclusions The economic impact of SHS exposure in the home totalled $360 million in California in 2009. Policies that reduce exposure to SHS at home have great potential for reducing healthcare and mortality costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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139. Research paper. Validity of self-reported adult secondhand smoke exposure.
- Author
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Prochaska, Judith J., Grossman, William, Young-Wolff, Kelly C., and Benowitz, Neal L.
- Subjects
- *
ANALYSIS of variance , *STATISTICAL correlation , *LIQUID chromatography , *MASS spectrometry , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *SELF-evaluation , *SMOKING , *STATISTICS , *WORK environment , *ENVIRONMENTAL exposure , *COTININE , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MANN Whitney U Test ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Objectives Exposure of adults to secondhand smoke (SHS) has immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and causes coronary heart disease. The current study evaluated brief self-report screening measures for accurately identifying adult cardiology patients with clinically significant levels of SHS exposure in need of intervention. Design and setting A cross-sectional study conducted in a university-affiliated cardiology clinic and cardiology inpatient service. Patients Participants were 118 non-smoking patients (59% male, mean age=63.6 years, SD=16.8) seeking cardiology services. Main outcome measures Serum cotinine levels and self-reported SHS exposure in the past 24 h and 7 days on 13 adult secondhand exposure to smoke (ASHES) items. Results A single item assessment of SHS exposure in one’s own home in the past 7 days was significantly correlated with serum cotinine levels (r=0.41, p<0.001) with sensitivity ≥75%, specificity >85% and correct classification rates >85% at cotinine cut-off points of >0.215 and >0.80 ng/mL. The item outperformed multiitem scales, an assessment of home smoking rules, and SHS exposure assessed in other residential areas, automobiles and public settings. The sample was less accurate at self-reporting lower levels of SHS exposure (cotinine 0.05-0.215 ng/mL). Conclusions The single item ASHES-7d Home screener is brief, assesses recent SHS exposure over a week's time, and yielded the optimal balance of sensitivity and specificity. The current findings support use of the ASHES- 7d Home screener to detect SHS exposure and can be easily incorporated into assessment of other major vital signs in cardiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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140. When Theory Trumps Science: A Critique of the PSW Model for SLD Identification
- Author
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McGill, Ryan J. and Busse, R. T.
- Abstract
There has been vigorous debate within the state of California and elsewhere as to what constitutes appropriate procedures for determining whether an individual qualifies for special education and related services under the category of specific learning disability (SLD). Within the professional literature, there is growing support for educational agencies to adopt an approach to SLD identification that emphasizes the importance of an individual's pattern of cognitive and achievement strengths and weaknesses (PSW). In 2014, the California Association of School Psychologists released a position paper endorsing this approach. As a vehicle for examining the PSW model, we respond critically to three fundamental positions taken in the position paper: (a) diagnostic validity for the model has been established; (b) cognitive profile analysis is valid and reliable; and (c) PSW data have adequate treatment utility. We conclude that at the present time there is insufficient support within the empirical literature to support adoption of the PSW method for SLD identification. Implications for professional practice are discussed.
- Published
- 2017
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141. Response to McGill and Busse, 'When Theory Trumps Science: A Critique of the PSW Model for SLD Identification'
- Author
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Christo, Catherine, D'Incau, Barbara J., and Ponzuric, Jenny
- Abstract
The California Association of School Psychologists (CASP) responds to a critique of the Association's Position Paper: "Specific Learning Disabilities and Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses" (2014, March. Available: http://casponline.org/about-casp/publications/) by McGill and Busse. The CASP offers corrections to McGill and Busse's three critiques and clarifies the Association position that the assessment of students suspected of having a Specific Learning Disability involves a comprehensive evaluation that provides information regarding both environmental factors that include data on instruction and interventions as well as within-child factors such as response to intervention and the student's pattern of academic and specific cognitive strengths and weaknesses. [For "When Theory Trumps Science: A Critique of the PSW Model for SLD Identification," see EJ1131590.]
- Published
- 2017
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142. Making sound waves: selected papers from the 2016 annual conference of the National Hearing Conservation Association.
- Author
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Murphy, William J. and Le Prell, Colleen G.
- Subjects
- *
AUDIOLOGY , *AUDITORY perception testing , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *DEAFNESS , *NOISE-induced deafness , *HEARING , *PROTECTIVE clothing , *OCCUPATIONAL diseases , *SERIAL publications , *OCCUPATIONAL hazards , *ENVIRONMENTAL exposure , *HEARING protection - Abstract
The article discusses a meeting with theme ‘‘Making Sound Waves'' of the National Hearing Conservation Association (NHCA) that was held in San Diego, California. Topics discussed include improve the success of Hearing Loss Prevention Programmes for preventing the progression of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the form of hearing protection devices (HPDs) such as ear plugs, and predicting noise exposures across workers in the mining industry.
- Published
- 2017
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143. California Rejects Ban on Long Paper Receipts.
- Author
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Waste Staff
- Subjects
WASTE paper - Abstract
California lawmakers have rejected a ban restricting retailers from handing out unusually long paper receipts. Initially, the bill would have required businesses by 2022 to provide customers with electronic receipts unless a paper receipt was requested. Props, costumes and a Jimmy Kimmel joke weren't enough to prevent the California Senate from trashing a bill Friday that would have restricted retailers from routinely handing out unwanted and unusually long receipts. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2019
144. Mattering: Per/forming nursing philosophy in the Chthulucene.
- Author
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Laurin, Annie‐Claude, Hopkins‐Walsh, Jane, Smith, Jamie B., Brown, Brandon, Martin, Patrick, and Tedjasukmana, Emmanuel Christian
- Subjects
ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,NURSING ,HUMANISM ,THEORY of knowledge ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,PHILOSOPHY of nursing ,CRITICAL thinking ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,INTELLECT ,NURSES ,NURSING interventions ,ADVANCED practice registered nurses - Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the process of entanglement at the 25th International Philosophy of Nursing Conference (IPNC) at University of California at Irvine held on August 18, 2022. Representing collective work from the US, Canada, UK and Germany, our panel entitled 'What can critical posthuman philosophies do for nursing?' examined critical posthumanism and its operations and potential in nursing. Critical posthumanism offers an antifascist, feminist, material, affective, and ecologically entangled approach to nursing and healthcare. Rather than focusing on the arguments of each of the three distinct but interrelated panel presentation pieces, this paper instead focuses on process and performance (per/formance) and performativity as relational, connected and situated, with connections to nursing philosophy. Building upon critical feminist and new materialist philosophies, we describe intra‐activity and performativity as ways to dehierarchise knowledge making practices within traditional academic conference spaces. Creating critical cartographies of thinking and being are actions of possibility for building more just and equitable futures for nursing, nurses, and those they accompany—including all humans, nonhumans, and more than human matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. Whither nursing philosophy: Past, present and future.
- Author
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Holt, Janet
- Subjects
NURSING ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,PHILOSOPHY of nursing ,NURSING practice ,NURSING education ,ROBOTICS ,NURSE supply & demand - Abstract
A version of this paper was given as the Inaugural Steven Edwards Memorial Lecture at the 25th conference of the International Philosophy of Nursing Society 16th August 2022. Using the literary meaning of 'whither', that is 'to what place', this paper will explore the role of philosophy in nursing, past, present, and future. The paper will begin with some thoughts on the history of nursing philosophy, its development as a subject and the scholarly activities that have led to where it sits today. The establishment of the journal Nursing Philosophy, the Annual Nursing Philosophy Conference, the International Philosophy of Nursing Society (IPONS) and their influence on nursing both in the academy and in practice will be discussed. The concept of nursing philosophy as a discipline will be considered, and how this fits with nursing theory, and nursing knowledge. Philosophical questions central to understanding contemporary nursing in a globalised world will be explored and the use of analytical philosophy and philosophical method in addressing such questions. The paper will conclude by looking to the future; what the role of philosophy might be in shaping nursing as a discipline and in the preparation of future practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Nowcasting Earthquakes With Stochastic Simulations: Information Entropy of Earthquake Catalogs.
- Author
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Rundle, John B., Baughman, Ian, and Zhang, Tianjian
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKES ,EARTHQUAKE aftershocks ,ENTROPY (Information theory) ,MACHINE learning ,EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,CATALOGS ,ENTROPY - Abstract
Earthquake nowcasting has been proposed as a means of tracking the change in large earthquake potential in a seismically active area. The method was developed using observable seismic data, in which probabilities of future large earthquakes can be computed using Receiver Operating Characteristic methods. Furthermore, analysis of the Shannon information content of the earthquake catalogs has been used to show that there is information contained in the catalogs, and that it can vary in time. So an important question remains, where does the information originate? In this paper, we examine this question using stochastic simulations of earthquake catalogs. Our catalog simulations are computed using an Earthquake Rescaled Aftershock Seismicity ("ERAS") stochastic model. This model is similar in many ways to other stochastic seismicity simulations, but has the advantage that the model has only 2 free parameters to be set, one for the aftershock (Omori‐Utsu) time decay, and one for the aftershock spatial migration away from the epicenter. Generating a simulation catalog and fitting the two parameters to the observed catalog such as California takes only a few minutes of wall clock time. While clustering can arise from random, Poisson statistics, we show that significant information in the simulation catalogs arises from the "non‐Poisson" power‐law aftershock clustering, implying that the practice of de‐clustering observed catalogs may remove information that would otherwise be useful in forecasting and nowcasting. We also show that the nowcasting method provides similar results with the ERAS model as it does with observed seismicity. Plain Language Summary: Earthquake nowcasting was proposed as a means of tracking the change in the potential for large earthquakes in a seismically active area, using the record of small earthquakes. The method was developed using observed seismic data, in which probabilities of future large earthquakes can be computed using machine learning methods that were originally developed with the advent of radar in the 1940s. These methods are now being used in the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence models in a variety of applications. In recent times, methods to simulate earthquakes using the observed statistical laws of earthquake seismicity have been developed. One of the advantages of these stochastic models is that it can be used to analyze the various assumptions that are inherent in the analysis of seismic catalogs of earthquakes. In this paper, we analyze the importance of the space‐time clustering that is often observed in earthquake seismicity. We find that the clustering is the origin of information that makes the earthquake nowcasting methods possible. We also find that a common practice of "aftershock de‐clustering", often used in the analysis of these catalogs, removes information about future large earthquakes. Key Points: Earthquake nowcasting tracks the change in the potential for large earthquakes, using information contained in seismic catalogsWe analyze the information contained in the space‐time clustering that is observed in earthquake seismicityWe find that "aftershock de‐clustering" of catalogs removes information about future large earthquakes that the nowcasting method uses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. A Dynamic Systems Approach for Detecting and Localizing of Infarct-Related Artery in Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Compressed Paper-Based Electrocardiogram (ECG).
- Author
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Le, Trung Q., Chandra, Vibhuthi, Afrin, Kahkashan, Srivatsa, Sanjay, and Bukkapatnam, Satish
- Subjects
- *
DYNAMICAL systems , *BIOMEDICAL signal processing , *MYOCARDIAL infarction , *PERCUTANEOUS coronary intervention , *ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY , *ACUTE coronary syndrome , *ARTERIES - Abstract
Timely evaluation and reperfusion have improved the myocardial salvage and the subsequent recovery rate of the patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Long waiting time and time-consuming procedures of in-hospital diagnostic testing severely affect the timeliness. We present a Poincare pattern ensemble-based method with the consideration of multi-correlated non-stationary stochastic system dynamics to localize the infarct-related artery (IRA) in acute MI by fully harnessing information from paper-based Electrocardiogram (ECG). The vectorcardiogram (VCG) diagnostic features extracted from only 2.5-s long paper ECG recordings were used to hierarchically localize the IRA—not mere localization of the infarcted cardiac tissues—in acute MI. Paper ECG records and angiograms of 106 acute MI patients collected at the Heart Artery and Vein Center at Fresno California and the 12-lead ECG signals from the Physionet PTB online database were employed to validate the proposed approach. We reported the overall accuracies of 97.41% for healthy control (HC) vs. MI, 89.41 ± 9.89 for left and right culprit arteries vs. others, 88.2 ± 11.6 for left main arteries vs. right-coronary-ascending (RCA) and 93.67 ± 4.89 for left-anterior-descending (LAD) vs. left-circumflex (LCX). The IRA localization from paper ECG can be used to timely triage the patients with acute coronary syndromes to the percutaneous coronary intervention facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. A Case Study of Significant Disproportional Discipline of African American Students in Special Education: Inquiry in a Suburban School District
- Author
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Barton-Vasquez, Katherine Anne
- Abstract
In U.S. school districts, African American special-education students are disciplined more heavily than other students. This case study examined how a suburban high school district in Southern California addressed disproportionality and significant disproportionality in the discipline of African American students with disabilities. The study gathered qualitative data through interviews with 28 of the district's employees--including officials, administrators, psychologists, security officers, teachers, and classified staff--and analysis of the interviews, along with relevant documents and field notes. This research provides an overall picture of the challenges involved in overcoming disproportionality and significant disproportionality in student discipline, especially those of marginalized groups, and suggests ways to improve school programs. The study highlights the importance of taking cultural issues into account as they relate to employing effective disciplinary tactics, especially for African American special-education students. Findings indicate that district employees may not clearly understand which student population the California Department of Education (CDE) has identified as disciplined disproportionally or significantly disproportionally (African American students in general or African American special-education students) and that current practices have been inefficient in addressing the issue of significant disproportionality. The findings also demonstrate a systemic racism and favoritism of students who embody White hegemonic values and that this impact is represented in the significantly disproportional discipline of African American students with disabilities. The findings support the need for school communities to discuss the best ways to teach African American special-education students and create a targeted approach to dealing with the excessive discipline of this population rather than continuing with the current generic approach. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2018
149. Laboratory Measurements of Hydraulic Jacking Uplift Pressure at Offset Joints and Cracks.
- Author
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Wahl, Tony L. and Heiner, Bryan J.
- Subjects
HYDRAULIC measurements ,BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics) ,DRAINAGE ,FLOW velocity ,SURFACE roughness ,SPILLWAYS - Abstract
Hydraulic jacking is a serious threat to concrete spillway chutes, demonstrated by the catastrophic spillway chute failure at California's Oroville Dam in 2017. To improve the understanding of uplift pressure and joint flow developed at open, offset joints and enable design and evaluation of anchors, drain systems, and joint remediations that could help prevent such failures, laboratory tests were performed in a supercritical flume furnished with a model joint where the gap width to offset height ratio was varied over a 725∶1 range. The tests included measurement of boundary layer velocity profiles approaching the joint. Uplift pressures were normalized to the velocity head near the boundary, which is related to the depth-wise velocity profile exponents determined in the experiments and can be estimated for field applications from the chute friction factor. The normalized uplift varies with the joint aspect ratio and the flow depth to offset height ratio. The new relations reduce the uncertainty of modeled uplift pressures by a factor of 2.87 over previous methods. Example applications demonstrate practical upper limits for potential uplift pressure. Subsequent articles will address discharge into offset joints, the dissipation of uplift via drainage, and the effect of different methods for remediating existing offsets to reduce uplift. Practical Applications: Concrete spillway chutes develop cracks and must necessarily be constructed with joints, both of which are prone to displacement over time that may create offsets into the flow. Flow striking such offsets is brought suddenly to rest, similar to a pedestrian tripping on a sidewalk crack. The local stoppage of flow at the offset creates dangerously high pressures that can be injected into the foundation, leading to erosion beneath the slab and potential uplift failure, often called 'hydraulic jacking'. This mechanism has caused several notable failures including the Oroville Dam spillway in 2017. Protection against such failures is usually provided by a combination of the weight (thickness) of the slab itself, anchors that hold the slab down, and subsurface drains that reduce the buildup of pressure. This paper provides experimentally based equations for predicting uplift pressure to enable effective design of new spillways and evaluation of existing spillways. The new equations are significantly more accurate than previous methods because they account for the roughness of the chute surface and the reduced flow velocity near the boundary. Subsequent papers will address flow rate through joints, pressure dissipation by drainage, and methods for treating existing offsets to reduce potential uplift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Herbaria macroalgae as a proxy for historical upwelling trends in Central California.
- Author
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Miller, Emily A., Lisin, Susan E., Smith, Celia M., and Van Houtan, Kyle S.
- Subjects
HERBARIA ,MARINE resources ,STABLE isotopes ,MARINE algae ,HEAVY metals ,PROXY ,ALGAE ,CERAMIALES - Abstract
Planning for future ocean conditions requires historical data to establish more informed ecological baselines. To date, this process has been largely limited to instrument records and observations that begin around 1950. Here, we show how marine macroalgae specimens from herbaria repositories may document long-term ecosystem processes and extend historical information records into the nineteenth century. We tested the effect of drying and pressing six macroalgae species on amino acid, heavy metal and bulk stable isotope values over 1 year using modern and archived paper. We found historical paper composition did not consistently affect values. Certain species, however, had higher variability in particular metrics while others were more consistent. Multiple herbaria provided Gelidium (Rhodophyta) samples collected in southern Monterey Bay from 1878 to 2018. We examined environmental relationships and found δ
15 N correlated with the Bakun upwelling index, the productivity regime of this ecosystem, from 1946 to 2018. Then, we hindcasted the Bakun index using its derived relationship with Gelidium δ15 N from 1878 to 1945. This hindcast provided new information, observing an upwelling decrease mid-century leading up to the well-known sardine fishery crash. Our case study suggests marine macroalgae from herbaria are an underused resource of the marine environment that precedes modern scientific data streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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