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This study aims to identify the social representations of male teachers who work in the early classes of elementary school in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, about working with children. The data were collected in four municipalities of different regions of the state, from five (5) male teachers, through semistructured interviews. The results indicate that the most relevant social representation associated with male teachers is that they have a higher authority over the students, a representation that persisted in recent years. We concluded that the representations of gender and of the roles and characteristics of men and women influence the dynamics of the history of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]