1. Tick extracellular vesicles enable arthropod feeding and promote distinct outcomes of bacterial infection.
- Author
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Oliva Chávez AS, Wang X, Marnin L, Archer NK, Hammond HL, Carroll EEM, Shaw DK, Tully BG, Buskirk AD, Ford SL, Butler LR, Shahi P, Morozova K, Clement CC, Lawres L, Neal AJO, Mamoun CB, Mason KL, Hobbs BE, Scoles GA, Barry EM, Sonenshine DE, Pal U, Valenzuela JG, Sztein MB, Pasetti MF, Levin ML, Kotsyfakis M, Jay SM, Huntley JF, Miller LS, Santambrogio L, and Pedra JHF
- Subjects
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum pathogenicity, Animals, Arthropods metabolism, Arthropods microbiology, Arthropods physiology, Cell Line, Dermacentor metabolism, Dermacentor microbiology, Dermacentor physiology, Extracellular Vesicles ultrastructure, Francisella tularensis pathogenicity, Gene Ontology, Humans, Inflammation immunology, Inflammation metabolism, Inflammation parasitology, Intravital Microscopy, Ixodes metabolism, Ixodes microbiology, Ixodes physiology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Proteomics, R-SNARE Proteins metabolism, Skin immunology, Skin microbiology, T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 metabolism, Bacterial Infections immunology, Bacterial Infections metabolism, Extracellular Vesicles metabolism, Skin parasitology, Ticks metabolism, Ticks microbiology
- Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are thought to facilitate pathogen transmission from arthropods to humans and other animals. Here, we reveal that pathogen spreading from arthropods to the mammalian host is multifaceted. Extracellular vesicles from Ixodes scapularis enable tick feeding and promote infection of the mildly virulent rickettsial agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum through the SNARE proteins Vamp33 and Synaptobrevin 2 and dendritic epidermal T cells. However, extracellular vesicles from the tick Dermacentor andersoni mitigate microbial spreading caused by the lethal pathogen Francisella tularensis. Collectively, we establish that tick extracellular vesicles foster distinct outcomes of bacterial infection and assist in vector feeding by acting on skin immunity. Thus, the biology of arthropods should be taken into consideration when developing strategies to control vector-borne diseases.
- Published
- 2021
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