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There is a growing global concern about the challenges of sustainable development. Furthermore, these concerns are becoming increasingly prevalent in Bangladesh on a daily basis. This may be attributed to the escalating influx of remittances, the degradation of natural resources, and the potential adverse impacts of economic growth on the ecosystem. Thus, this research looks at how remittances (REM) and natural resources (NR) affect the ecological footprint (EFP) in Bangladesh by controlling economic growth (EG), renewable energy (REN), and urbanization (URB) from 1990 to 2021. The study utilizes the linear and non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag model to test the relationships between REM and NR on EFP. Positive and negative shocks to REM and NR have varied consequences on EFP, which suggests an asymmetric relationship. The findings reveal that the impact of the positive shock on NR is positive and significant. It implies that an increase in the positive shock of NR causes a rise in EFP. However, the impact of the negative shock on NR is negative but statistically insignificant. Likewise, negative shock in REM decreases the EFP by increasing ecological quality, while positive shock in REM does not significantly impact EFP. Similarly, REN and URB improve the environmental quality in Bangladesh while EG decreases. To meet sustainable development goals, policies can be designed for proficient and ecologically friendly types of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh, being the fastest growing economy in the South Asian region, necessitates a comprehensive study to evaluate the influence of various socio-economic factors. The primary objective of this study is to get a comprehensive understanding of the concept of sustainable development and its relationship to carbon emissions. This analysis will specifically consider the current status of economic and anthropogenic activities within the context of Bangladesh. This research examines the aforementioned matter by utilizing the latest accessible yearly data spanning from 1990 to 2020, as well as employing advanced econometric models including the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag approach and frequency domain causality test. The analysis of empirical data reveals that the economic growth experienced in Bangladesh has yielded a discernible and favorable influence on the degradation of the environment, in both the immediate and extended periods. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that the observed impact holds no statistical significance. Furthermore, it is apparent that energy consumption has a substantial impact on the escalation of carbon emissions, in both the immediate and prolonged periods. Additionally, the processes of industrialization and foreign direct investment have also exerted adverse effects on short-term carbon emissions. A frequency domain causality test is used in this work to do a robustness analysis and confirm that there are causal links between economic growth, energy use, development, and carbon emissions over a range of time frames, such as the short, middle, and long terms. The above studies have given us a lot of useful information about how economic growth, energy use, industrialization, and environmental sustainability all affect each other in Bangladesh. Bangladesh should prioritize the formulation of policies and regulations that are centered around specific goals. These objectives include: (a) enhancing government engagement in activities related to environmental innovation, (b) integrating ecologically sustainable development targets by adopting renewable energy sources, and (c) devising strategies and initiatives to attract foreign direct investment, facilitate knowledge exchange, and promote energy-efficient manufacturing to stimulate economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the nexus between renewable energy use, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development within emerging South Asian nations, namely Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. It examines annual data spanning from 1990 to 2019, examining key indicators of renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development. The ARDL bounds test results demonstrate the existence of co-integration among the variables in the long run. The empirical result finds that the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate have a significant impact on economic growth in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka in the long run. In India no significant relationship found in the long run. In short run assessment, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka also found same relationship with economic growth and renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate. Interestingly, In Pakistan no significant relationship has found in short run estimation analysis. Furthermore, study tried to determine the causality direction by using the Toda Yamamoto granger causality approach, which reveals bidirectional causation between exchange rate and CO2 emission in India. In Pakistan, study also found bi-directional causality among the variables renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth. Finally, this paper emphasizes developing the policy as well as making a concrete decision regarding the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development for ensuring sustainable economic growth in South Asian region. Future research could extend this work by including different dimensional data, additional countries, or using alternative or supplementary modeling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using World Bank and IMF data over the period 1990–2018, this research explores the determinants of economic growth in Bangladesh with particular attention to environmental degradation and export concentration variables. An ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) bound testing approach is employed as an estimation strategy with FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares) and CCR (Canonical Cointegrating Regression) for cross-checking the results. The obtained results confirm that CO2 emissions, consumption expenditure, export concentration, remittances, and inflation are the main driving forces for the long-run economic growth in Bangladesh where the effects of the first two variables and the last three variables are positive and negative, respectively. The study also reveals the dynamic short-run relationships among the chosen variables. Environmental pollution and export concentration are found to be the barriers to economic growth; therefore, the country should take necessary steps to mitigate this problem for ensuring long-run sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major sources of financing for development projects of a government in achieving macroeconomic objectives is collecting revenues from taxes and non-tax sources. Rent form resources have an exigent role for the evaluation of economic welfare. Thus, in both the developed and developing economies, natural resources occupy a crucial importance. The novelty of this study counts on the approach to explore the economic growth impacts of natural resources via the transmission channel of its utilization in Bangladesh. The study aims to pursue the influence of resource rent for the period 1990 to 2017. To approach cointegration, autoregressive distributed lag is used. A significant positive influence of rent from resources to growth is found for Bangladesh. This implies proper use of the funds generated through resource rent. Exports, being a vital factor of trade as well as the economy as a whole, should be taken care of which shows negative signs in our study. In the short run, the population growth rate is affecting our economy whereas the effect is reversed in the long run. Domestic credit provided by the financial sector affects negatively and imports as well as gross capital formation have positive signs which is good in the sense that it promotes our country to sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh is passing through the dividend phase of demographic transition, with 45 million (over a quarter of the total population) in the age group of 15-29 years and 52.8 million (about a third) in the 15-36 age group. Young scientists belong to the upper segments of the later age group (some may be somewhat older than 36), who will in the fullness of time, take up leadership positions in their respective fields. Whatever be the field of human endeavour, the capability of the protagonists, is certainly a pivotal key to success. Indeed, human capability depends on education, skill training and health services. The better the availability of these services, the better is expected to be the ability acquired by the people concerned. One of these key services, health, is included in the theme of this conference. This paper has proposed that a universal health coverage (UHC) system be developed in Bangladesh so that people from all walks of life can access at least primary health services. The UHC can be developed centering around the 14,000 or so Community Clinics in place all around rural Bangladesh. Bangladesh is pursuing the goal of sustainable development within the UN adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development framework. This agenda is anchored on three pillars-economic, social and environmental. Sustainable development can be succinctly defined as socially acceptable, environmentally sound economic growth. Also, a basic tenet characterising sustainable development is that nobody can be left behind, i.e., everybody has to be included. The theme of this conference consist of the environmental pillar of sustainable development. In fact, the environment is the ultimate resource base of all development. Climate change, a major sub-set of environmental issues, is fast deteriorating and becoming an existential threat to humanity. This paper has discussed what has been happening in relation to climate change and what is being done to combat the menace globally and in Bangladesh. The efforts of Bangladesh in policy, programming, funding, and action in the context of responding to the increasingly adverse impacts on the country caused by the worsening climate change have been reviewed. Also, since this problem is global and cannot be adequately combatted by any one country, much less by a resource-poor country like Bangladesh, what role the international community is playing in this regard has been examined. The final section relates the lessons from the above discussions and reviews the future roles that young scientists need to play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the goal of sustainable green economic development, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency of the green economy and compare it with emission reductions. The green economy idea is a much-discussed solution to economic growth. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of government spending on the performance of the green economy of various countries under the "Belt and Road" (BRI) initiative project. The data were analyzed using the BRI economy panel data from 2008 to 2018. The generalized method of moments (GMM) was used to estimate the effect of government expenditures on education and research and development (R&D) on green economic performance index (GEE) in BRI countries. The results reveal that during the study period, BRI countries have experienced an upward transition towards green development, except for Pakistan and Bangladesh; their GEE decreased gradually from 2010 to 2018. Further, the findings of the system GMM revealed that both education and R&D have a positive impact on the green economy. Moreover, the compositional and technological effects of the overall sample were verified with the GMM process. Nevertheless, the sub-sample results revealed a heterogeneous impact on countries with a high per capita GDP. Following the results, useful policy measures for promoting sustainable green economic development have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the relationship between globalization, energy consumption, and economic growth among selected South Asian countries to promote the green economy and environment. This study also finds causal association between energy growth and nexus of CO2 emissions and employed the premises of the EKC framework. The study used annual time series analysis, starting from 1985 to 2019. The data set has been collected from the World Development Indicator (WDI). The result of a fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) method describes a significantly worse quality environment in the South Asian region. The individual country as Bangladesh shows a positively significant impact on the CO2 emissions and destroys the level of environment regarding non-renewable energy and globalization index. However, negative and positive growth levels (GDP) and square of GDP confirm the EKC hypothesis in this region. This study has identified the causality between GDP growth and carbon emission and found bidirectional causality between economic growth and energy use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today energy has become a fundamental need; without energy consumption, no country can survive economically. Along with developed economies, developing countries are struggling more to achieve sustainable economic growth. Therefore, different strategies are being made to develop renewable energy for economic gains. In this line, this study attempts to investigate the impacts of nonrenewable and renewable energy and other socioeconomic factors on CO2 emissions in South Asian countries. The annual data was converted into quarterly data of 1996Q1-2019Q4. The unit root test with structural breaks confirmed mix order of integration and further ARDL approach was applied to know the long- and short-run associations. The long-run association shows that economic growth in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka is not sustainable. Nepal is achieving economic growth with reducing CO2 emissions. In India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, institutional quality can play an important role to achieve cleaner production. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, population growth is also lowering CO2 emissions. In India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, nonrenewable energy usage is contributing to environmental pollution and renewable energy is lowering it. These countries need to enhance the ratio of renewable energy to their industrial production units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to appraise the decomposition along with decoupling elements that affected the nexus between energy-related CO2 emissions and the economic development of Bangladesh by applying the logarithmic mean Divisia index and Tapio model. The paper provides an effective policy that will enable Bangladesh to improve its environmental aspect and stimulate sustainable economic development. The analysis comprehends three economic sectors, and the decoupling determinative is fragmented into five elements. The results revealed that Bangladesh achieved weak decoupling throughout the analysis cycles except between the cycles of 1990–1991, 1992–1993, 1995–1996, 1997–1999, 2003–2004, 2012–2013, and 2015–2017 in which a strong decoupling occurred. From the disintegration of various components' frame of reference, it can be seen that change in scale effect causes a substantial increase in carbon emissions and economic structure together, whereas energy intensity plays an imperceptible role in the increase in carbon emissions. On the other hand, the emission is the only element that is responsible for a decrease in carbon emissions. From a comparative sectoral analysis point of view, scale effects are liable for increasing carbon emissions in all three sectors. Hence, precautionary information campaign should be taken to communicate a comprehensive countrywide moderation strategy and appropriate modification engagements for initiating a low-carbon community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• District-level analysis of welfare losses in coastal Bangladesh. • The poor experience 7% asset losses, but 42% welfare losses. • Socio-economic growth increase welfare losses but also makes households more resilient. • There is large spatial heterogeneity in impacts and effectiveness of policy interventions. • A well-informed portfolio of hard and soft measures can reduce disaster risk and leave no-one behind. Quantified flood risk assessments focus on asset losses, neglecting longer-term impacts to household welfare via income and consumption losses. The extent of welfare losses depends upon resilience – the ability to anticipate, resist, cope, recover and learn from a shock. Here, we use a novel welfare loss modelling framework and perform a high-resolution spatial analysis in coastal Bangladesh to quantify welfare losses from a tropical cyclone under present and future climatic and socio-economic conditions. We further test various adaptation options that are intended to enhance resilience. Results show that poor households experience, on average, 7% of the asset losses, but 42% of the welfare losses. Combining dike heightening, post-disaster support and stronger housing can reduce welfare losses by up to 70%, and foster sustainable development by benefitting the poor, increasing resilience and demonstrating robustness under socio-economic and climatic uncertainties. Thus, a welfare-orientated perspective helps to identify adaptation options that enhance resilience and leave no-one behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]