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The effects of potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and proper potassium deduction amount on potato growth, yield, economic benefit and potassium utilization rate were studied by the randomized block design to provide the theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation and efficient potassium utilization in potato production in single cropping region of Guizhou. Results: The potato yield is no significant difference between potassium sulfate and potassium chloride under the same potassium amount.The potassium fertilizer application amount in yellow soil with a high fertility can be decreased by 10 %.Potassium sulfate is suitably used as topdressing by stages but potassium chloride is suitably used as basal application and topdressing by stages.The input-output ratio of potato planted in yellow soil with a lower soil fertility reaches 3.79 under applying potassium chloride based on the application amount of the convention potassium( 150 K2 O kg/hm2). The agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and current utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer in soils with lower and higher fertility is up to 25.98- 33.34, 46.80- 78.85 kg/kg and 41.74 %- 56.70 %, separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]