2,175 results
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2. Paper-based analytical devices for direct electrochemical detection of free IAA and SA in plant samples with the weight of several milligrams.
- Author
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Sun, Li-Jun, Xie, Yuan, Yan, Yong-Feng, Yang, Haibing, Gu, Hai-Ying, and Bao, Ning
- Subjects
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ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors , *ACETIC acid , *SALICYLIC acid , *AUXIN , *PLANT hormones - Abstract
It is not easy to directly obtain concentrations of auxin (mainly indole-3-acetic acid, or IAA) and other phytohormones in different locations of individual plants although such information is critical for the study of their functions. Here we developed a paper-based analytical device consisting of a disposable working electrode to provide a platform for direct and simultaneous detection of free IAA and salicylic acid (SA) in different parts of pea seedlings with the weights of several milligrams. The double sided conductive carbon tape modified with carbon nanotube was used as the disposable working electrodes after they were treated with oxygen plasma. Different parts of pea seedlings were applied on the surface of working electrodes for direct electrochemical detection of free IAA and SA in paper-based analytical devices. The requirement of solution volumes with only 10 microliters made it possible to quantify free IAA and SA at the level of ng. Our results suggested that large amounts of inherent IAA and SA could be lost because of complicated and time-consuming preparation of samples in traditional gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods Our approach not only avoids such steps but also provides concentrations of IAA and SA in different zones of individual pea seedlings. The obtained results could be applied for the study of individual differences and interactions between IAA and SA in development of peas. This strategy not only paved the foundation for further investigation of regulating mechanisms of free IAA and its interaction with other phytohormones but also might provide an alternative approach for detection of free electroactive biomolecules in other living organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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3. Reminiscences of Manmohan Manohar Laloraya: A Great Friend to Many, and A Visionary Leader.
- Author
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Govindjee, Govindjee, Tiwari, Durga Prasad, Prasad, Raghuveer Raj, Kehri, Harbans Kaur, Narain, Aishwarya, Sinha, Daya Prakash, and Naithani, Sushma
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REMINISCENCE ,RESEARCH personnel ,PAPER chromatography ,PLANT hormones ,PHYSIOLOGISTS - Abstract
Dr. Manmohan Manohar Laloraya (September 1, 1932- February 18, 2023) was an outstanding teacher, researcher and administrator who mentored many scholars who themselves became leaders. He was gifted with a brilliant mind and unique research career, working with both plants and animals. He had received numerous awards and honours in his lifetime including the distinguished plant physiologist award in 1995, and being the Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India. We present below his brief biography, which is followed by his extraordinary research contributions on both plants and animals. We end this "In memoriam" with personal reminiscences of some of his class fellows, research collaborators, and life-long friends, and a 1958 group photograph with many at a conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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4. Rapid profiling of IAA and SA in tomato fruit during ripening using low-cost paper-based electroanalytical devices.
- Author
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Huo, Xiao-Lei, Zhu, Chen-Chen, Jiang, Hui, Yuan, Qing, Wang, Jiao-Jiao, Wang, Jin-Yu, Pan, Zhong-Qin, Chen, Cui-Li, Wu, Zeng-Qiang, and Bao, Ning
- Subjects
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FRUIT ripening , *TOMATOES , *ELECTRIC conductivity , *SALICYLIC acid , *PLANT hormones , *FRUIT - Abstract
• Paper-based analytical devices and microsampling for evaluation of fruit ripening. • ITO glass was used to fabricate disposable working electrodes in paper-based devices. • IAA and SA in tiny parts of tomato fruit could be differentiated during ripening. • Profiling of IAA and SA in immature and mature tomato fruit was visually compared. Fruit ripening is a progress involving many physiological changes regulated by various plant hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA). The levels of these hormones in fruit with the spatial-temporal resolution can provide detailed information for the study and evaluation of the fruit ripening. Herein paper-based analytical devices and the microsampling technique were coupled for the analysis of IAA and SA in different locations of the tomato fruit during ripening. Because of its excellent electric conductivity, the ITO glass was used as the substrate of the disposable working electrodes and modified with conductive carbon cement. The ITO modified electrodes in the paper-based analytical devices were utilized for analysis of IAA and SA in tiny tomato samples obtained with the technique of microsampling. Our results showed that the amounts of IAA and SA in the locular tissue of tomato fruit decreased via time in the process of ripening. More importantly, the spatial profiling of IAA and SA in immature and mature tomatoes could be directly differentiated at the molecular level. This study suggested that low-cost paper-based electroanalytical devices could become an effective platform for rapid evaluation of the fruit ripening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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5. Plant NAC transcription factors in the battle against pathogens.
- Author
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Dong, Boxiao, Liu, Ye, Huang, Gan, Song, Aiping, Chen, Sumei, Jiang, Jiafu, Chen, Fadi, and Fang, Weimin
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TRANSCRIPTION factors ,DISEASE resistance of plants ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,PLANT hormones ,PLANT species - Abstract
Background: The NAC transcription factor family, which is recognized as one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor families, comprises numerous members that are widely distributed among various higher plant species and play crucial regulatory roles in plant immunity. Results: In this paper, we provided a detailed summary of the roles that NAC transcription factors play in plant immunity via plant hormone pathways and reactive oxygen species pathways. In addition, we conducted in-depth investigations into the interactions between NAC transcription factors and pathogen effectors to summarize the mechanism through which they regulate the expression of defense-related genes and ultimately affect plant disease resistance. Conclusions: This paper presented a comprehensive overview of the crucial roles that NAC transcription factors play in regulating plant disease resistance through their involvement in diverse signaling pathways, acting as either positive or negative regulators, and thus provided references for further research on NAC transcription factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. Editorial: Best Papers Introduction.
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Archbold, Douglas D.
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INDOLEACETIC acid ,PLANT hormones ,FRUIT ripening ,VITAMIN C ,PLANT breeding - Published
- 2021
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7. Elicitation: “A Trump Card” for Enhancing Secondary Metabolites in Plants
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Selwal, Nidhi, Goutam, Umesh, Akhtar, Nahid, Sood, Monika, and Kukreja, Sarvjeet
- Published
- 2024
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8. Jasmonate: the Swiss army knife in the plant's pocket.
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Zhu, Ziqiang
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JASMONATE ,PLANT hormones ,ROOT growth ,FLOWER seeds ,KNIVES ,JASMINE ,GERMINATION - Abstract
Jasmonate is a well-known defence hormone for plants, but it is also necessary for growth and development. Indeed, the identification of the COI1 receptor was based on the jasmonate-triggered response of root growth inhibition. In this special issue, a collection of review papers and two research papers discuss the current state of progress in this field, covering areas from seed germination and flowering to the Jasminum sambac genome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. The Controlled Release of Abscisic Acid (ABA) Utilizing Alginate–Chitosan Gel Blends: A Synergistic Approach for an Enhanced Small-Molecule Delivery Controller.
- Author
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Valdes, Oscar, Bustos, Daniel, Guzmán, Luis, Muñoz-Vera, Marcelo, Urra, Gabriela, Castro, Ricardo I., and Morales-Quintana, Luis
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ABSCISIC acid ,PLANT hormones ,MOLECULAR dynamics ,MICROENCAPSULATION ,DRUG delivery systems ,CROSSLINKING (Polymerization) - Abstract
The integration of abscisic acid (ABA) into a chitosan–alginate gel blend unveils crucial insights into the formation and stability of these two substances. ABA, a key phytohormone in plant growth and stress responses, is strategically targeted for controlled release within these complexes. This study investigates the design and characterization of this novel controlled-release system, showcasing the potential of alginate–chitosan gel blends in ABA delivery. Computational methods, including molecular dynamics simulations, are employed to analyze the structural effects of microencapsulation, offering valuable insights into complex behavior under varying conditions. This paper focuses on the controlled release of ABA from these complexes, highlighting its strategic importance in drug delivery systems and beyond. This controlled release enables targeted and regulated ABA delivery, with far-reaching implications for pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and plant stress response studies. While acknowledging context dependency, the paper suggests that the liberation or controlled release of ABA holds promise in applications, urging further research and experimentation to validate its utility across diverse fields. Overall, this work significantly contributes to understanding the characteristics and potential applications of chitosan–alginate complexes, marking a noteworthy advancement in the field of controlled-release systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Facing Heavy Metal Stress, What Are the Positive Responses of Melatonin in Plants: A Review.
- Author
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Cheng, Xianghan, Liu, Xiaolei, Liu, Feifei, Yang, Yuantong, and Kou, Taiji
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HEAVY elements ,HEAVY metal toxicology ,HEAVY metals ,PLANT hormones ,CROP improvement - Abstract
With the growth of the population and the development of modern industry and the economy, the problem of heavy metal pollution in cultivated soil has become increasingly prominent. Moreover, heavy metal poses a serious threat to plant growth due to its characteristics of difficult degradation, high mobility, easy enrichment, and potential toxicity and has become a social topic. Melatonin is a new type of plant hormone widely present in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, and its biological role has begun investigated in the last dozen years. Facing heavy metal stress, melatonin can play a pleiotropic role in the physiological processes of plants, such as stress resistance and growth regulation, mitigate the damage caused by stress on plants, and provide a new research idea for alleviating heavy metal stress in plants. From the aspects of the plant phenotype, physiology, element absorption, and molecular structure, this paper, therefore, mainly reviews the effects of melatonin on plants subjected to heavy metal stress and the mechanism of melatonin alleviating heavy metal stress and then puts forward future research directions. This information may be of great significance to the normal growth of crops under heavy metal stress and will provide an important theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of crop resistance in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. Exogenous Substances Used to Relieve Plants from Drought Stress and Their Associated Underlying Mechanisms.
- Author
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Feng, Di, Liu, Wenxin, Chen, Ke, Ning, Songrui, Gao, Qian, Chen, Jiao, Liu, Jiao, Sun, Xiaoan, and Xu, Wanli
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AGRICULTURE ,PLANT hormones ,DROUGHT tolerance ,NUTRITIONAL status ,BOTANY - Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is one of the abiotic stresses that plants encounter commonly in nature, which affects their life, reduces agricultural output, and prevents crops from growing in certain areas. To enhance plant tolerance against DS, abundant exogenous substances (ESs) have been attempted and proven to be effective in helping plants relieve DS. Understanding the effect of each ES on alleviation of plant DS and mechanisms involved in the DS relieving process has become a research focus and hotspot that has drawn much attention in the field of botany, agronomy, and ecology. With an extensive and comprehensive review and summary of hundred publications, this paper groups various ESs based on their individual effects on alleviating plant/crop DS with details of the underlying mechanisms involved in the DS-relieving process of: (1) synthesizing more osmotic adjustment substances; (2) improving antioxidant pathways; (3) promoting photosynthesis; (4) improving plant nutritional status; and (5) regulating phytohormones. Moreover, a detailed discussion and perspective are given in terms of how to meet the challenges imposed by erratic and severe droughts in the agrosystem through using promising and effective ESs in the right way and at the right time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. Research Status and Prospects on the Construction Methods of Temperature and Humidity Environmental Models in Arbor Tree Cuttage.
- Author
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Wang, Xu, Liu, Lixing, Xie, Jinyan, Wang, Xiaosa, Gu, Haoyuan, Li, Jianping, Liu, Hongjie, Wang, Pengfei, and Yang, Xin
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HUMIDITY ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,COMPUTER vision ,TEMPERATURE control ,PLANT hormones ,TEMPERATURE - Abstract
The environmental temperature and humidity are crucial factors for the normal growth and development of arbor tree cuttings by altering their hormone levels and influencing their physiological activities. Developing a temperature and humidity environmental model for arbor tree cuttings serves as a key technique to improve the adjustment performance of environmental parameters in facility agriculture systems and enhance the rooting rate of cuttings. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of current research on the inherent characteristics of cuttings and the factors influencing environmental temperature and humidity. It explores the mechanisms of interaction between the inherent characteristics of cuttings and the factors influencing environmental temperature and humidity. This paper investigates the interactive relationships among the factors affecting environmental temperature and humidity. It analyzes methods to improve the efficiency of constructing temperature and humidity environmental models for arbor tree cuttings. To enhance the transferability of the environmental model, the necessary physiological activities under the influence of plant hormones are generalized as common physiological traits in the growth and development of cuttings. In addition, this paper explores the factors influencing the air and substrate temperature and the humidity in facility agriculture systems as well as two types of facilities for controlling environmental temperature and humidity. Furthermore, it reviews the research progress in environmental models from both mechanistic and data-driven perspectives. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics associated with these two model categories. Building upon this, the paper summarizes and discusses methods employed in constructing temperature and humidity environmental models for arbor tree cuttings. In addition, it also anticipates the application of deep learning techniques in the construction of temperature and humidity environmental models for arbor cuttings, including utilizing machine vision technology to monitor their growth status. Finally, it proposes suggestions for building physiological models of fruit tree-like arbor cuttings at different growth stages. To enhance the transferability of environmental models, the integration of physiological models of cuttings, environmental models, and control system performance are suggested to create an environmental identification model. This paper aims to achieve control of the common physiological activities of cuttings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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13. Same same, but different: growth responses of primary and lateral roots
- Author
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Waidmann, Sascha, Sarkel, Elizabeth, and Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Growth regulation ,Physiology ,Plant Science ,Root system ,Biology ,Spatial distribution ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Lateral root ,Soil ,03 medical and health sciences ,nutrients ,Primordium ,Review Papers ,root system architecture ,Life span ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01210 ,15. Life on land ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Root system architecture ,plant hormones ,primary root ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
We highlight the similarities and differences in primary and lateral root growth, focusing on the differential impact that phytohormones and environmental cues have on these., The root system architecture describes the shape and spatial arrangement of roots within the soil. Its spatial distribution depends on growth and branching rates as well as directional organ growth. The embryonic primary root gives rise to lateral (secondary) roots, and the ratio of both root types changes over the life span of a plant. Most studies have focused on the growth of primary roots and the development of lateral root primordia. Comparably less is known about the growth regulation of secondary root organs. Here, we review similarities and differences between primary and lateral root organ growth, and emphasize particularly how external stimuli and internal signals differentially integrate root system growth.
- Published
- 2020
14. Ethylene regulates post-germination seedling growth in wheat through spatial and temporal modulation of ABA/GA balance
- Author
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Marta S. Izydorczyk, Belay T. Ayele, Pham Anh Tuan, and Menghan Sun
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0106 biological sciences ,Physiology ,Germination ,Plant Science ,seedling ,01 natural sciences ,embryo axis ,starch degradation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Gene expression ,Transcriptional regulation ,Radicle ,Abscisic acid ,Triticum ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Coleoptile ,biology ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01210 ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Ethylenes ,root ,biology.organism_classification ,Research Papers ,Gibberellins ,Cell biology ,Seedlings ,Seedling ,Seeds ,gene expression ,plant hormones ,Gibberellin ,Growth and Development ,Abscisic Acid ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Ethylene controls post-germination starch degradation and seedling growth, but not radicle protrusion, in wheat through spatiotemporal alteration of the balance between abscisic acid and gibberellin., This study aimed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of ethylene in regulating germination and seedling growth in wheat by combining pharmacological, molecular, and metabolomics approaches. Our study showed that ethylene does not affect radicle protrusion but controls post-germination endospermic starch degradation through transcriptional regulation of specific α-amylase and α-glucosidase genes, and this effect is mediated by alteration of endospermic bioactive gibberellin (GA) levels, and GA sensitivity via expression of the GA signaling gene, TaGAMYB. Our data implicated ethylene as a positive regulator of embryo axis and coleoptile growth through transcriptional regulation of specific TaEXPA genes. These effects were associated with modulation of GA levels and sensitivity, through expression of GA metabolism (TaGA20ox1, TaGA3ox2, and TaGA2ox6) and signaling (TaGAMYB) genes, respectively, and/or the abscisic acid (ABA) level and sensitivity, via expression of specific ABA metabolism (TaNCED2 or TaCYP707A1) and signaling (TaABI3) genes, respectively. Ethylene appeared to regulate the expression of TaEXPA3 and thereby root growth through its control of coleoptile ABA metabolism, and root ABA signaling via expression of TaABI3 and TaABI5. These results show that spatiotemporal modulation of ABA/GA balance mediates the role of ethylene in regulating post-germination storage starch degradation and seedling growth in wheat.
- Published
- 2019
15. A New Strategy for Detecting Plant Hormone Ethylene Using Oxide Semiconductor Chemiresistors: Exceptional Gas Selectivity and Response Tailored by Nanoscale Cr
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Seong-Yong, Jeong, Young Kook, Moon, Tae-Hyung, Kim, Sei-Woong, Park, Ki Beom, Kim, Yun Chan, Kang, and Jong-Heun, Lee
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Full Paper ,ethylene sensors ,fruit ripening ,metal oxide gas sensors ,plant hormones ,oxide semiconductor chemiresistors ,Full Papers - Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive detection of the plant hormone ethylene, particularly at low concentrations, is essential for controlling the growth, development, and senescence of plants, as well as for ripening of fruits. However, this remains challenging because of the non‐polarity and low reactivity of ethylene. Herein, a strategy for detecting ethylene at a sub‐ppm‐level is proposed by using oxide semiconductor chemiresistors with a nanoscale oxide catalytic overlayer. The SnO2 sensor coated with the nanoscale catalytic Cr2O3 overlayer exhibits rapid sensing kinetics, good stability, and an unprecedentedly high ethylene selectivity with exceptional gas response (R a/R g − 1, where R a represents the resistance in air and R g represents the resistance in gas) of 16.8 at an ethylene concentration of 2.5 ppm at 350 °C. The sensing mechanism underlying the ultraselective and highly sensitive ethylene detection in the unique bilayer sensor is systematically investigated with regard to the location, configuration, and thickness of the catalytic Cr2O3 overlayer. The mechanism involves the effective catalytic oxidation of interfering gases into less‐ or non‐reactive species, without limiting the analyte gas transport. The sensor exhibits a promising potential for achieving a precise quantitative assessment of the ripening of five different fruits., A bilayer sensor with a SnO2 sensing layer and a catalytic Cr2O3 overlayer is proposed as a novel solution enabling the exclusive detection of sub‐ppm‐level ethylene, which is a representative plant hormone. The sensor can be applied in a wide range of applications that require the real‐time and onsite assessment of fruit freshness/ripening or the control of plant growth/development.
- Published
- 2019
16. The quick and the dead: a new model for the essential role of ABA accumulation in synthetic auxin herbicide mode of action
- Author
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Todd A. Gaines
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Erigeron ,Physiology ,Erigeron canadensis ,Plant Science ,2,4-D ,Photosynthesis ,eXtra Botany ,01 natural sciences ,Insights ,dicamba ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Abscisic acid ,herbicide ,Auxin ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Botany ,ethylene ,Mode of action ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,photosynthesis ,biology ,Indoleacetic Acids ,Chemistry ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01210 ,Herbicides ,fungi ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,halauxifen-methyl ,biology.organism_classification ,Research Papers ,Plant—Environment Interactions ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,plant hormones ,auxin ,Transcriptome ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Auxin herbicides trigger a rapid down-regulation of photosynthetic-related gene expression and an up-regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis independent of other plant hormones in Erigeron., The perception pathway for endogenous auxin has been well described, yet the mode of action of synthetic auxin herbicides, used for >70 years, remains uncharacterized. We utilized transcriptomics and targeted physiological studies to investigate the unknown rapid response to synthetic auxin herbicides in the globally problematic weed species Erigeron canadensis. Synthetic auxin herbicide application consistently and rapidly down-regulated the photosynthetic machinery. At the same time, there was considerable perturbation to the expression of many genes related to phytohormone metabolism and perception. In particular, auxin herbicide application enhanced the expression of the key abscisic acid biosynthetic gene, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid deoxygenase (NCED). The increase in NCED expression following auxin herbicide application led to a rapid biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA). This increase in ABA levels was independent of a loss of cell turgor or an increase in ethylene levels, both proposed triggers for rapid ABA biosynthesis. The levels of ABA in the leaf after auxin herbicide application continued to increase as plants approached death, up to >3-fold higher than in the leaves of plants that were drought stressed. We propose a new model in which synthetic auxin herbicides trigger plant death by the whole-scale, rapid, down-regulation of photosynthetic processes and an increase in ABA levels through up-regulation of NCED expression, independent of ethylene levels or a loss of cell turgor.
- Published
- 2020
17. Enraizadores alternativos na estaquia de frutíferas: Pesquisas e possibilidades.
- Author
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Batista Dantas, Gabriel and Alencar Fagundes, Nathalle Cristine
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LITERATURE reviews ,FRUIT trees ,NUTGRASS ,CYPERUS ,CYPERACEAE ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável is the property of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentavel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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18. Fluorescent probes for imaging and detection of plant hormones and their receptors.
- Author
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Yiliang Chen, Bo He, Mengxu Hu, Jiawei Bao, Wei Yan, Xinya Han, and Yonghao Ye
- Subjects
PLANT adaptation ,PLANT hormones ,PLANT growth ,PLANT development ,BIOSYNTHESIS - Abstract
Exploring plant behavior at the cellular scale in a minimally invasive manner is critical to understanding plant adaptation to the environment. Phytohormones play vital regulatory roles in multiple aspects of plant growth and development and acclimation to environmental changes. Since the biosynthesis, modification, transportation, and degradation of plant hormones in plants change with time and space, their content level and distribution are highly dynamic. To monitor the production, transport, perception, and distribution of phytohormones within undamaged tissues, we require qualitative and quantitative tools endowed with remarkably high temporal and spatial resolution. Fluorescent probes are regarded as excellent tools for widespread plant imaging because of their high sensitivity and selectivity, reproducibility, real-time in situ detection, and uncomplicated mechanism elucidation. In this review, we provide a systematical overview of the progress in the sensing and imaging of phytohormone fluorescent probes and fluorescently labeled phytohormones to their receptors in plants. Moreover, forthcoming viewpoints and possible applications of these fluorescent probes within the realm of plants are also presented. We hold the conviction that the new perspective brought by this paper can promote the development of fluorescent probes, enabling them to have better detection performance in plant hormone imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Development of abscisic acid receptor agonists/antagonists and their application prospect in agriculture: An overview.
- Author
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Xianjun Tang, Xiaobin Li, and Zhaohai Qin
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ABSCISIC acid ,PLANT hormones ,PLANT development ,ABIOTIC stress ,AGRICULTURAL chemicals - Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone, is crucial for regulating various physiological and developmental processes in plants, including adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent advancements have significantly contributed to our understanding of ABA's biosynthetic pathway, transport, signaling pathway, and metabolism. To overcome the limitations of natural ABA, scientists have developed broad-spectrum and highly active agonists of ABA receptors. However, the practical application of these receptor agonists as agrochemicals still faces several challenges. On the other hand, some ABA antagonists have also been developed to differentiate the functional differences among various receptors more accurately. This can help design ABA agonists that can selectively activate specific physiological responses, thereby eliminating the undesired physiological effects induced by ABA. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current ABA receptor agonists and antagonists to assist in developing novel ABA functional analogs with improved efficacy and simpler chemical structures that are suitable for agricultural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Identification and Characterisation of the CircRNAs Involved in the Regulation of Leaf Colour in Quercus mongolica.
- Author
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Yuan, Yangchen, Pang, Xinbo, Pang, Jiushuai, Wang, Qian, Zhou, Miaomiao, Lu, Yan, Xu, Chenyang, and Huang, Dazhuang
- Subjects
LEAF color ,PLANT hormones ,ABSCISIC acid ,CIRCULAR RNA ,COLOR ,AUXIN - Abstract
Simple Summary: In this paper, the mechanism of circular RNAs influence on leaf color of Quercus mongolica was proposed for the first time. It was determined that a total of 88 circRNAs were differentially expressed and five phytohormones were significantly altered. As a result, this article identified a total of 16 circRNAs that may be involved in regulating the color of Quercus mongolica leaves. CircRNAs may affect the color of Quercus mongolica leaves by interacting with auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscisic acid. This provides a theoretical basis for the cultivation of new varieties of colorful foliage species. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in various biological processes. However, the potential function of circRNAs in the turning red process of Quercus mongolica leaves is unclear. This study used RNA-seq data to identify 6228 circRNAs in leaf samples from four different developmental stages and showed that 88 circRNAs were differentially expressed. A correlation analysis was performed between anthocyanins and the circRNAs. A total of 16 circRNAs that may be involved in regulating the colour of Mongolian oak leaves were identified. CircRNAs may affect the colour of Q. mongolica leaves by regulating auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, and abscisic acid. This study revealed the potential role of circRNAs in the colour change of Q. mongolica leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Hormonal regulation in adventitious roots and during their emergence under waterlogged conditions in wheat
- Author
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Pham Anh Tuan, SeungHyun Son, Belay T. Ayele, Tran-Nguyen Nguyen, and Shalini Mukherjee
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,root elongation/growth ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Aerenchyma formation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Plant Growth Regulators ,stem node ,Hormone metabolism ,Jasmonate ,Lateral root formation ,Abscisic acid ,Triticum ,2. Zero hunger ,Indoleacetic Acids ,Plant Stems ,food and beverages ,Metabolism ,Adventitious roots ,Research Papers ,Cell biology ,waterlogging ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Cytokinin ,gene expression ,plant hormones ,aerenchyma ,Gibberellin ,Plant–Environment Interactions ,Abscisic Acid ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Acclimation of wheat to waterlogging is mediated by regulation of hormonal metabolism and transport in adventitious roots and during their emergence., To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying hormonal regulation in adventitious roots and during their emergence under waterlogged conditions in wheat, the present study investigated transcriptional regulation of genes related to hormone metabolism and transport in the root and stem node tissues. Waterlogging-induced inhibition of axile root elongation and lateral root formation, and promotion of surface adventitious and axile root emergence and aerenchyma formation are associated with enhanced expression levels of ethylene biosynthesis genes, ACS7 and ACO2, in both tissues. Inhibition of axile root elongation is also related to increased root indole acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonate (JA) levels that are associated with up-regulation of specific IAA biosynthesis/transport (TDC, YUC1, and PIN9) and JA metabolism (LOX8, AOS1, AOC1, and JAR1) genes, and transcriptional alteration of gibberellin (GA) metabolism genes (GA3ox2 and GA2ox8). Adventitious root emergence from waterlogged stem nodes is associated with increased levels of IAA and GA but decreased levels of cytokinin and abscisic acid (ABA), which are regulated through the expression of specific IAA biosynthesis/transport (TDC, YUC1, and PIN9), cytokinin metabolism (IPT5-2, LOG1, CKX5, and ZOG2), ABA biosynthesis (NCED1 and NCED2), and GA metabolism (GA3ox2 and GA2ox8) genes. These results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive response of wheat to waterlogging.
- Published
- 2018
22. Real time sensing of salicylic acid in infected tomato leaves using carbon tape electrodes modified with handed pencil trace.
- Author
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Wang, He-Ru, Bi, Xiao-Mei, Fang, Zi-Jun, Yang, Haibing, Gu, Hai-Ying, Sun, Li-Jun, and Bao, Ning
- Subjects
- *
PLANT hormones , *CARBON nanotubes , *PSEUDOMONAS syringae , *SALICYLIC acid , *COST effectiveness - Abstract
Highlights • The conductive carbon tape electrode was modified with pencil trace by hand. • The nanostructure of carbon tape could keep the handed pencil trace. • The modified electrodes could be used to screen SA in tomato leaves. • SA in infected and normal tomato leaves could be differentiated in real time. Abstract Plants encounter phytopathogens frequently and phytohormones (such as salicylic acid, SA) are critical for their corresponding defensive functions. Monitoring SA in real time could help us understand its regulation mechanisms more clearly. Previously we have demonstrated that carbon tape working electrodes modified with carbon nanotubes could be utilized for quantification of SA in tomato leaf samples with the weights at the level of micrograms. Herein inexpensive pencils were used to modify the carbon tape with the pencil trace as the working electrodes by hand drawing. The pencil types and the trace layers were optimized for screening SA, implying that the carbon tape could maintain the handed pencil trace with its nanostructure. The carbon tape electrodes modified with handed pencil trace were integrated in the paper-based devices for real time monitoring SA in tomato leaves infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 (pst DC3000). Our results showed that the contents of SA in the surrounding area of the infection center increased significantly after inoculation of pst DC3000 within 24 h. The modification of working electrodes with handed pencil trace provided a low cost and effective method for sensitive detection of SA. The similar approach and platform might be extended for more biochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Understanding AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Responses and Tolerance to Various Abiotic Stresses in Plants: A Comprehensive Review.
- Author
-
Ma, Ziming, Hu, Lanjuan, and Jiang, Wenzhu
- Subjects
ABIOTIC stress ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,PLANT hormones ,LONG-Term Evolution (Telecommunications) ,ABSCISIC acid ,GENETIC transcription regulation ,PLANT identification - Abstract
Abiotic stress is an adverse environmental factor that severely affects plant growth and development, and plants have developed complex regulatory mechanisms to adapt to these unfavourable conditions through long-term evolution. In recent years, many transcription factor families of genes have been identified to regulate the ability of plants to respond to abiotic stresses. Among them, the AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor) family is a large class of plant-specific proteins that regulate plant response to abiotic stresses and can also play a role in regulating plant growth and development. This paper reviews the structural features and classification of AP2/ERF transcription factors that are involved in transcriptional regulation, reciprocal proteins, downstream genes, and hormone-dependent signalling and hormone-independent signalling pathways in response to abiotic stress. The AP2/ERF transcription factors can synergise with hormone signalling to form cross-regulatory networks in response to and tolerance of abiotic stresses. Many of the AP2/ERF transcription factors activate the expression of abiotic stress-responsive genes that are dependent or independent of abscisic acid and ethylene in response to abscisic acid and ethylene. In addition, the AP2/ERF transcription factors are involved in gibberellin, auxin, brassinosteroid, and cytokinin-mediated abiotic stress responses. The study of AP2/ERF transcription factors and interacting proteins, as well as the identification of their downstream target genes, can provide us with a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of plant action in response to abiotic stress, which can improve plants' ability to tolerate abiotic stress and provide a more theoretical basis for increasing plant yield under abiotic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Advance Research on the Pre-Harvest Sprouting Trait in Vegetable Crop Seeds.
- Author
-
Qu, Yixin, Zhang, Yaqi, Zhang, Zhongren, Fan, Shanshan, Qi, Yu, Wang, Fang, Wang, Mingqi, Feng, Min, Liu, Xingwang, and Ren, Huazhong
- Subjects
SEED crops ,FOOD crops ,GERMINATION ,SEED yield ,FRUIT quality ,VEGETABLES - Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), the germination of seeds on the plant prior to harvest, poses significant challenges to agriculture. It not only reduces seed and grain yield, but also impairs the commodity quality of the fruit, ultimately affecting the success of the subsequent crop cycle. A deeper understanding of PHS is essential for guiding future breeding strategies, mitigating its impact on seed production rates and the commercial quality of fruits. PHS is a complex phenomenon influenced by genetic, physiological, and environmental factors. Many of these factors exert their influence on PHS through the intricate regulation of plant hormones responsible for seed germination. While numerous genes related to PHS have been identified in food crops, the study of PHS in vegetable crops is still in its early stages. This review delves into the regulatory elements, functional genes, and recent research developments related to PHS in vegetable crops. Meanwhile, this paper presents a novel understanding of PHS, aiming to serve as a reference for the study of this trait in vegetable crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Abscisic Acid: Metabolism, Signaling, and Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones under Heavy Metal Stress.
- Author
-
Bano, Ambreen, Singh, Kratika, Singh, Surendra Pratap, and Sharma, Pooja
- Subjects
ABSCISIC acid ,EFFECT of heavy metals on plants ,BIOLOGICAL crosstalk ,CELL membranes ,PLANT hormones - Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) stress poses a global risk to crops, ecological systems, and human health. It disrupts cellular ionic equilibrium, cell membrane integrity, metabolic balance, and the activities of enzymes and proteins, severely impacting physiological processes, plant development, and agricultural productivity. Although plants naturally activate defense mechanisms to mitigate the adverse effects of HM stress, they cannot completely prevent them. Phytohormones counter HM toxicity, aiding growth. External application and internal regulation via signaling/biosynthesis genes offer defense against HM-induced damage. A pivotal signaling molecule in plant adaptive responses to environmental stressors, including HM toxicity, is abscisic acid (ABA). Despite ABA's role in abiotic stress responses such as drought and salinity, its function and crosstalk with other phytohormones under HM stress remain poorly understood. Nonetheless, exogenously applied ABA serves as a strategic approach to enhancing plants' resistance to HM toxicity by promoting osmolyte accumulation and reinforcing antioxidant activity. ABA significantly regulates various plant growth and metabolic activities under diverse environmental conditions. This review highlights the effects of HM stress on plants and explores ABA involvement in production, signaling, catabolism, and transport within plant tissues. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the complex interplay between the metabolism of ABA, its signaling, and its interactions with other phytohormones (e.g., auxins, gibberellins, and ethylene) during HM exposure. Furthermore, we delve into the function of ABA to mitigate HM stress and elucidate its interactions with other phytohormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. 茉莉酸调控植物生长发育和胁迫的研究进展.
- Author
-
孙雨桐, 刘德帅, 齐迅, 冯美, 黄栩筝, and 姚文孔
- Abstract
Copyright of Biotechnology Bulletin is the property of Biotechnology Bulletin Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Pelleting of Physical Dormancy Small-Seeded Species in Astragalus sikokianus Nakai.
- Author
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Jin, Yea-Jung, Jeong, Han-Jin, Kim, Soo-Young, Cho, Seong-Hyun, Lee, Jin-Hwan, and Kim, Du-Hyun
- Subjects
ASTRAGALUS (Plants) ,PELLETIZING ,SEED size ,SEED dormancy ,PLANT hormones ,SEEDS ,SEEDLINGS - Abstract
Astragalus sikokianus is a rare Japanese perennial of the seashore that was reported to be extinct in the wild. The small seed size and deep dormancy of A. sikokianus make it difficult for direct seeding restoration in aspects of seed handling, transport, planting, and seedling establishment. For the large-scale economic restoration of dormant small-seeded species, seed pelleting combined with the breaking of dormancy was studied. Physiological (prechilling and plant hormones) and physical (hot water, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid) seed dormancy break treatments were evaluated. The dormant broken seeds were used for pelleting. The effects of the substrate, pellet sizes, and their interactions on germination were measured. The scarification of five rubs of seeds placed between sandpapers completely broke the physical dormancy of A. sikokianus. Seed coat impermeability inhibited germination. Pelleted seeds ranging from 2.0 to 4.0 mm in diameter showed more than 90% germination on filter paper. The germination of the pelleted seeds was measured in commercial, field, and sand soil conditions. The highest germination was shown in sand (70–74% GP), regardless of the pellet size, whereas unpelleted scarified seeds germinated only 48%. These results suggest that small-seeded species with physical dormancy can be used for seed-based restoration after seed pelleting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Roots of Lupinus angustifolius L. and enzyme activities in soil contaminated by toxic elements.
- Author
-
Novák, Milan, Zemanová, Veronika, Černý, Jindřich, and Pavlíková, Daniela
- Subjects
ABSCISIC acid ,PLANT hormones ,ALANINE aminopeptidase ,PLANT exudates ,SOIL pollution - Abstract
The impact of toxic elements (TEs) contaminating the root zone of Lupinus angustifolius L. on enzymatic activities, nitrification rate, and changes in the root system was evaluated. Lupine was cultivated in a pot experiment using two types of soil - control and contamination (with a high degree of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) contamination). After harvesting lupine biomass, enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulphatase, lipase, chitinase, cellobiohydrolase, alanine aminopeptidase, and leucine aminopeptidase) in soils were analysed. Enzyme activities decreased with TE soil contamination. According to our results, arylsulphatase was found to be the most sensitive soil enzyme to TEs. The nitrification rate is closely related to soil contamination and plant activity, as it stimulates microbial growth and multiplication through root exudates. The close correlations confirmed this relationship (r = 0.73-0.99). An increasing trend in TE contents in the roots was observed with soil contamination. Plant hormones are crucial in regulating root growth and development under stress conditions. The levels of determined phytohormones in our experiment (auxins, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and bioactive cytokinins (bCKs)) were lower in the contamination compared to the control. Correlations confirmed a significant negative relationship between the TE content in the roots and the contents of phytohormones (auxins: r = -0.96 to -0.97; ABA: r = -0.83 to -0.86; SA: r = -0.95 to -0.99, bCKs: r = -0.87 to -0.93). The ratios of these hormones (not their absolute values) appear to be the determining factor for regulating root development and protecting plants from oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The role of melatonin in delaying senescence and maintaining quality in postharvest horticultural products.
- Author
-
Liu, Y., Xu, J., Lu, X., Huang, M., Yu, W., and Li, C.
- Subjects
- *
HORTICULTURAL products , *PLANT hormones , *CARBOHYDRATE metabolism , *ENERGY metabolism , *CHROMATOPHORES , *FRUIT ripening - Abstract
The postharvest lifespan of horticultural products is closely related to loss of nutritional quality, accompanied by a rapid decline in shelf life, commercial value, and marketability. Melatonin (MT) application not only maintains quality but also delays senescence in horticultural products. This paper reviews biosynthesis and metabolism of endogenous MT, summarizes significant effects of exogenous MT application on postharvest horticultural products, examines regulatory mechanisms of MT‐mediated effects, and provides an integrated review for understanding the positive role of MT in senescence delay and quality maintenance. As a multifunctional molecule, MT coordinates other signal molecules, such as ABA, ETH, JA, SA, NO, and Ca2+, to regulate postharvest ripening and senescence. Several metabolic pathways are involved in regulation of MT during postharvest senescence, including synthesis and signal transduction of plant hormones, redox homeostasis, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and degradation of pigment and cell wall components. Moreover, MT regulates expression of genes related to plant hormones, antioxidant systems, energy generation, fruit firmness and colour, membrane integrity, and carbohydrate storage. Consequently, MT could become an emerging and eco‐friendly preservative to extend shelf life and maintain postharvest quality of horticultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. 基于转录组学挖掘湘巨 1 号耐盐相关候选基因.
- Author
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夏 敏, 徐 楠, 朱倩锋, 陈彦超, 杜丽桦, 汪启明, 夏新界, and 饶力群
- Subjects
- *
TRANSCRIPTION factors , *GENE expression , *PHYSIOLOGICAL oxidation , *GENETIC transcription regulation , *PLANT hormones - Abstract
[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the salt tolerance mechanism and molecular mechanism of giant rice by analyzing the expression specificity of differential genes in response to salt stress at seedling stage, and to provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of salt tolerance of giant rice. [Method] Xiangju 1 was used as the material, and the control and one salt concentration level (0.5% NaCl) were set up and treated for 72 hours. The dynamic changes and main enrichment pathways of response genes under salt stress were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. [Result] After salt stress, seedling height and fresh weight of Xiangju 1 were damaged by less than 30% stress. The total clean reads per each sample were 58.93 G Clean bases, the average GC content per each sample was 53.51%, the average Q20 and Q30 per each sample were 97.84% and 93.89% respectively. Gene differential expression analysis identified 2327 differentially expressed genes, including 1363 up-regulated genes and 964 down-regulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed by functional annotation, GO enrichment analysis showed that they were significantly enriched in 166 GO terms, among which the most significantly enriched terms were biological process of oxidation reduction process, nuclear metabolism process, transcriptional regulation; The cellular component of the cell component; The molecular function of the oxidoreductase activity, monooxygenase activity, transcription factor activity, etc. KEGG analysis showed that differential genes were significantly enriched in secondary metabolite synthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. [Conclusion] Xiangju 1 has strong salt tolerance, GO analysis shows that Xiangju 1 responds to salt stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and transcription factor expression. KEGG analysis shows that plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and other pathways play a leading role in response to salt stress. In the study, RNA-Seq sequencing technology is used to screen candidate genes of rice in response to salt stress, which provides a basis for further study of salt tolerance regulation mechanism of giant rice, and also provides an important theoretical basis for the development and cultivation of new varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Structure-activity relationships of strigolactones via a novel, quantitative in planta bioassay
- Author
-
Francesca Spyrakis, Zahid Ali, Cristina Prandi, Francesca Cardinale, Elena Sánchez, Marco Lucio Lolli, Chiara Lombardi, Wajeeha Saeed, Pilar Cubas, Beatrice Lace, Emma Artuso, Ivan Visentin, and Piermichele Kobauri
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Plant Science ,strigolactones ,perception ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lactones ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Arabidopsis ,strigolactone-D-lactams ,Structure–activity relationship ,Bioassay ,Luciferase ,Butenolide ,Rhizosphere ,integumentary system ,biology ,Chemistry ,Orobanche ,bioisosterism, bioassay, chemical space, docking, luciferase, perception, plant hormones, strigolactones, strigolactone-D-lactams ,food and beverages ,Biological activity ,luciferase ,biology.organism_classification ,Research Papers ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,Docking (molecular) ,chemical space ,docking ,plant hormones ,Biological Assay ,bioisosterism - Abstract
The biological activity of natural and novel strigolactone D-lactam analogues is assessed using a novel bioassay based on Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing AtD14 fused to firefly luciferase., Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones with various functions in development, responses to stress, and interactions with (micro)organisms in the rhizosphere, including with seeds of parasitic plants. Their perception for hormonal functions requires an α,β-hydrolase belonging to the D14 clade in higher plants; perception of host-produced SLs by parasitic seeds relies on similar but phylogenetically distinct proteins (D14-like). D14 and D14-like proteins are peculiar receptors, because they cleave SLs before undergoing a conformational change that elicits downstream events. Structure–activity relationship data show that the butenolide D-ring is crucial for bioactivity. We applied a bioisosteric approach to the structure of SLs by synthetizing analogues and mimics of natural SLs in which the D-ring was changed from a butenolide to a lactam and then evaluating their bioactivity. This was done by using a novel bioassay based on Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing AtD14 fused to firefly luciferase, in parallel with the quantification of germination-inducing activity on parasitic seeds. The results obtained showed that the in planta bioassay is robust and quantitative, and thus can be confidently added to the SL-survey toolbox. The results also showed that modification of the butenolide ring into a lactam one significantly hampers the biological activity exhibited by SLs possessing a canonical lactonic D-ring.
- Published
- 2018
32. A Common Molecular Signature Indicates the Pre-Meristematic State of Plant Calli.
- Author
-
Fehér, Attila
- Subjects
REGENERATION (Botany) ,PLANT hormones ,CALLUS (Botany) ,SOMATIC embryogenesis ,CELL division ,SOMATIC cells ,CELL differentiation ,PLANT biotechnology - Abstract
In response to different degrees of mechanical injury, certain plant cells re-enter the division cycle to provide cells for tissue replenishment, tissue rejoining, de novo organ formation, and/or wound healing. The intermediate tissue formed by the dividing cells is called a callus. Callus formation can also be induced artificially in vitro by wounding and/or hormone (auxin and cytokinin) treatments. The callus tissue can be maintained in culture, providing starting material for de novo organ or embryo regeneration and thus serving as the basis for many plant biotechnology applications. Due to the biotechnological importance of callus cultures and the scientific interest in the developmental flexibility of somatic plant cells, the initial molecular steps of callus formation have been studied in detail. It was revealed that callus initiation can follow various ways, depending on the organ from which it develops and the inducer, but they converge on a seemingly identical tissue. It is not known, however, if callus is indeed a special tissue with a defined gene expression signature, whether it is a malformed meristem, or a mass of so-called "undifferentiated" cells, as is mostly believed. In this paper, I review the various mechanisms of plant regeneration that may converge on callus initiation. I discuss the role of plant hormones in the detour of callus formation from normal development. Finally, I compare various Arabidopsis gene expression datasets obtained a few days, two weeks, or several years after callus induction and identify 21 genes, including genes of key transcription factors controlling cell division and differentiation in meristematic regions, which were upregulated in all investigated callus samples. I summarize the information available on all 21 genes that point to the pre-meristematic nature of callus tissues underlying their wide regeneration potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. 多花黄精种子微根茎基因表达特征分析.
- Author
-
刘保财, 陈菁瑛, 张武君, 黄颖桢, 赵云青, 刘剑超, and 危智诚
- Subjects
STARCH metabolism ,SEED physiology ,PLANT hormones ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,CATALYTIC activity ,GERMINATION ,GENE regulatory networks - Abstract
Copyright of Biotechnology Bulletin is the property of Biotechnology Bulletin Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. 脱落酸功能类似物萘酮戊酸对水稻生长发育及 产量的影响.
- Author
-
李静茹, 李传艳, 王涛, 张莉, 杜晓英, and 覃兆海
- Subjects
RICE seeds ,RICE quality ,ABSCISIC acid ,CROP development ,GERMINATION ,PLANT hormones ,SEED treatment ,DURUM wheat - Abstract
Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Molecular basis of differential sensitivity to MeJA in floret opening between indica and japonica rice.
- Author
-
ZHIQIANG YAN, RUYUE DENG, HUIHUI TANG, HONGWEI ZHANG, and SUSONG ZHU
- Subjects
ALPHA-linolenic acid ,STARCH metabolism ,PLANT hormones ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,SEED industry ,HYBRID rice - Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) accelerated floret opening in rice, crucial for addressing inconsistent floret opening in hybrid seed production of indica × japonica hybrids. However, indica and japonica rice exhibited notable differences in their sensitivity to MeJA's impact on floret opening, with indica responding faster. To clarify the molecular basis of MeJA-induced floret opening sensitivity differences between indica and japonica rice, after 1 h of MeJA spraying, transcriptomes and endogenous floret opening regulators were compared between indica and japonica rice, with histology differences observed. The results showed that MeJA quickly activated plant hormones in indica and japonica rice, but JAZ genes in JA signalling pathway upregulation were greater in indica rice. Alpha-linolenic acid, starch and sucrose metabolism pathways responded faster in indica rice. MeJA boosted endogenous JA synthesis more in indica rice, which had 5-6 middle-layer cells, more than japonica's 3-4 layers, resulting in thicker glumes. The metabolic pathways regulating floret opening, including plant hormone signal transduction, alpha-linolenic acid and starch and sucrose metabolism, along with endogenous JA and soluble sugars, could respond to exogenous MeJA. However, the more intense and rapid responses of these regulatory pathways and endogenous substances to MeJA in indica, resulted in the difference in sensitivity to MeJA between indica and japonica rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of hormone concentrations in plants.
- Author
-
Holden, Claire A., McAinsh, Martin R., Taylor, Jane E., Beckett, Paul, Albacete, Alfonso, Martínez-Andújar, Cristina, Morais, Camilo L. M., and Martin, Francis L.
- Subjects
ATTENUATED total reflectance ,PLANT hormones ,PARTIAL least squares regression ,INFRARED spectroscopy ,FISHER discriminant analysis ,PECTINS - Abstract
Plant hormones are important in the control of physiological and developmental processes including seed germination, senescence, flowering, stomatal aperture, and ultimately the overall growth and yield of plants. Many currently available methods to quantify such growth regulators quickly and accurately require extensive sample purification using complex analytic techniques. Herein we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to create and validate the prediction of hormone concentrations made using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectral profiles of both freeze-dried ground leaf tissue and extracted xylem sap of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) plants grown under different environmental conditions. In addition to these predictions made with partial least squares regression, further analysis of spectral data was performed using chemometric techniques, including principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and support vector machines (SVM). Plants grown in different environments had sufficiently different biochemical profiles, including plant hormonal compounds, to allow successful differentiation by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with SVM. ATR-FTIR spectral biomarkers highlighted a range of biomolecules responsible for the differing spectral signatures between growth environments, such as triacylglycerol, proteins and amino acids, tannins, pectin, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose, DNA and RNA. Using partial least squares regression, we show the potential for accurate prediction of plant hormone concentrations from ATR-FTIR spectral profiles, calibrated with hormonal data quantified by UHPLC-HRMS. The application of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics offers accurate prediction of hormone concentrations in plant samples, with advantages over existing approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. 灯盏花叶片数调控基因磷酸蛋白酶1的 克隆与功能分析.
- Author
-
方所艳, 朱琴, 杨云会, 关德军, 张尚林, 宋家瑶, 张旭高, and 和四梅
- Subjects
- *
GENE expression , *PLANT hormones , *GENETIC transformation , *GENETIC vectors , *LEAF development , *FLOWERING time - Abstract
[Objective] The paper aimed to explore the function of the phosphoproteinase 1 (EbPP1) gene related to the number of leaves in Erigeron breviscapus, which lays the foundation for revealing the molecular mechanisms of E. breviscapus leaf number and flowering time. [Method) The EbPP1 gene from the leaves of E. breviscapus was cloned and constructed into the plant overexpression vector RP101. The dip- ping flower method was used to infect newly bolted Arabidopsis thaliana plants for heterologous expression, several T1, T2 and T, generations of A. thaliana positive plants were obtained through screening. Finally, the number of leaves and flowering time of T3 generation positive plants were counted. The expression level of EbPPI was detected by RT-qPCR, and the endogenous hormone content of A. thaliana plants was measured. [Result] The full-length EbPP1 gene was successfully cloned and overexpression vector RP101-GFP EbPP1 was constructed for this gene, cloned stable genetic transformation had been achieved in A. thaliana, and 24 positive EbPPI transgenic plants were obtained in the T3 generation. Real time fluorescence quantitative analysis was performed on the T3 generation positive plants, and RT-qPCR results showed that the EbPP1 gene was overexpressed in the transgenic A. thaliana, with its expression level increasing from 1.034 in the wild type to 136.33; Transgenic A. thaliana exhibited phenotypic characteristics of increased leaf number and delayed flowering time; Quantitative determination of endogenous hormone content in plants by LC-MS showed that the content of various hormones such as indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) and gibberellin-24 (GA24) in T3 transgenic A. thaliana were significantly higher than that in the wild type, with the precursor substance of growth hormone L-tryptophan (TRP) being particularly significant, reaching three times that of the wild type. [Conclusion] Suc- cessfully, the heterologously EbPPI gene is expressed in A. thaliana plants. Compared with wild A. thaliana plants, transgenic A. thaliana plants have an increased number of leaves, increase its expression of EbPPI gene, and increase endogenous hormone content. Based on the above results, it is suggested that EbPP1 may affect the number of leaves and flowering time of E. breviscapus by regulating plant hormone levels. The study lays the foundation for further analyzing the mechanisms related to the development of leaf number and flowering molecular mechanisms of E. breviscapus, and also provides a certain genetic basis for the breeding of high-quality E. breviscapus varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. An auxin research odyssey: 1989–2023.
- Author
-
Cohen, Jerry D and Strader, Lucia C
- Subjects
- *
AUXIN , *PLANT cell development , *PLANT hormones , *PLANT regulators , *SYSTEMS biology , *CELL growth , *MOLECULAR biology - Abstract
The phytohormone auxin is at times called the master regulator of plant processes and has been shown to be a central player in embryo development, the establishment of the polar axis, early aspects of seedling growth, as well as growth and organ formation during later stages of plant development. The Plant Cell has been key, since the inception of the journal, to developing an understanding of auxin biology. Auxin-regulated plant growth control is accomplished by both changes in the levels of active hormones and the sensitivity of plant tissues to these concentration changes. In this historical review, we chart auxin research as it has progressed in key areas and highlight the role The Plant Cell played in these scientific developments. We focus on understanding auxin-responsive genes, transcription factors, reporter constructs, perception, and signal transduction processes. Auxin metabolism is discussed from the development of tryptophan auxotrophic mutants, the molecular biology of conjugate formation and hydrolysis, indole-3-butyric acid metabolism and transport, and key steps in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. This progress leads to an expectation of a more comprehensive understanding of the systems biology of auxin and the spatial and temporal regulation of cellular growth and development. This review focus is on the developments in the auxin and ties the critical papers in The Plant Cell to the overall development of auxin-related concepts during the time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. 海洋生境棘孢木霉 TCS007 缓解蚕豆干旱胁迫的研究.
- Author
-
陈赛, 倪敏姿, 崔 峰, and 陈 杰
- Subjects
FAVA bean ,DROUGHT tolerance ,BIOCOMPATIBILITY ,PLANT hormones ,MARINE sediments ,ABSCISIC acid - Abstract
Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses of drought response mechanism in mung bean (Vignaradiata (L.) Wilczek) leaves.
- Author
-
Guo, Yaning, Zhang, Siyu, Ai, Jing, Zhang, Panpan, Yao, Han, Liu, Yunfei, and Zhang, Xiong
- Subjects
MUNG bean ,DROUGHTS ,DROUGHT management ,TRANSCRIPTOMES ,PLANT hormones ,DATA scrubbing ,WATER management - Abstract
Drought is a major factor that limiting mung bean development. To clarify the molecular mechanism of mung bean in response to drought stress, 2 mung bean groups were established, the experimental group (drought-treated) and the control group (normal water management). With prominent difference of 2 groups in stomatal conductance, relative water content and phenotype, leaf samples were collected at 4 stages, and the physiological index of MDA, POD, chlorophyll, and soluble proteins were estimated. RNA-seq was used to obtain high quality data of samples, and differentially expressed genes were identified by DESeq2. With GO and KEGG analysis, DEGs were enriched into different classifications and pathways. WGCNA was used to detect the relationship between physiological traits and genes, and qPCR was performed to confirm the accuracy of the data. We obtained 169.49 Gb of clean data from 24 samples, and the Q30 of each date all exceeded 94%. In total, 8963 DEGs were identified at 4 stages between the control and treated samples, and the DEGs were involved in most biological processes. 1270 TFs screened from DEGs were clustered into 158 TF families, such as AP2, RLK-Pelle-DLSVA, and NAC TF families. Genes related to physiological traits were closely related to plant hormone signaling, carotenoid biosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, and protein processing. This paper provides a large amount of data for drought research in mung bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. KARRIKINS -- EFFECT ON PLANTS, INTERACTION WITH OTHER GROWTH REGULATORS, AND POTENTIAL USE IN HORTICULTURE.
- Author
-
Marciniak, Przemysław, Sochacki, Dariusz, and Nowakowska, Karolina
- Subjects
PLANT physiology ,HORTICULTURE ,PLANT morphology ,ABSCISIC acid ,SENSITIVE plant ,PLANT hormones ,PLANT regulators - Abstract
Karrikins are a group of chemicals found in plant-derived smoke from burning plant material. To date, scientists have concentrated on their effect on seed germination in plants sensitive to smoke. However, there are reports on the effect of karrikins on the physiology and morphology of plants that do not occur in fire areas and are not naturally treated by smoke. These chemicals positively affect the biometric parameters of in vitro cultured plants. Their effect on pollen germination rate in several species has been recently confirmed. They interact with plant growth regulators, enhancing their effects, for example, using them together with auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, or ethylene. This paper reviews the present research on karrikins and proposes perspectives for further investigations and applying these chemicals in horticultural production as a new group of plant growth regulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Portable Electrochemical Sensing of Indole‐3‐acetic Acid Based on Self‐assembled MXene and Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Modified Screen‐printed Electrode.
- Author
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Chen, Yuxue, Sun, Yunxiu, Niu, Yanyan, Wang, Baoli, Zhang, Zejun, Zeng, Lina, Li, Lin, and Sun, Wei
- Subjects
MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes ,CARBON nanotubes ,CARBON composites ,ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors ,PLANT hormones ,ELECTRODES - Abstract
As a typical plant hormone, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) can regulate the biological activities including division, growth and differentiation of plant cells. In this paper, a MXene and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composite was prepared by self‐assembly procedure, which was modified on screen‐printed electrode (SPE) to construct a wireless portable electrochemical sensor. Electrochemical investigations of IAA were studied by cyclic voltammetry and an irreversible oxidation process could be observed. The excellent electroanalytical method of IAA was realized on the modified SPE with the detection range as 0.05–125.0 μmol/L and the detection limit as 16.7 nmol/L. The sensor was used for IAA content analysis in different part of pea seedlings with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Impact of Auxin and Cytokinin on the Growth and Development of Selected Crops.
- Author
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Sosnowski, Jacek, Truba, Milena, and Vasileva, Viliana
- Subjects
CROP development ,SHOOT apical meristems ,PLANT regulators ,CYTOKININS ,PLANT hormones ,PLANT growth ,AUXIN ,ROOT development - Abstract
With a very diverse structure and small molecules, phytohormones are regulators of plant growth and development. Despite the fact that they are synthesized by plants in small quantities, they are highly active physiologically. According to their action, phytohormones can be divided into two categories, as either activators of plant growth and development or as inhibitors, with auxins and cytokinins belonging to the former group. Auxins are synthesized by plants in the apical meristems of shoots, but also in young leaves, seeds, and fruits. They stimulate the elongation growth of shoots and initiate the production of adventitious and lateral roots. Cytokinins, in turn, are formed in root tips and in unripe fruits and seeds. These hormones are responsible for stimulating the growth of lateral shoots, they also stimulate cytokinesis and, consequently, cell division. The aim of this review paper is to present the progress of the research on the effect of selected auxins and cytokinins on crops, considering the prospect of using them in plant growing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Insights into the environmental factors shaping lateral root development.
- Author
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Zhang, Weimeng, Fang, Da, Dong, Kui, Hu, Fei, Ye, Ziyi, and Cao, Jun
- Subjects
ROOT development ,PLANT hormones ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,ABSCISIC acid ,CULTIVARS ,PLANT development - Abstract
Roots are important organs of plants. Plants rely on roots for water, nutrients, and organic salts. In the whole root system, lateral roots (LRs) account for a large proportion and are critical to the development of the plant. Many environmental factors affect LR development. Therefore, a systematic understanding of these factors can provide a theoretical basis for creating optimal growth conditions for plants. In this paper, the factors affecting LR development are systematically and comprehensively summarized, and the molecular mechanism and regulatory network of LR development are described. Changes in the external environment not only lead to hormone homeostasis in plants but also affect the composition and activity of rhizosphere microbial communities, which in turn affect plants' nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and growth dynamics. LR development is influenced by hormone levels and external environment. In particular, auxin and abscisic acid coordinate with each other to maintain normal LR development. Of course, changes in the external environment are also important for root development, and they affect the intrinsic hormone levels of plants by affecting the accumulation and transport of hormones. For example, nitrogen, phosphorus, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, water, drought, light, and rhizosphere microorganisms affect LR development and plant tolerance in a variety of ways, including regulating hormone levels. This review summarizes the factors affecting LR development and the regulatory network and points out the direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. MAPKKKs in Plants: Multidimensional Regulators of Plant Growth and Stress Responses.
- Author
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Xie, Chen, Yang, Liu, and Gai, Yingping
- Subjects
PLANT regulators ,MITOGEN-activated protein kinases ,PLANT genes ,PLANT growth ,PLANT hormones ,WNT signal transduction - Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK, MAP3K) is located upstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade pathway and is responsible for receiving and transmitting external signals to the downstream MAPKKs. Although a large number of MAP3K genes play important roles in plant growth and development, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses, only a few members' functions and cascade signaling pathways have been clarified, and the downstream MAPKKs and MAPKs of most MAP3Ks are still unknown. As more and more signaling pathways are discovered, the function and regulatory mechanism of MAP3K genes will become clearer. In this paper, the MAP3K genes in plants were classified and the members and basic characteristics of each subfamily of MAP3K were briefly described. Moreover, the roles of plant MAP3Ks in regulating plant growth and development and stress (abiotic and biotic) responses are described in detail. In addition, the roles of MAP3Ks involved in plant hormones signal transduction pathway were briefly introduced, and the future research focus was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Molecular Mechanism of Cold Tolerance of Centipedegrass Based on the Transcriptome.
- Author
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Liu, Yingjie, Xiong, Yi, Zhao, Junming, Bai, Shiqie, Li, Daxu, Chen, Limin, Feng, Junjie, Li, Yingzhu, Ma, Xiao, and Zhang, Jianbo
- Subjects
TRANSCRIPTOMES ,CIRCADIAN rhythms ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of cold temperatures ,PROLINE metabolism ,GENE regulatory networks ,FLAVONOIDS ,PLANT hormones - Abstract
Low temperature is an important limiting factor in the environment that affects the distribution, growth and development of warm-season grasses. Transcriptome sequencing has been widely used to mine candidate genes under low-temperature stress and other abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanism of centipedegrass in response to low-temperature stress was rarely reported. To understand the molecular mechanism of centipedegrass in response to low-temperature stress, we measured physiological indicators and sequenced the transcriptome of centipedegrass under different stress durations. Under cold stress, the SS content and APX activity of centipedegrass increased while the SOD activity decreased; the CAT activity, POD activity and flavonoid content first increased and then decreased; and the GSH-Px activity first decreased and then increased. Using full-length transcriptome and second-generation sequencing, we obtained 38.76 G subreads. These reads were integrated into 177,178 isoforms, and 885 differentially expressed transcripts were obtained. The expression of AUX_IAA and WRKY transcription factors and HSF transcription-influencing factors increased during cold stress. Through KEGG enrichment analysis, we determined that arginine and proline metabolism, plant circadian rhythm, plant hormone signal transduction and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways played important roles in the cold stress resistance of centipedegrass. In addition, by using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we determined that the turquoise module was significantly correlated with SS content and APX activity, while the blue module was significantly negatively correlated with POD and CAT activity. This paper is the first to report the response of centipedegrass to cold stress at the transcriptome level. Our results help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the cold tolerance of warm-season grasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A Review on Industrial CO 2 Capture through Microalgae Regulated by Phytohormones and Cultivation Processes.
- Author
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Chen, Hao, Jiang, Yuye, Zhu, Kai, Yang, Jingwen, Fu, Yanxia, and Wang, Shuang
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,MICROALGAE ,PLANT hormones ,MICROBIAL metabolism ,ABIOTIC stress ,INDUSTRIAL gases - Abstract
Microalgae is a promising metabolism microorganism for the fixation of CO
2 from industrial gas while accumulating microalgae biomass. The process of CO2 fixation by microalgae is able to be significantly improved by the regulation of phytohormones. However, the complex metabolic mechanism of microalgae regulated by phytohormones and abiotic stress on CO2 fixation deserves to be explored. To systematically understand the existing status and establish a foundation for promoting the technology, this paper reviews investigations on the metabolic mechanism of microalgae regulated by phytohormones. The influences of nitrogen stress, light intensity stress, heavy metal stress, and salinity stress on CO2 fixation and lipid production are summarized. In addition, a comprehensive overview of the multistage regulation of phytohormones and abiotic stress on CO2 fixation and lipid production through microalgae is presented. The recent advances in CO2 transfer reinforcement and light transmission reinforcement in photobioreactors are discussed. This review provides an insight into the enhancement of CO2 fixation by microalgae regulated by phytohormones, abiotic stress, and mass transfer in multistage photobioreactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Protective effect of plant compounds in pesticides toxicity.
- Author
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Jabłońska – Trypuć, Agata and Wiater, Józefa
- Subjects
EFFECT of pesticides on plants ,PESTICIDES ,POLLUTANTS ,PLANT hormones ,PHENOLS ,OXIDATIVE stress - Abstract
Introduction: The relationship between pesticide exposure and the occurrence of many chronic diseases, including cancer, is confirmed by literature data. Methods: In this review, through the analysis of more than 70 papers, we explore an increase in oxidative stress level caused by exposure to environmental pollutants and the protective effects of plant-origin antioxidants. Results and discussion: One of the molecular mechanisms, by which pesticides affect living organisms is the induction of oxidative stress. However, recently many plant-based dietary ingredients with antioxidant properties have been considered as a chemopreventive substances due to their ability to remove free radicals. Such a food component must meet several conditions: eliminate free radicals, be easily absorbed and function at an appropriate physiological level. Its main function is to maintain the redox balance and minimize the cellular damage caused by ROS. Therefore, it should be active in aqueous solutions and membrane domains. These properties are characteristic for phenolic compounds and selected plant hormones. Phenolic compounds have proven antioxidant properties, while increasing number of compounds from the group of plant hormones with a very diverse chemical structure turn out to act as antioxidants, being potential food ingredients that can eliminate negative effects of pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Principal Component Analysis to Assess the Changes of Yield and Quality in Pinellia ternata at Different Stages after Brassinolide Treatments.
- Author
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Guo, Chenchen, Zhang, Yanfen, Wu, Dengyun, Wang, Mengyue, Du, Yu, Chu, Jianzhou, and Yao, Xiaoqin
- Subjects
PRINCIPAL components analysis ,PLANT hormones ,HARVESTING time ,TUBERS - Abstract
Brassinolide (BR) is the "sixth class" plant hormone, which plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes of plants. The wide variety of functions of Pinellia ternata means that there is huge demand for it and thus it is in short supply. This paper mainly assessed the changes of yield and quality in P. ternata at different stages after BR treatments by principal component analysis, in order to improve the yield and quality of P. ternata and at the same time determine the best harvest time. The results showed that the tuber yield of P. ternata was significantly increased by BR treatments at different stages (except for the 15th day). After the 15th, 45th, 60th, 75th, 90th, and 105th day of treatments, the tuber yield of P. ternata reached peak values at 0.10 (0.65 g), 0.50 (1.97 g), 0.50 (1.98 g), 1.00 (2.37 g), 1.00 (2.84 g), and 2.00 mg/L (3.76 g) BR treatment, respectively. The optimal harvest time was the 75th day after 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/L BR treatments, which not only significantly improved the yield of P. ternata, but also retained high level of total alkaloids in the tubers (20.89, 5.37, and 13.44%) and bulbils (9.74, 20.42, and 13.62%), high total flavone content in the tubers (17.66, 16.26, and 12.74%) and bulbils (52.63, 12.79, and 38.69%), and high β-sitosterol content in the tubers (25.26, 16.65, and 0.62%) of P. ternata, compared with the control, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Exploration of the phytohormone regulation of energy storage compound accumulation in microalgae.
- Author
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Shah, Saud, Li, Xiuling, Jiang, Zhaoyu, Fahad, Shah, and Hassan, Shah
- Subjects
ENERGY storage ,MICROALGAE ,ALGAL cells ,ABIOTIC stress ,LIGHT intensity ,HEAVY metals ,PLANT hormones - Abstract
Microalgal energy storage compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, etc.) can serve as renewable feedstocks for biofuels and biobased chemicals. Traditional methods of inducing the accumulation of energy storage compounds in microalgae, such as abiotic stress (high light intensity, high salinity, nutrient limitation, heavy metals, etc.), can affect the growth of microalgae and limit their efficient accumulation of energy storage materials. Plant hormones are a class of small molecular substances that act as chemical messengers to coordinate plant cell activities and regulate the physiological and metabolic activities of microalgae, including promoting microalgal cell proliferation, improving stress resistance, and enhancing photosynthetic activity, thereby increasing algal biomass and lipid, chlorophyll and protein content. This paper reviews the recent research progress on regulation of the accumulation of energy storage compounds in microalgae by adding exogenous plant hormones combined with abiotic stress, discusses the mechanism of plant hormones regarding the accumulation of energy storage compounds in microalgae, and proposes future research needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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