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An exhaustive review of different archived documents at the University of Costa Rica was the starting point of this paper, in order to: highlight the work of the School of Philology, Linguistics and Literature, since its inception, in the field of writing, to point out the approaches used in the teaching of specific writing courses (Composition And Style, Basic Writing Course, Written Expression I and II) and to discuss the existence or absence of paradigm changes in the programs of said courses through the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with one chapter in the history of German Studies as a scholarly pursuit at the University of Prague. Specifically it attempts to describe the circumstances of the foundation of the Department of German Studies in 1874 and its development until 1882, when, after the division of the University of Prague, two autonomous Departments of German Studies, responsible for academic philological research into German, as one of the national languages and literatures in the Czech Lands, were established at the German and Czech Universities of Prague respectively. The establishment of the Department of German Studies meant the definitive institutionalization of German Studies at the University of Prague and at the same time the full integration of German Studies into the system of scholarly disciplines. Attention is also paid to the personalities of the founders — Johann Kelle and Ernst Martin — and their colleague Hans Lambel.

Before delving into the connections between linguistics and semiotics, it is essential to es­tablish a clear demarcation between these fields, which necessitates a precise definition of each subject. However, the approach taken by Anton Zimmerling in this regard is subject to de­bate. In the discussion of semiotics, the focus tends to lean towards interpretations that recog­nize the dual understanding of signs, while unilateral conceptions of signs are often over­looked. Linguistics is typically confined to the study of language itself, and the treatment of linguistics concerning speech (text) is often seen as a concealed branch of philology. Moreo­ver, it remains unclear whether the distinction between language and speech pertains to lin­guistics or philology. This ambiguity extends to the status of linguistic pragmatics. To address this issue constructively, it is useful to differentiate between five concepts en­compassing language and speech: hermeneutics, philology, linguistics, semiotics, and prag­malinguistics. Each of these concepts delineates a specific ontology and corresponding metho­do­lo­gical approach. By considering them as orthogonal axes within a fan matrix, one can identify 25 possible approaches for studying speech, including those that are currently em­ployed and potential ones. Within this framework, philological linguistics, as discussed by Zimmerling, finds its place, and the transitions of scholars like Witzany from biohermeneu­tics to biopragmalinguistics and Ongstad's shift from philology become more comprehensible.

This article examines the textuality of Menaḥem ben-Saruk’s Maḥberet, the first biblical Hebrew-Hebrew dictionary, composed in Cordoba, Andalusia, c. 950 CE. The Maḥberet has reached us in several Genizah fragments and about twenty manuscripts, the earliest being London, The British Library, Add. 27214 (aka London 950) dated 1091 (L1) and London, The British Library, Arundel Or 51 (aka London 951) dated 1189 (L2). Other manuscripts were copied during the 13th century or later. Because the Maḥberet has been corrupted in the course of its long transmission, including during the interval between 950 CE, its first publication, and 1091, the date of the earliest manuscript, it is impossible to reconstruct its Urtext. The two eclectic editions published (Filipowski 1854; Sáenz-Badillos 1986) are full of errors. A philological analysis of a particular text of the Maḥberet based on the oldest manuscripts preserved at the British Library (compared with relevant Italian Genizah fragments) is undertaken here as a test case to trace the copyists’ interventions.

This review was written in response to the publication of a collection of research articles dedicated to Tatiana V. Shmelyova’s anniversary. Therefore, all articles included in the collection “Increment of Meaning” are related to one of the leading Russian studies researchers of our time, her scientific interests and studies, among which are syntax, philology, speech genres, onomastics, media linguistics, history of science, and key words of the present moment. This review describes and analyses the research articles and reports included in the collection, describes the structure and contents of the publication, identifies the most distinct tendencies in the study of language. Some of the Tatiana V. Shmelyova’s original texts are mentioned as a favourable feature of the collection – the keynote speech at the VI International Russian Language Researchers Congress which opens the collection “Increment of Meaning”, as well as an interview with Tatiana V. Shmelyova which shows her personality as a Scientist, Teacher and Person. The unique thematic and compositional structure of the collection is especially noteworthy–the fact that along with Tatiana V. Shmelyova’s original texts there are also articles written by her colleagues, students and friends gives it a dialogic quality rarely seen in research papers, creates an impression of an unhurried conversation full of discussions about science and, at the same time, full of memories of days/months/years spent together that have inspired each of the participants of the “dialogue” to actively pursue their research and creative work. This dialogic quality is found in the form of other people’s numerous opinions and impressions of Tatiana V. Shmelyova and their experience of working with her which are present in almost every article in the collection (this review contains their quotations) as well as in a more concentrated form in the final section “Materials and Accounts”. The collection “Increment of Meaning” is not only an important research resource for specialists in the Russian language and modern linguistics, but also an invaluable source of information about Tatiana V. Shmelyova as a Person.

Kurze Anmerkungen und Korrekturen zur Veröffentlichung einer syrischen Altartafel in Aethiopica 24 (2021). Behandelt werden in erster Linie die Lesung, die Transkription und die Datierung der Tafel.

Dissertation abstract

In this paper we provide an introduction to the two German texts translated for this issue of RAHL. These are two interventions by Georg Curtius and Karl Brugmann, dated in 1862 and 1885 respectively, both devoted to dealing with the complex relationship between philology and linguistics. To do so, we first sketch a review of different features of the discussion on the relationship between both disciplines throughout the 19th century in the German-speaking academic space. Then, we present some basic issues that should contribute to situate the texts in their own context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These comments make a case for the value of careful philological work with literary texts in the language classroom. I propose that grammatically sensitive close reading of literature is a valuable way to introduce students to the generative relationship between rules and originality in language use, the way that each utterance draws on the available resources of a language to intervene into a concrete situation. In support of this claim, I offer an example from my own Russian teaching, in which the alternating grammatical gender in Zinaida Gippius' 1905 poem "Ты" ("You") opens up linguistic strategies used by present-day non-binary and gender non-conforming Russian speakers.

Fontes Linguae Vasconum aldizkariaren 50. urteurrena kari egindako jardueren kronika Crónica de las actividades llevadas a cabo con motivo del aniversario de la revista Fontes Linguae Vasconum. Report of the activities organised for the 50th anniversary of the journal Fontes Linguae Vasconum

Saio honen helburua da 1750ean Gaspar Miranda eta Argaitz Iruñeko gotzainak dantzak debekatzeko aginduaren euskarazko itzulpenaren edizioa aurkeztea; horretarako Baztango Elbeten eta Elizondon jasotako bi aldaerak erabili dira. Testuak lehendik ere ezagunak baziren ere, saio honetan lehen aldiz eskaintzen dira Elbeteko eta Elizondoko aldaerak batera eta osorik, edizio kritiko batean. Edizioaren ondoren, testuaren azterketa dialektologikoa egiten da eta zenbait ohar ematen dira testuaren fidagarritasun dialektalaz. The main aim of this paper is to present a critical edition of an ecclesiastic edict that forbade public dances. This edict was ordered by Gaspar Miranda y Argaitz, the bishop of Pamplona, in 1750 and was translated into Basque, in a dialectal variant of Elbete and Elizondo, both villages of Baztan. Even though the texts were well-known, in this paper both are presented in full length and together for the first time in a critical edition. In addition, a dialectological analysis is presented as well in order to illustrate the dialectal reliability.

Digital philology studies texts and textuality in electronic networks and the ways of their reading, writing and transformation. Electronic texts are much more fluid and transformable than paper texts and oral utterances. Textonics is a combination of theoretical and practical work with digital texts, the use of the Internet and all the capabilities of computer technology to create new sign ensembles, to develop new genres of intellectual creativity, and to rethink and reorganize existing textual formations. This article introduces a number of theoretical concepts, denoting different configurations of digital texts: megatext — a collection of texts that are perceived and studied as a single thematic or semantic whole; unitext — the totality of all megatexts; supratext — the text of a higher order in relation to the given one; syntexts united by a common supratext and functioning as synonyms with respect to each other; peritext — a list of syntexts, a table of contents as presented by a search engine. Each author and researcher of electronic texts has to interact with the entire Web: each word has to be properly placed not only within its immediate context, but also in the supratexts of its usage by other authors throughout the history of writing. As a result, the main philological proce­dure is shifting: interpretation, as a deep-semantic reading of a text, is increasingly supersed­ed by its retextualization, transformation, expansion or narrowing of its sign frameworks. The internet makes it easy to synthesize new texts that integrate or disperse the initial, ana­lysed text via quotes or hyperlinks. Thus, coherent, linear reading and writing give way to the paradigmatic, cross-cutting approach. With the proliferation of automatic translation pro­grams and the multilingual competence of readers, the interaction among languages also changes: translation as a search for equivalence gives way to an interlation, a constructive metamorphosis that plays on the inequivalence of different languages.

The memoirs reveal the multifaceted personality of Professor N. Kondrashov. The author tells about the acquaintance with the scientist and her first steps in Philology, speaks about his rare qualities as a supervisor, notes unknown features from the biography of the Slavist. Conversations with N. Kondrashov, passed in the memoirs almost factual accuracy, highlight the extraordinary properties of a language personality of a teacher: the aphoristic nature, deliberately blunt irony, a desire to help the student and cheer her up with jokes, high of teacher’s dignity replicas and dialogues, the moral power of the word.

The era of the late 1960s-1970s is reconstructed: studies in graduate school, linguistic maturity, the choice of thesis topics, etc. The atmosphere of communication with the supervisor Professor N. Kondrashov is shown in the dialogues and authentic replicas. The author recalls unusual cases from his scientific biography, with humor and lively lyrical intonation describes the episodes of acquaintance and subsequent cooperation with the teacher, notes the most vivid and memorable features of his character and spiritual appearance.

Book Review

In the present paper, the study of the variants given by the translators of the bible text into the Romanian language during the old age and contemporary to the verse under Philippians, 3, 8, which contains in the Greek version a rare word in the Bible (σκῠ́βᾰλον), highlights the fact that the act of translation places the text on the path of a language, subjecting it to the state of the language at a given moment and to its evolution. At any moment, there is a formal adjustment, which follows what is considered to be correct or at least linguistically possible: first, it is that of the foreign text to the new language—Romanian; then, it is that of the Romanian text to the renewals of the Romanian language—adjustment that may ignore the original requirements, from a given moment in the history of producing and receiving that text in the Romanian language and culture; thus, the correctness of the text is controlled by the norm of the language and by the appearance of its semantic accuracy.In the last sequence of Phil, 3. 8, the history of rendering the element of comparison in the Romanian language constitutes a very good case of primacy of the norm of the language over the originary content (in relation to the direct source text)—recoverable, but exclusively by metalinguistic means.

Dissertation Abstract

Dissertation Abstract

Dissertation Abstract

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine Erörterung des Ausdruckes zu fluchen bewegt (in dem Zusammenhang [Ich...] habe ſie erzrnet und zu fluchen bewegt) aus dem Teil über die Beichte in den baltischen (altpreußischen, altlitauischen, altlettischen) Fassungen des „Kleinen Katechismus“ von Martin Luther. Gebrauch und Semantik dieses Ausdruckes werden vergleichend-kontrastiv wie auch hermeneutisch untersucht. Die unterschiedlichen von den Übersetzern in die jeweilige Sprache benutzten Übersetzungsstrategien werden gleichfalls berücksichtigt.Die Arbeit von Abel Will an dieser Stelle wurde wahrscheinlich von verschiedenen Impulsen beeinflusst unter denen auch Klangähnlichkeit und Ikonismus. Sein Übersetzungsverfahren konnte sowohl von der phonetischen (Assonanz) als auch von der semantischen Nähe (zwischen der zu übersetzenden Stelle und der Übersetzung selbst). Beispiele aus anderen Sprachen werden vorgestellt und kommentiert. Nach der Meinung des Verfassers in der Wahl von pobanginnons für die Übersetzung von bewegt bzw. bewogen eine bisher nicht beachtete, subtile Art von Interferenz des Deutschen widerspiegelt, und zwar bei der Übersetzung.Als Ergebnis des Übersetzungsverfahrens gelangte Abel Will mit apr. pobanginnons zu einer begünstigten Lehnschöpfung.

The article provides an overview of the key theoretical, methodological and thematic approaches applied in Serbian historical language studies at the beginning of the 21st century. This is a time in which alongside the philological and (or) structural linguistic research orientation, there are also explanatory studies conducted within the framework of cognitive linguistics and linguistic typology. While philological and structural linguistic descriptions may ask what happened in a language, explanatory (cognitive and typological) studies seek to ask why and how something happened. Explanatory historical linguistic studies, therefore, set out to explain the causes and mechanisms of language changes. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 178001: Istorija srpskog jezika]

The argument presented throughout this essay is that philology is textual curatorship. “To curate” means “to administer someone else’s assets”; to edit a text is an activity according to which the textual critic administers someone else’s text, which is that author’s asset; therefore, the textual critic is a textual curator. There are two difficulties which this assertion raises, which can be formulated as follows: how can an incorporeal asset be administered? How can one administer texts whose characteristics are similar to those which make up Fernando Pessoa’s work? These texts are incomplete because they were left unfinished, not because portions of them have been lost. When this occurs, it is necessary to understand that besides being a textual curator, the textual critic becomes a sui generis co-author as well, as the critic assumes the responsibility of making decisions which are typically made by authors of literary works.

Untzuko (Txulapain) parrokian edo inguruan orain gutxi agertu den euskal eskuizkribu zahar baten edizio eta azterketa dakargu lan honetan. Testuaren deskribapena egin dugu eta izkribua itzulpen-moldaketa dela kontuan harturik, jorratzen duen gaiaz eta testua euskaraz egotearen arrazoiez azalpen zenbait eman ditugu. Idazkiaren estilo txukuna gogoan, egile anonimoaren ezagupenen eta eraginen gaineko ondorioak atera ditugu. Horrezaz gain, testua ikuspegi filologiko eta dialektologikotik aztertuta, dagokion garaian eta hizkeran kokatzen saiatu gara. Eskuizkribuaren transkripzioa, grafia eta puntuazioa gaurkotua duen bertsioa eta jatorrizkoaren faksimilea ere eman ditugu hemen.