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【Objective】Rice lodging resistance is an important trait in current rice breeding. The systematic evaluation of lodging resistance of germplasm resources is of great significance for breeding lodging-resistant varieties.【Method】200 germplasm resources in China were taken as materials, 9 traits related to lodging resistance of rice were systematically investigated, and the breeding value of these traits was evaluated by morphological clustering and path analysis.【Result】According to the lodging index, the tested materials were divided into three types: high fall-resistant type, fall-resistant type and lodging type, among which 81.5% of breeding resources had good fall-resistant ability. The correlation coefficient between stalk physical traits and lodging index of different lodging resistant germplasm resources was significantly different. The plant height, bending moment and second pitch length of restorer were positively correlated with lodging index, and the correlation coefficient between bending moment and lodging index d lodging index reached 0.789. The folding resistance of base and sheath leaf thickness were negatively correlated with lodging index, and the correlation coefficients were-0.754** and-0.659**, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between plant height and basal segment length and lodging index, and the correlation coefficient between plant height and lodging index was 0.681**. The correlation coefficient between buckling resistance and lodging index was-0.841**.The path analysis results showed that the bending moment of the restorer line and other materials had a direct positive effect on the lodging index (Py=0.519), the plant height of the sterile line had a direct positive effect on the lodging index (Py=0.737), and the base bending force of both parents had a direct negative effect on the lodging index, with direct path coefficients of-0.331 and-0.702, respectively.【Conclusion】The lodging resistance of rice is a complex trait, and different germplasm resources have different lodging resistance characteristics. Scientific utilization of breeding resources is the key to rice lodging resistance breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out to investigate the relationship between specific quantitative characters and sugarcane yield at the Sugarcane Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar, in February 2022. Thirty sugarcane seedlings obtained from three different crosses along with check were subjected to estimation trait association by correlation and path analyses. Cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant correlation with single cane weight, number of millable canes per clump and brix percent at 12th month. There was also positive significant correlation of number of shoots per clump with cane yield. Path analysis revealed the highest positive direct effect of brix percent at 12th month on cane yield followed by brix percent at 10th month and cane diameter. However, number of shoots per clump had considerable negative direct effects and indirect positive effects through single cane weight and number of millable canes per clump on cane yield. The traits that provide considerable positive correlation and positive direct effects to cane yield could be used as selection indices for yield improvement in for further clonal generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Character association and genetic diversity analyses were performed in the present study for the morphological and yield traits of Nerium oleander L. accessions to find out the major contributing traits towards flower yield. A panel of 20 diverse nerium accessions were evaluated at the Floriculture Research Station, Thovalai, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu during 2018 to 2022. Correlation analysis revealed that number of flowers per spikes had highly significant and positive correlation with flower yield. From the path analysis, the number of flowers per spike, days for bud initiation, flower weight, plant height and number of shoots/plants were identified to have high positive direct effect on flower yield. Clustering of nerium germplasm, revealed two distinct groups. Cluster I, comprising NI-1 to NI-19, suggested shared genetic traits among them, while Cluster II, represented by NI-20, showcases unique attributes. High intercluster distance between Cluster I and Cluster II suggested that the genotypes in these clusters had a significant degree of genetic diversity between them and that crossings between the genotypes in the cluster I with NI-20 would produce desirable transgressive segregants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Knowledge about the relationship between yield and the yield contributing characters can help breeders to effectively select for the characters that can efficiently increase yield. The present investigation studies correlation and path coefficient analysis in soybean. Methods: 30 genotypes of soybean were obtained from Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Kasbe Digraj, Sangli and sown in a randomised block design with three replications. Eleven characters were observed viz., days to 50% flowering, nodulation count per plant at 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, branches per plant, pods per plant, 100 seed weight, pod blight incidence, seed yield per plant, protein and oil content. Result: The correlation analysis revealed that seed yield per plant showed highly significant positive correlation with pods per plant (0.8471), followed by 100 seed weight (0.4087) and branches per plant (0.2836). The characters protein content (-0.1600) and days to maturity (-0.1566) showed negative and non-significant association with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis showed that the characters pods per plant (0.8612), 100 seed weight (0.2476) and days to 50% flowering (0.2333) had high to moderate positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. Days to maturity (-0.0758) had negative direct effect on seed yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pearl millet is one of the major food crops, particularly grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This study aimed to determine correlation and path analysis for morpho-phenological and yield contributing traits along with grain micronutrients (Fe and Zn) in 184 advanced breeding lines and four checks viz., ICMV-221 (NC), ICTP-8203 (NC), VPMV-9 (LC) and Dhanashakti (NC), were assessed using Augmented Block Design during kharif 2021–22 at two locations viz., Regional Agricultural Research Station, Vijayapur and Agricultural Research Station, Mudhol. Analysis of Variance indicated the existence of sufficient variation in the material studied. The traits like 1000 grain weight, dry fodder yield, plant height, panicle girth and panicle length had significant and positive phenotypic correlation with grain yield. There was a highly significant and high positive correlation between the Fe and Zn content. These results would imply that simultaneous selection for high levels of both Fe and Zn content is possible. The path analysis indicated that the traits viz., 1000 grain weight, dry fodder yield, panicle girth and plant height had high and positive direct effects on grain yield. This indicates that grain yield can be improved through direct selection by these characters. Strong association of these traits revealed that the selection based on these traits would ultimately improve the yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concerned study aimed to determine the correlation and direct and indirect effects to estimate the interaction between production parameters and the zinc content of plant tissues of early maturing rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. The study comprised the application of zinc at various crop phases, namely, without zinc (Zn0), zinc at the vegetative phase (Zn1), the vegetative and generative phases (Zn2), and the generative phase (Zn3) to three early maturing rice cultivars, Inpari 19, Inpari Cakrabuana, and Inpari Sidenuk. Data analysis used correlation and path analyses. The results revealed that rice grain yield positively correlated with most production parameters. The zinc analysis also showed a positive correlation between zinc content and rice plant tissues. The path analysis indicated that the clumping grain weight had a significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive direct effect (0.75). Meanwhile, panicle density had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) positive direct effect (0.51) on rice grain production per hectare. Path analysis of zinc content in tissues signified that zinc content in leaves had a very significant (P ≤ 0.01) positive direct effect (0.71), In contrast, zinc content in stems had an indirect positive influence (0.33) on zinc content in grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the utility of genotypes in the breeding program in mid-hill environments of the north-western Himalayas of India, apple cultivars were studied during 2019 and 2020 to discover inter-relationships of variables as well as to study genetic variation across yield attribution traits. For fruit set, fruit drop and fruit volume, high heritability and moderate genetic gain was observed. Substantial correlation between fruit yield per plant and pruning weight, tree volume, tree spread and TSS was observed. However, the increments in tree height and trunk girth were strongly and adversely linked with fruit yield per plant. Thus the traits tree spread, tree volume and flowering length may be used as selection indicators for increased production with high-quality apple cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study involved assessment of genetic variability and trait association of seed yield and its component traits in 20 EMS-derived stable mutant lines of black aromatic rice. The traits grain yield / plant, harvest index, effective tillers and biological yield/ plant recorded maximum GCV and PCV. Heritability estimates ranged from 67 percent for total number of tillers/ plant to 99 percent for days to 50 percent flowering. The trait grain yield per plant revealed high heritability (>80%) coupled with high advance in genetics (>50%). The traits fertile spikelets per panicle, effective tillers/ plant, biological yield, panicle length, and plant height were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield. The path analysis revealed maximum positive direct effects of fertile spikelets per panicle, harvest index, biological yield, grain length and effective tillers on grain yield indicating the selection of these traits for efficient crop improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems: This study was conducted to examine the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mental health status of adolescents exposed to the worst disaster of the century. Methods: This study was descriptive, cross‐sectional, and correlational. This research was conducted between March 31 and July 1, 2023. The study was conducted with earthquake survivors who migrated from Kahramanmaraş, the epicenter of the earthquake, and Adıyaman and Hatay, the other two cities where it was most effective, to Şanlıurfa. The study was conducted with a total of 947 adolescents. "Personal Information Form," "Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index," and "Symptom Distress Check List‐ (SCL‐90)" were used to collect data. Linear regression method was used in the analysis of the research. Path analysis was performed using PATH analysis. Findings: The mean age of the adolescents participating in the study was 16.69 ± 1.41 years. It was found that the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the adolescents was at the pathological level with a mean of 2.36 ± 0.68. Posttraumatic stress reactions of the adolescents who experienced the earthquake was found to explain 97.2% of their mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, anger‐hostility, obsession‐compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotic symptoms, other problems, and GSI) (p < 0.001). It was found that the age of the adolescents, total number of losses in the earthquake, the time they stayed under the rubble, the time they waited for siblings to be pulled from under the rubble and the state of having loss due to the earthquake explained 74.4% of the posttraumatic stress reactions (p < 0.001). Conclusions: As a conclusion, it was found that the adolescents who experienced the earthquake experienced severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. It was also found that adolescents who experienced high levels of trauma symptoms showed pathological mental symptoms. After the earthquake, adolescents should be evaluated periodically in terms of posttraumatic stress symptoms. In the evaluations to be made, it is important to determine how adolescents are affected especially mentally. In this context, interventions should be implemented for the identified mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, etc.). Highlights: The first strength of the study was that the adolescents who experienced the earthquake had severe trauma symptoms.The second strength of the study was that the general mental symptom level mean scores of the adolescents who experienced the earthquake were at the pathological level.The third strength of the study is that the posttraumatic stress reactions of the adolescents who experienced the earthquake were related to the psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, anger‐hostility, obsessive–compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid thoughts, psychotic symptoms, other problems, and general mental symptom levels) revealed that it explained 97.2%.It was seen that the most important predictor of the psychological symptoms of the adolescents who experienced the earthquake was the trauma symptoms.The fourth strongest aspect of the study is the age of the adolescents who experienced the earthquake, the total number of losses they experienced in the earthquake, the number of losses they experienced in the nuclear family, the hours they were buried under the rubble, the time they waited for their father to come out under the rubble, the time they waited for their mother to come out under the rubble, It was determined that the duration of waiting time, injury status and loss due to earthquake explained 74.4% of posttraumatic stress response states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Correlation and Path Analysis in Indian Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea (L.)) Germplasm" explores the correlation and path analysis among grain yield and its attributing characters in Indian barnyard millet. The study found that grain yield per plant had positive significant correlations with traits such as basal tillers, 1000 seed weight, panicle weight per plant, and peduncle length at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. These traits are predominantly controlled by additive gene action, suggesting that selection for these traits can lead to improved grain yield. The article provides valuable insights for researchers interested in improving the grain yield of barnyard millet. The given text appears to be a table showing the phenotypic and genotypic path coefficients for various traits in barnyard millet germplasm accession. The table includes coefficients for traits such as days to 50% flowering, basal tillers, days to maturity, peduncle length, flag leaf blade length, flag leaf blade width, plant height, panicle length, 1000 seed weight, panicle weight, harvest index, lower raceme length, grain yield per plant, phosphorus content, calcium content, iron content, zinc content, and protein percentage. The coefficients indicate the strength and direction of the relationship between these traits. This document presents a correlation matrix and path analysis for various traits studied in barnyard millet germplasm. The matrix shows [Extracted from the article]

The article "Unraveling Diversity and Character Association in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) using Different Agro-Morphological Traits" examines the genetic diversity and character associations of twenty sesame genotypes. The study identifies two distinct clusters among the genotypes and finds positive associations between seed yield per plant and other traits such as capsules per plant, biological yield per plant, and harvest index. Negative associations are observed with days to flowering and maturity. The findings can be useful for selecting parent plants for hybrid breeding and improving sesame seed yield. The article "Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function" discusses the concept of hierarchical grouping and its application in optimizing an objective function. The author provides a mathematical approach to hierarchical clustering and highlights its potential benefits in various fields. This research is valuable for those interested in statistical analysis and data clustering techniques. [Extracted from the article]

Sixty different varieties of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) were evaluated for character association. The findings showed that the genotypic correlation was higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficient for most traits. Strong positive correlation was observed between the number of fruits per plant, branches per plant, and fruit yield per plant. Positive correlation was observed between moisture content and fruit characteristics, such as fruit volume and average fruit weight. The path coefficient analysis revealed that high positive direct effect on fruit yield was exerted by fruits per plant, followed by moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is high value crop, also called as protective food due to its high nutritional and biochemical compounds. Correlation and path analysis was carried out for 147 tomato recombinant inbred line population. Correlation studies suggested that the association of fruit yield per plant was positive and significant with plant height (0.595), branches per plant (0.657), fruits per cluster (0.500), clusters per plant (0.717), average fruit weight (0.244) and fruits per plant (0.891). Path analysis revealed that among eleven characters studied only two characters viz., average fruit weight (0.415) and fruits per plant (0.817) showed very high positive and direct effect on yield per plant. This study helps to understand the mutual relationship among various traits thereby assist in selecting the character contributing to the yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is a self pollinated crop, belonging to family fabaceae and sub family papilionaceae. It is an important multipurpose grain legume extensively cultivated in arid and semi arid regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Central and South America. The assessment of variability present in any crop species is an essential pre requisite for formulating an effective breeding programme, as the existing variability can be used to enhance the yield level of cultivars after following appropriate breeding strategies. Methods: The present investigation was carried out during the Kharif season of the year 2019. The field experiment was carried out at Pulses Research Station, NAU, Navsari in randomized block design. The study was undertaken on fifty three genotypes of cowpea to know the variability present among genotypes for thirteen traits and correlation and path analysis of yield components. Result: Analysis of variance indicated significant genotypic differences for all the characters under study. The highest GCV was recorded for plant height, pods per plant, pods per cluster, seed yield per plant, straw yield per plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited by days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant weight, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight, pod length, pods per cluster and seeds per pod indicating the presence of additive gene action. Seed yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly correlated with pods per plant, pods per cluster, pod length, days to 50 per cent flowering and straw yield per plant or seed yield per plant. The present study has indicated the need for giving due weightage to pods per plant, pods per cluster, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, pod length with straw yield per plant for improving seed yield in cowpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blackgram despite of being a highly nutritious and short duration legume crop, it is not cultivated on large scales due to many constraints. Considering this, the research was aimed to develop blackgram genotypes with wider adaptability, genetic variability and high yielding potential by studying nature and magnitude of association among yield and related traits for effective production. Methods: The present investigation was carried out at Experimental Farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur (H.P.) to assess the character association and direct and indirect effects among yield and related traits in 14 crosses and ten parents for 11 quantitative characters during Kharif 2018 and 2019 in randomized complete block design with three replications. Result: Correlation studies highlighted that seed yield per plant had significant and positive association with pods per plant, biological yield per plant, pod length, plant height and 100 seed-weight at genotypic and phenotypic levels in both generations. Study of path analysis revealed that biological yield per plant and pods per plant exhibited maximum positive direct and indirect effects to the total association between yield and other component traits in both the generations. These traits could be suggested as best selection indices on priority basis which would be commendable to improve the performance of genotypes during breeding programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back ground: Pulses are an important source of protein in the human diet and black gram is a popular pulse crop in India. The black gram breeding program faces various drawbacks due to narrow genetic diversity accompanied by biotic and abiotic diseases which seriously affect the yield potential of the crop. Hence it is important to understand the gene action and to frame the efficient breeding program in black gram for yield improvement. Methods: The present experiment was conducted during 2018-2019. Sixty-nine F2 plants of the cross ADT3 ? KKB14-052 were raised and nine biometrical traits were recorded. Genetic variability and association analysis were carried out. Result: High PCV and GCV were obtained for the traits viz., number of primary branches/plant, number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant and single plant yield. High heritability and high GAM were obtained for the traits viz., plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant, hundred seed weight, pod length and single plant yield. All the characters under the study were significantly positive correlation with yield except days to 50% flowering. Number of pods/plant showed a high positive, direct effect on single plant yield. Hence, these characters would be mainly focused in black gram breeding programs for yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted during kharif season ( June–October) of 2016 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Agriculture College, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Jagtial, Telangana, India. Forty (40) maintainer lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were grown in randomized block design replicated twice to find the relationships between the yield and its components, as well as their direct and indirect effects on the rice grain yield. Observations were recorded for yield, yield attributing characters and quality traits on five randomly selected competitive plants for each entry in each replication for 15 characters. The results revealed that the analysis of variance was significant for all the characters investigated. Grain yield was significantly correlated with its component characters like number of tillers plant-1 (0.9191**), panicle length (0.3339**), milling percentage (0.3214**) and hulling percentage (0.2873**) whereas it showed a negligible positive correlation with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, kernel length, kernel breadth, L/B ratio, test weight, hulling percentage, and head rice recovery percentage. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of tillers plant-1 (0.9439) exerted maximum positive direct effect on plant yield followed by kernel breadth, L/B ratio, panicle length, milling percentage, days to flowering and head rice recovery percentage indicated their importance in determining the complex character and therefore should be kept in mind while practicing selection aimed at improving the grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After neonatal cardiac surgery, families, and the health care team strive for exclusive oral feedings before hospital discharge. With the hypothesis that exclusive oral feedings would reduce the length of stay (LOS), a multidimensional path analysis was used to examine a cross-section of 280 neonates from 2009 to 2013. Buttigieg, Abela, and Pace's theoretical framework of structural and process-related determinants of LOS was modeled with hypothesis-driven correlation and directionality. The recursive path model had a good global and local fit with outcome variances of 26% for exclusive oral feeding and LOS. In the full cohort and model groups (single and biventricular), when controlling for covariances: sepsis, birth distance, necrotizing enterocolitis, genetic differences, specialty consults, the age at which neonatal cardiac surgery occurred (β =.23, p ≤.001) and the duration of postoperative intubation (β =.47, p ≤.001) more significantly influenced the LOS than intermediate mediation of exclusive oral feedings at discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College, Aswaraopet, Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana, India during July to December 2021 by using thirty elite rice genotypes comprising of different durations i.e. short, medium and long to study the nature of relationship between grain yield and morpho-physiological traits by partitioning the correlation co-efficients between grain yield and morpho-physiological traits into direct and indirect effects. Observations were recorded on seven yield, six physiological and three root characters. The correlation studies revealed that, grain yield plant-1 had shown a significant positive association with yield contributing traits like 1000 grain weight, spikelet fertility, specific leaf area and root biomass, indicating the importance of these traits in yield improvement. Among all other yield attributing characters, spikelet fertility showed the highest significant positive correlation with yield whereas days to 50% flowering and number of productive tillers plant-1 exhibited non-significant positive association with grain yield plant-1. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the highest positive direct effect on grain yield was exhibited by spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight. A high magnitude of negative direct effects on yield was shown by field emergence at 14 DAS. Thus, from the studies on correlation and path analysis, it could be concluded that the traits viz., spikelet fertility, 1000 grain weight, specific leaf area and root biomass could be used as selection parameters for improving grain yield under dry DSR system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with long-lasting and pervasive impacts on survivors' sexual health, particularly on their sexual satisfaction. Dispositional mindfulness has been found to be associated with greater sexual satisfaction among adult CSA survivors. However, the mechanisms involved in this association remain understudied. The present study examined the role of sexual self-concept (i.e., sexual esteem, sexual preoccupation, and sexual depression) in the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and sexual satisfaction among CSA survivors. A total of 176 adult CSA survivors (60.6% women, 39.4% men) completed an online survey assessing dispositional mindfulness, sexual self-concept, and sexual satisfaction. Path analyses revealed that dispositional mindfulness was positively related to sexual satisfaction through a significant indirect effect of higher sexual esteem and lower sexual depression. The integrative model explained 66.5% of the variance in sexual satisfaction. These findings highlight the key roles that dispositional mindfulness and sexual self-concept play in CSA survivors' sexual satisfaction. Implications for interventions based on trauma-sensitive mindfulness targeting the sexual self-concept are discussed, as they may promote sexual satisfaction in adult CSA survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Expression of complex traits like yield is the result of interaction of several yield contributing features. In the current research, association analysis and path analysis were conducted in an experiment involving 65 peanut genotypes to determine association of kernel yield and its component traits. Plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, number of mature pods per plant, number of immature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, 100 seed weight and protein content recorded positive significant correlation with kernel yield per plant. The results of PCA and Ward dendrogram pattern jointly inferred that plant height, number of mature pods per plant, number of immature pods per plant, pod yield per plant, 100 seed weight, oleic acid content and oleic linoleic acid ratio were found to be closely associated with kernel yield per plant. Further, results of path analysis suggested that number of mature pods per plant, 100 seed weight, number of secondary branches per plant and sound mature kernel per cent were leading in determining the kernel yield of peanut through direct positive effects and indirect positive effects via different yield attributing traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and anxiety are among the most common morbidities during the perinatal period. Very few studies have been conducted to examine the association between paternal childcare involvement and postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety (PPA) in East Asian cultures. This study aims to examine the association between fathers' involvement in childcare and mothers' mental health and explores the potential mediating effects of the mother and child's health among a national sample of Chinese women. This is a cross-sectional, self-administered online survey of maternal women (N = 778) within 1 year after childbirth in China. The questionnaire comprised of sociodemographics, fathers' childcare involvement, child and mother's physical health, and mothers' postpartum mental health status. A path analysis model was constructed to examine the correlation between paternal childcare involvement and maternal depression and anxiety within 1-year postpartum. The mediating effect of the mother and child's physical health was also explored in the model. Paternal involvement in childcare was significantly associated with lower PPD (β = −.36, p < 0.001) and PPA (β = −.29, p < 0.001) levels of mothers after covariates were adjusted. Furthermore, women's physical health partially mediated the association between paternal involvement and PPD, and child's health partially mediated the association between paternal involvement and PPA and PPD. Our findings emphasize the essential role of father's childcare involvement and the need to promote culturally tailored intervention programs, which may improve the mental health status among Chinese postpartum mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven coastal geographical populations of wild Cyclina sinensis in China were collected in February 2020, and the effects of four morphological traits (shell length; shell height; shell width; external ligament length) on one weight trait (living body weight) were studied by correlation analysis, path analysis, determination coefficient analysis, and regression analyses. The statistical results showed that the coefficient of body weight variation was generally greater than morphological traits(P"0.05). The correlation analysis results showed that the coefficient of correlation between morphological traits (except for external ligament length) and body weight are significantly positive (P"0.05) in all populations. Based on the results of path analysis and determination coefficient analysis, shell length has the greatest direct effect on body weight in the Yancheng population; shell height has the greatest direct effect on body weight in Dandong, Fuzhou and Tangshan populations; shell width has the greatest direct effect on body weight in Zhanjiang, Wenzhou, Dongtai, Ningbo, Tianjin, Dongying, and Wanning populations. Multiple regression equations were obtained with body weight as the dependent variable, shell length, height, and width and external ligament length as independent variables. The results of systematic clustering showed that there are no apparent geographical differentiation characteristics among eleven geographical populations in morphology. This study provided a scientific basis for selective and genetic breeding and can guide the development and utilization of wild C. sinensis seed resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to find out correlation and path analysis for 10 yield and yield attributing traits using 159 diverse pea genotypes. Correlation studies revealed that the days to 50% flowering, node at which 1st pod appears, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, pod length, pod weight and days to 1st picking had significant and positive correlation with total yield/plant while, plant height and shelling percentage were negatively correlated with total yield/plant. The inter-correlation was observed between days to 50% flowering, days to 1stpicking and node at which 1stpod appears; shelling percentage with number of seeds/pod and pod length; plant height with number of pods/plant and days to 1st picking. It is concluded that there is positive and intercorrelation of total yield/plant with the number of pods/plant, pod length, number of seeds/pod, days to 50% flowering, days to 1stpicking. The positive association suggested that selection should be oriented towards more number of pods per plant, pod length, more number of seeds per pod which would consequently leads to higher pod yield per plant. The Path analysis studies revealed that the number of pods per plant exhibit highest positive effect on yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To develop and test a predictive model of self‐management based on the theory of the information–motivation–behavioural skills model and previous literature on self‐management for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design: A descriptive, correlational, cross‐sectional design was used. Methods: A convenience sample recruited 248 patients with COPD from the pulmonary medicine clinic in South Korea between July 2020 and June 2021. We used self‐administrated, structured questionnaires for dyspnoea, health status, knowledge, attitude, social support, self‐efficacy and self‐management. Data were analysed using path analysis to test a self‐management model for patients with COPD. Results: Gender, COPD self‐management knowledge, social support and COPD self‐efficacy had a direct effect on COPD self‐management. Dyspnoea, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage, health status, COPD self‐management attitude and social support had an indirect effect on self‐management in patients with COPD. These variables explained 43.2% of the total variance for self‐management in patients with COPD. Conclusions: When assessing self‐management of COPD; demographic and clinical factors, knowledge, attitudes, social support and self‐efficacy included in the information–motivation–behavioural skills model should be considered together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP), India during the year 2018 (May-October) to screen twenty-one (21) genotypes of chilli for thirteen characters including yield and total capsaicin content. The evaluation was done in a randomized block design with three replications. Sufficient genetic variability was found for all characters. Correlation analysis revealed a positive significant correlation of fresh ripe yield plant-1 with the number of red fruits plant-1 (0.842*), days to fresh ripe maturity (0.394*), dry yield as percentage of fresh ripe (0.386*), days to 50 % flowering (0.384*), plant height (0.374*) and days to green fruit maturity (0.352*). The number of red fruits plant-1 (0.440*) had a positive significant correlation with total capsaicin content. Path analysis revealed a positive direct effect of number of red fruits plant-1 (0.698) on fresh ripe yield followed by days to green fruit maturity (0.372), number of seeds fruit-1 (0.218), average red fruit weight (0.168), dry yield as percentage of fresh ripe (0.111), plant height (0.111) and red fruit length (0.007) whereas total capsaicin content in dry chilli had the positive direct correlation with days to 50% flowering, days to fresh ripe maturity, number of fruits plant-1 and 1000 seed weight. Finally, it was revealed that the selection of genotypes bearing many small-thick fruits would be the most suitable criterion for selecting a population having high capsaicin content and fruit yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the relationships between the biometric characters of tomato seedlings with the production characters obtained at the end of the crop cycle, to determine how the quality of seedlings interferes with tomato productivity. An experiment was carried out in two growing seasons, in a completely randomized design, with four replications and the experimental unit consisting of five plants. The treatments consisted of seedlings with different ages, differentiated by the days after sowing (DAS): (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 DAS). After each evaluation of the seedlings, they were transplanted to the definitive production site, being evaluated until the end of the cycle. Biometric characters of seedlings and characters of fruit production were evaluated. Pearson correlation analysis and principal components (PCA) were performed to determine the relationships between the characters, path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects, and analysis of canonical correlations between the groups of characters. In all analyses performed, weak correlation between the biometric characters of the seedlings (which evaluate the quality) with the characters of tomato fruit production in substrate cultivation was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study had been carried out at vegetable research field, Department of Landscape Design, Agriculture and Forestry College, Mosul University, through the fall growing months of 2019/2020, to investigate genetic architecture in seven genotypes of the radish under conditions of Neneveh governorate, North of Iraq. Results indicated that the total roots yield had phenotypic and genetics positively correlated with each of the root diameter, total chlorophyll content and root weight. Root weight characteristics had positively correlated with phenotypic and genetically significant both with the root diameter characteristic and the total chlorophyll content and amounted to the phenotypic correlation. The length of the fruit (siliqua) has been positively associated, genetically and phenotypically, with the characteristic of the number of seeds for every one of the fruits, which reached (r = 0.464) and (r = 0.459), respectively, but it was positively correlated with the rest of the traits under study. The study had shown that there was a positive genetically significant and phenotypic correlation for characteristic of siliqua diameter with total seed yield per unit area, and siliqua weight, the number of seeds in every fruit (i.e., siliqua). And a negative correlation with the characteristic of the fruits number in every one of plants. In addition to that, results have indicated that there was positive direct effect significantly between plant height, length, diameter and root weight had a direct positive impact upon the total yield of radish, which amounted to 0.2581, 0.283, 0.0486 and 1.391, respectively, and positive direct effect significantly between total seed yield /donum and siliqua diameter, number of fruits (siliquas) in every one of plants and seeds weight for each plant (0.3636, 0.3950 and 0.8266), respectively and negative indirect effect significantly with fruit length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seedling production is an important step in growing vegetables. The study of relationships between variables has applications in practically all areas of study and is useful in identifying relationships among quality variables in vegetable seedlings. Thus, this work aims to estimate linear relationships between biometric variables in lettuce seedlings. The seedlings were grown in expanded polystyrene trays (n = 4) with 128 and 200 cells each. Leaf area, stem diameter, shoot height, length, area, volume of the root, dry and fresh shoot mass variables were measured and evaluated with Pearson's correlation analysis, multicollinearity diagnosis, condition number and the variance inflation factor, path analysis and canonical correlations. The results show linear relationships between the variables. For the 128 cell trays, there was a relationship between the total fresh mass and fresh shoot mass variables and between the total fresh mass and dry shoot mass variables. For the 200-cell trays, significant correlation was observed between the characters total fresh mass and fresh shoot mass variables and between root area and root volume variables, indicating that the greater the total fresh mass, the greater the fresh shoot mass and the greater the root area, the greater the root volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field trials were conducted during 2008, 2009 and 2010 seasons at the Institute for Agricultural Research (I.A.R) Farm Samaru to determine the relationship between growth and yield components related traits in physic nut that could be used as a basis for selection programme aimed at improving yield. The treatments consisted of two propagation methods (seeds and stem cuttings), four weed control treatments (Fusilade plus Diuron at 1.0 + 0.8kg a.i ha-1, applied at 4 and 12 weeks after transplanting (WAT), followed by supplementary hoe-weeding at 16 weeks; Atrazine plus Diuron at 1.0 + 0.8kg a.i ha- 1,, applied at 4 and 12 WAT, followed by supplementary hoe-weeding at 16 weeks; hoe weeded at 4,8,12 and 16 WAT and a weedy check) and three levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100kg ha-1). The treatments were laid out in a split-plot design and replicated three times. Nitrogen levels and weed control treatments were assigned to main plots, while the propagation methods were assigned to the sub plots. Data were taken on growth and yield components and simple correlation and path coefficient analysis were deployed to study the relationship among the growth and yield components to seed yield. Results indicated that the relationship between yield of physic nut was positively and highly significantly correlated to growth and yield components such as stem girth, plant height, canopy spread, number of leaves, leaf area index, crop vigour score, number of primary branches, weight capsule-1, capsule weight plant-1, 100 seed weight, number of capsule plant-1, shelling percentage, number of seeds capsule-1, seed weight capsule-1 and seed weight plant-1 . However, weed cover score and weed dry weight were negatively and highly significantly correlated with yield of physic nut. The positive association of growth and yield components with these characters indicates that selection based on these characters could improve yield. From the study, it can be concluded that parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, 100 seed weight and number of seeds per capsule are major contributors to Jatropha seed yield and therefore, can be suggested for breeding programme for seed yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of self‐efficacy and automatic thoughts on depression as mediated by anxiety in nursing students. Methods: This was a descriptive study to identify direct and indirect variables that affect depression levels of nursing students and to examine the relationship between independent variables. A total of 477 students from the Nursing Department participated in the study. Findings: As a result of the data analysis, the direct effect of self‐efficacy and automatic thoughts on depression was found to be significant. The effect of automatic thoughts on depression as mediated by anxiety was significant. Practical Implications: It is thought that understanding the relationship between these variables will be useful in designing appropriate interventions for university students with depression, especially for nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caring for moderate to severe traumatic brain injury survivors with physical disability and cognitive dysfunction is challenging for caregivers, and it can lead to depression. Understanding the factors influencing depressive symptoms is necessary to develop specific interventions to reduce depression among caregivers. This cross-sectional correlational study examined the causal relationships among behavioral problems, role strain, preparedness, family hardiness, and depressive symptoms among caregivers of survivors with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Two hundred caregivers from three university hospitals in Thailand were recruited. Questionnaires used for collecting data were the Revised Memory and Behavioral Problems Checklist; the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale; the Family Hardiness Index; the Caregiver Role Strain Scale; and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Descriptive statistics and path analysis were used to analyze data. The results revealed that the hypothesized model fitted the empirical data and explained 17.2% of the variance of depressive symptoms. Preparedness had an indirect effect on depressive symptoms through decreased role strain and increased family hardiness. Behavioral problems had a significant direct effect on depressive symptoms. These results can help nurses work to develop effective nursing interventions to prepare the caregivers and decrease behavioral problems by using a combination of providing health education, counseling, and skill building. This will increase capability of caregivers to provide quality home-based care and to manage health behavioral problems for survivors of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two crosses in F3 generation were studied for their variability, correlation and path analysis. The cross VRI 8 × K6 had better mean performance in all traits with very good pod and kernel yield per plant with mean of 36.59 g and 22.56 g, respectively compared to that of BSR 2 × K 6 with mean pod and kernel yield per plant of 24.95 g and 15.59 g, respectively. The cross also had high heritability of pod yield (79.45 %) and kernel yield (82.83 %) with low and moderate GAM for pod (8.87 %) and kernel yield (10.19 %), respectively. Though the crosses were in early generations, the PCV and GCV values were low to moderate for both crosses expect for the kernel yield (27.70 % & 26.71 %) in BSR 2 × K 6 and pod yield in both the crosses (23.67 % & 21.24 % in BSR 2 × K 6 and 23.73 % & 21.16 % in VRI 8 × K 6, respectively) with higher PCV, GCV values. In correlation analysis, there was a highly significant positive correlation between kernel yield and number of matured pods, number of pods, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, pod yield and shelling percentage in both the crosses. Highly significant correlation was observed between shelling percentage and days to flowering in VRI 8 × K 6. Similarly, in BSR 2 × K 6, shelling percentage and 100 kernel weight were highly significantly correlated. Path analysis revealed that, there was a high positive direct effect on kernel yield by 100 kernel weight and pod yield in both the crosses. Shelling percentage in VRI 8 × K 6 had a negligible positive direct effect on the yield. Thus, on the basis of correlation and path analysis, 100 kernel weight, number of matured pods, shelling percentage, pod yield per plant were proved to be the outstanding characters influencing kernel yield in groundnut and need to be given importance in selection to achieve higher kernel yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One hundred upland cotton germplasm accessions were evaluated for eight traits to evaluate the per se performance, genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as a per cent of mean, correlation and path analysis. The estimation of variability indicated that the number of monopodia per plant had high GCV and PCV. High heritability along with high GAM was found in plant height, internode length, the number of monopodia per plant, the number of sympodia per plant, the number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield per plant which suggested that additive gene activity had a significant influence in the inheritance of these traits. Correlation analysis showed that the number of sympodia per plant, the number of bolls per plant and boll weight have a significant high positive correlation on the seed cotton yield. Path analysis showed that the number of bolls per plant and boll weight had the highest positive direct effect on seed cotton yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown spot disease in rice is caused by Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Anamorph: Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker, 1959 (Synonyms: Helminthosporium oryzae). It causes significant losses by affecting both economic yield and grain quality. Though, it is a minor disease in most of the parts of the world but the historical famines like Krishna Godaveri Delta famine and Bengal famines and huge crop losses in a number of incidences as in Guyana and Nigeria renders it as a potential threat to rice crop and adverted the requirement of efficient, sustainable and economical strategies to cope with the pathogen. In this context, availability of resistant sources against the pathogen is a noteworthy alternative for disease management. Realising the importance of resistant sources, the present research investigation was undertaken to study association between resistance to brown spot disease and yield attributing traits in rice via correlation studies and path analysis to identify high yielding resistant lines for brown spot disease in rice. In this study disease resistance expressed in terms of AUDPC showed negative correlation with yield and yield attributing traits and direct negative effect on yield. Thus, AUDPC can be utilised as a selection parameter for developing improved cultivars with higher grain yield and lower susceptibility towards the brown spot pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tenera oil palm is widely planted as a commercial plantation crop throughout Southern Thailand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic correlation and the direct and indirect effects among bunch yields and vegetative characteristics in commercial tenera oil palms. Methods: The oil yield, fresh fruit bunch, bunch number, average bunch weight, leaf area, leaf dry weight and rachis length were recorded from six commercial tenera oil palm progenies. The data were recorded between January 2019 and June 2020 at The Chaipattana Foundation's oil palm plantation in Trang Province, Thailand. Result: Results show that fresh fruit bunch, average bunch weight and rachis length positively correlated with oil yield (rp=0.90**, 0.50* and 0.53, respectively), while bunch number and rachis length positively correlated with fresh fruit bunch (rp=0.58* and 0.47*, respectively). The path analysis shows that bunch number significantly correlated with fresh fruit bunch (0.58*) and strongly directly affected it (1.11). The fresh fruit bunch significantly correlated with oil yield, (0.90**) and had a strong direct (2.08) and indirect effect (1.20). These results indicate that bunch number and fresh fruit bunch are useful variables for oil yield improvement in further breeding programs of oil palm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has demonstrated a graded relationship between cumulative childhood adversity and adverse later outcomes. Individuals with out-of-home care (OHC) experience constitute a population characterised by both childhood and educational disadvantages. Based on a fifty-year follow-up of a Stockholm cohort born in 1953, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between cumulative childhood adversity and long-term educational outcomes in this group. The cumulative disadvantage perspective suggests that there would be a negative association, while the disadvantage saturation perspective implies that cumulative adversity would be less consequential for disadvantaged individuals. By means of multigroup path analysis, we furthermore asked whether this association may differ in relation to individuals with child welfare contact (CWC) and to the general population (GP). Adjusting for socioeconomic conditions and cognitive ability, cumulative childhood adversity had a negative influence on midlife educational attainment in the GP. However, it did not seem to influence the educational outcomes of neither OHC experienced individuals nor individuals with other types of CWC. The results of this study thus lend support to the disadvantage saturation perspective. Further studies are needed to explore this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was conducted during the Rabi season of 2019-2020 on 32 genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to evaluate genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path coefficient. The genotypes were studied for 13 different characters of growth and yield attributing characters in Randomized Block Design with three replications for each genotype. All characters recorded higher PCV value over GCV thereby indicating the influence of environmental factors in their expression. High heritability observed in all the characters studied and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance found in the parameters viz. number of pods per plant, average pod weight, 100 seed weight and pod yield per plant. Correlation coefficient analysis showed pod yield had significant and positive correlation with number of pods per plant, pod length, average pod weight and 100 seed weight. Path analysis revealed that maximum positive direct effect w.r.t pod yield per plant was brought about by the parameters viz. 100 seed weight, days taken to marketable maturity, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, average pod weight, pod width and pod length hence, should be given more importance for genetic improvement to bring about an increase in overall production of french bean through enhanced pod yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finger millet is a staple food and fodder crop mainly in African and Indian countries. It is cultivated mostly as rainfed crop. Finger millet is known for drought tolerance, the grain yield has been reported to decrease up to 100 per cent depending on the intensity and duration of stress (during rainy season). Over the last decade, yield improvement has plateaued, hence, trait-specific selection is preferred for crop improvement. Identification of yield-contributing traits and selection of pre-breeding lines for such traits are important for breeding programmes. One of the approaches for trait selection is correlation analysis and partitioning of the correlation coefficients into direct and indirect effects on grain yield. Therefore, to identify traits associated with grain yield and their effects on grain yield, a field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2016 under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions using 181 accessions. Analysis of variance revealed that the phenotypic variations observed for most of the traits were true genotypic expression and there was no block effect under both WW and DS conditions. The results revealed that both the direction and magnitude of correlations and path coefficients differed between WW and DS conditions. Correlation and path analysis revealed that among the physiological traits, leaf width and specific leaf weight were prominent in determining grain yield. Among the agronomic traits, mean ear weight, followed by productive tillers per hill, was the most influential trait for grain yield in finger millet. Hence, selection can be made for mean ear weight, followed by productive tillers, in addition to higher leaf width and specific leaf weight under both WW and DS conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research work was conducted to study the variability parameters, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and quality traits in rice. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for all traits under investigation. Traits viz., filled grain number per panicle and weight of 1000 grains showed high PCV and GCV. Total grain number per panicle, filled grain number per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield per plant, weight of panicle, head rice recovery, length of kernel after cooking, linear elongation ratio, length of kernel and kernel length/breadth ratio exhibited high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean. Days to 50% flowering and weight of 1000 grains had associated significantly positive with grain yield. Filled grain number per panicle, days to 50% flowering, total number of productive tillers per plant, length of kernel after cooking, height of the plant and length of panicle exhibited a high positive direct effect on grain yield per plant per plant. Therefore, these traits should be exploited in the selection process to identify superior rice lines with higher yield and quality genetic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out to explore the extent of divergence, correlation and path analysis in 77 rice genotypes for twelve characters during Rabi, 2021. Ten clusters were formed by Mahalanobis’ D² analysis of which cluster I was the largest with 28 genotypes. Cluster IV and IX were the smallest with one genotype each. The maximum intra-cluster distance was observed between cluster X and the maximum inter-cluster distance was between clusters VIII and X. The days to 50 % flowering contributed to the maximum divergence. Superior mean performance for grain yield per plant was recorded in cluster IX. The grain yield per plant was found to be positively correlated with the days to 50 % flowering, the total number of tillers, the total number of productive tillers, panicle length, leaf width, the total grains per panicle, filled grains per panicle and spikelet fertility. Path analysis results revealed that the total number of productive tillers, leaf width, filled grains per panicle, days to 50% flowering, the total grains per panicle and spikelet fertility had a positive direct effect with grain yield. The selection should be done for these traits for yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted with twenty four genotypes in rabi season of 2020-21 at research and education farm, Department of Agriculture Botany, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. Observations were recorded on fourteen characters viz., days to first flowering, day to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height at maturity (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, pod length (cm), dry matter yield per plant, harvest index (%), seed yield per plant, protein content (%) and iron content (ppm). The correlation study revealed that the characters viz., number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index showed highly significant positive correlation with seed yield per plant at both phenotypic and genotypic level. The path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters viz., pod length, plant height at maturity, hundred seed weight, dry matter yield per plant and harvest index exhibited positive direct effect on seed yield per plant at both phenotypic and genotypic level. On the basis of path analysis and correlation study for seed yield, it is concluded that selection on the basis of number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, dry matter yield per plant and hundred seed weight could help in genetic improvement of grain yield per plant in cowpea under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Setaria italica is an essential crop in the developing world and yield levels are low. To improve the yield, the utilization of diverse germplasm in a breeding program is vital. Methods: The present study aimed to characterize 50 genotypes in the first year and out of 50, 10 genotypes in the second year using multivariant traits. Wide variation was observed in both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant differences for most symptoms. Higher estimates of GCV were followed for grain yields, followed by panicle lengths and organic outcomes. Higher estimates of PCV were observed for plant height and leaf length, followed by leaf width. Low GCV and PCV were recorded as leaf length, 50% flowering in days. PCV study indicated direct selection based on characters, panicle weight, test weight and strawweight showed a high and positive effect on grain yield per plant in both rainy and summer season indicating the proper relationship between these characters with grain yield per plant, which helps indirect selection for these traits thus in improving the grain yield per plant. Variability in foxtail millet germplasm allows plant breeders to effectively select specific donor lines for genetic improvement of foxtail millet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is an important economic fish for aquaculture industry in China and Southeast Asian countries.The relationship between twelve morphological traits of P. argenteus were studied at different growth stages [60-, 90-, 120-, and 360-days post hatching (dph)] by usingcorrelation, path analyses, and multiple linear regression tools. The results showed that coefficient of variation of the body weight and trunk length traits remained stable and at a high level across all age groups (all above 20%), while other traits were the opposite. The body length and tail length traits had great direct effect on the body weight of P. argenteus at the first three growth stages (60, 90, and 120 dph). However, body length and body height traits had great direct effect in 360 dph, and the direct effect coefficient of caudal length was negative, indicating that the trait had a negative effect on body weight. Multiple linear regression analysis between morphological traits and body weight indicated that R2 was greater than 0.84 across all age groups (P < 0.05).The optimal multiple linear regression equations, as determined with stepwise regression, were constructed with morphological traits as independent variables and body weight as dependent variables.These results elucidated the linear relationship between the body weight and various main morphological traits of P. argenteus at different growth stages. In actual production, during mass selection of P. argenteus with body weight as the main objective, the recommended as auxiliary selection traits were the body length, body height, tail length, and caudal length traits. These results can provide a reference basis for the measurement of target traits for the selective breeding of new varieties of P. argenteus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out at the Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during the kharif, 2018. Twelve different quantitative characters related to rhizome yield were recorded and subjected for estimation of analysis of variance. The result revealed significant differences among the genotypes indicating presence of sufficient amount of variability in all the characters studied. Wide range of variation by virtue of exhibiting highly significant genotypic differences for all the twelve traits. The value of phenotypic coefficient of variation was recorded higher and closer to the respective genotypic coefficient of variation for majority of traits under study indicates less influence of environment. The magnitudes of genotypic correlations were higher as compared to the corresponding phenotypic correlations indicating that there was an inherent association between all the characters at genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis showed rhizome width, leaf width, mother rhizomes per plant, leaf length and leaves per plant exhibited positive direct effects on green rhizome yield per plant. Hence, priority should be given to these traits in mango ginger improvement programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 33 sesame genotypes including three checks were grown in Randomized Block Design in three replications for evaluation of yield and yield attributing traits. Data was recorded for different yield attributing traits from all the genotypes viz., days to 50 % flowering, number of productive branches, plant height, height of 1st capsule bearing node, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule length, inter-node length, days to maturity, 1000-grain weight, per cent of oil and yield. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was larger for seed yield, number of productive branch and inter-node length. Genetic advance as per cent of mean for seed yield, numbers of productive branches, height of 1st node from ground and internode length were higher in sesame genotypes. Correlation exhibited significant and high positive for number of productive branches, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and days to maturity with seed yield. Path analysis indicated that the traits such as number of productive branches, number of capsules per plant, days to maturity, number of seeds per capsule had high positive direct effect on seed yield. These traits are to be given due importance in the selection process of sesame breeding programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing depression among older persons is often challenging as they tend to attribute their problems to physical rather than emotional origins. The association between socio-economic factors and depression among 384 older persons was determined through descriptive-correlational design. Path analysis revealed that depression is influenced directly by one's age (r =.108), education status (r =.514), marital status (r =.011), occupation (r =.003), social status (r = −.116), physical stature (r =.099) and economic status (r =.011). Additionally, the type of community where the older persons dwell and gender have a direct influence on occupation (r =.003) and indirectly affecting depression (r =.103). On the other hand, family component has a direct influence on social status (r =.069) but indirectly influences the occurrence of depression (r =.127). Explicitly, these variables render a predictive path on the occurrence or non-occurrence of depression among the respondents. The study suggests that the diagnosis of depression and its prompt interventions can be traced to the socio-economic dimensions of older persons. Implications to research suggest that determining the antecedents to depression of older persons, this provides a projective analysis which can lead to the development of new knowledge in nursing. This will further influence the holistic management in dealing with an older person's depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]