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In-doped ZnO (IZO) nanowires were grown using the chemical vapour deposition method. The IZO nanowires have been characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The PL results demonstrated a larger band-gap for the IZO nanowires in comparison to the undoped ZnO. Two major emission peaks were observed for the IZO nanowires, one originated from the free exciton recombination (ultraviolet emission) and another possibly related to the deep-level emission (visible emission). Furthermore, the nonlinear optical characteristic of the nanowires was studied using picosecond Z-scan technique. The experimental results show that the two and three-photon absorption coefficient of samples were able to be observed. These studies make the promising potential applications of the samples in the development of multifunctional all-optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafast dynamics of the excited state of 2,9,16,23-phenoxy-phthalocyanine (Pc1) and 2,9,16,23-phenoxy-phthalocyanine-zinc (Pc2) has been investigated using femtosecond transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved fluorescence (TRFL) techniques. The observed dynamics of femtosecond TA and TRFL experiments are similar, which demonstrated the intrinsic properties of the excitation and the relaxation processes in both kinds of phthalocyanines with two decay components. A multi level model has been proposed to explain the photophysical processes after Soret-band excitation. The results show that the fast decay component dynamics comes from the intramolecular vibrational relaxation, the slower ones from the internal conversion. The samples are expected to be a potential candidate for optical applications and photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the one/two-photon fluorescence and excited state dynamics properties of two synthesized phenoxy-phthalocyanines (Pc1 and Pc2) using mild reaction coordination method. The results show that the fast decay component in the time-resolved fluorescence technique dynamics comes from the intramolecular vibrational relaxation, the slower ones from the internal conversion. Furthermore, in comparison with one-photon fluorescence spectra, the red shift of two-photon fluorescence spectra can be explained by the reabsorption effect of molecules. The samples are expected to be a potential candidate for optical applications and photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-doped ZnO (IZO) nanowires were prepared using the chemical vapour deposition method. The nonlinear optical characteristic and optical Kerr transmittance of the IZO nanowires were studied by Z-scan and time resolved optical Kerr gate technique, respectively. Two and three-photon absorption coefficient of the samples were experimental obtained. Moreover, with an 800 nm femtosecond excitation, an important Kerr signal originated by an induced birefringence was observed. These studies promise their potential applications in multifunctional all-optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the structural and nonlinear optical behavior of Ag-doped ZnO (AZO) films prepared by magnetron sputtering. The structural of AZO films are systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results show that AZO films can still retain a wurtzite structure, although the c -axis as preferred orientation is decreased by Ag doping. As the amounts of the Ag dopant were increased, the crystallinity as well as the absorptivity and optical band gap were increased. Moreover, the nonlinear optical characterized of the AZO films was studied using Z -scan technique. These samples show self-defocusing nonlinearity and good nonlinear absorption behavior which increases with increasing Ag volume fraction. AZO is a potential nanocomposite material for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]