508 results
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2. INVESTIGACIÓN SALVAJE Y PROSA RITUAL EN LA SOCIEDAD SERIAL: PASAJES ENTRE DERECHO Y LITERATURA.
- Author
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AGUIRRE, Gonzalo S.
- Abstract
Once has been completed the algorithmization that gives rise to the definitive passage of the disciplinary societies to the control societies, we are transiting post-control paths of a serial nature. We would like to see the manifestation of such a transit in the serial production of academic papers, in the context of the loss of expressive force and governance of platforms such as Law and Literature, and the emergence of new expressive government platforms such as Netflix or Spotify. We also try to offer alternatives for writing and government to those of the serial society, starting from the notion of "prose of thought" by Miguel Morey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. INTEGRATION OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE PROCESS OF POWER PLANT
- Author
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V. Kotsarenko, K. Gorbunov, and Yu. Selikhov
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Power station ,business.industry ,paper ,Energy balance ,Thermal power station ,Environmental economics ,Renewable energy ,law.invention ,теплова енергія, органічне паливо, електроенергія, теплове навантаження, забруднення навколишнього середовища, тепловий насос, двоконтурна сонячна установка, тепловий контур, поновлювані джерела ,law ,стаття ,Energy independence ,Environmental science ,Energy supply ,business ,Energy source ,heat energy, fossil fuel, electricity, heat load, environmental pollution, heat pump, double-circuit solar installation, heat circuit, renewable sources ,Heat pump - Abstract
Renewable energy sources (RES) are not limited by geologically accumulated reserves. Their use and consumption will not lead to the inevitable depletion of the Earth's reserves, and they do not pollute the environment. The main motive for the accelerated development of renewable energy in Europe, the United States and many other countries is concern for energy independence and environmental safety. Thus, the EU has adopted a program to achieve the contribution of renewable energy sources to the energy balance by 2020 up to 20%, and by 2040 – up to 40%. Renewable energy is characterized by versatility and diversity. In the list of tasks arising in the implementation of renewable energy (RE) projects (except technological and technical), there are issues of assessing the possibility and efficiency of using RES for energy supply to the regions. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that often the user is interested in comprehensive assessments for various types of energy sources. In specific regions, the most effective can be either the use of hybrid power plants, or the creation of thermal power plants using various types of renewable energy. In connection with the complexity of this problem, as well as the geographic “regionality” of renewable energy, the topic of this article becomes possible and relevant. A heat and power plant is proposed for supplying: electricity, hot water, hot air and heating, in which, together with a wind power generator, a double-circuit solar installation, a heat pump, electricity and heat accumulators are used. This installation allows to reduce the cost of heat energy by reducing material consumption and costs of equipment used, to save fossil fuel; produce electricity and supply the surplus to the state power grid; reduce heat load and environmental pollution., Поновлювані джерела енергії (ПДЕ) не обмежені геологічно накопиченими запасами. Їх використання і споживання не призведе до неминучого вичерпання запасів Землі, і вони не забруднюють навколишнє середовище. Основним мотивом прискореного розвитку відновлюваної енергетики в Європі, США і багатьох інших країнах є турбота про енергетичну незалежність і екологічну безпеку. Так, в странах ЄС прийнято програму досягнення вкладу ПДЕ в енергетичний баланс до 2020 року до 20%, а до 2040 р – до 40%. Відновлювана енергетика характеризується багатогранністю, різноманітністю. У переліку завдань, що виникають при реалізації проектів відновлюваної енергетики (ВЕ) (крім технологічних і технічних), залишаються питання оцінки можливості та ефективності використання ПДЕ для енергозабезпечення регіонів. Одночасно слід враховувати, що найчастіше користувача цікавлять комплексні оцінки з різних видів джерел енергії. У конкретних регіонах найбільш ефективним може стати або використання гібридних енергоустановок, або створення теплоенергетичних установок на різних типах відновлюваної енергії. У зв'язку з комплексністю даної проблеми, а також географічною «регіональністю» відновлюваної енергетики, стає можливим і актуальним тема цієї статті. Пропонується теплоенергетична установка для постачання: електроенергією, гарячою водою, гарячим повітрям і опаленням, в якій спільно з вітроелектрогенератором, двухконтурною сонячною установкою, використовується тепловий насос, акумулятори електроенергії і теплоти. Ця установка дозволяє зменшити собівартість теплової енергії за рахунок зниження матеріаломісткості і витрат на обладнання, економити органічне паливо; виробляти електроенергію і надлишок її віддавати в державну електромережу; зменшити теплове навантаження і забруднення навколишнього середовища.
- Published
- 2021
4. Partial purification of bacterial cellulo-xylanolytic enzymes and their application in deinking of photocopier waste paper
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Jitender Sharma, Nishi Kant Bhardwaj, Sunita Dalal, Puneet Pathak, and Chakarvati Sango
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Paper ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Ultrafiltration ,Cellulase ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ammonium sulfate precipitation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases ,biology ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Deinking ,Pollution ,Enzyme assay ,Folding endurance ,biology.protein ,Xylanase ,engineering ,Ink - Abstract
The potential of alkaline cellulo-xylanolytic enzymes from non-pathogenic Bacillus subtilis strain was tested for deinking of photocopier waste paper. Cellulase and xylanase play a crucial role in deinking of different types of waste paper. Partial purification of cellulo-xylanolytic enzymes was carried out using ultrafiltration followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The ultrafiltered enzyme was used for deinking the photocopier waste paper along with chemical deinking. An enzyme dose of 0.6 IU/g and reaction time of 60 min for ultrafiltered cellulo-xylanolytic enzyme significantly increased deinking efficiency, tear index (9.52%) and folding endurance (5±2%) as compared to chemical deinking. There was improvement in strength properties such as tear index and double-fold along with freeness of pulp (18%). There was slight decrease in tensile index (0.6%) and burst index (16%) while ISO brightness remained unaffected. Enzymatic deinking (74.3%) by ultrafiltered cellulo-xylanolytic from Bacillus subtilis was found significant over conventional chemical deinking.
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- 2021
5. IMPROVEMENTS OF 111IN SPECT IMAGES RECONSTRUCTED WITH SPARSELY ACQUIRED PROJECTIONS BY DEEP LEARNING GENERATED SYNTHETIC PROJECTIONS
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Peter Bernhardt, Johanna Svensson, M Van Essen, W Emma, and Tobias Rydén
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Paper ,Computer science ,Image quality ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Deep Learning ,0302 clinical medicine ,Post filtering ,law ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ,Image quality degradation ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00180 ,Radiation ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Phantoms, Imaging ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,Attenuation ,Indium Radioisotopes ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Collimator ,Pattern recognition ,General Medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Acquisition time ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Emission computed tomography - Abstract
The aim was to improve single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) quality for sparsely acquired 111In projections by adding deep learning generated synthetic intermediate projections (SIPs). Method: The recently constructed deep convolutional network for generating synthetic intermediate projections (CUSIP) was used for improving 20 sparsely acquired 111In-octreotide SPECTs. Reconstruction was performed with 120 (120P) or 30 (30P) projections, or 120 projections with 90 SIPs generated from 30 projections (30–120SIP). The SPECT reconstructions were performed with attenuation, scatter and collimator response corrections. Postfiltered 30P reconstructed SPECT was also analyzed. Image quality were quantitatively evaluated with root-mean-square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index metrics. Result: The 30–120SIP reconstructed SPECT had statistically significant improved image quality parameters compared to 30P reconstructed SPECT with and without post filtering. The images visual appearance was similar to slightly filtered 120P SPECTs. Thereby, substantial acquisition time reduction with SIPs seems possible without image quality degradation.
- Published
- 2021
6. Intelligent checklists improve checklist compliance in the intensive care unit
- Author
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Xudong Lu, Wilma Compagner, Erik Korsten, Alexander J. G. H. Bindels, Ashley J.R. De Bie, Lenneke van Genugten, Harald van de Pol, Jacco Eerden, Eveline Mestrom, Steffen van Leeuwen, Kiran Dellimore, Arthur Bouwman, Franklin Harold Schuling, Shan Nan, Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Center, Signal Processing Systems, Center for Care & Cure Technology Eindhoven, Biomedical Diagnostics Lab, and EAISI Health
- Subjects
Health Status ,Decision Support Systems ,Practice Patterns ,intensive care unit ,law.invention ,0302 clinical medicine ,030202 anesthesiology ,Interquartile range ,law ,patient safety ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Teaching Rounds/standards ,Practice Patterns, Physicians' ,Prospective cohort study ,Attitude to Computers ,Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards ,Intensive care unit ,Quality Improvement ,Checklist ,Benchmarking ,Intensive Care Units ,clinical decision support system ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,medical errors ,Guideline Adherence/standards ,Guideline Adherence ,Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Critical Care ,Health Care/standards ,Context (language use) ,Physicians'/standards ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,Clinical ,Artificial Intelligence ,Intensive care ,technology acceptance ,Humans ,Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards ,Critical Care/standards ,Quality Indicators, Health Care ,Benchmarking/standards ,business.industry ,Length of Stay ,Decision Support Systems, Clinical ,Quality Improvement/standards ,Clinical trial ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Intensive Care Units/standards ,Emergency medicine ,Teaching Rounds ,Quality Indicators ,business - Abstract
Background We examined whether a context and process-sensitive ‘intelligent' checklist increases compliance with best practice compared with a paper checklist during intensive care ward rounds. Methods We conducted a single-centre prospective before-and-after mixed-method trial in a 35 bed medical and surgical ICU. Daily ICU ward rounds were observed during two periods of 8 weeks. We compared paper checklists (control) with a dynamic (digital) clinical checklist (DCC, intervention). The primary outcome was compliance with best clinical practice, measured as the percentages of checked items and unchecked critical items. Secondary outcomes included ICU stay and the usability of digital checklists. Data are presented as median (interquartile range). Results Clinical characteristics and severity of critical illness were similar during both control and intervention periods of study. A total of 36 clinicians visited 197 patients during 352 ward rounds using the paper checklist, compared with 211 patients during 366 ward rounds using the DCC. Per ICU round, a median of 100% of items (94.4–100.0) were completed by DCC, compared with 75.1% (66.7–86.4) by paper checklist (P=0.03). No critical items remained unchecked by the DCC, compared with 15.4% (8.3–27.3) by the paper checklist (P=0.01). The DCC was associated with reduced ICU stay (1 day [1–3]), compared with the paper checklist (2 days [1–4]; P=0.05). Usability of the DCC was judged by clinicians to require further improvement. Conclusions A digital checklist improved compliance with best clinical practice, compared with a paper checklist, during ward rounds on a mixed ICU. Clinical trial registration NCT 03599856.
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- 2021
7. Flexible, Robust, and Durable Aramid Fiber/CNT Composite Paper as a Multifunctional Sensor for Wearable Applications
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Shunxi Song, Xueyao Ding, Nie Jingyi, Bin Yang, Meiyun Zhang, Lin Wang, and Jiaojun Tan
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Paper ,Imagination ,Materials science ,Chemical substance ,Polymers ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Composite number ,Phthalic Acids ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbon nanotube ,Phenylenediamines ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Motion ,Wearable Electronic Devices ,law ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,media_common ,Nanotubes, Carbon ,business.industry ,Electric Conductivity ,Response time ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electric heating ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Joule heating ,Voltage - Abstract
Flexible paper-based sensors may be applied in numerous fields, but this requires addressing their limitations related to poor thermal and water resistance, which results in low service life. Herein, we report a paper-based composite sensor composed of carboxylic carbon nanotubes (CCNTs) and poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide (PMIA), fabricated by a facile papermaking process. The CCNT/PMIA composite sensor exhibits an ability to detect pressures generated by various human movements, attributed to the sensor's conductive network and the characteristic "mud-brick" microstructure. The sensor exhibits the capability to monitor human motions, such as bending of finger joints and elbow joints, speaking, blinking, and smiling, as well as temperature variations in the range of 30-90 °C. Such a capability to sensitively detect pressure can be realized at different applied frequencies, gradient sagittas, and multiple twists with a short response time (104 ms) even after being soaked in water, acid, and alkali solutions. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates excellent mechanical properties and hence can be folded up to 6000 times without failure, can bear 5 kg of load without breaking, and can be cycled 2000 times without energy loss, providing a great possibility for a long sensing life. Additionally, the composite sensor shows exceptional Joule heating performance, which can reach 242 °C in less than 15 s even when powered by a low input voltage (25 V). From the perspective of industrialization, low-cost and large-scale roll-to-roll production of the paper-based sensor can be achieved, with a formed length of thousands of meters, showing great potential for future industrial applications as a wearable smart sensor for detecting pressure and temperature, with the capability of electric heating.
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- 2021
8. An origami paper-based nanoformulated immunosensor detects picograms of VEGF-C per milliliter of blood
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Yu Xing, Tao Ming, Jinping Luo, Shi Yan, Yuanyuan Ma, Juntao Liu, Yue Yang, Ying Xiong, Yang Wang, Shuai Sun, and Xinxia Cai
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Paper ,QH301-705.5 ,VEGF receptors ,Microfluidics ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nanoparticle ,Metal Nanoparticles ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbon nanotube ,Biosensing Techniques ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,law.invention ,Nanocomposites ,Cancer screening ,Tumour biomarkers ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Blood serum ,law ,Limit of Detection ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Neoplasms ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Biology (General) ,Electrodes ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Detection limit ,Immunoassay ,biology ,Chemistry ,Nanotubes, Carbon ,New methylene blue ,Electrochemical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Colloidal gold ,biology.protein ,Microtechnology ,Nanoparticles ,Gold ,0210 nano-technology ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Detecting vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), a kind of tumor biomarker, is of significant clinical importance in evaluating the prognosis of patients with cancer. However, laboratory analyses are usually not suitable for point-of-care testing because they are expensive and time consuming. In response to these challenges, we fabricated an origami paper-based microfluidic electrochemical device. To improve the specificity of VEGF-C detection, nanocomposites, synthesized by new methylene blue (NMB), amino-functional single-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-SWCNTs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), were used to modify the surface of working electrodes. Results of electrochemical detection showed that the immunosensor had excellent linearity, ranging from 0.01 to 100 ng mL−1 (R2 = 0.988), and the limit of detection was 10 pg mL−1. To confirm the high specificity of the device under real-world conditions, we evaluated the device using clinical serum samples from our hospital. The results demonstrated that the device had an excellent performance and could provide a platform for real-time detection of cancers., Sun, Wang et al. report an origami paper-based immunosensor for the electrochemical detection of the VEGF-C biomarker in blood serum. The immunosensor is made by modifying the surface of working electrodes with new methylene blue, amino-functional single-walled carbon nanotubes, and gold nanoparticles and demonstrates excellent performance with a limit of detection in the range of picograms per milliliter.
- Published
- 2021
9. Recent developments in using the molecular decay dating method: a review
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Johannes Tintner
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Paper ,Time Factors ,Earth science ,Preservation, Biological ,Reviews ,02 engineering and technology ,Review ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Bone and Bones ,Archaeological science ,law.invention ,Lead (geology) ,History and Philosophy of Science ,law ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Dendrochronology ,Animals ,Humans ,Radiocarbon dating ,Organic Chemicals ,History, Ancient ,organic matter ,Skin ,Nyasplan2483 ,General Neuroscience ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Radiometric Dating ,taphonomy ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Wood ,0104 chemical sciences ,Amber ,FTIR spectroscopy ,Archaeology ,Charcoal ,Plant Bark ,archaeometry ,0210 nano-technology ,Geology ,Nyasbiol3577 ,Hair - Abstract
The dating of organic findings is a fundamental task for many scientific fields. Radiocarbon dating is currently the most commonly used method. For wood, dendrochronology is another state‐of‐the‐art method. Both methods suffer from systematic restrictions, leading to samples that have not yet been able to be dated. Molecular changes over time are reported for many materials under different preservation conditions. Many of them are intrinsically monotonous. These monotonous molecular decay (MD) patterns can be understood as clocks that start at the time when a given molecule was formed. Factors that influence these clocks include input material composition and preservation conditions. Different wood species, degrees of pyrolysis, and pretreatments lead to different prediction models. Preservation conditions might change the speed of a given clock and lead to different prediction models. Currently published models for predicting the age of wood, paper, and parchment depend on infrared spectroscopy. In contrast to radiocarbon dating, dating via MD does not comprise a single methodology. Some clocks may deliver less precise results than the others. Ultimately, developing a completely different, new dating strategy‐such as MD dating–will help to bring to light a treasure trove of information hidden in the darkness of organic findings., This review focuses on molecular changes over time. Having been discussed since the 1960s, the variety of molecular clocks includes the change in amino acids in the primary structure of a protein over time. Molecular decay (MD) has a mainly monotonous function, a prerequisite to serving as such a clock. In addition, such clocks need a defined starting point and a defined decay function. In contrast to the decay of alpha and beta emitters, MD is influenced by several environmental factors indicated by preservation conditions. The MD method has the potential to be used for different organic materials and different scientific fields.
- Published
- 2021
10. OCCUPATIONAL EYE LENS DOSE OVER SIX YEARS IN THE STAFF OF A US HIGH-VOLUME CANCER CENTER
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Daniel Miodownik, Brian T. Quinn, Lawrence T. Dauer, and Michael B. Bellamy
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Paper ,genetic structures ,Radiation Dosage ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Radiation Protection ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,X ray computed ,Occupational Exposure ,Lens, Crystalline ,medicine ,Humans ,Fluoroscopy ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Eye lens ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00180 ,Radiation ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Lens (optics) ,Positron emission tomography ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Nuclear medicine ,business - Abstract
This paper summarizes the dose to the eye lens of workers of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, a high-volume US oncologic and associated diseases facility. The doses presented in this report were collected from personal dosemeter readings using optically stimulated luminescence badges to estimate Hp(3). Doses were collected for 5950 clinical and research workers between January 2012 and December 2017. The median eye lens dose for all monitored workers was 0.23 mSv y−1. Workers performing, or supporting, fluoroscopy procedures received the highest unprotected eye lens dose of all workers with a median eye dose of 10 mSv. The use of leaded glasses by this group reduced the actual doses to the lens. Nurses and technicians involved in positron emission tomography injections received median eye lens dose of 1.2 mSv.
- Published
- 2020
11. Weighing paper‐assisted magnetic ionic liquid headspace single‐drop microextraction using microwave distillation followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of essential oil components in lavender
- Author
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Jihong Fu, Xin Liu, Caijuan Wang, Ping Chen, and Lili Wang
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Cyclohexane ,Liquid Phase Microextraction ,Ionic Liquids ,Filtration and Separation ,Mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Oils, Volatile ,Particle Size ,Microwaves ,Distillation ,Essential oil ,Magnetic ionic liquid ,Chromatography ,010405 organic chemistry ,Magnetic Phenomena ,Drop (liquid) ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Imidazoles ,0104 chemical sciences ,Solvent ,Lavandula ,chemistry ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry - Abstract
Weighing paper-assisted magnetic ionic liquid headspace single-drop microextraction using microwave distillation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was successfully developed to determine the essential oil components in lavender. The magnetic ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate was successfully synthesized and used as the optimal extraction solvent. An aliquot of 9 μL of magnetic ionic liquid could be stably suspended on the weighing paper for long time extraction. The increase of the extractant volume resulted in a significantly enhanced in extracting efficiency of the weighing paper-assisted magnetic ionic liquid headspace single-drop microextraction than traditional headspace single-drop microextraction method. In this experiment, the optimal conditions were 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate as the extraction solvent, extraction time of 12 min, microwave power of 600 W, cyclohexane as back-extractant and sample amount of 30 mg. The developed method was successfully applied to analyze 16 lavender samples from three different harvest years. A total of 39 compounds in lavender were identified and the principal component analysis provided a clear separation between those lavender samples harvested in different years. The results indicated that the proposed weighing paper-assisted magnetic ionic liquid headspace single-drop microextraction is a novel, fast, simple and sensitive microextration technique for the determination of the essential oil components in lavender.
- Published
- 2020
12. Beating cancer-related fatigue with the Untire mobile app
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Mariët Hagedoorn, Robbert Sanderman, Simon S Spahrkäs, Anne Looijmans, Personalized Healthcare Technology (PHT), Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Health Psychology Research (HPR), and Psychology, Health & Technology
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Adult ,Male ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,self-management ,Palliative care ,Waiting Lists ,Cancer survivors ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Humans ,cancer ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Survivors ,Cancer-related fatigue ,mHealth ,app ,Self-management ,palliative care ,business.industry ,Cancer ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Mobile Applications ,Telemedicine ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,quality of life ,psycho‐oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Papers ,oncology ,Physical therapy ,self‐management ,slef-management ,psycho-oncology ,Female ,fatigue ,medicine.symptom ,business ,RCT - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This waiting-list randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of a self-management mHealth app in improving fatigue and quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients and survivors.METHODS: Persons with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) were recruited across four English speaking countries, via social media, and randomized into intervention (n = 519) and control (n = 280) groups. Whereas the intervention group received immediate access to the Untire app, the control group received access only after 12-weeks. Primary outcomes fatigue severity and interference, and secondary outcome QoL were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12-weeks. We ran generalized linear mixed models for all outcomes to determine the effects of app access (yes/no), over 12-weeks, following the intention-to-treat principle.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significantly larger improvements in fatigue severity (d = 0.40), fatigue interference (d = 0.35), and overall QoL on average (d = 0.32) (P's 56). Effects did not depend on education and cancer status. Reliable change analyses indicated that significantly more people showed full recovery for fatigue in the intervention vs the control group (P's = .02).CONCLUSIONS: The Untire app can be an effective mHealth solution for cancer patients and survivors with moderate to severe CRF.
- Published
- 2020
13. Parametric study of high-energy ring-shaped electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator
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A Maitrallain, E Brunetti, M J V Streeter, B Kettle, R Spesyvtsev, G Vieux, M Shahzad, B Ersfeld, S R Yoffe, A Kornaszewski, O Finlay, Y Ma, F Albert, N Bourgeois, S J D Dann, N Lemos, S Cipiccia, J M Cole, I G González, L Willingale, A Higginbotham, A E Hussein, M Šmid, K Falk, K Krushelnick, N C Lopes, E Gerstmayr, C Lumsdon, O Lundh, S P D Mangles, Z Najmudin, P P Rajeev, D R Symes, A G R Thomas, and D A Jaroszynski
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Physics ,QC717 ,Paper ,High energy ,business.industry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Electron ,Laser ,Ring (chemistry) ,Plasma acceleration ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,annular electron beams ,business ,laser–plasma wakefield accelerators ,parametric study ,Parametric statistics - Abstract
Laser wakefield accelerators commonly produce on-axis, low-divergence, high-energy electron beams. However, a high charge, annular shaped beam can be trapped outside the bubble and accelerated to high energies. Here we present a parametric study on the production of low-energy-spread, ultra-relativistic electron ring beams in a two-stage gas cell. Ring-shaped beams with energies higher than 750 MeV are observed simultaneously with on axis, continuously injected electrons. Often multiple ring shaped beams with different energies are produced and parametric studies to control the generation and properties of these structures were conducted. Particle tracking and particle-in-cell simulations are used to determine properties of these beams and investigate how they are formed and trapped outside the bubble by the wake produced by on-axis injected electrons. These unusual femtosecond duration, high-charge, high-energy, ring electron beams may find use in beam driven plasma wakefield accelerators and radiation sources.
- Published
- 2022
14. Active metamaterial polarization modulators for the Terahertz frequency range
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Nikita W. Almond, David A. Ritchie, Binbin Wei, Stephen J. Kindness, Wladislaw Michailow, Riccardo Degl'Innocenti, Stephan Hofmann, Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer, Harvey E. Beere, Hofmann, Stephan [0000-0001-6375-1459], Beere, Harvey [0000-0001-5630-2321], Ritchie, David [0000-0002-9844-8350], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Paper ,History ,Graphene ,Terahertz radiation ,business.industry ,Metamaterial ,Physics::Optics ,Polarization (waves) ,Laser ,5104 Condensed Matter Physics ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,law.invention ,law ,Broadband ,Miniaturization ,Optoelectronics ,Time domain ,business ,51 Physical Sciences - Abstract
Active control of chirality in the terahertz frequency range is of great importance in many scientific areas, which include research into fundamental optical phenomena, investigation of novel materials, spectroscopy, imaging, wireless communications and chemistry. The lack of efficient, integrated and fast-reconfigurable polarization modulators has hindered, so far, the full exploitation of applications in all the aforementioned fields. Metamaterials are artificial resonant elements possessing unique remarkable properties such as high efficiency and miniaturization capability. The interplay of metallic metamaterial arrays with electrostatically tunable monolayer graphene has been demonstrated to be a valid approach for the realization of a novel class of THz devices. In this work, the realization of active chiral graphene/metamaterial modulator is presented. The versatility of this experimental approach allowed the device integration with broadband sources such as terahertz time domain spectrometers as well as with quantum cascade lasers. A continuous rotation of the polarization plane > 30° has been reported with a reconfiguration speed > 5 MHz. These results pave the way to the integration of fast terahertz polarization modulators in all the applications where these devices are in great demand.
- Published
- 2022
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15. Simultaneously Detecting Monoamine Oxidase A and B in Disease Cell/Tissue Samples Using Paper-Based Devices
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Meirong Wu, Jie Liu, Changmin Yu, Xiao Huang, Wenhui Ji, Jinhua Liu, Lin Li, Hua Bai, Hai-Dong Yu, Ding Chen, Limin Wang, Qiong Wu, Bo Peng, Haixiao Fang, Yipei Chen, and Naidi Yang
- Subjects
Paper ,Cell ,Biomedical Engineering ,Mitochondrion ,law.invention ,Cell Line ,Biomaterials ,law ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Humans ,Monoamine Oxidase ,Chemiluminescence ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Chemistry ,fungi ,Biochemistry (medical) ,food and beverages ,Oxidative deamination ,General Chemistry ,Monoamine neurotransmitter ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Enzyme ,Biochemistry ,Equipment and Supplies ,biology.protein ,Monoamine oxidase A ,Bacterial outer membrane - Abstract
As enzymes in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion, monoamine oxidases (MAOs) can catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines in the human body. According to different substrates, MAOs can be divided into MAO-A and MAO-B. The imbalance of the MAO-A is associated with neurological degeneration, while excess MAO-B activity is closely connected with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, detection of MAOs is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. This work reports the multiplexed detection of MAO-A and MAO-B using paper-based devices based on chemiluminescence (CL). The detection limits were 5.01 pg/mL for MAO-A and 8.50 pg/mL for MAO-B in human serum. In addition, we used paper-based devices to detect MAOs in human cells and tissue samples and found that the results of paper-based detection and Western blotting (WB) showed the same trend. While only one antibody can be incubated on the same membrane by WB, multiple antibodies incubated on the same paper enabled simultaneous detection of MAO-A and MAO-B by paper-based devices. The paper-based assay could be used for preliminary early screening of clinical samples for MAOs and can be extended as an alternative to WB for multiplexed detection of various proteins in disease cell or tissue samples.
- Published
- 2022
16. Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Histidine Determination
- Author
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Yu Takano, Yasuhisa Nakano, Z. Hugh Fan, Toshikazu Nishida, Akimitsu Kugimiya, Jiro Kohda, Xiao Jiang, and Akane Fujikawa
- Subjects
Paper ,0106 biological sciences ,Fabrication ,Materials science ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Microfluidics ,Bioengineering ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ,law.invention ,Molybdenum blue ,Limit of Detection ,law ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,010608 biotechnology ,Histidine ,Molecular Biology ,Filtration ,Chromatography ,010405 organic chemistry ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biosensor ,Biotechnology - Abstract
A laminated paper-based analytical device (LPAD) for histidine detection was fabricated from a chromatography filtration paper and laminate films. Histidine recognition was effected by histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS), and its detection was signaled colorimetrically based on the molybdenum blue reaction. The analytical conditions and detectable concentration range of histidine were examined. The method provided selective quantification from 1 to 100 μM histidine. LPAD fabrication is considerably simple, involving only the craft-cutting of the chromatography filtration paper and laminate film, and is cost-effective.
- Published
- 2020
17. The preparation of graphene ink from the exfoliation of graphite in pullulan, chitosan and alginate for strain-sensitive paper
- Author
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Kamal Yusoh, Nurul Farhana Abu Kasim, Wan Farhana W Idris, Abu Hannifa Abdullah, and Zulhelmi Ismail
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Alginates ,Sonication ,02 engineering and technology ,Biochemistry ,law.invention ,Chitosan ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Structural Biology ,law ,Conductive ink ,Electric Impedance ,Graphite ,Glucans ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Graphene ,Pullulan ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Exfoliation joint ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Ink ,Stress, Mechanical ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A sonication of graphite in polysaccharide (pullulan, chitosan and alginate) is one of the viable methods for the preparation of few-layer graphene. However, the effect of these adsorbed polysaccharides on the electrical performance of the produced graphene so far is not yet clear. In order to investigate the present effect of pullulan, chitosan and alginate on the electrical characteristic of resulted graphene, we have produced few-layer graphene using bath sonication of graphite in pullulan, chitosan and alginate medium for the application as electrical conductive ink in strain-sensitive. Data from the TEM reveals the appearance of folded few-layer graphene flakes after sonication for 150 min while the XPS data shows that the chitosan-based graphene possesses the highest carbon-oxygen ratio of 7.2 as compared to that of the pullulan and alginate-based graphene. By subjecting the produced graphene as the ink for paper-based strain sensor, we have discovered that the chitosan-graphene has the best resistivity value (1.66 × 10-3 Ω⋅cm) and demonstrate the highest sensitivity towards strain (GF: 18.6). This result interestingly implies the potential of the reported chitosan-based conductive ink as a strain-sensitive material for future food packaging.
- Published
- 2020
18. USB powered microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices
- Author
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Cody S. Carrell, Pablo A. Kler, Charles S. Henry, Claudio Luis Alberto Berli, and Federico Schaumburg
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Paper ,Computer science ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Microfluidics ,INGENIERÍAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS ,02 engineering and technology ,USB ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,Electrolytes ,Electric Power Supplies ,law ,Separation zone ,PAPER-BASED MICROFLUIDICS ,Tecnología de Laboratorios Médicos ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Electronics ,NUMERICAL PROTOTYPING ,Ingeniería Médica ,Isotachophoresis ,business.industry ,UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Equipment Design ,Paper based ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Sample (graphics) ,0104 chemical sciences ,ISOTACHOPHORESIS ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Computer hardware ,Communication channel - Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) allow user-friendly and portable chemical determinations, although they provide limited applicability due to insufficient sensitivity. Several approaches have been proposed to address poor sensitivity in μPADs, but they frequently require bulky equipment for power and/or read-outs. Universal serial buses (USB) are an attractive alternative to less portable power sources and are currently available in many common electronic devices. Here, USB-powered μPADs (USB μPADs) are proposed as a fusion of both technologies to improve performance without adding instrumental complexity. Two ITP USB μPADs were developed, both powered by a 5 V potential provided through standard USB ports. The first device was fabricated using the origami approach. Its operation was analyzed experimentally and numerically, yielding a two-order-of-magnitude sample focusing in 15 min. The second ITP USB μPAD is a novel design, which was numerically prototyped with the aim of handling larger sample volumes. The reservoirs were moved away from the ITP channel and capillary action was used to drive the sample and electrolytes to the separation zone, predicting 25-fold sample focusing in 10 min. USB μPADs are expected to be adopted by minimally-trained personnel in sensitive areas like resource-limited settings, the point-of-care and in emergencies. Fil: Schaumburg, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentina Fil: Kler, Pablo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina Fil: Carrell, Cody S.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos Fil: Berli, Claudio Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentina Fil: Henry, Charles S.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos
- Published
- 2020
19. A novel trimodal system on a paper-based microfluidic device for on-site detection of the date rape drug 'ketamine'
- Author
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Mahmoud A. Tantawy, Ali M. Yehia, and Mohamed A. Farag
- Subjects
Paper ,Microfluidics ,Potentiometric titration ,Poison control ,Nanotechnology ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,USB ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,Beverages ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Microchip Analytical Procedures ,Polyaniline ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Figure of merit ,Spectroscopy ,Optical Imaging ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Ketamine hydrochloride ,Reproducibility of Results ,Electrochemical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Chip ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Rape ,Calibration ,Potentiometry ,Ketamine ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic device was designed with wax-printing to combine potentiometric, fluorimetric and colorimetric detection zones. This newly developed trimodal paper chip has been used for on-site determination of ketamine hydrochloride (KET) as a date rape drug in beverages. The device employed polyaniline nano-dispersion as conducting polymer in ion sensing paper electrodes designed to fit USB plug connector. Carbon dots-gold nanoparticles and cobalt thiocyanate were used in fluorescence and color detection zones, respectively. Cellular phone's camera facilitated the on-site fluorimetric and color detection. The implemented trimodal detection system exhibited specificity for KET detection in the presence of several other beverage interferences i.e., biogenic amines. This innovative sensor brings together analytical figures of merit for effective KET detection in single aliquot of spiked beverages. The proposed paper-based chip also fulfils WHO criteria for point-of-care devices posing the proposed trimodal paper device as an active part for rapid, on-site drug diagnostics and to be applied further for other similar drugs.
- Published
- 2020
20. In Vitro Selection of a DNA Aptamer Targeting Degraded Protein Fragments for Biosensing
- Author
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John D. Brennan, Qiang Zhang, Yingfu Li, Meng Liu, Yangyang Chang, Dingran Chang, Christy Y. Hui, and Jiayi Wang
- Subjects
Paper ,Aptamer ,Clostridium difficile toxin B ,Biosensing Techniques ,Protein degradation ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,law.invention ,Feces ,law ,Humans ,A-DNA ,Toxins, Biological ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Aptamers, Nucleotide ,Clostridium difficile ,Peptide Fragments ,In vitro ,3. Good health ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biochemistry ,Proteolysis ,Recombinant DNA ,Biosensor - Abstract
Protein biomarkers often exist as degradation fragments in biological samples, and affinity agents derived using a purified protein may not recognize them, limiting their value for clinical diagnosis. Herein, we present a method to overcome this issue, by selecting aptamers against a degraded form of the toxin B protein, which is a marker for diagnosing toxigenic Clostridium difficile infections. This approach has led to isolation of a DNA aptamer that recognizes degraded toxin B, fresh toxin B, and toxin B spiked into human stool samples. DNA aptamers selected using intact recombinant toxin B failed to recognize degraded toxin B, which is the form present in stored stool samples. Using this new aptamer, we produced a simple paper-based analytical device for colorimetric detection of toxin B in stool samples, or in the NAP1 strain of Clostridium difficile. The combined aptamer-selection and paper-sensing strategy can expand the practical utility of DNA aptamers in clinical diagnosis.
- Published
- 2020
21. LEVELS OF EXPOSURE TO IONIZING RADIATION AMONG THE PERSONNEL ENGAGED IN CYCLOTRON OPERATION AND THE PERSONNEL ENGAGED IN THE PRODUCTION OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, BASED ON RADIATION MONITORING SYSTEM
- Author
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Michał Biegała and Teresa Jakubowska
- Subjects
Paper ,Nuclear engineering ,Cyclotron ,Radiation Dosage ,01 natural sciences ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Ionizing radiation ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Radiation Monitoring ,law ,Occupational Exposure ,Radiation, Ionizing ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neutron ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00180 ,Radiation ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Radiation dose ,Photon radiation ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Cyclotrons ,Neutron radiation ,Positron emission tomography ,Environmental science ,Radiation monitoring ,Radiopharmaceuticals ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed - Abstract
This paper aims to determine the levels of exposure to neutron and photon radiation among the personnel engaged in cyclotron operation and the personnel engaged in the production of radiopharmaceuticals, with the use of the environmental radiation monitoring system (RMS) installed in the positron emission tomography laboratory. The annual exposures of employees operating the cyclotron measured with the use of the RMS system are: 1.39 ± 0.16 mSv in case of photon radiation and 2.61 ± 0.14 mSv in case of neutron radiation. In the case of employees in the radiopharmaceuticals’ production zone, the annual exposures measured by means of the RMS system are 0.15 ± 0.03 mSv in case of photon radiation and 0.11 ± 0.01 mSv in case of neutron radiation. The exposure levels among the personnel engaged in cyclotron operation and the personnel engaged in the production of radiopharmaceuticals are below the permissible radiation dose limits.
- Published
- 2020
22. Long‐term efficacy of meaning‐centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors: 2‐Year follow‐up results of a randomized controlled trial
- Author
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Karen Holtmaat, Birgit I. Lissenberg-Witte, William Breitbart, Pim Cuijpers, Nadia van der Spek, Irma M. Verdonck-de Leeuw, Clinical Psychology, APH - Mental Health, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center, APH - Global Health, Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Otolaryngology / Head & Neck Surgery, APH - Personalized Medicine, and CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life
- Subjects
Paper ,group psychotherapy ,Adult ,Male ,psychological adaptation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,law.invention ,Group psychotherapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,follow‐up studies ,Cancer Survivors ,law ,Psychological adaptation ,Intervention (counseling) ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,cancer survivors ,cancer ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,outcome assessment ,psychological stress ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Netherlands ,Intention-to-treat analysis ,Posttraumatic growth ,business.industry ,Depression ,Middle Aged ,follow-up studies ,Personal development ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,depression ,Papers ,oncology ,intention‐to‐treat analysis ,Psychotherapy, Group ,Quality of Life ,intention-to-treat analysis ,Female ,business ,Clinical psychology ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Objective: Meaning-centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors (MCGP-CS) is an effective intervention to improve personal meaning, psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms until 6 months after the intervention. In this study, the long-term effects of MCGP-CS (i.e., at 1- and 2-year follow-up) on meaning, psychological well-being and posttraumatic growth were assessed, in comparison to supportive group psychotherapy (SGP) and care as usual (CAU). Methods: Cancer survivors (n = 170) were randomized into MCGP-CS, SGP, or CAU. Assessments were scheduled at baseline, 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postintervention. Outcome measures were the Personal Meaning Profile, Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB), the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and their subscales. Linear mixed models (LMM) were used and results were both reported on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis, as well as for intervention completers only. Results: LMM and post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction revealed that MCGP-CS participants reported more improvement on positive relations (subscale of SPWB) than CAU participants of 2-year postintervention (ITT analysis, Cohen's d =.82). Completers also reported more personal growth (subscale of SPWB) after MCGP-CS than after SGP 1-year postintervention (Cohen's d =.94). No long-term effects were found on the other outcome measures. Conclusions: In the 2 years after MCGP-CS, the short-term significant effects on personal meaning and most positive effects related to psychological well-being faded. However, MCGP-CS had a long-term positive effect on positive relations with others and on survivors' sense of personal growth. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register: NTR3571.
- Published
- 2020
23. Detection of Inflicted Bruises by Alternate Light: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial†, ‡, §
- Author
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Daniel J. Sheridan, Nancy R. Downing, Katherine N. Scafide, and Matthew J. Hayat
- Subjects
Paper ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Light ,injury ,Balanced sampling ,Contusions ,detection ,Poison control ,Color ,Skin Pigmentation ,bruises ,01 natural sciences ,alternate light ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,violence ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Light source ,Sex Factors ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,General ,Pathology/Biology ,ultraviolet ,Genetics ,White light ,medicine ,Humans ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,forensic examination ,Forensic Pathology ,Cross-Over Studies ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Localized fat ,Crossover study ,Dermatology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bruise ,Skinfold Thickness ,Papers ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Bruises are often difficult to detect on victims of violence, potentially impacting investigation and prosecution. The purpose of our randomized controlled trial was to measure the effectiveness of an alternate light source (ALS) within visible and long ultraviolet spectrums at improving bruise detection compared to white light over time. We also examined the effects of skin color, age, gender, localized fat, and injury mechanism on bruise detection. Participants included 157 healthy adults with balanced sampling across six skin color categories. Bruises were created under the controlled application of a paintball pellet and dropped weight to one upper and lower arm, respectively. Using a crossover design, both bruises were examined 21 times over 4 weeks. Ten different wavelength (350–535 nm) and filter (yellow, orange, red) combinations were used. Multilevel models were used to analyze 2903 examinations on both upper and lower arms. Results in multivariable models showed after controlling for other covariates 415 and 450 nm using a yellow filter had greater odds of detecting evidence of bruising than white light (Upper Arm: 415 nm: OR = 5.34, 95% CI: 4.35–6.56; 450 nm: OR = 4.08, 95% CI: 3.36–4.96). Under either light source, being female and having more localized fat had increased odds of detecting bruises created by the dropped weight (female: OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.37–3.70; fat: OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34). Our results support ALS as an appropriate tool to enhance concurrent physical assessment of bruises in the presence of known history of injury. Future development and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines for ALS application are needed.
- Published
- 2020
24. FTA-Sodium hydroxide-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) : an efficient and cheaper option for Theileria parva detection in dairy cattle in Mbarara, Uganda
- Author
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Leo Uchida, Patrick Vudriko, Ikuo Okamura, Joseph Byaruhanga, Yasukazu Muramatsu, Kohei Makita, and Takeshi Miyama
- Subjects
Paper ,Veterinary medicine ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Theileria parva ,Resource constrained ,Cattle Diseases ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,FTA card ,Specimen Handling ,law.invention ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,law ,parasitic diseases ,Prevalence ,Animals ,East Coast fever ,FTA card, sodium hydroxide ,Uganda ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Dairy cattle ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,sodium hydroxide ,General Veterinary ,dairy cow ,Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ,DNA ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Note ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA extraction ,Theileriasis ,Highly sensitive ,Dairying ,Parasitology ,Cattle - Abstract
East Coast fever is caused by Theileria parva, and poses serious concerns for dairy farmers owing to massive economic losses. In the current study, we compared three methods (DNA extraction kits, FTA-NaOH and FTA-TENT) of DNA extraction to identify the most economical and reliable method. A survey for T. parva prevalence was conducted in dairy cattle in Mbarara, Uganda. Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) and T. parva-p104 genes were amplified to compare the methods. FTA-NaOH-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) yielded the best detection rate for both COI gene and p104 gene. Prevalence of T. parva was 45.0% and 83.3% at animal and farm-level, respectively. FTA-NaOH based-PCR is simple, highly sensitive and cost-effective tool for T. parva diagnosis in resource constrained settings.
- Published
- 2020
25. Rapid switch-on fluorescent detection of nanomolar-level hydrazine in water by a diacetoxy-functionalized MOF: application in paper strips and environmental samples
- Author
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Soutick Nandi, Mostakim Sk, and Shyam Biswas
- Subjects
Paper ,Detection limit ,Time Factors ,Chemistry ,Ligand ,Hydrazine ,Carboxylic Acids ,Water ,STRIPS ,Environment ,Highly selective ,Fluorescence ,law.invention ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrazines ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,Environmental water ,Limit of Detection ,law ,Naked eye ,Metal-Organic Frameworks ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Here, we present a new diacetoxy-functionalized UiO-66 metal-organic framework (MOF) for the trace level detection of hydrazine in water. The MOF material (1) was solvothermally prepared by the reaction between ZrOCl2·8H2O and 2,5-diacetoxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2BDC-(OCOCH3)2). The desolvated material (1') showed a highly selective fluorescent turn-on signal towards hydrazine in water, which can be visualized by the naked eye under a UV lamp. Within 1 min of hydrazine addition, there was 14-fold fluorescence enhancement. The probe can detect hydrazine up to the nanomolar level (detection limit = 78.8 nM) in water. This detection limit is the lowest among MOF-based fluorescent probes for hydrazine. The material was also utilized for the sensing of hydrazine in paper strips and environmental water samples. Hydrazine-selective deprotection of ester groups anchored with the ligand is the principal reason behind the switch-on nature of sensing.
- Published
- 2020
26. Bio-inspired antibacterial cellulose paper–poly(amidoxime) composite hydrogel for highly efficient uranium(<scp>vi</scp>) capture from seawater
- Author
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Jinxiang Gao, Chunxin Ma, Xiaolin Wang, Ning Wang, Qiuhan Yu, Yihui Yuan, Bingjie Yan, Jun Wen, Shaohua Jiang, and Yongxin Qian
- Subjects
Paper ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Water Pollutants, Radioactive ,Composite number ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Catalysis ,Water Purification ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Magazine ,law ,Oximes ,Escherichia coli ,Materials Chemistry ,Ionic conductivity ,Seawater ,Cellulose ,Vibrio alginolyticus ,Water pollutants ,Metals and Alloys ,Hydrogels ,General Chemistry ,Uranium ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites - Abstract
A bio-inspired cellulose paper–poly(amidoxime) composite hydrogel is explored via UV-polymerization. This hydrogel has a highly efficient uranium capture capacity of up to 6.21 mg g−1 for WU/Wdry gel and 12.9 mg g−1 for WU/Wpoly(amidoxime) in seawater for 6 weeks, due to its enhanced hydrophilicity, good hydraulic/ionic conductivity and broad-spectrum antibacterial performance.
- Published
- 2020
27. Interpol review of questioned documents 2016–2019
- Author
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Capitaine Marie Deviterne-Lapeyre
- Subjects
Paper ,Forgery ,VSI: 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium 2019 Review ,Download ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,Library science ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Interpol ,Questioned documents ,Political science ,ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION ,lcsh:Criminal law and procedure ,Ink ,lcsh:K5000-5582 ,Law ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in questioned documents from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol Review Papers 2019.pdf .
- Published
- 2020
28. Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 humanized antibody with paper-based ELISA
- Author
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Muhammad Umer, Surasak Kasetsirikul, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith, Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky, and Narshone Soda
- Subjects
Paper ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,02 engineering and technology ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Antibodies, Viral ,010402 general chemistry ,medicine.disease_cause ,Humanized antibody ,Proof of Concept Study ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Horseradish peroxidase ,Armoracia ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,COVID-19 Testing ,Antigen ,Limit of Detection ,law ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Horseradish Peroxidase ,Spectroscopy ,Coronavirus ,Detection limit ,Chromatography ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Chemistry ,Benzidines ,COVID-19 ,Repeatability ,Phosphoproteins ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Recombinant DNA ,biology.protein ,Colorimetry ,Antibody ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This work reports the development of a rapid, simple and inexpensive colorimetric paper-based assay for the detection of the severe acute respiratory symptom coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) humanized antibody. The paper device was prepared with lamination for easy sample handling and coated with the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen. This assay employed a colorimetric reaction, which is followed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated detecting antibody in the presence of the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate. The colorimetric readout was evaluated and quantified for specificity and sensitivity. The characterization of this assay includes determining the linear regression curve, the limit of detection (LOD), the repeatability, and testing complex biological samples. We found that the LOD of the assay was 9.00 ng μL-1 (0.112 IU mL-1). The relative standard deviation was approximately 10% for a sample number of n = 3. We believe that our proof-of-concept assay has the potential to be developed for clinical screening of the SARS-CoV-2 humanized antibody as a tool to confirm infected active cases or to confirm SARS-CoV-2 immune cases during the process of vaccine development.
- Published
- 2020
29. Frequency Domain Diagnostics of Transformer Insulation
- Author
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Miroslav Gutten, Daniel Korenciak, Milan Sebok, Pawel Zukowski, Tomasz N. Koltunowicz, P. Brncal, and M. Kubis
- Subjects
insulation ,Materials science ,paper ,Frequency domain spectroscopy ,Electrical insulation paper ,Mechanical engineering ,Conductivity ,oil ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Traction transformer ,Operating temperature ,law ,Frequency domain ,0103 physical sciences ,transformer ,diagnostics ,TA1-2040 ,Transformer ,010301 acoustics ,Voltage - Abstract
The first part of paper deals with the base information about diagnostics of power transformers. In this part are presented differently insulating methods, for example method of recovery voltage method, method of polarization and depolarization currents and chromatographic analysis.The second part of paper deals use of method of frequency domain spectroscopy for oil power transformers. This method is used in analysis insulating condition of power transformer with system of oil-paper. It was found, that the results of these tests are highly impacted by the operating temperature during the experimental measurement. Moisture and conductivity between insulating paper and oil in an insulating system are highly dependent from temperature.In the other part, the paper presents experimental results of the frequency diagnostic measurement for a real single-phase traction transformer 110/27 kV at different operating temperatures and states (with oil and without).Finally in the last part, the paper presents comparing frequency insulating measurements among several the same single-phase transformers 110/27 kV.
- Published
- 2019
30. Waste paper derived three-dimensional carbon aerogel integrated with ceria/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as freestanding anode for high performance and durable microbial fuel cells
- Author
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N. Senthilkumar, Mehboobali Pannipara, A. Balasubramani, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, G. Gnana kumar, A. Therasa Alphonsa, and Md. Abdul Aziz
- Subjects
Paper ,0106 biological sciences ,Materials science ,Microbial fuel cell ,Bioelectric Energy Sources ,Nitrogen ,Oxide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Bioengineering ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Electron transfer ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,010608 biotechnology ,Electrodes ,Bacteria ,010405 organic chemistry ,Graphene ,Biofilm ,Aerogel ,Cerium ,General Medicine ,0104 chemical sciences ,Anode ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Graphite ,Carbon ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Despite the green energy generation with low cost compared to conventional fuel cells, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) still suffer with anode related constraints including laborious pretreatment and modification process of conventional electrodes, limited bacterial loading capacity, and inferior extracellular electron transfer efficiency. Accordingly, this investigation explores the waste tissue paper derived three dimensional (3D) carbon aerogel (CA) integrated with cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanotubes decorated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (NRGO) as a competent anode to address these technical complements. The direct growth of NRGO and CeO2 over CA in the form of freestanding and binder-free NRGO/CeO2(1:2)/CA alleviates the significant constrains of conventional anode fabrication. The 3D hierarchical architectures of CA with open porous structure provide easy access of bacteria, thus increases the bacterial colonies per unit volume. Furthermore, the hydrogen bonding between the interfacial oxygen atoms of CeO2 and lysine residues of the cytochrome c in bacteria yields excellent extracellular electron transfer efficiency. The electrostatic interaction between the NRGO and bacteria cells improves the bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, leading to the compact biofilm formation for the improved direct electron transference. With the profits of above, the MFC with NRGO/CeO2(1:2)/CA demonstrates a maximum power output and good lifespan performances. The present exploration facts thus access advanced avenues to converting waste matters of tissue paper, human urine, and wastewater into profitable constituents for the development of efficient and durable power producing systems.
- Published
- 2019
31. Enhanced Detection of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus via Lateral Flow Chip and Fluorometric Biosensors Based on Self-Assembled Protein Nanoprobes
- Author
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Mintai P. Hwang, Min-Ho Lee, Jeongho Kim, Sachin Chavan, Jonghoon Choi, Yonghyun Choi, Jangsun Hwang, Dasom Kim, and Jong Wook Hong
- Subjects
Paper ,medicine.drug_class ,Nanoprobe ,Bioengineering ,Biosensing Techniques ,02 engineering and technology ,Monoclonal antibody ,01 natural sciences ,Virus ,law.invention ,GTP-Binding Proteins ,Limit of Detection ,law ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Humans ,Fluorometry ,Instrumentation ,Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Immunoassay ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Detection limit ,Chemistry ,Magnetic Phenomena ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fragment crystallizable region ,Molecular biology ,Recombinant Proteins ,0104 chemical sciences ,Apoferritins ,Recombinant DNA ,Nanoparticles ,0210 nano-technology ,Antibodies, Immobilized ,Biosensor - Abstract
Salmon fish farmers face remarkable problems in fish rearing and handling due to the spread of disease by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Therefore, we developed a straightforward and sensitive technique to detect IPNV-based on recombinant human apoferritin heavy chain (hAFN-H) protein nanoparticles. In this study, the 24 subunits of the hAFN-H were genetically modified to express 6×His-tag and protein-G at their C-terminal site using Escherichia coli. We thus achieved a two-step signal amplifying strategy that utilizes a recombinant hAFN-H nanoprobe having a protein-G-binding site that targets the Fc region of monoclonal antibodies and a 6×His-tag that actively interacts with the functionalized Ni-NTA derivatives. In this study, we report a considerable advancement in magnetic bead-based detection systems that use Ni-NTA-Atto 550, reliably exhibiting detection limits of 1.02 TCID50/mL (50% tissue culture infective dose). Additionally, we propose a lateral flow chip-based detection method that uses the hAFN-H surface functionalized with 5 nm of the Ni-NTA-nanogold complex as a nanoprobe; the limit of detection towards IPNV was 0.88 TCID50/mL. The detection of IPNV by this recombinant hAFN-H nanoprobe was linear to virus titers in the range of 101-103 TCID50/mL.
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- 2019
32. Trapped-flux magnets characterization for application in synchronous machines
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T. Reis, Vicente Climente-Alarcon, Lukasz Tomkow, Bartek A. Glowacki, Nikolay Mineev, Anis Smara, Tomkow, Lukasz [0000-0001-5278-6007], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Electric motor ,Paper ,History ,Materials science ,Rotor (electric) ,Demagnetizing field ,Mechanical engineering ,Magnetic flux ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,law.invention ,Magnetic circuit ,law ,Harmonics ,Magnet ,7 Affordable and Clean Energy ,Synchronous motor ,51 Physical Sciences - Abstract
Trapped-flux magnets comprising stacked superconducting tape constitute a promising development to increase the power density of electrical machines, whilst at the same time keeping the complexity required in their construction in manageable levels that allow their use in applications such as aircraft propulsion. However, the conditions in which superconducting stacks operate inside an electrical motor differ quite significantly from the materials characterization experiments commonly developed to model their behaviour. This work presents the results of studying the applicability of these devices as magnetic flux source in the rotor of synchronous machines considering the influence of whole magnetic circuit. Several aspects are assessed, such as flux harmonics, magnetization, losses and demagnetization. Analytical expressions, which provide limited accuracy but allow fast calculations, are used for this purpose. The results illustrate the different trade-offs that arise during the design of a synchronous electric motor using trapped-flux magnets.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Two-photon scanned light sheet fluorescence microscopy with axicon imaging for fast volumetric imaging
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Chi-Hon Lee, Bi-Chang Chen, Sheng-Ping L. Hwang, and Po-Yen Lin
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Paper ,three-dimensional imaging ,Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy ,Materials science ,Biomedical Engineering ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Axicon ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Optics ,Two-photon excitation microscopy ,law ,Microscopy ,Animals ,two-photon microscopy ,Depth of field ,light sheet fluorescence microscopy ,Image resolution ,Zebrafish ,Lenses ,business.industry ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Lens (optics) ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Light sheet fluorescence microscopy ,business - Abstract
Significance: Two-photon microscopy has become the standard platform for deep-tissue fluorescence imaging. However, the use of point scanning in conventional two-photon microscopy limits the speed of volumetric image acquisition. Aim: To obtain fast and deep volumetric images, we combine two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy (2p-LSFM) and axicon imaging that yields an extended depth of field (DOF) in 2p-LSFM. Approach: Axicon imaging is achieved by imposing an axicon lens in the detection part of LSFM. Results: The DOF with axicon imaging is extended more than 20-fold over that of a conventional imaging lens, liberating the synchronized scanning in LSFM. We captured images of dynamic beating hearts and red blood cells in zebrafish larvae at volume acquisition rates up to 30 Hz. Conclusions: We demonstrate the fast three-dimensional imaging capability of 2p-LSFM with axicon imaging by recording the rapid dynamics of physiological processes.
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- 2021
34. ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПОТОКІВ БРАЖНОЇ ТА ЕПЮРАЦІЙНОЇ КОЛОНИ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИРОБНИЦТВА РЕКТИФІКОВАНОГО ЕТИЛОВОГО СПИРТУ
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I. Riabova, L. Hariev, K. Gorbunov, and A. Hariev
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,стаття ,paper ,теплова інтеграція, ректифікаційна колона, мережа рекуперативних теплообмінників, енергоефективність, виробництво етилового спирту ,Environmental science ,Alcohol ,thermal integration, distillation column, network of recuperative heat exchangers, energy efficiency, ethyl alcohol production ,Pulp and paper industry ,Distillation ,law.invention - Abstract
Today, ethyl alcohol is widely used in many industries. Ethanol production processes from any organic matter often involve rectification, which is an energy-intensive process. The constant increase in the cost of energy leads to a significant growth of the cost of production. Reducing the unit energy consumption can solve a range of important issues: first, that of decreasing production cost, and secondly, that of nationwide dependence on external energy suppliers. A detailed analysis of the thermal energy potential of technological flows aimed at solving the problem of reducing energy consumption inspires the development of more energy-efficient solutions for organizing this processes. The search for alternative solutions demonstrates that one of the methods of reducing the unit energy consumption for ethanol production, in particular one that does not require a total restructuring of the production lines, is the method of integration of processes based on pinch analysis. The extraction of these technological flows was carried out on the basis of the regulatory documentation of the hardware-technological scheme of the centralized ethyl alcohol head fraction distillation plant and the energy audit report of that plant, which was carried out at one of the alcohol enterprises of Ukraine. A distillation and a purification column were selected from the centralized ethyl alcohol distillation plant for thermal integration of the existing process. The thermal and material balances of the ethyl alcohol head fraction distillation plant columns were calculated. To maximize the energy potential of the heat flows, the principles of pinch design were applied and a grid diagram of heat exchanger networks was designed. To maximize the recovery of thermal energy, the difference ΔTmin was set to - 3ºC. This led to the need to use energy-efficient heat exchange equipment. A significant reduction in the use of external utilities (by 48% for cold utilitie and by 38% for hot utilitie) for selected heat flows and a short payback period for the project (approximately three months) makes this solution viable., На сьогодні етиловий спирт є речовиною, використання якої поширено у багатьох галузях промисловості. Технологія виробництва етанолу з будь-якої органічної сировини найчастіше включає ректифікацію, яка є енергоємним процесом. Висока ціна енергоносіїв і постійне її зростання призводять до суттєвого збільшення вартості продукції. Зменшення питомих витрат енергії на одиницю продукції може вирішити комплекс питань: по-перше, зменшити собівартість продукції, по-друге, в масштабах держави, полегшити енергозалежність від зовнішніх постачальників енергії. Детальний аналіз енергетичного потенціалу технологічних потоків з метою вирішення задачі зменшення енерговитрат надихає на розробку більш енергоефективних рішень організації цього процесу. Пошук альтернативних рішень демонструє, що одним з методів зменшення питомих витрат енергії на виробництво етанолу, зокрема таким, що не потребує тотальної реконструкції виробництва, є метод інтеграції процесів, що базується на пінч-аналізі. Екстракція даних технологічних потоків була здійснена на основі регламентної документації апаратурно-технологічної схеми установки централізованої розгонки ГФЕС (головної фракції етилового спирту) та звіту з енергоаудиту даної установки, який був здійснений на одному з спиртових підприємств України. Для теплової інтеграції існуючого процесу, було обрано дві колони установки централізованої розгінки етилового спирту :бражну та епюраційну. Були розраховані тепловий та матеріальний баланси цих колон установки ГФЕС. Для максимальної реалізації енергетичного потенціалу технологічних потоків, були використані принципи пінч-проектування та спроектовано сіткову діаграму. Для максимізації рекуперації теплової енергії було задано ΔТmin - 3ºС. Це призвело до необхідності використання енергоефективного теплообмінного обладнання. Суттєве зменшення використання зовнішніх утиліт (холодних на 48% та гарячих – на 38%) для обраних технологічних потоків та невеликий термін окупності проекту (близько трьох місяців) робить доцільним використання такого роду рішення проблеми.
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- 2021
35. A laser–plasma platform for photon–photon physics: the two photon Breit–Wheeler process
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G Pérez-Callejo, F C Salgado, Matthew Zepf, C. D. Murphy, C. Colgan, Y. Katzir, C. I. D. Underwood, Andreas Nürnberg, S. Bohlen, D Hollatz, S. J. Rose, H Harsh, Aaron Alejo, Christopher D. Gregory, Andreas Seidel, Kristjan Poder, Gianluca Sarri, M. J. V. Streeter, Jens Osterhoff, R. Watt, F. Roeder, S. Astbury, C Roedel, Sven Steinke, G. M. Samarin, John J. L. Morton, J. Hinojosa, P. W. Hatfield, Michael Campbell, B. Kettle, Alexander Thomas, P. P. Rajeev, Christopher Spindloe, E. Gerstmayr, C. D. Baird, Dominik Dannheim, Simon Spannagel, Stuart Mangles, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), Commission of the European Communities, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Photon ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Physics::Optics ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,ENERGY ,COLLIDER ,Two-photon excitation microscopy ,Physics in General ,law ,pixel ,strong field ,Focus on Strong Field Quantum Electrodynamics with High Power Lasers and Particle Beams ,photon-photon ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,two-photon ,Physics ,02 Physical Sciences ,QED ,collimator ,photon ,Breit–Wheeler ,wake field ,LIGHT ,Physical Sciences ,beam ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,Breit–Wheeler process ,Paper ,accelerator ,Fluids & Plasmas ,Physics, Multidisciplinary ,Other Fields of Physics ,bremsstrahlung ,photon–photon ,Nuclear physics ,Breit-Wheeler ,0103 physical sciences ,photon photon ,ddc:530 ,010306 general physics ,plasma ,laser–plasma ,Breit–Wheele ,Science & Technology ,hybrid ,scattering ,silicon ,Plasma ,laser-plasma ,Laser ,calibration ,Accelerators and Storage Rings ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph] ,laser ,Pair production ,pair production ,nonlinear ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,LWFA - Abstract
We describe a laser-plasma platform for photon-photon collision experiments to measure fundamental quantum electrodynamic processes such as the linear Breit-Wheeler process with real photons. The platform has been developed using the Gemini laser facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. A laser wakefield accelerator and a bremsstrahlung convertor are used to generate a collimated beam of photons with energies of hundreds of MeV, that collide with keV x-ray photons generated by a laser heated plasma target. To detect the pairs generated by the photon-photon collisions, a magnetic transport system has been developed which directs the pairs onto scintillation-based and hybrid silicon pixel single particle detectors. We present commissioning results from an experimental campaign using this laser-plasma platform for photon-photon physics, demonstrating successful generation of both photon sources, characterisation of the magnetic transport system and calibration of the single particle detectors, and discuss the feasibility of this platform for the observation of the Breit-Wheeler process. The design of the platform will also serve as the basis for the investigation of strong-field quantum electrodynamic processes such as the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler and the Trident process, or eventually, photon-photon scattering. We describe a laser–plasma platform for photon–photon collision experiments to measure fundamental quantum electrodynamic processes. As an example we describe using this platform to attempt to observe the linear Breit–Wheeler process. The platform has been developed using the Gemini laser facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. A laser Wakefield accelerator and a bremsstrahlung convertor are used to generate a collimated beam of photons with energies of hundreds of MeV, that collide with keV x-ray photons generated by a laser heated plasma target. To detect the pairs generated by the photon–photon collisions, a magnetic transport system has been developed which directs the pairs onto scintillation-based and hybrid silicon pixel single particle detectors (SPDs). We present commissioning results from an experimental campaign using this laser–plasma platform for photon–photon physics, demonstrating successful generation of both photon sources, characterisation of the magnetic transport system and calibration of the SPDs, and discuss the feasibility of this platform for the observation of the Breit–Wheeler process. The design of the platform will also serve as the basis for the investigation of strong-field quantum electrodynamic processes such as the nonlinear Breit–Wheeler and the Trident process, or eventually, photon–photon scattering.
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- 2021
36. Fast 3D super-resolution imaging using a digital micromirror device and binary holography
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Bingxu Chen, Jialong Chen, Shih-Chi Chen, and Zhiqiang Fu
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Paper ,Aperture ,Computer science ,binary holography ,Holography ,Biomedical Engineering ,law.invention ,Digital micromirror device ,Biomaterials ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Optics ,fluorescence imaging ,law ,Image resolution ,Lighting ,three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy ,Microscopy ,business.industry ,Digital imaging ,Frame rate ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Lens (optics) ,Deconvolution ,business ,Algorithms - Abstract
Significance: High-speed three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution microscopy is a unique tool to investigate various biological phenomena; yet the technology is not broadly adopted due to its high cost and complex system design. Aim: We present a compact, low-cost, and high-speed 3D structured illumination microscopy (SIM) based on a digital micromirror device and binary holography to visualize fast biological events with super-resolution. Approach: The 3D SIM uses a digital micromirror device to generate three laser foci with individually controllable positions, phases, and amplitudes via binary holography at the back aperture of objective lens to form optimal 3D structured patterns. Fifteen raw images are sequentially recorded and processed by the 3D SIM algorithm to reconstruct a super-resolved image. Results: Super-resolution 3D imaging at a speed of 26.7 frames per second is achieved with a lateral and axial resolution of 155 and 487 nm, which corresponds to a 1.65- and 1.63-times resolution enhancement, respectively, comparing with standard deconvolution microscopy. Conclusions: The 3D SIM realizes fast super-resolution imaging with optimal 3D structured illumination, which may find important applications in biophotonics.
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- 2021
37. Optimization of in vivo Cherenkov imaging dosimetry via spectral choices for ambient background lights and filtering
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Rongxiao Zhang, David J. Gladstone, Xu Cao, Brian W. Pogue, Daniel A. Alexander, Rachael L. Hachadorian, Petr Bruza, and Mahbubur Rahman
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Paper ,Infrared Rays ,Image quality ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Biomedical Engineering ,Signal-To-Noise Ratio ,patient imaging ,Imaging ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Optics ,law ,Humans ,Cherenkov emission ,Specular reflection ,Emission spectrum ,Radiometry ,Optical filter ,Cherenkov radiation ,ambient light ,Physics ,CMOS sensor ,Phantoms, Imaging ,business.industry ,Optical Imaging ,Spectral bands ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,spectral filtering ,business ,Light-emitting diode - Abstract
Significance: The Cherenkov emission spectrum overlaps with that of ambient room light sources. Choice of room lighting devices dramatically affects the efficient detection of Cherenkov emission during patient treatment. Aim: To determine optimal room light sources allowing Cherenkov emission imaging in normally lit radiotherapy treatment delivery rooms. Approach: A variety of commercial light sources and long-pass (LP) filters were surveyed for spectral band separation from the red to near-infrared Cherenkov light emitted by tissue. Their effects on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Cherenkov to background signal ratio, and image artifacts were quantified by imaging irradiated tissue equivalent phantoms with an intensified time-gated CMOS camera. Results: Because Cherenkov emission from tissue lies largely in the near-infrared spectrum, a controlled choice of ambient light that avoids this spectral band is ideal, along with a camera that is maximally sensitive to it. An RGB LED light source produced the best SNR out of all sources that mimic room light temperature. A 675-nm LP filter on the camera input further reduced ambient light detected (optical density > 3), achieving maximal SNR for Cherenkov emission near 40. Reduction of the room light signal reduced artifacts from specular reflection on the tissue surface and also minimized spurious Cherenkov signals from non-tissue features such as bolus. Conclusions: LP filtering during image acquisition for near-infrared light in tandem with narrow band LED illuminated rooms improves image quality, trading off the loss of red wavelengths for better removal of room light in the image. This spectral filtering is also critically important to remove specular reflection in the images and allow for imaging of Cherenkov emission through clear bolus. Beyond time-gated external beam therapy systems, the spectral separation methods can be utilized for background removal for continuous treatment delivery methods including proton pencil beam scanning systems and brachytherapy.
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- 2021
38. Quantum Otto engines at relativistic energies
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Nathan M. Myers, Obinna Abah, and Sebastian Deffner
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Paper ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Dirac (software) ,Nuclear Theory ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Relativistic quantum mechanics ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Relativistic particle ,quantum heat engine ,Otto engine ,law ,Light cone ,0103 physical sciences ,Theory and Experiments from Classical to Quantum [Focus on Microscopic Engines and Refrigerators] ,010306 general physics ,Quantum thermodynamics ,Quantum ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Physics ,Quantum Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Quantum electrodynamics ,Endoreversible thermodynamics ,quantum thermodynamics ,relativistic quantum mechanics ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) - Abstract
Relativistic quantum systems exhibit unique features not present at lower energies, such as the existence of both particles and antiparticles, and restrictions placed on the system dynamics due to the light cone. In order to understand what impact these relativistic phenomena have on the performance of quantum thermal machines we analyze a quantum Otto engine with a working medium of a relativistic particle in an oscillator potential evolving under Dirac or Klein-Gordon dynamics. We examine both the low-temperature, non-relativistic and high-temperature, relativistic limits of the dynamics and find that the relativistic engine operates with higher work output, but an effectively reduced compression ratio, leading to significantly smaller efficiency than its non-relativistic counterpart. Using the framework of endoreversible thermodynamics we determine the efficiency at maximum power of the relativistic engine, and find it to be equivalent to the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency., 22 pages, 8 figures
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- 2021
39. Preliminary evaluation of Solstice® PF as a replacement carrier solvent for Australian fingermark detection
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Jemmy T, Bouzin, Amanda A, Frick, Georgina, Sauzier, and Simon W, Lewis
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Paper ,Carbodiimides ,Fluorocarbons ,Indans ,Australia ,Solvents ,Ninhydrin ,Indicators and Reagents ,Amino Acids ,Dermatoglyphics ,Law ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
HFE-7100 is a routine carrier solvent in amino acid-sensitive fingermark detection reagents such as ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione/zinc chloride (IND/Zn). However, a potential EU ban on hydrofluoroethers may require reformulation of these treatments worldwide. Solstice® PF has shown promise as a replacement for HFE-7100 in the United Kingdom. However, the performance (and hence optimal formulation) of IND/Zn is impacted by differences in climate and substrate composition, necessitating assessments under local conditions for different regions. We present a series of preliminary investigations in an Australian context, using the IND/Zn formulation used by Australian forensic service providers. The general performance of Solstice® PF-based IND/Zn was comparable to that using HFE-7100 on three substrate types, three ageing periods (1, 7 and 30 days) and 5 donors. However, slight differences in colour and luminescence intensity, as well as increased ink diffusion, suggest chemical interactions with other reagent components that may affect stability. Specifically, Solstice® PF-based reagent formed a precipitate within a month of storage, though this did not affect performance over a 4 month period. HFE-7100-based IND/Zn was found to be marginally more effective than Solstice® PF when applied to incidental fingermarks. These results indicate that Solstice® PF is a satisfactory alternative carrier solvent to HFE-7100 in an Australian context, though users should be aware of possible limitations regarding compatibility with other evidence components (particularly inks) and shelf-life.
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- 2022
40. Multimodal 3D photoacoustic remote sensing and confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging
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Brendon S. Restall, Matthew T. Martell, Roger J. Zemp, Nathaniel J. M. Haven, and Pradyumna Kedarisetti
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Paper ,Materials science ,Optical sectioning ,Confocal ,Biomedical Engineering ,photoacoustic ,01 natural sciences ,Imaging phantom ,law.invention ,Photoacoustic Techniques ,010309 optics ,Biomaterials ,absorption-contrast ,Confocal microscopy ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Microscopy ,Fluorescence microscope ,Photoacoustic spectroscopy ,Remote sensing ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Spectrum Analysis ,Resolution (electron density) ,optics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,confocal ,cell nuclei ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Remote Sensing Technology ,fluorescence ,3D - Abstract
Significance: Complementary absorption and fluorescence contrast could prove useful for a wide range of biomedical applications. However, current absorption-based photoacoustic microscopy systems require the ultrasound transducers to physically touch the samples, thereby increasing contamination and limiting strong optical focusing in reflection mode. Aim: We sought to develop an all-optical system for imaging cells and tissues using the three combined imaging modalities: photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS), epifluorescence, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Approach: A PARS subsystem with ultraviolet excitation was used to obtain label-free absorption-contrast images of nucleic acids in ex vivo tissue samples. Co-integrated epifluorescence and CLSM subsystems were used to verify the 2D and 3D nuclei distribution. Results: Complementary absorption and fluorescence contrast were demonstrated in phantom imaging experiments and subsequent cell and tissue imaging experiments. Lateral and axial resolution of ultraviolet-PARS (UV-PARS) is shown to be 0.39 and 1.6 μm, respectively, with 266-nm light. CLSM lateral and axial resolution was measured as 0.97 and 2.0 μm, respectively. This resolution is sufficient to image individual cell layers with fine optical sectioning. UV-PARS images of cell nuclei are validated in thick tissue using CLSM. Conclusions: Multimodal absorption and fluorescence contrast are obtained with a non-contact all-optical microscopy system for the first time and utilized to obtain images of cells and tissues with subcellular resolution.
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- 2021
41. Optical fibers for endoscopic high-power Er:YAG laserosteotomy
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Ferda Canbaz, Katja Nuss, Azhar Zam, Lina M. Beltrán Bernal, Niklaus F. Friederich, Philippe C. Cattin, Salim E Darwiche, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
Paper ,optical fiber ,zirconium fluoride fiber ,Optical fiber ,Materials science ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biomedical Engineering ,2204 Biomedical Engineering ,Lasers, Solid-State ,3107 Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,minimally invasive laserosteotomy ,Biomaterials ,deep bone ablation ,law ,Fiber laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics ,germanium oxide fiber ,Aluminum Oxide ,medicine ,Electronic ,Animals ,Fiber ,Optical and Magnetic Materials ,sapphire fiber ,General ,Optical Fibers ,Endoscopes ,hollow-core silica waveguide ,Sheep ,Laser ablation ,business.industry ,Attenuation ,2502 Biomaterials ,laser ablation of bone ,2504 Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Ablation ,Laser ,10226 Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Optoelectronics ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Laser Therapy ,and Optics ,business ,Er:YAG laser - Abstract
Significance: The highest absorption peaks of the main components of bone are in the mid-infrared region, making Er:YAG and CO2 lasers the most efficient lasers for cutting bone. Yet, studies of deep bone ablation in minimally invasive settings are very limited, as finding suitable materials for coupling high-power laser light with low attenuation beyond 2 μm is not trivial. Aim: The first aim of this study was to compare the performance of different optical fibers in terms of transmitting Er:YAG laser light with a 2.94-μm wavelength at high pulse energy close to 1 J. The second aim was to achieve deep bone ablation using the best-performing fiber, as determined by our experiments. Approach: In our study, various optical fibers with low attenuation (λ=2.94 μm) were used to couple the Er:YAG laser. The fibers were made of germanium oxide, sapphire, zirconium fluoride, and hollow-core silica, respectively. We compared the fibers in terms of transmission efficiency, resistance to high Er:YAG laser energy, and bending flexibility. The best-performing fiber was used to achieve deep bone ablation in a minimally invasive setting. To do this, we adapted the optimal settings for free-space deep bone ablation with an Er:YAG laser found in a previous study. Results: Three of the fibers endured energy per pulse as high as 820 mJ at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The best-performing fiber, made of germanium oxide, provided higher transmission efficiency and greater bending flexibility than the other fibers. With an output energy of 370 mJ per pulse at 10 Hz repetition rate, we reached a cutting depth of 6.82±0.99 mm in sheep bone. Histology image analysis was performed on the bone tissue adjacent to the laser ablation crater; the images did not show any structural damage. Conclusions: The findings suggest that our prototype could be used in future generations of endoscopic devices for minimally invasive laserosteotomy.
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- 2021
42. Automatic quantitative analysis of structure parameters in the growth cycle of artificial skin using optical coherence tomography
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Ruihang Zhao, Yakun Ge, Mingen Xu, Han Tang, Chen Xu, and Ling Wang
- Subjects
Paper ,Skin Neoplasms ,Microscope ,Materials science ,Interface (computing) ,Biomedical Engineering ,Surface finish ,Artificial skin ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Optical coherence tomography ,law ,Microscopy ,medicine ,Surface roughness ,Humans ,General ,artificial skin ,Skin ,Skin, Artificial ,optical coherence tomography ,adaptive interface detection ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,roughness model ,Tomography ,Algorithms ,Tomography, Optical Coherence ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Significance: Artificial skin (AS) is widely used in dermatology, pharmacology, and toxicology, and has great potential in transplant medicine, burn wound care, and chronic wound treatment. There is a great demand for high-quality AS product and a non-invasive detection method is highly desirable. Aim: To quantify the constructure parameters (i.e., thickness and surface roughness) of AS samples in the culture cycle and explore the growth regularities using optical coherent tomography (OCT). Approach: An adaptive interface detection algorithm is developed to recognize surface points in each A-scan, offering a rapid method to calculate parameters without constructing OCT B-scan pictures and further achieving realizing real-time quantification of AS thickness and surface roughness. Experiments on standard roughness plates and H&E-staining microscopy were performed as a verification. Results: As applied on the whole cycle of AS culture, our method’s results show that during the air–liquid culture, the surface roughness of the skin first decreases and then exhibits an increase, which implies coincidence with the degree of keratinization under a microscope. And normal and typical abnormal samples can be differentiated by thickness and roughness parameters during the culture cycle. Conclusions: The adaptive interface detection algorithm is suitable for high-sensitivity, fast detection, and quantification of the interface with layered characteristic tissues, and can be used for non-destructive detection of the growth regularity of AS sample thickness and roughness during the culture cycle.
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- 2021
43. Time-of-flight and noise-correlation-inspired algorithms for full-field shear-wave elastography using digital holography
- Author
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Gabrielle Laloy-Borgna, Sybille Facca, Amir Nahas, Stefan Catheline, Agathe Marmin, Sylvain Gioux, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-INBS-0006,FLI,France Life Imaging(2011), ANR-10-IDEX-0002,UNISTRA,Par-delà les frontières, l'Université de Strasbourg(2010), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Paper ,elastography ,Computer science ,Biomedical Engineering ,Holography ,noise-correlation ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Imaging ,010309 optics ,Biomaterials ,Speckle pattern ,Signal-to-noise ratio ,quantitative ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Medical imaging ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Phantoms, Imaging ,Stiffness ,transient elastography ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,Elasticity Imaging Techniques ,Elastography ,medicine.symptom ,Transient elastography ,Artifacts ,Algorithm ,shear-wave ,Digital holography ,Algorithms - Abstract
Significance: Quantitative stiffness information can be a powerful aid for tumor or fibrosis diagnosis. Currently, very promising elastography approaches developed for non-contact biomedical imaging are based on transient shear-waves imaging. Transient elastography offers quantitative stiffness information by tracking the propagation of a wave front. The most common method used to compute stiffness from the acquired propagation movie is based on shear-wave time-of-flight calculations. Aim: We introduce an approach to transient shear-wave elastography with spatially coherent sources, able to yield full-field quantitative stiffness maps with reduced artifacts compared to typical artifacts observed in time-of-flight. Approach: A noise-correlation algorithm developed for passive elastography is adapted to spatially coherent narrow or any band sources. This noise-correlation-inspired (NCi) method is employed in parallel with a classic time-of-flight approach. Testing is done on simulation images, experimental validation is conducted with a digital holography setup on controlled homogeneous samples, and full-field quantitative stiffness maps are presented for heterogeneous samples and ex-vivo biological tissues. Results: The NCi approach is first validated on simulations images. Stiffness images processed by the NCi approach on simulated inclusions display significantly less artifacts than with a time-of-flight reconstruction. The adaptability of the NCi algorithm to narrow or any band shear-wave sources was tested successfully. Experimental testing on homogeneous samples demonstrates similar values for both the time-of-flight and the NCi approach. Soft inclusions in agarose sample could be resolved using the NCi method and feasibility on ex-vivo biological tissues is presented. Conclusions: The presented NCi approach was successful in computing quantitative full-field stiffness maps with narrow and broadband source signals on simulation and experimental images from a digital holography setup. Results in heterogeneous media show that the NCi approach could provide stiffness maps with less artifacts than with time-of-flight, demonstrating that a NCi algorithm is a promising approach for shear-wave transient elastography with spatially coherent sources.
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- 2021
44. Spatial frequency domain imager based on a compact multiaperture camera: testing and feasibility for noninvasive burn severity assessment
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Anthony J. Durkin, Jun Tanida, Adrien Ponticorvo, Rebecca A. Rowland, Keiichiro Kagawa, and Gordon T. Kennedy
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Paper ,Materials science ,genetic structures ,compound eye ,Multispectral image ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Optical Physics ,Imaging phantom ,Phantoms ,law.invention ,Imaging ,Biomaterials ,Mice ,Optics ,Band-pass filter ,law ,Opthalmology and Optometry ,multispectral imaging ,Animals ,diffuse optics ,Skin ,CMOS sensor ,thin observational module by bound optics ,business.industry ,Phantoms, Imaging ,Optical Imaging ,Compound eye ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Rats ,Lens (optics) ,Wavelength ,burn wounds ,spatial frequency domain imaging ,Feasibility Studies ,Spatial frequency ,sense organs ,business ,Burns - Abstract
Significance: Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a wide-field imaging technique that provides quantitative maps of tissue optical properties. We describe a compact SFDI imager that employs a multispectral compound-eye camera. This design enables simultaneous image acquisition at multiple wavelengths. Such a device has potential for application for quantitative evaluation of superficial tissues by nonspecialists in low-resource settings. Aim: The aim of this work was to develop a compact SFDI imager for widefield imaging of in-vivo tissue optical properties and verify its ability to measure optical properties of tissue-simulating phantoms and in a preclinical model of burn wounds. Approach: This compound-eye imager was constructed using a CMOS sensor subdivided into multiple regions, each having a bandpass filter and objective lens. The ability of the instrument to image optical properties was compared with (1) a commercial SFDI imager and (2) a laboratory-based system. Initial validation of ability to accurately characterize optical properties was performed using a tissue-simulating optical phantom. It was then applied to an established murine model of thermal contact burn severity. In-vivo measurements of the optical properties of rat skin were performed before and after the application of burns. Histology was used to verify burn severity. Results: Measurements of the tissue-simulating phantom optical properties made using the compound-eye imager agree with measurements made using the two comparison SFDI devices. For the murine burn model, the burns showed a decrease in the reduced scattering coefficient at all measurement wavelengths compared with preburn measurements at the same locations. This is consistent with previously reported changes in scattering that occur in full-thickness burns. Conclusion: We demonstrate the potential for SFDI to be translated into compact form factor using a compound-eye camera that is capable of obtaining multiple wavelengths channels simultaneously.
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- 2021
45. Biological approach in deinking of waste paper using bacterial cellulase as an effective enzyme catalyst
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Ayman A. Ghfar, T. Indumathi, P. Senthil Kumar, Mary Isabella Sonali J, Rita Jayaraj, Saravanan Govindaraju, and Veena Gayathri Krishnaswamy
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Paper ,Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Cellulase ,engineering.material ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Environmental Chemistry ,Hemicellulose ,Recycling ,Fiber ,Cellulose ,biology ,Bacteria ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Potassium nitrate ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Deinking ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,engineering ,biology.protein ,Degradation (geology) ,Ink - Abstract
Paper has become the basic elixir in everyone's activities and usage of paper has increased day by day, the waste generated by paper is also enormous. The primary source of paper is wood (tree) yet, waste paper is environmentally good and biodegradable; however, it is the primary source of deforestation. Current research aims to find an alternate way to recycle paper in the biological approach. Hence in our work, twelve cellulose-producing bacteria were isolated, out of which one bacterial strain proved to be the best. Cellulase enzyme was extracted and purified, and used for enzymatic de-inking of photocopy papers. The optimal conditions for cellulase synthesis were at 60 °C, glucose as the only carbon source, and potassium nitrate as the nitrogen source. The enzyme demonstrated excellent de-inking at a lower pulp consistency of 3% with a 20% enzyme dose. The cellulose and hemicellulose levels decreased, which can be attributed to fiber breaking. Further, the changes in the functional groups identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and the changes in the surface morphology of the pulp fibers were obtained using scanning electron microscope analysis.
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- 2021
46. Lung tissue phantom mimicking pulmonary optical properties, relative humidity, and temperature: a tool to analyze the changes in oxygen gas absorption for different inflated volumes
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Walter Messina, Andrea Pacheco, Konstantin Grygoryev, and Stefan Andersson-Engels
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Paper ,Absorption (acoustics) ,Materials science ,Capillary action ,Biomedical Engineering ,inflated volume ,Signal ,Imaging phantom ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,law ,Transmittance ,Humans ,alveolar structure ,Lung ,Controlled environment chamber ,Phantoms, Imaging ,Infant, Newborn ,Temperature ,Humidity ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Oxygen ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Special Section on Tissue Phantoms to Advance Biomedical Optical Systems ,gas spectroscopy ,lung phantom ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Significance: Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) enables noninvasive gas sensing in the body. It is developing as a tool for diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory conditions in neonates. Phantom models with relevant features to the clinical translation of GASMAS technology are necessary to understand technical challenges and potential applications of this technique. State-of-the-art phantoms designed for this purpose have focused on the optical properties and anthropomorphic geometry of the thorax, contributing to the source–detector placement, design, and optimization. Lung phantom mimicking the alveolar anatomy has not been included in the existent models due to the inherent complexity of the tissue. We present a simplified model that recreates inflated alveoli embedded in lung phantom. Aim: The goal of this study was to build a lung model with air-filled structures mimicking inflated alveoli surrounded by optical phantom with accurate optical properties (μa = 0.50 cm − 1 and μs′=5.4 cm−1) and physiological parameters [37°C and 100% relative humidity (RH)], and to control the air volume within the phantom to demonstrate the feasibility of GASMAS in sensing changes in pulmonary air volume. Approach: The lung model was built using a capillary structure with analogous size to alveolar units. Part of the capillaries were filled with liquid lung optical phantom to recreate scattering and absorption, whereas empty capillaries mimicked air filled alveoli. The capillary array was placed inside a custom-made chamber that maintained pulmonary temperature and RH. The geometry of the chamber permitted the placement of the laser head and detector of a GASMAS bench top system (MicroLab Dual O2 / H2O), to test the changes in volume of the lung model in transmittance geometry. Results: The lung tissue model with air volume range from 6.89 × 10 − 7 m3 to 1.80 × 10 − 3 m3 was built. Two measurement sets, with 10 different capillary configurations each, were arranged to increase or decrease progressively (in steps of 3.93 × 10 − 8 m3) the air volume in the lung model. The respective GASMAS data acquisition was performed for both data sets. The maximum absorption signal was obtained for configurations with the highest number of air-filled capillaries and decreased progressively when the air spaces were replaced by capillaries filled with liquid optical phantom. Further studies are necessary to define the minimum and maximum volume of air that can be measured with GASMAS-based devices for different source–detector geometries. Conclusions: The optical properties and the structure of tissue from the respiratory zone have been modeled using a simplified capillary array immersed in a controlled environment chamber at pulmonary temperature and RH. The feasibility of measuring volume changes with GASMAS technique has been proven, stating a new possible application of GASMAS technology in respiratory treatment and diagnostics.
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- 2021
47. Multiscale anisotropy analysis of second-harmonic generation collagen imaging of mouse skin
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Andre Khalil, XiangHua Han, Peter C. Brooks, and Karissa Tilbury
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Paper ,Diagnostic Imaging ,Optical fiber ,Integrin ,Biomedical Engineering ,anisotropy ,wavelets ,01 natural sciences ,cryptic epitope ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Biomaterials ,Mice ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,melanoma ,medicine ,Animals ,Fiber ,General ,Anisotropy ,Integrin binding ,Tumor microenvironment ,biology ,Chemistry ,Melanoma ,Second-harmonic generation ,medicine.disease ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy ,biology.protein ,Collagen ,Microscopy, Polarization ,second-harmonic generation ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Significance: Morphological collagen signatures are important for tissue function, particularly in the tumor microenvironment. A single algorithmic framework with quantitative, multiscale morphological collagen feature extraction may further the use of collagen signatures in understanding fundamental tumor progression. Aim: A modification of the 2D wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) anisotropy method was applied to both digitally simulated collagen fibers and second-harmonic-generation imaged collagen fibers of mouse skin to calculate a multiscale anisotropy factor to detect collagen fiber organization. Approach: The modified 2D WTMM anisotropy method was initially validated on synthetic calibration images to establish the robustness and sensitivity of the multiscale fiber organization tool. Upon validation, the algorithm was applied to collagen fiber organization in normal wild-type skin, melanoma stimulated skin, and integrin α10KO skin. Results: Normal wild-type skin collagen fibers have an increased anisotropy factor at all sizes scales. Interestingly, the multiscale anisotropy differences highlight important dissimilarities between collagen fiber organization in normal wild-type skin, melanoma stimulated, and integrin α10KO skin. At small scales (∼2 to 3 μm), the integrin α10KO skin was vastly different than normal skin (p-value ∼ 10 − 8), whereas the melanoma stimulated skin was vastly different than normal at large scales (∼30 to 40 μm, p-value ∼ 10 − 15). Conclusions: This objective computational collagen fiber organization algorithm is sensitive to collagen fiber organization across multiple scales for effective exploration of collagen morphological alterations associated with melanoma and the lack of α10 integrin binding.
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- 2021
48. Fiber-based photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with a dual-function 1050-nm interrogation source
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Matthew T. Martell, Roger J. Zemp, and Nathaniel J. M. Haven
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Paper ,Materials science ,genetic structures ,dual-modality ,Image quality ,Biomedical Engineering ,fiber-based ,photoacoustic ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Light scattering ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Biomaterials ,remote sensing ,Mice ,Optical coherence tomography ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Microscopy ,medicine ,Animals ,Photoacoustic spectroscopy ,Remote sensing ,optical coherence tomography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Spectrum Analysis ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,eye diseases ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Photodiode ,Interferometry ,Remote Sensing Technology ,Optical circulator ,sense organs ,0210 nano-technology ,Tomography, Optical Coherence - Abstract
Significance: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) offers depth-resolved imaging of optical scattering contrast but is limited in sensitivity to optical absorption. Dual-modality imaging combined with the noncontact absorption contrast of photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscopy can augment SD-OCT applications with specific molecular and functional contrasts in an all-optical, fiber-based platform. Aim: To develop a fiber-based multimodal PARS and SD-OCT imaging system, which efficiently uses a common 1050-nm light source for SD-OCT and PARS interrogation. Approach: PARS microscopy has predominantly utilized a 1310-nm interrogation light source to date. Hence, a recent dual-modality PARS and 1050-nm SD-OCT imaging system required three distinct wavelengths including a 532-nm PARS excitation, necessitating a free-space optical architecture with discrete subsystems. Here, we validate the first use of a 1050-nm interrogation wavelength for PARS. This enables the transition to fiber-based interferometry as is standard in modern SD-OCT systems, though infeasible with inclusion of an additional 1310-nm wavelength. PARS interrogation functionality is integrated using a broadband optical circulator. Results: Dual-modality imaging is demonstrated in carbon fiber phantoms and a mouse ear in vivo. SD-OCT provided a 4.5-μm lateral resolution, 8.8-μm axial resolution in air, and >101 dB of sensitivity, and PARS contributed 532-nm optical absorption contrast with a 47-dB SNR, and lateral and axial resolutions of 2.4 and 35 μm, respectively. Total interrogation power was reduced from 90% to 58% of the ANSI limit compared to a previous three-wavelength approach. Conclusions: Adapting PARS to use the 1050-nm SD-OCT light source for interrogation enabled implementation of a fiber-based dual-modality system configuration, with image quality maintained. This will facilitate development of potential applications demanding handheld, catheter-based, or endoscopic form factors.
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- 2021
49. Controlled release antimicrobial sachet prepared from poly(butylene succinate)/geraniol and ethylene vinyl alcohol coated paper for bread shelf-life extension application
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Phisut Naknaen, Nawadon Petchwattana, Kamonchai Cha-aim, Jakkid Sanetuntikul, and Chanikarn Suksri
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Paper ,Optical Phenomena ,Polymers ,Acyclic Monoterpenes ,Food spoilage ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Shelf life ,Biochemistry ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Structural Biology ,law ,Food Preservation ,Escherichia coli ,Food science ,Butylene Glycols ,Molecular Biology ,Essential oil ,Coated paper ,Chemistry ,Humidity ,General Medicine ,Bread ,Antimicrobial ,Controlled release ,Polybutylene succinate ,Steam ,Delayed-Action Preparations ,Polyvinyls ,Geraniol ,Bacillus subtilis - Abstract
This research aims to develop white bread shelf-life extension sachet with controlled release of antimicrobial agent prepared from multicomponent bio-based materials. The structure of antimicrobial sachet consists of two major parts i.e., controlled release part and active part. The first part produced from paper coated with ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH). The second one was an active part which produced from biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and geraniol essential oil blend. Inhibition clear zone test results showed that a suitable geraniol concentration, encapsulated in PBS, was 10 wt%. Based on the water vapor transmission test, coating paper with EVOH for three times (around 450 μm) was an optimal condition for the use as a controlled release part. Release test indicated that geraniol migration concentration increased with increasing the relative humidity (RH) in the package which correlated to the moisture liberated from bread slice. Shelf-life extension study informed that the spoilage of bread stored with antimicrobial sachet was delayed by more than three weeks. In summary, this antimicrobial sachet could be used in food shelf-life extension purpose which easily placed in any food container. This is an alternative way of food waste minimization.
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- 2021
50. Self-Circulation Oxygen-Hydrogen Peroxide-Oxygen System for Ultrasensitive Cathode Photoelectrochemical Bioassay Using a Stacked Sealed Paper Device
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Xiao Li, Letao Zhang, Hongmei Yang, Yan Zhang, Jinghua Yu, Haihan Yu, Lina Zhang, Shenguang Ge, and Jiajun Wang
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Paper ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Limit of Detection ,General Materials Science ,Electrodes ,Graphene oxide paper ,Photocurrent ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Equipment Design ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Electron acceptor ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemical Processes ,Cathode ,0104 chemical sciences ,Oxygen ,MicroRNAs ,chemistry ,Electrode ,Biological Assay ,0210 nano-technology ,Selectivity ,Biosensor ,Hemin - Abstract
In this work, a self-circulation oxygen-hydrogen peroxide-oxygen (O2-H2O2-O2) system with photogenerated electrons as fuel and highly active hemin monomers as operators was engineered for ultrasensitive cathode photoelectrochemical bioassay of microRNA-141 (miRNA-141) using a stacked sealed paper device. During the circulation, the photogenerated electrons from BiVO4/Cu2O photosensitive structures assembled on a reduced graphene oxide paper electrode first reduced the electron acceptors (dissolved O2) to H2O2, which was then catalytically decomposed by hemin monomers to generate O2 again. The regenerated O2 continued to be reduced, which made O2 and H2O2 stuck in the infinite loop of O2-H2O2-O2 accompanied by the fast consumption of photogenerated electrons, generating an amplified photocurrent signal. When a target existed, a duplex-specific nuclease-induced target recycling reaction with dual trigger DNA probes as the output was performed to initiate the assembly of bridge-like DNA nanostructures, which endowed the self-circulation system with dual destruction functions as follows. (i) Reduced fuel supply: the assembled DNA bridges acting as a negatively charged barrier prevented the photogenerated electrons from participating in the O2 reduction to H2O2. (ii) Incapacitation of operators: DNA bridging induced the dimerization of hemin monomers linked on the DNA hairpins to catalytically inactive hemin dimers, leading to the abortive regeneration of O2. These destruction functions resulted in the circulation interruption and a remarkably decreased photocurrent signal. Thus, the developed cathode photoelectrochemical biosensing platform achieved ultrasensitive miRNA-141 detection with a linear range of 0.25 fM to 1 nM and a detection limit of 83 aM, and it also exhibited high accuracy, selectivity, and practicability.
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- 2021
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