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In the world of virtual reality, it becomes quite difficult for the recipient of information to understand how much the image he uses, created in media reality, corresponds to the phenomenon of social reality, of which it is a reflection. The construction of media reality in the media is of particular interest for research in the field of sociology, cultural studies, psychology, linguistics, advertising, PR. The study of the genesis of media reality in the paradigm of mass media is the basis for identifying the main trends in the development of communication science. Of interest is the interdependence of the agenda and the means of influencing consumers of information used in the media. The relevance of the work is associated with the understanding that the construction of media reality turns into a media process. The allocation of priority information in the media stream becomes problematic: the consciousness of the recipient is significantly overloaded the individual does not have time to analyze the information received, but only gives him a superficial emotional assessment. The article analyses mass media materials that reflect the agenda and affect the construction of media reality. The practical significance of the study of the potential of mass media in the construction of media reality is to identify priority topics for the agenda of publications that affect the consumer of information content.

This study aims to determine the role of journalists in socializing money waqf. This study use qualitative research. The role of journalism is a certain set of behaviors caused by a journalist (journalist) who collects, manages, writes, edits data, so as to produce information or news, whose information is about daily events, periodically using existing mass media facilities. In role theory explains that the role is a point of view insociologyandsocial psychology which assumes that most daily activities are carried out by socially defined categories. Journalism plays an important role in disseminating messages or news to the public with the aim of disseminating something that is considered important to the community. The role of journalism in disseminating cash waqf to the public is as follows:agents of reform, social control tools, public educators, information providers, broadening horizons of thought, focusing attention, fostering aspirations, creating a constructive atmosphere, acting as a bridge, being able to recognize social norms, being able to cultivate tastes andable to change a weak attitude into a stronger attitude.

Batam City Class II Child Prison is a place where children who commit criminal acts are sanctioned by imprisonment or are referred to as assisted residents. A place like this is definitely far from adequate educational facilities. Starting from the limited number of coaches in the institution to the difficulty of children receiving education heoretically. In carrying out the Tridharma of Higher Education, the Communication Studies Study Program sees that the existing situation needs attention. The academics need to feel like they are involved in the prison's assisted children to provide guidance on media literacy, especially in the field of journalism and writing news that focuses on becoming a citizen journalism or citizen journalism. In addition to being able to add insights and education for assisted residents at the Class II Child Prison in Batam City, this guidance also contributes to the world of journalism practitioners. Citizen journalism or citizen journalism is an alternative solution to limited resources and events beyond the reach of the mass media. Community involvement to participate in documenting an event that occurred in this environment can add complete information about important events to be known by the wider community. The material for writing news is carried out by introducing journalism to the community of Binaa first. In the first meeting, those who are interested in participating in the activity will be selected as many as 10-20 assisted residents. Furthermore, they will receive intensive news writing training for 3 to 4 meetings. As well as making sure they can write with news or just information properly and correctly according to journalistic principles. This coaching activity will be carried out around September-October 2017.

The article considers the experience of using case study method in the sphere of journalism education. This method is focused on building analytical skills of future editors. The author points out that case study method helps to adopt professional courses to the information market demands, updates the students’ need for searching development trajectories within their specializations.

In the article the media structure of Russian cities with over one million people is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the content analysis of city newspapers. The study was carried out in correlation between particularities and development conditions of megacities and media system. Statistics on the composition of population, economic, environmental, industrial, transport and other infrastructure indicators were taken in account. The research concept was based on modern approaches to urbanism and sociology of the city, taken as a complex of territorial, managerial, economic, socio-demographic and sociocultural perspectives. Informational and communicative components in the functioning of a modern city, especially a large one, were considered to be especially important. The study has analyzed the content and communicative peculiarities of city newspapers in 13 million-plus cities (excluding Moscow and St. Petersburg).The results of the study showed that the system and content structure of the press in million-plus cities corresponds to the role of megacities in the life of the country. It reflects the functional and infrastructural features of such cities, although some areas of life and problems (economic, environmental and social) are not sufficiently represented by newspapers. In general, newspapers are aimed to serve the leisure function, following the commercial paradigm of communication in general. Although there is reason to say that the structure of the content reflects not only the objective needs of the audience, but rather its interests. Newspapers tend to entertain rather than draw attention to solving important problems. At the same time, the possibilities of professional journalism, which has significant resources not only to keep readers' attention, but to maintain a high level of urban communication, solve urgent problems of the population and the primary tasks, megacities are facing as drivers in the implementation of national projects, are underestimated.

Crises are unavoidable which makes response an imperative matter. Thus, the proactive style becomes an indispensable part of the readiness and preparedness in any potential crisis and can help prevent it. Besides, the reactive style is still important to deal effectively with a crisis especially regarding its recovery. Proactive and reactive styles were needed by Palestinian Presidents due to the occurrence of various crises faced by them. This study examines both proactive and reactive styles used by the Palestinian Presidents leadership during crisis. Besides, it examines how the Palestinian Presidents used these styles to deal with different crises at different times. This study used content analysis on the news stories from the New Straits Times. A total of 313 stories from 1996 to 2016 pertaining to proactive and reactive styles used by Palestinian Presidents were found. The stories that included reactive style figured 67.7%, while the stories that included proactive style totaled 32.3%. For President Arafat, a total of 63% of the stories included reactive style compared to 37% of the stories that included proactive style. For President Abbas, a total of 78.4% of the stories contained reactive style compared to 21.6% that contained proactive style. Proactive style has been used only in political crises, while reactive style has been used in all crises. Providing various scenarios in dealing with crises allows other organizations and individuals to be initiative in dealing with any similar future crises. This study serves as a guideline for choosing proper prospective measures and responses to crises.

This article focuses on the forced transformation of the mass media as an institution in new authoritarian states. It aims to understand the methods used by theses states to control and manipulate the flux of news through the mass media. Turkey’s media system has been chosen as a case study because the recent political developments in the country offer worrisome und devastating examples. This article aims to answer to the following question: How can we classify methods and strategies used by the AKP government to capture the media in Turkey? Why and how do the methods used by the AKP government differ from those applied by previous governments? To answer to these questions, the article draws on media capture as a framework of analysis. It argues that the AKP captured the media by using new strategies which can be divided into three overlapping and interconnected categories: capture by creating its own private media, capture through financial sanctions, and capture by intimidating and criminalizing journalists.

For over 25 years, college radio stations have been operating in academic institutions in Israel. This article explores the main milestones in the development of college radio in Israel; the proces...

The article deals with the world theoretical and practical approaches to the development of urban journalism and examines the practical aspects of the functioning of this field in the media industry. The practical experience of Western colleagues in creation of urban content is identified, examples of successful implementation of local and hyperlocal journalistic projects aimed at producing a quality information product and solving important social problems of local communities are analyzed.The relevance of the topic can be explained by the need to reflect some of the recent changes that have taken place in Ukrainian cities under the influence of different political, historical, social and cultural aspects. The subject field of urban science combines research in the fields of sociology, demography, economics, geography, philosophy, psychology, history and cultural studies. Mass media play an important role in this process, which in the classical sense is the role of mediators between the authorities and the local people.In the process of study general scientific methods of comparison, synthesis, analysis and induction were used. With the help of comparison, it became possible to understand the difference between world urban journalism practice and Ukrainian one, as well as estimate the peculiarities of editorial approaches to development of new journalism formats, and their potential in the context of audience engagement. Synthesis method, which involves combination of the main theses on the basis of common thematic orientation helped to outline the main themes and problems presented in the articles of Ukrainian and British web-sites. With the help of analysis method, the main features and concepts of the editorial policy of the urban projects were investigated and the problematic field of the publications was outlined. The method of induction was used to analyze subjective statements of the blog authors, their single experience that was extended to the general practice of perceiving the image of certain cities by the reader. We also used a descriptive method to depict how Ukrainian cities are presented in the materials of the Ukrainian Week website and the method of content monitoring with the aim to develop the array of journalism articles and find out additional information about the authors.Ukrainian urban resources, as well as European ones, predominantly operate online, due to economic and technological factors. It is noted that modern communication technologies enrich the perception of the urban discourse. City websites serve to “minimize” the official agenda and become “city researchers” and “guides” in various areas of urban life. The thematic spectrum of the “Cities” (The Guardian), “We Love Brussels,” “Skyscraper,” “The Village Ukraine” websites is presented in the work, the strategies of content creation are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the thematic variability of the websites, which reflects the diversity of urban life. The media development of the city was studied on the example of the "Ukrainian Week" magazine. The Private Urban Studies blog mainly contains amateur materials that present the authors’ reflections on life in metropolitan and peripheral cities. Such journalistic projects contribute to the creation of urban discourse and the formation of urban identity.

ObjectivePromotional media coverage of early detection tests is an important driver of overdiagnosis. Following research evidence that global media coverage presents the benefits of testing healthy people far more frequently than harms, and gives little coverage to overdiagnosis, we sought to examine journalists’ views on media reporting of tests, overdiagnosis, and strategies to improve critical reporting on tests.DesignQualitative study using semistructured telephone interviews. Interviews were conducted between February and March 2020 and were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Framework thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Participants and settingTwenty-two journalists (mainly specialising in health reporting, average 14.5 years’ experience) based in Australia.ResultsThis sample of journalists acknowledged the potential harms of medical tests but felt that knowledge of harms was low among journalists and the public at large. Most were aware of the term overdiagnosis, but commonly felt that it is challenging to both understand and communicate in light of strong beliefs in the benefits of early detection. Journalists felt that newsworthiness in the form of major public health impact was the key ingredient for stories about medical tests. The journalists acknowledged that factors, like the press release and ‘click bait culture’ in particular, can influence the framing of coverage about tests. Lack of knowledge and training, as well as time pressures, were perceived to be the main barriers to critical reporting on tests. Journalists felt that training and better access to information about potential harms would enable more critical reporting.ConclusionsEffectively communicating overdiagnosis is a challenge in light of common beliefs about the benefits of testing and the culture of current journalism practices. Providing journalists with training, support and better access to information about potential harms of tests could aid critical reporting of tests.

With a growing number of people moving away from traditional sources of information providers, towards new online sources, it has become evident that the agenda setting and gatekeeping functions of the past have been altered. Due to such alteration, it can be said that the profession of information dissemination has all but evaporated into a cesspool of opinion that has been framed to uphold the viewpoints of a particular ideology. While most studies to date have been effective in highlighting the alteration of agenda-setting and gatekeeping, this paper attempts to focus on the shift in such practices, away from traditional mass media institutions, to a new form of media through the practices of networked journalism. In order to demonstrate the following, this paper uses the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election as a case study. Tweets from traditional mass media institutions, new media institutions (such as thought opinion leaders), and the public are collected and examined in relation to information dissemination, via topic coverage. An analysis of these tweets confirms such shift in agenda-setting and gatekeeping, where the powers of information dissemination move away from traditional mass media institutions, towards a model of information that is dependent upon the public and its engagement of such information. This study is part of a larger body of research on the twenty-first century phenomenon of publicly sourced information dissemination in the networked society. In focusing on the shift that is occurring within society, this study will contribute to future publications on a similar topic

Decades of research overwhelmingly supports the public health necessity of safe, balanced, and responsible news media reporting on suicide.1,2 When news media follow recommendations for safe reporting, the risk of copycat suicide decreases.3 The Recommendations for Media Reporting on Suicide were developed by leading experts in suicide prevention and in collaboration with several international suicide prevention and public health organizations, schools of journalism, media organizations, and key journalists, as well as Internet safety experts (www.reportingonsuicide.org). The recommendations are based on more than 100 international studies on suicide contagion. Furthermore, in recent years, Niederkrotenthaler and others have specifically examined suicide-related media portrayals focused on messages of hope, recovery, or mastery over a crisis. Research demonstrates that following such portrayals, those exposed experience a decrease in suicidal ideation, diminished distress, and an increased sense of hope.4,5 Importantly, in some cases, fewer suicides are observed across the exposed population.1 In other words, both suicide and resilience are contagious behaviors, and the content of suicide-related news media messaging can and does prevent tragic deaths.

This essay introduces the special issue entitled Reporting Globalwhile being local: Local sources of news for distant audiences. Itdiscusses the rationale behind this special issue’s focus on localnewsworkers who contribute their labour to international news-reporting and reviews research conducted on the work andworking conditions of these newsworkers to date. The article thengoes on to describe the articles that appear in the special issue.

The purpose of this article is to discuss whether the phenomenon of 'fake news' is a new concept that has arisen with the emergence of information and communication technologies or is a previous term that has taken more force recently. First of all, in order to achieve this purpose, a definition of fake news is sought through a review of the existing literature on this topic. Secondly, a brief historical note is made about the phenomenon that serves as an introduction to the case studies that are explained in the present article. The investigation of the fake news phenomenon is analysed in the case studies in two different countries, Romania and Spain, and specific cases of each of them are explained. Finally, a brief reflection on the Internet, fake news and the new generations is made. The article concludes with some recommendations to deal with fake news such as promoting legal measures, returning to the basic values of journalism or collaboration between different institutions to achieve a better informed world.

The article studies the specifics of corporate mediacriticism in the context of the activity of a closed network journalist group. In such a local professional environment, mediacriticism arises as a reaction to the acute moments that happen in journalism. The corporate barrier appears to be a powerful deterrent to the development of professional mediacriticism and is seen as a specific feature of corporate mediacriticism. The effect of this deterrent is due to the lack of investigation of this kind of mediacriticism. In our research we rely on the works of Russian scientists Alexander Korochensky, Volodymyr Greenfeld and Ukrainian researcher, mediacritic Otara Dovzhenko.Monitoring posts with a mediacritical component allowed focusing on problem areas of the profession. Among the most important problems, there is low professionalism, violations of professional ethics, relations with authoritative structures, etc. Consequently, the awareness of these problems leads to such complicated moments of journalistic activity as professional responsibility in the face of society, the fear of public identification of their own mistakes, and so on. At the same time, the monitoring revealed positive trends in the activity of a regional journalist, which are connected with the formation of a protection mechanism against the oppression of authoritative structures.Journalists’ discussion of problem areas of their own activity testifies to the relevance of corporate mediacriticism as a professional response to the quality of journalistic work. Instead of that, the development of corporate mediacriticism is extremely slow because of the “closed nature” of professional communities. “Open” platforms for the public display of corporate mediacriticism are implemented on the pages of professional media (Detector Media, MediaSapiens), sites of specialized institutions (Institute of Mass Media, Mediacriticism), etc. But this is not enough for the wide Ukrainian media space. As a result, we propose the creation of open mediacritical platforms for professional dialogue, including the regional level.

Natural disasters often lead to social change, and the changes of structural society often lead to post-disaster conflicts in the community. When a natural disaster occurs, the mass media became one of the main elements that preach it to the outside world through a text message. Meanwhile the news is the result of social construction that always involving views, ideologies and values. Construction performed by mass media does not take place in an empty space, but it is loaded with interests especially for the news of conflict, because it contains a high value news. This study aimed to determine the focus on post disaster situations on Kompas news, and how Kompas taking up the post-conflicts on Padang earthquake within community through text message construction. This study is focused on the news text in the Kompas Daily that contains post-earthquake conflict during October, 2009, and will be analyzed using critical discourse analysis of Teun Van Dijk's three levels of analysis methods. Seen from the analysis result of post-disaster conflict news text that occurred in Padang, the post- disaster conflict news had conducted by Kompas daily with a great caution. News themes of conflict that rose were not presented the opinion of both parties who are in conflict in the same text news. From the social analysis of this research, conflicts regarding to natural disaster relief as happened as in West Sumatra were included in the conflict caused by aspirations differences between parties, which led to negative attitudes and perceptions to other party. While the result of social cognition analysis of Kompas, found that Kompas�s past experiences lead them for applying cautious crab-syle journalism, especially in the conflict review. Also, the presence of Standardization Language team (BP) who standardize the language, makes the language style used by Kompas become more delicate and polite. In the earthquake disaster that occurred in Padang, the conflict was happened vertically, between the community and government caused by the unequal distribution of aids. Although, conflicts are often caused by the process of social change are not equally experienced by people in the community structure, the social changes experiencing by the post-disaster community are caused by unexpected pressure beyond human capability as well as the factor of interest that reprensent the survival instinct. But apparently behind the process of social change that led to conflict, post-disaster conflict was caused by the society attempts to get back the mode of production due to the changing mode of production caused by natural disasters. This effort makes a vertical conflict that leads to collective actions such as protests against the policies of aid distribution that deemed unfair. From everything described above, in the writing of news of post-natural disaster conflict in Padang, Kompas perform commodification of news of post-natural disaster conflict through news construction. Kompas is look like to participate in reporting the circumstances of natural disaster in Padang, considering the reputation a great National Day that is held by Kompas, which resulted in the circulation and advertising revenue of Kompas Daily.

There is an increasing amount written on the decline of professional journalism around the world. One of the factors that are used to illustrate the decline of journalism is the interaction and collaboration between journalists and public relations (PR) practitioners in the production of mass media news content. On a theoretical and conceptual level, the aims and goals of the two professions are quite different, even though there are a number of superficial similarities between these forms of mass communication. Studies of the interaction between journalism and PR in the United States reveal a certain underlying tension, yet simultaneous mutual dependency. An indicative survey was conducted across different cities in the Russian Federation to understand the perception of professional journalists and PR practitioners on the current level of interaction between their professions. The answers were remarkably similar and reveal a deep concern for the direction of journalism, which many viewed as being subordinated to PR.

In 2009-2017 years E.A. Baranova talked with journalists, editors and top managers of Russian media companies on topics related to the development of media convergence in the newsrooms of Russia mass media. During these years, 86 respondents from 30 media companies were interviewed. Analysis of empirical data and conceptual comprehension of a wide range of works, as well as personal experience in the media allowed the author to conclude that the media convergence process associated with the constant increase in information flows; development of user generated content and the blogosphere; journalism transformation as a types system of professional activity; economic difficulties faced by many media companies leads toreduction of literacy rate for journalists, an incensement number of spelling and stylistic errors in the mass media. The article also presents an analysis of errors in the texts of print and broadcast media. The purpose of the article is to present the problem situation and actualize the need for the subsequent comprehension of the problem of the fall of language media culture in the aspect of axiology.

‘Digital Amnesia’ as a result of the dependence of Internet users is considered in this article on the example of students’ mass media audience. The empirical basis for this article was formed by the results of sociological research obtained by the authors in the framework of the project ”Digitalization of communicative-cultural memory and the problems of its intergenerational transmission” conducted in 2018–2020. Young people in the digital age not only face drastic changes in media practices but also the development of factors affecting the formation of communicative-cultural memory of various societies representatives. This makes it possible to identify some methods of preserving the role of the most important social institution by journalism, as well as the formation of meaningful components of mass media activity under conditions of permanent social and technological transformation. Several conclusions have been drawn from the system analysis. Firstly, the need to introduce the notion of ‘functional media literacy’ into the theory of communication. Secondly, it is possible to overcome digital amnesia by increasing the number of multimedia products of mass media of various subjects. As an example, the Russian Digital project ”1968”, created specifically for smartphones and addressed primarily to the generation Y. evoked a wide public response, and this project offers a method to present and promote specific events, facts and phenomena in the form of multimedia stories. The use of the project materials in university pedagogical practice is one of the most effective ways of interaction with a young audience. Thirdly, the study confirms the hypothesis that a method of information selection focused on sensationalism, discontinuity and conflict is not typical for students as consumers of media products. For most of this demogrpahic, the mass media act as a cognitive and ideological phenomenon that primarily assumes a dialogical relationship between the communicator and communicants. This allows us to conclude that digital amnesia as a form of psychological dependence arises in representatives of this audience group most often when the media discourse lacks intellectual and emotional involvement. The study was carried out with the financial support of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 19-18-00264 in the framework of the scientific project ”Digitalization of communicative-cultural memory and problems of its intergenerational transmission”.

La COVID-19 ha sido una oportunidad de mejora en la docencia de la asignatura de Responsabilidad Social en la UFV. La urgente necesidad de que los medios de comunicación informen con veracidad ha adquirido mayor relevancia durante la pandemia y eso es algo que ha de aprenderse ya desde la Universidad. La formación en valores como la ética y la justicia social de los estudiantes de periodismo también puede hacerse a través del aprendizaje-servicio en línea. Se procede a hacer un descriptivo de la asignatura, así como su adaptación curricular por el confinamiento utilizando nuevos recursos. Realizamos un análisis cualitativo, mediante Atlas.ti sobre el material producido por los estudiantes, para mostrar cómo estos se han convertido en agentes de cambio social. La principal consecuencia es el aumento significativo del grado de responsabilidad social del universitario durante la pandemia mediante formas de comunicación diferentes a las habituales. La pandemia ha supuesto una oportunidad para replantear la asignatura y ha enriquecido la experiencia del universitario en la búsqueda de soluciones colaborativas y de ayuda, reforzando su compromiso social con el bien común a través de las nuevas tecnologías. COVID-19 has been an opportunity to improve the teaching of Social Responsibility at the UFV. The pandemic has increased the urgency of trustworthy mass media and that is something to be taught at University. Training in values such as ethics and social justice for journalism students can also be done through online service-learning. We proceed to make a description of the subject, as well as its curricular adaptation using new resources due to confinement. We carry out a qualitative analysis, applying Atlas.ti on the material produced by the students, to show how they have become agents of social change. The main consequence is the significant increase in the degree of social responsibility of the university student during the pandemic through different forms of communication from the usual ones. The pandemic has provided an opportunity to rethink the subject and has enriched the experience of the university student in the search for collaborative solutions and help, reinforcing their social commitment to the common good through on line learning.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:39:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Sources of information are a key part of the news process as it guides certain topics, influencing the media agenda. The goal of this study is to examine the most frequent voices on vaccines in the Portuguese press. A total of 300 news items were analysed via content analysis using as sources two newspapers from 2012 to 2017. Of all the articles, 97.7% included a source (n = 670). The most frequent were governmental organisations, professional associations and the media. Less frequent sources were university scientists, governmental scientific bodies, consumer groups, doctors, scientific companies, NGOs and scientific journals. Most articles used only non-scientific sources (n = 156). A total of 94 articles used both categories and 43 used exclusively scientific sources. Our findings support the assertion that media can be an instrument to disseminate information on vaccines. Nevertheless, despite being present in most articles, the number of sources per article was low, therefore not presenting a diversity of opinions and there was a lack of scientific voices, thus suggesting lower quality of the information being offered to the audience. Univ Fed Bahia, Inst Collect Hlth, BR-40110040 Salvador, BA, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Res Grp Commun Hlth & Educ, BR-18618686 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Commun & Media Studies, Madrid 28903, Spain Univ Almeria, Hlth Res Ctr, Almeria 04120, Spain Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Res Grp Commun Hlth & Educ, BR-18618686 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

This chapter begins by describing the climate of heroic hopefulness surrounding the emergence of social media: that it would democratise the sources of information available to the public and put an end to the stifling and self-interested processes by which professional mass media robbed the people of a truthful worldview. Matters did not turn out like that, but even so social media brought great benefits, as well as great curses, to the public discourse. One of the greatest benefits was its capacity to provide eye-witnesses to events in real time and on a scale that was unimaginable under pre-digital conditions. One of its greatest curses was that it unleashed on the public a chaotic mass of material the provenance of which was not only dubious but in some cases directly damaging to democratic processes. The professional mass media initially joined in this Babel but gradually came to realise that it could play a complementary role by exerting the disciplines of journalism upon it. The Wikileaks War Logs case is used to illustrate this complementarity. That case showed that if professional mass media were to verify social media material, minimise foreseeable harms from it, assess its public interest and provide context, it could vastly enlarge the public’s knowledge of what was happening in the world. Social media also exerted a degree of accountability on the media that was unprecedented. While this was healthy in principle, in practice it exposed journalists—especially female journalists—to trolling that was often misogynistic and sometimes violent. Professional mass media also had to negotiate a relationship with social media such that consumers of professional mass media could be sure that accepted journalistic standards had been applied to material they published. And it had to do this in circumstances where social media platforms had drained much of the financial lifeblood from newspapers, radio and television. The chapter concludes with an argument that healthy democracy needs both social and professional mass media, but that optimal benefits will only accrue to society when the relationship has reached a greater degree of maturity than it has so far.

Effective crisis communication response through using the proper strategies is critical to cope with crises and to protect the reputation and existence of the involved parties. Usually, aviation accidents receive great attention from the media and the public. Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17) which was shot down over eastern Ukraine on 17 July 2014 during its scheduled flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur received global attention. This attention was due to the involvement of several countries either at the level of the countries of victims or the countries accused of the attack. Image repair theory proposed by William Benoit, the widely used in crisis communication response was implemented in this study. The Russian response to the international accusation, especially from the Western world on supporting the attackers of MH17 has been examined in this study. This study implemented both quantitative and qualitative content analysis to achieve its aims. A total of 306 news stories from the online New Straits Times newspaper Website from the years 2014 to 2019 were analysed. A total of 191 strategies were included in 123 news stories since some stories combined more than a strategy. Out of 191 strategies, 43.5% were simple denial, followed by shift the blame and attack accuser with 35.1% and 21.5% respectively. The results revealed that the image repair effort by Russia was effective and successful. Keywords: Crisis communication, image repair, MH17, response strategies, Russia

Public interest journalism has faced a longstanding funding crisis, cutbacks of staff and resources, and closures of newsrooms. This crisis is a critical public health concern, and it has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the pandemic has highlighted the important roles played by public interest journalism – including in addressing health equity issues. The pandemic has also highlighted the need to address structural weaknesses in the media industry, with concentration of media ownership and underfunding of public broadcasters leading to many communities being under-served and under-represented. The public health sector can make important contributions to developing and sustaining a robust, public interest journalism sector. Public health professionals and organisations can advocate for policy reform to support public interest journalism, and incorporate consideration of public interest journalism into advocacy, education, research and practice.

Since March 11, the world has been experiencing a pandemic of Sars-Cov-2, the new coronavirus, which emerged in China in late December 2019 and causes the COVID-19 disease. Pandemics are characterized by pathogen's ability of emerging or re-emerging across geographical boundaries, simultaneously affecting a large number of people around the world, due to the sustained transmission in humans. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed in real time the dissemination of different types of information about it and strategies used to contain the rate of virus contamination. Our main goal in this study is to analyze the discursive production of the Brazilian journalistic media about vertical isolation as a supposed scientific strategy, and to demonstrate how that has been used in the denialist approach adopted by the Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro. The research was carried out on the Google platform, using the following descriptors: coronavirus and herd immunity; coronavirus and the Imperial College herd immunity strategy; vertical isolation; Bolsonaro and vertical isolation. Thirty-six articles were selected for a qualitative analysis besides the original article by David L. Katz (published in The New York Times), where he claims the creation of the vertical confinement strategy. All documents of the analytical corpus are open and free of charge. The articles were submitted to discursive analysis and the main results shows that Brazilian media highlighted Bolsonaro's proposal of vertical isolation and amplified his pandemic denial and eugenics policies The mass media vehicles play a central role in the dissemination of information and should commit to the publication of reliable and trustworthy information, as well as to objectively situate the areas of knowledge of the specialists whose opinions are being published.

The study of the quality press and the use of sources is relevant to understand the role of journalists in scientific controversies. The objective was to examine media sourcing patterns, using the case of vaccines as a backdrop. Articles were retrieved from the national quality press in Spain. Content analysis was undertaken on the sources and on other variables such as tone, frames and journalistic genre. The software myNews and NVivo were used for data collection and coding, while SPSS and Excel were used for statistical analysis. Findings indicate that sources related to the government, professional associations and scientific companies are the most frequently used, confirming the central role of government institutions as journalistic sources. These were followed by university scientists, scientific journals and clinicians. On the other hand, NGOs and patients groups were included in fewer than 5% of the articles. More than 30% included none or just one source expressing unbalanced perspectives. Frequent use of certain source types, particularly governmental, may indicate state structures of power. The study provides a better understanding of journalistic routines in the coverage of vaccines, including fresh perspectives in the current COVID-19 pandemic.

The fight against COVID-19 since January 2020 has become the top priority of more than 200 countries. In order to offer solutions to eradicate this global pandemic, the scientific community has published hundreds of articles covering a wide range of areas of knowledge. With the aim of synthesizing these publications, academics are resorting to bibliometric analyses from the perspectives of the disciplines such as biology, medicine, socioeconomics and tourism. Yet no bibliometric analysis has explored the diffuse and little-known growth of COVID-19 scientific publications in the field of environmental studies. The current study is the first of this type to fill this research gap. It has resorted to SciMAT software to evaluate the main topics, authors and journals of publications on the subject of COVID-19 combined with environmental studies spanning the period between 1 December 2019 and 6 September 2020. The search yielded a collection of 440 articles published in scientific journals indexed on by Web of Science and Scopus databases. These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The results of the current study therefore offer an agenda for future research and constitute a starting point for academics in the field of environmental studies to evaluate the effects of COVID-19., Highlights • A bibliometric analysis of publications on COVID-19 and the environment. • Evaluation of 440 articles between 1 December 2019 and 6 September 2020. • The co-citation analysis reveals the most promising themes, subtopics and outlets. • The article advances an agenda for future research on COVID-19 and the environment. • Information professionals should disseminate the findings to gain credibility.