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Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to determine an appropriate size of paper-making reconstituted tobacco, three kinds of tobacco sheets with different sizes were made. Its moisture retention performance and hygroscopicity were analyzed and its cutting performance was evaluated. The processing performance of the pipe tobacco on the silk processing line was studied, and then the pipe tobacco was applied to the cigarette products for comparative analysis of sensory quality. The results showed that there was no significant difference in moisture retention performance and hygroscopicity among three kinds of tobacco sheets, but the water absorption and water loss rate of small-sized tobacco sheets were slightly faster. The whole cutting rate of small-sized tobacco sheets decreased slightly, and the shredding rate increased slightly, but the difference between medium-sized and small-sized tobacco sheets was not obvious. The blending uniformity of finished pipe tobacco blended with small-sized tobacco sheets was better, the filament winding and caking were reduced, the crushing in the processing process was reduced, and the physical index of the cigarette in the rolling process was stable, which could reduce the consumption of pipe tobacco to a certain extent. The cigarette samples blended with small-sized tobacco sheets had lower smoke irritation and improved aroma texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main demand side of rural financial services, farmers' cooperatives are an important part of China's rural finance. However, due to the lack of effective collateral, farmers' cooperatives have problems such as difficulty in obtaining loans or expensive loans, which not only hinder the high-quality development of farmers' cooperatives, but also limit the development of regional rural finance. Digital credit as a new financing model can effectively alleviate the problems of difficult and expensive loans and has received wide attention from the government and academia. Based on this, this paper analyzes the digital credit behavior of farmers' cooperatives in detail by applying the "6C" family model to the grounded theory, and constructs a theoretical analysis model of farmers' cooperatives' digital credit behavior. The findings are as follows: The motivation for the digital credit of farmers' cooperatives is that the credit procedures are simple, the loan period is short, and the loan interest rate is low; the condition is the farmers' cooperative reputation advantage and government policy support,; the main form is the participation of cooperatives in short- and long-cycle digital credit; and the consequence is reflected in increasing the income of cooperative members, improving the availability of cooperative loans, promoting cooperative credit building, and achieving sustainable agricultural development. Different participation motivations have different effects on the form of credit. When motivated by simple credit procedures and short loan periods, farmers' cooperatives choose "Huinong e-loan"; when motivated by simple procedures and low loan interest rates, farmers' cooperatives choose "Funong Loan". Different forms of credit will produce different performances. Farmers' cooperatives choosing "Huinong e-loan" will produce economic performance; farmers' cooperatives choosing "Funong Loan" will produce economic performance and social performance. In order to deal with the problem of digital credit of farmers' cooperatives, the government needs to improve the relevant policies and regulations, reduce credit risks, and establish a sound credit system to provide credit guarantees for cooperatives and farmers. Financial institutions need to improve their financial services and innovate financial products and services to meet the multi-level credit needs of cooperatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian & Latin American Economic History is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper "Consumer choices under new payment methods" suggests a payment portfolio model that includes new payment methods that have emerged from the development of cryptocurrency markets and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). The 35th issue of Financial Innovation (FIN), Volume 8, No.5 (2022) presents 19 papers contributed by authors and co-authors from sixteen countries and areas: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Iran, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Taiwan, Türkiye, Tunisia and USA. The paper "Predicting cash holdings using supervised machine learning algorithms" implies that with more advanced algorithms, considerable improvements are observed with a maximum of 42% improvement in RMSE values. [Extracted from the article]

This document discusses the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in promoting growth and development in emerging economies. It acknowledges that FDI can have both positive and negative effects, but overall it is seen as a vital tool for economic acceleration. The document highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global FDI patterns, particularly in emerging economies. It introduces a special issue that includes eight papers examining various aspects of FDI inflows and outflows in the context of COVID-19. The papers cover topics such as the factors influencing FDI, the effects of the pandemic on FDI, and the relationship between FDI and economic growth. The document concludes by expressing gratitude to the reviewers and editors involved in publishing the special issue. [Extracted from the article]