4,410 results
Search Results
2. Opinion Paper : Optimised paediatric antiretroviral treatment to achieve the 95-95-95 goals: Opinion Paper : Special Collection: UNAIDS Targets for 2030
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Archary, Moherndran, van Zyl, Riana, Sipambo, Nosisa, and Sorour, Gillian
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paediatric ,HIV/AIDS ,ART ,95-95-95 goals ,PMTCT - Abstract
While the progress towards reaching the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in South African adults seems promising, the progress in the paediatric population is lagging far behind; only 79% percent of children living with HIV know their status. Of these, only 47% are on treatment, and a mere 34% of those are virally suppressed. Thus, virological suppression has been attained in only 13% of children living with HIV in South Africa. Multiple factors contribute to the high treatment failure rate, one of them being a lack of paediatric-friendly antiretroviral treatment (ART) formulations. For example, the Lopinavir/ritonavir syrup, which is the current mainstay of ART for young children, has an extremely unpleasant taste, contributing to the poor tolerability and lack of adherence by children using the formulation. Furthermore, the lack of appropriate formulations limits the optimisation of regimens, especially for young children and those who cannot swallow tablets. Switching from syrups to dispersible tablets will improve ease of administration and adherence and result in cost-saving. Despite the approval of simplified paediatric-friendly formulations internationally, including other sub-Saharan African countries, unnecessary delays are experienced in South Africa. Clinician groups and community organisations must speak up and demand that approvals be expedited to ensure the delivery of life-changing and life-saving formulations to our patients as a matter of urgency.
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- 2023
3. Implementation of an Islamic Approach to Harm Reduction Among Illicit Drug Users in Malaysia
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Bin Shaikh Mohd Salleh, Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, Kamali, Mohammad Hashim, editor, Bakar, Osman, editor, Batchelor, Daud Abdul-Fattah, editor, and Hashim, Rugayah, editor
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- 2016
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4. Immune Response Enhancement Strategy via Hybrid Control Perspective
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Chang, Hyuk-Jun, Astolfi, Alessandro, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Maler, Oded, editor, Halász, Ádám, editor, Dang, Thao, editor, and Piazza, Carla, editor
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- 2015
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5. Unravelling the experiences of incarcerated individuals living with HIV on ART: a qualitative study in Ghanaian prisons
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Abraham, Susanna Aba, Cudjoe, Obed, Nartey, Yvonne Ayerki, Agyare, Elizabeth, Annor, Francis, Tawiah, Benedict Osei, Nyampong, Matilda, Owusu, Kwadwo Koduah, Abdulai, Marijanatu, Addo, Stephen Ayisi, and Obiri-Yeboah, Dorcas
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- 2024
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6. Prevalence of HIV among inmates in four states of north India: findings from the 16th round of HIV sentinel surveillance
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Jha, Shreya, Kant, Shashi, Thakur, Nishakar, Kumar, Pradeep, Rai, Sanjay, Haldar, Partha, Kardam, Priyanka, Misra, Puneet, Goswami, Kiran, and Rajan, Shobini
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- 2023
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7. Researchers from Makerere University Detail New Studies and Findings in the Area of HIV/AIDS (Unifying of social work with faith-based communities in combating HIV-related stigma: paper for social work).
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A recent study conducted by researchers from Makerere University in Uganda explores the role of social work and faith-based communities in combating HIV-related stigma. The researchers emphasize that stigma is a major factor contributing to the spread of HIV and AIDS and argue that integrating social work skills and knowledge with religious organizations and communities can help address this issue. They highlight the importance of political actions, religious influence, societal engagement, social dynamics, and openness in combating stigma and assisting prevention efforts. The researchers also emphasize the role of religious leaders in using their authority and trust within their communities to make a significant impact on the HIV and AIDS epidemic. They suggest that engaging community members and church leaders can contribute to effective program planning and development resources to address stigma. The study concludes by encouraging social workers to focus on the formation of support groups, faith-based peer education, counseling, and support services to provide social, emotional, and spiritual support to individuals affected by HIV and AIDS and associated stigma. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
8. Implementation strategies to screen, refer and link women involved in the carceral system to PrEP for HIV prevention
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Dauria, Emily, Rodriguez, Christopher, Bauerle Bass, Sarah, Tolou-Shams, Marina, and Christopoulos, Katerina
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- 2023
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9. Pilot randomised controlled trial of a patient navigation intervention to enhance engagement in the PrEP continuum among young Latino MSM: a protocol paper
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Kalina M. Lamb, David Rivera, Isaiah J. Jones, Aaron J. Blashill, Claudia Carrizosa, Martin Fuentes, Chii Dean Lin, John P. Brady, Sarah A. Rojas, Nicholas C. Lucido, Janna R. Gordon, Christian B. Ramers, Kristen J. Wells, Rosa A. Cobian Aguilar, and Kelsey A. Nogg
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,protocols & guidelines ,Anti-HIV Agents ,HIV & AIDS ,HIV Infections ,Pilot Projects ,preventive medicine ,quality in health care ,Men who have sex with men ,law.invention ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Patient Navigation ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Homosexuality, Male ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Preventive healthcare ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,public health ,Hispanic or Latino ,General Medicine ,Institutional review board ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Family medicine ,Medicine ,HIV/AIDS ,Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
IntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the most at-risk group for contracting HIV in the USA. However, the HIV epidemic impacts some groups of MSM disproportionately. Latino MSM comprise 25.1% of new HIV infections among MSM between the ages of 13 and 29 years. The daily medication tenofovir/emtricitabine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2012 and has demonstrated strong efficacy in reducing HIV acquisition.Methods and analysisThrough extensive formative research, this study uses a pilot randomised controlled trial design and will examine the feasibility and acceptability of a patient navigation intervention designed to address multiple barriers to improve engagement in the PrEP continuum among 60 Latino MSM between the ages of 18 and 29 years. The patient navigation intervention will be compared with usual care plus written information to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study methods and the intervention’s potential in improving PrEP continuum behaviours. The results will be reviewed for preparation for a future full-scale efficacy trial.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the institutional review board at San Diego State University and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The intervention development process, plan and the results of this study will be shared through peer-reviewed journal publications, conference presentations and healthcare system and community presentations.Registration detailsRegistered under the National Institutes of Health’s ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04048382) on 7 August 2019 and approved by the San Diego State University (HS-2017–0187) institutional review board. This study began on 5 August 2019 and is estimated to continue through 31 March 2021. The clinical trial is in the pre-results stage.
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- 2021
10. Social support on Reddit for antiretroviral therapy
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Ming, Yue
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- 2023
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11. Criminalization and capture strategies in the HIV/AIDS assemblage
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Rinaldi, Jen and Marques, Olga
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- 2020
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12. Development of social work in prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and HCV in Central Asia
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Stöver, Heino and Michels, Ingo Ilja
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- 2022
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13. Data on HIV/AIDS Described by Researchers at Sun Yat-sen University (Original Paper Uptake of an App-based Case Management Service for Hiv-positive Men Who Have Sex With Men In China: Process Evaluation Study).
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Keywords: Guangzhou; People's Republic of China; Asia; China; Drugs and Therapies; HIV/AIDS; Health and Medicine; Immune System Diseases and Conditions; Primate Lentiviruses; RNA Viruses; Retroviridae; Vertebrate Viruses; Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions EN Guangzhou People's Republic of China Asia China Drugs and Therapies HIV/AIDS Health and Medicine Immune System Diseases and Conditions Primate Lentiviruses RNA Viruses Retroviridae Vertebrate Viruses Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions 29 29 1 07/17/23 20230717 NES 230717 2023 JUL 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at AIDS Weekly -- Current study results on Immune System Diseases and Conditions - HIV/AIDS have been published. Keywords for this news article include: Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, Asia, Asia, China, Drugs and Therapies, HIV/AIDS, Health and Medicine, Immune System Diseases and Conditions, Primate Lentiviruses, RNA Viruses, Retroviridae, Vertebrate Viruses, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions, Sun Yat-sen University. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
14. The implementation of the SADC code on HIV/AIDS and employment in Mauritius: successes and prospects
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Mahadew, Roopanand
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- 2020
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15. New Data from University of Cape Town Illuminate Research in HIV/AIDS (Using qualitative study designs to understand treatment burden and capacity for self-care among patients with HIV/NCD multimorbidity in South Africa: A methods paper).
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HIV/AIDS, Health and Medicine, Immune System Diseases and Conditions, Primate Lentiviruses, RNA Viruses, Retroviridae, Vertebrate Viruses, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Health and Medicine; Immune System Diseases and Conditions; Primate Lentiviruses; RNA Viruses; Retroviridae; Vertebrate Viruses; Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions EN HIV/AIDS Health and Medicine Immune System Diseases and Conditions Primate Lentiviruses RNA Viruses Retroviridae Vertebrate Viruses Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions 36 36 1 04/24/23 20230424 NES 230424 2023 APR 24 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at AIDS Weekly -- Researchers detail new data in HIV/AIDS. Keywords for this news article include: University of Cape Town, HIV/AIDS, RNA Viruses, Retroviridae, Vertebrate Viruses, Health and Medicine, Primate Lentiviruses, Immune System Diseases and Conditions, Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Conditions. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
16. Behind prison walls: HIV vulnerability of female Filipino prisoners
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Palma, Diana M. and Parr, Jennifer
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- 2019
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17. Nutritional and health status of people living with HIV/AIDS in the eastern region of Ghana
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Apungu, Francis Kwotua, Apprey, Charles, Amewu, Emmanuel Kobla Atsu, Ahuno, Samuel Terkper, and Kwarteng, Alexander
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- 2020
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18. Outcomes of the “STEPS” HIV prevention training program for young males in the penitentiary institution, Ukraine
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Dauria, Emily, Tolou-Shams, Marina, Skipalska, Halyna, Bachmaha, Mariya, and Hodgdon, Sara
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- 2018
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19. An examination of consensual sex in a men’s jail
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Lea III, Charles Herbert, Gideonse, Theodore K., and Harawa, Nina T.
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- 2018
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20. The Pandemics of Mass Destruction: A Comparative Analysis of HIV/AIDS and Coronavirus (COVID-19).
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Kajiita, Robert Mutemi and Kang'ethe, Simon Murote
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PANDEMICS ,CORONAVIRUSES ,AIDS ,LITERATURE reviews ,ETIOLOGY of diseases ,CORONAVIRUS diseases - Abstract
Historically, humanity has suffered and endured deadly pandemics of varying mortality rates. Irrefutably, research shows that the outbreak of pandemics is flooded by mythical and fallacious information among the public, hence stifling the prevention, treatment, and management of diseases. This paper focused on comparing selected aspects of the two pandemics, that is, HIV/AIDS and Coronavirus. This comparative analysis is important for drawing informative lessons for effective response and management of pandemics in the future. Through a literature review analysis, the paper established that both pandemics have more similarities than distinctions. The etiology and epidemiology of the diseases assume a similar cascading trajectory; the public health information about the diseases is characterized by myths, conspiracy theories, illusions, and delusions from the public. The myths associated with pandemics prevail around causation, disease transmission, and cure. The pandemics present economic paradoxes, though arguably the negatives outdo the positives. There is a need for the governments and international health custodians to be richly prepared for the pandemics in the future. This implies having special budgetary allocations for possible pandemic outbreaks, investing in vaccine development and disease surveillance, and training and skilling personnel in all social-health-related sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Lotka’s Law and productivity patterns of authors in biomedical science in Nigeria on HIV/AIDS : A bibliometric approach
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Adigwe, Ifeanyi
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- 2016
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22. Patient navigators effectively support HIV-infected individuals returning to the community from jail settings
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Myers, Janet J., Koester, Kimberly A., Kang Dufour, Mi-Suk, Jordan, Alison O., Cruzado-Quinone, Jacqueline, and Riker, Alissa
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- 2017
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23. Hospital admissions for HIV-infected prisoners in Italy
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Pontali, Emanuele, Ranieri, Roberto, Rastrelli, Elena, Iannece, Maria Donata, Ialungo, Anna Maria, Dell’Isola, Serena, Liberti, Alfonso, Rosario, Pietro, Casati, Rodolfo, Starnini, Giulio, and Babudieri, Sergio
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- 2017
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24. Healthcare resources are inadequate to address the burden of illness among HIV-infected male prisoners in Malaysia
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Bick, Joseph, Culbert, Gabriel, Al-Darraji, Haider A., Koh, Clayton, Pillai, Veena, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, and Altice, Frederick
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- 2016
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25. The association of recent incarceration and health outcomes among HIV-infected adults receiving care in the United States
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Nasrullah, Muazzam, Frazier, Emma, Fagan, Jennifer, Hardnett, Felicia, and Skarbinski, Jacek
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- 2016
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26. An Exploratory Examination of Social Media Use and Risky Sexual Practices: A Profile of Women in Rural Appalachia Who Use Drugs
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Staton, Michele, Dickson, Megan F., Pike, Erika, Surratt, Hilary, and Young, Sean
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Male ,and promotion of well-being ,Social Work ,Social Psychology ,Sexual Behavior ,HIV Infections ,Rural Health ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Social media ,Substance Misuse ,Risk-Taking ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Humans ,Women offenders ,Original Paper ,Appalachian Region ,Prevention ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,Risky sex ,Good Health and Well Being ,Sexual Partners ,Infectious Diseases ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Injection drug use ,Public Health and Health Services ,HIV/AIDS ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Female ,Public Health ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) - Abstract
HIV/HCV risk behavior among women who use drugs is often exacerbated within high risk networks. The use of social media platforms such as Facebook to identify sex partners within these high-risk networks has not been examined among rural Appalachian women who use drugs. This paper provides an exploratory examination of Facebook use to identify sex partners among rural Appalachian women who use drugs, as well as associated risky sexual practices. Rural Appalachian women were randomly selected from two rural jails, consented, screened for eligibility (including drug use), and interviewed prior to jail release. Findings indicated that using Facebook to meet sex partners was associated with exchanging sex for drugs or money and having a male casual partner during the same time frame. These study findings suggest that the use of social media for high-risk sexual practices may provide a valuable platform for intervention delivery, particularly in resource-deprived areas where formal prevention and treatment services are limited.
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- 2022
27. Mapping Studies of Alcohol Use Among People Living with HIV/AIDS During 1990–2019 (GAPRESEARCH).
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Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Hien Thu, Vu, Thuc Minh Thi, Le Vu, Minh Ngoc, Vu, Giang Thu, Latkin, Carl A., Ho, Cyrus S. H., and Ho, Roger C. M.
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HIV-positive persons ,ALCOHOLISM ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis software ,DATA mining - Abstract
Alcohol drinking has long been reported to be common in people living with HIV/AIDS, having biological and behavioral impacts on the transmission, progression, and prevention of HIV/AIDS. A total of 7059 eligible articles and reviews published in English from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the WOS. Results show an increase in publication volume, while citations peak for papers published in 2006. Content analysis reveals a wide-ranging coverage of topics, with the most popular being effects of alcohol consumption on ART adherence and outcomes, alcohol-related sexual behaviors, TB co-infection, and psycho–socio-cultural considerations in examining and designing measures targeting alcohol use and interventions to reduce alcohol dependence in PLWHA. This calls for more active engagement of governments in research and in designing and implementing interventions, as well as collaborations and knowledge transfer from high-income countries to developing counterparts, to effectively address alcohol use-related issues in PLWHA, moving toward the HIV/AIDS eradication target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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28. Implementation of South Africa’s Central Chronic Medicine Dispensing and Distribution Program for HIV Treatment: A Qualitative Evaluation
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Laura M. Bogart, Zinhle Shazi, Sarah MacCarthy, Alexandra Mendoza-Graf, Nafisa J. Wara, Dani Zionts, Nduduzo Dube, Sabina Govere, and Ingrid V. Bassett
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Original Paper ,Social Psychology ,Social Stigma ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV Infections ,Focus Groups ,Ambulatory Care Facilities ,Antiretroviral therapy ,South Africa ,Infectious Diseases ,Differentiated service delivery ,HIV/AIDS ,Implementation science ,Humans ,Qualitative ,Qualitative Research - Abstract
We used the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model to evaluate implementation of South Africa's Central Chronic Medicine Dispensing and Distribution (CCMDD) program, a differentiated service delivery program which allows clinically stable HIV-positive patients to receive antiretroviral therapy refills at clinic- or community-based pick-up points. Across ten clinics, we conducted 109 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders (pick-up point staff, CCMDD service providers and administrators) and 16 focus groups with 138 patients. Participants had highly favorable attitudes and said CCMDD decreased stigma concerns. Patient-level barriers included inadequate education about CCMDD and inability to get refills on designated dates. Organizational-level barriers included challenges with communication and transportation, errors in medication packaging and tracking, rigid CCMDD rules, and inadequate infrastructure. Recommendations included: (1) provide patient education and improve communication around refills (at the patient level); (2) provide dedicated space and staff, and ongoing training (at the organizational/clinic level); and (3) allow for prescription renewal at pick-up points and less frequent refills, and provide feedback to clinics (at the CCMDD program level).
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- 2022
29. Transportation Barriers and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Sample of Middle-Aged and Older Adults Living with HIV in the Deep South
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Caitlin N. Pope, Despina Stavrinos, Pariya L. Fazeli, and David E. Vance
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Quality of life ,Adult ,Male ,Original Paper ,Aging ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Social Psychology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Transportation ,HIV Infections ,Middle Aged ,Health status ,United States ,Black or African American ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Humans ,Female ,Aged - Abstract
Access to reliable transportation is a social determinant of health imperative for disease management for those aging with HIV/AIDS. To what degree transportation barriers are associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in middle-aged and older people living with HIV (PWH) in the Deep South region of the United States is presently unknown. PWH (n = 261, age range = 39 to 73 years old, 80.1% African American, 64.4% male) were recruited from an academic medical center in the Deep South. Variables included sociodemographics, HIV characteristics, depressive symptoms, HRQOL, and perceived transportation barriers. Spearman rho correlations and linear regressions accounting for covariates were conducted. After accounting for covariates, greater perceived transportation barriers were associated with worse health perceptions, pain, social functioning, health distress, and health transitions. Access to reliable transportation is a key factor in improving health for PWH. Considerations for healthcare and traffic safety are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10461-021-03560-x.
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- 2022
30. Characterizing the Development of Research Landscapes in Substance Use and HIV/AIDS During 1990 to 2021.
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Tham Thi Nguyen, Hien Thu Nguyen, Huyen Phuc Do, Cyrus SH Ho, and Roger CM Ho
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HEALTH policy ,HIV infections ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,SERIAL publications ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL care ,HUMAN services programs ,QUALITY of life ,HEALTH care teams ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,POLICY sciences ,CONTENT analysis ,HIV ,AIDS ,MEDICAL research ,DATA mining - Abstract
Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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31. Treatment failure among Sub-Sahara African children living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Walle, Belete Gelaw, Tiruneh, Chalie Marew, Wubneh, Moges, Chekole, Bogale, Kassaw, Amare, Assefa, Yibeltal, Abebe, Kelemu, and Yigzaw, Zeamanuel Anteneh
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ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,HIV-positive persons ,HIV infections ,META-analysis ,DISEASE prevalence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,MEDICAL databases ,TREATMENT failure ,ONLINE information services ,DATA analysis software ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Antiretroviral treatment failure is a global issue, particularly in developing countries such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Prior research findings were highly variable and inconsistent across areas. As a result, the goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of treatment failure among children receiving antiretroviral medication in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: To find qualifying papers, we searched databases (such as PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library). The data were retrieved using Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA Version 14 for analysis. To check for publication bias, we employed Egger and Begg's regression tests. A random-effects model was used to assess the pooled prevalence of treatment failure due to high levels of variability. Results: Following the removal of duplicated articles and quality screening, a total of 33 primary articles were determined to be appropriate for inclusion in the final analysis for this study. Overall, the pooled prevalence of treatment failure among HIV-infected children was 25.86% (95% CI: 21.46, 30.26). There is great variety across the included studies, with the majority of them being conducted in Ethiopia. Cameroon had the greatest pooled prevalence of treatment failure among HIV-infected children, at 39.41% (95% CI: 21.54, 57.28), while Ethiopia had the lowest, at 13.77% (95% CI: 10.08, 17.47). Conclusions: The pooled estimate prevalence of treatment failure among HIV-infected children in Sub-Saharan Africa was high. The implementation of national and international policies and strategies on ART clinic care services should be given special focus in order to reduce treatment failure in children living with HIV/AIDS. Trial registration: The protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO database under the registration number CRD-429011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Seeking consensus on a play‐based intervention framework for promoting play of children with HIV/Aids in a low‐resourced setting: A Delphi study.
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Munambah, Nyaradzai, Ramugondo, Elelwani L., Collins, Tracy, and Cordier, Reinie
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CONSENSUS (Social sciences) , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *RESEARCH funding , *HIV-positive persons , *AIDS in children , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PLAY therapy , *SURVEYS , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *RESEARCH methodology , *DELPHI method , *DATA analysis software , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Introduction: Implementing occupation‐based practice in low‐resourced settings can be challenging especially when working with children with HIV/Aids whose daily occupation of play is often affected by their health condition and other contextual factors such as poverty or stigma. Aim: The aim of this paper is to obtain consensus from experts on the content and application of a play‐based intervention for children with HIV/Aids living in a low‐resourced setting. Methods: A Delphi study involving two rounds using an online survey format was conducted with experts from the field of child development, play and/or HIV/Aids. Consensus agreement was reached when at least 70% of Delphi experts rated each item at 3 or higher on a 5‐point Likert scale. Consumer and Community Involvement: This paper is part of a multi‐stage study that involved input and feedback from families of children who were born HIV/Aids, occupational therapists working with families of children with HIV/Aids, and input from local and international experts working with people with HIV/Aids. Results: Thirty‐seven experts completed the first round, and 35 completed the second round of the study. Consensus was achieved on the application of the Cooper's Model of Children's Play, techniques to be used and the structure of the intervention. Experts also agreed on the inclusion of a pre‐intervention workshop as part of the play‐based intervention. Discussion and conclusion: The consensus on the content and application of a play‐based intervention framework through a process of gaining expert perspectives provides confidence that the intervention planned to promote play for children with HIV/Aids living in low‐resourced settings is likely to be effective. Key Points for Occupational Therapy: Occupation‐based practice is challenging when working with children with HIV/Aids in low‐resourced settings.Consensus was achieved on the play‐based intervention's theoretical model, techniques to be used, and the structure.Consensus from experts provides confidence that the intervention planned is likely to be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. The influence of Lévy noise on the dynamical behavior of a stochastic HIV/AIDS model with vertical transmission.
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Ponmari, K., Senthilkumaran, M., and Pitchaimani, M.
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This paper examined the behavior of the HIV/AIDS epidemic stochastic model driven by both White Noise and Lévy jumps. Initially, we demonstrated that the stochastic model under consideration has one and only one positive solution which exists globally. Based on the analytical results on the model, we obtained the threshold parameters which are responsible for the eradication and the permanence of the disease. Finally, we verified our analytical results numerically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. HIV Risk Among Urban and Suburban People Who Inject Drugs: Elevated Risk Among Fentanyl and Cocaine Injectors in Maryland
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Noelle P. Weicker, Glenna Urquhart, Miles Morris, Jill Owczarzak, Ju Nyeong Park, Saba Rouhani, and Susan G. Sherman
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,Epidemiology ,HIV Infections ,Drug overdose ,Fentanyl ,Drug Users ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Cocaine ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous ,Cause of death ,Harm reduction ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Injection drug use ,HIV/AIDS ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Drug overdose remains a leading cause of death in the US, with growing rates attributable to illicit fentanyl use. Recent HIV outbreaks among people who inject drugs (PWID) and service disruptions from COVID-19 have renewed concerns on HIV resurgence. We examined the relationship between fentanyl use and three injection-related HIV risk behaviors among PWID in Baltimore City (BC) and Anne Arundel Country (AAC), Maryland. PWID (N = 283) were recruited to the study through targeted sampling at street-based locations in BC and AAC from July 2018 to March 2020. Receptive syringe sharing (RSS) [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-6.3] and daily injecting (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0-3.6) were associated with injecting fentanyl and cocaine together. Fentanyl availability and COVID-19 bring new HIV prevention challenges, particularly among those who inject fentanyl with cocaine, highlighting the importance to expand and sustain harm reduction, prevention, and treatment services for PWID to reduce HIV and overdose burden.
- Published
- 2021
35. Considerations for the Design of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Interventions for Women: Lessons Learned from the Implementation of a Novel PrEP Intervention
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Oni J. Blackstock, Jae Sevelius, Sarit A. Golub, Chinazo O. Cunningham, Suzan M. Walters, Amarachi R. Anakaraonye, Brianna L. Norton, and Joey Platt
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Pediatric AIDS ,Social Work ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,Cisgender women ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Psychological intervention ,HIV Infections ,Social Welfare ,Transgender Persons ,Pre-exposure prophylaxis ,Nursing ,Clinical Research ,Intervention (counseling) ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,Transgender women ,Drug use ,Pediatric ,Original Paper ,Prevention ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,United States ,Exchange sex ,Local community ,Needle-Exchange Programs ,Outreach ,Health psychology ,Mental Health ,Infectious Diseases ,Syringe service program ,Public Health and Health Services ,HIV/AIDS ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Female ,Public Health ,Psychology ,Transsexualism - Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among women in the United States has been low. To increase uptake, we developed a peer outreach and navigation PrEP intervention. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 32 cisgender women and 3 transgender women were conducted to assess the intervention. We used a thematic approach to identify barriers to, and facilitators of the intervention. Facilitators included interest in PrEP, offer of health and social services, the intervention's women-focused approach, and peer outreach and navigation. Barriers were perceived HIV risk, concerns about medication side effects or interactions, housing insecurity and travel, co-occurring health-related conditions, and caregiving responsibilities. We recommend that future interventions consider packaging PrEP in local community settings, such as syringe exchange programs; include services such as food and housing assistance; use peers to recruit and educate women; integrate a culturally appropriate women's focus; and consider providing same-day PrEP.
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- 2021
36. The Impact of COVID-19 on HIV Self-Management, Affective Symptoms, and Stress in People Living with HIV in the United States
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Rachel K. Wion and Wendy R. Miller
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,HIV Infections ,Stress ,Social support ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,Affective Symptoms ,Social isolation ,Psychiatry ,Pandemics ,Original Paper ,Self-management ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Self-Management ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,virus diseases ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Health psychology ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
COVID-19 has the potential to detrimentally impact HIV self-management in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Effective HIV-self management is critically important in managing symptoms as well as viral suppression. We examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV self-management, social support, social isolation, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress in PLHIV. 85 PLHIV were recruited from social media sites and completed an online survey. Data were collected between April 23 and 30, 2020. Participants reported increases in social isolation, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress and decreases in social support and overall HIV self-management from pre- to during the pandemic. Additionally, the Social Support domain and Chronic Nature of HIV domain of the HIV Self-Management Scale were also decreased from pre- to during the pandemic. The ability for PLHIV to maintain HIV self-management during this time is essential and HIV care providers should have plans in place to provide support. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10461-021-03335-4.
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- 2021
37. 'I had Made the Decision, and No One was Going to Stop Me' —Facilitators of PrEP Adherence During Pregnancy and Postpartum in Cape Town, South Africa
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Yolanda Gomba, Dvora Joseph Davey, Jackie Markt-Maloney, Nokwazi Tsawe, Pamina M. Gorbach, Linda-Gail Bekker, Kathryn Dovel, Thomas J. Coates, Landon Myer, Nyiko Mashele, and Lucia Knight
- Subjects
Pediatric AIDS ,Social Work ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Family support ,HIV prevention ,HIV Infections ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Medication Adherence ,Pre-exposure prophylaxis ,South Africa ,Clinical Research ,Pregnancy ,Postpartum ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical prescription ,Pediatric ,Original Paper ,Prevention ,Public health ,Postpartum Period ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,PrEP ,Health psychology ,Mental Health ,Infectious Diseases ,Family medicine ,Public Health and Health Services ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,Public Health ,Serostatus ,Psychology ,Postpartum period - Abstract
PrEP is safe and effective but requires adherence during potential HIV exposure, yet the facilitators of long-term maternal adherence are not well understood. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 postpartum women who reported high adherence (PrEP use ≥ 25 days in last 30-days and never missed a PrEP prescription in pregnancy/postpartum period) within a PrEP service for pregnant and postpartum women. A thematic approach guided an iterative process of coding and analysis. Themes identified as drivers of optimal PrEP use were HIV risk perception, mainly because of partner's behaviors and unknown serostatus, and a strong desire to have a baby free of HIV. Reported disclosure of PrEP use facilitated PrEP adherence. Women discussed having partner and family support, which included reminders to take PrEP daily. Primary barriers were anticipated or experienced stigma, overcome through education of partners and family about PrEP. Pregnant women experienced transient side-effects, but found ways to continue, including taking PrEP at night. PrEP programs for pregnant and postpartum women should integrate strategies to assist women with realistic appraisals of risk and teach skills for disclosure and securing support from significant others.La profilaxis Pre-exposición (PrEP, siglas en inglés) es segura y eficaz, pero requiere adherencia durante una posible exposición al VIH; sin embargo, no se conocen bien los factores que facilitan la adherencia materna a largo plazo. Realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas con 25 mujeres en posparto que informaron un alto cumplimiento (uso de PrEP25 días en los últimos 30 días y nunca omitieron una receta de PrEP en el embarazo y período posparto) dentro de un servicio de PrEP para mujeres embarazadas y posparto. Un enfoque temático guio un proceso iterativo de codificación y análisis. Los temas identificados como impulsores del uso óptimo de la PrEP fueron la percepción del riesgo de VIH, principalmente debido a los comportamientos de la pareja y el estado serológico desconocido, y un fuerte deseo de tener un bebé libre de VIH. La divulgación informada del uso de PrEP facilitó la adherencia a la PrEP. Las mujeres hablaron sobre el apoyo de su pareja y familia, incluidos recordatorios para tomar la PrEP cada dia. Las barreras primarias fueron el estigma anticipado o experimentado, superado a través de la educación de los socios y familiares sobre la PrEP. Las mujeres embarazadas experimentaron efectos secundarios transitorios, pero encontraron formas de continuar, incluida la toma de PrEP por la noche. Los programas de PrEP para mujeres embarazadas y posparto deben integrar estrategias para ayudar a las mujeres con evaluaciones realistas del riesgo y enseñar habilidades para la divulgación y obtener el apoyo de otras personas importantes.
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- 2021
38. 'I Found Out I was Pregnant, and I Started Feeling Stressed': A Longitudinal Qualitative Perspective of Mental Health Experiences Among Perinatal Women Living with HIV
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Jennifer A. Pellowski, Craig R. Cohen, Amy A. Conroy, Ann E. Maltby, Eliud Akama, Belinda C Odhiambo, Sheri D. Weiser, and Emily L. Tuthill
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Gerontology ,Male ,Longitudinal qualitative ,Breastfeeding ,HIV Infections ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,0302 clinical medicine ,Financial insecurity ,Pregnancy ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Pediatric ,Depression ,Postpartum Period ,Prevention of mother to child transmission ,Health psychology ,Infectious Diseases ,Breast Feeding ,Mental Health ,Public Health and Health Services ,HIV/AIDS ,Zero Hunger ,Female ,Public Health ,0305 other medical science ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Work ,Social Psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Women living with HIV ,Humans ,Exclusive breast feeding ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,Food insecurity ,business.industry ,Public health ,Prevention ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,Perinatal depression ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,Brain Disorders ,Good Health and Well Being ,Basic needs ,business ,Perinatal Depression ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Globally, depressive symptoms among pregnant and postpartum (i.e., perinatal) women living with HIV (WLWH) are alarmingly high and associated with poor outcomes such as suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Few qualitative studies have described the experience of perinatal depression among WLWH to identify the underlying social-structural determinants of poor mental health and potential strategies to intervene. We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study applying semi-structured interviews with 30 WLWH at three timepoints (28–38 weeks pregnant, 6-weeks postpartum and 5–7 months postpartum) to understand mental health experiences of perinatal WLWH in western Kenya. Financial insecurity emerged as the central theme impacting the mental health of women across time. Financial insecurity was often attributed to the loss of employment, related to pregnancy and the demands of breastfeeding and caring for an infant, as well as a lack of support from male partners. The loss of income and subsequent financial strain contributed to worsening levels of food insecurity and relationship stress and challenged engagement in HIV care. In this way, increased financial strain during the perinatal period negatively impacted the mental health of perinatal WLWH. Our findings suggest support to meet basic needs and remain engaged in HIV care during pregnancy and postpartum could improve perinatal mental health for WLWH in this setting.
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- 2021
39. Exploring Ways of HIV Transmission in Correctional Facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Tumba, T. D. and Ukwandu, D. C.
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HIV infection transmission ,HIV ,PRISON conditions ,CORRECTIONS (Criminal justice administration) ,IMMUNOLOGICAL deficiency syndromes - Abstract
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the few African countries where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is still a silent issue. In the context of the DRC, the purpose of this paper was to investigate how HIV is transmitted among inmates within Congolese correctional facilities. It focuses on the ways certain Congolese correctional services' cultures facilitate the spread of HIV. The paper argues that incarceration settings allow for the importation of pre-incarceration lifestyles and risky behaviours into prisons; hence increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) transmission among convicts. Methodologically, the paper followed a qualitative approach based mainly on secondary data. A content analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study indicated that prisoners' preincarceration lifestyle supplemented by prison culture and settings engendered HIV high-risk behaviour among inmates in Congo's prisons. In addition, the paper appealed for the government to pay attention to prison cultures generated by the interaction between prison environments and a quest for a sense of psychological wellbeing inside correctional facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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40. Characterizing the Development of Research Landscapes in Substance Use and HIV/AIDS During 1990 to 2021.
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Nguyen, Tham Thi, Nguyen, Hien Thu, Do, Huyen Phuc, Ho, Cyrus SH, and Ho, Roger CM
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HIV infections ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL care ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH funding ,ELECTRONIC publications ,HIV ,AIDS ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Mitigating the impacts of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and substance use requires comprehensive and systematic thinking in designing interventions and developing policies. This study describes the growth of research publications from 1991 to 2021 in the Web of Science database and points out current research landscapes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and substance use. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for classifying 21 359 papers into corresponding topics. The most common topics were HIV transmission, HIV infection, quality of life and mental health of substance users, and the biomedical effect of substance use. Emerging research landscapes include vulnerabilities of people who inject drugs to HIV transmission and related health problems. This study found a lack of research on health services, interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral in combination with clinical evaluation and treatment services. Future investment and implementation of HIV/AIDS and substance use programs should focus on research of health services and clinical evaluation, especially context-specific interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Geriatric conditions and healthcare utilisation in older adults living with HIV
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Meredith Greene, Ying Shi, John Boscardin, Rebecca Sudore, Monica Gandhi, and Kenneth Covinsky
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Male ,Aging ,Clinical Sciences ,HIV Infections ,older people ,Clinical Research ,functional performance ,Activities of Daily Living ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Humans ,Psychology ,health services ,Geriatric Assessment ,Aged ,Prevention ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,General Medicine ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Geriatrics ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Public Health and Health Services ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background older HIV-positive adults experience a significant burden of geriatric conditions. However, little is known about the association between geriatric conditions and healthcare utilisation in this population. Setting outpatient safety-net HIV clinic in San Francisco. Methods in 2013, HIV-positive adults ≥50 years of age underwent geriatric assessment including functional impairment, fall(s)in past year, cognitive impairment (MOCA Results among 192 participants, 81% were male, 51% were white, the median age was 56 (range 50–74), and the median CD4 count was 508 (IQR 338–688) cells/mm3. Sixteen percent of participants had ≥1 activities of daily living (ADL) dependency, 58% had ≥1 instrumental activities of daily living IADL dependency, 43% reported ≥1 falls, 31% had cognitive impairment, and 58% had low social support. Over 4 years, 90 participants (46%) had ≥1 ER visit (total of 289 ER visits), 39 (20%) had ≥1 hospitalisation (total of 68 hospitalisations), and 15 (8%) died. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, IADL dependency and falls were associated with healthcare utilisation (adjusted incidence rate ratios IADL (95%CI): 1.73 (1.33–2.25); falls: 1.51 (1.21–1.87)). Conclusion IADL dependency and history of falls were associated with healthcare utilisation among older HIV-positive adults. Although our results are limited by sample size, improved understanding of the association between geriatric conditions and healthcare utilisation could build support for geriatric HIV care models.
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- 2022
42. Short-Term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Care Utilization, Service Delivery, and Continuity of HIV Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) in Haiti
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Jean Solon Valles, Elisma Marinho, Scott Barnhart, Jean Gabriel Balan, Kemar Celestin, Michelle Virgin, Christina White, Adrien Allorant, Georges Perrin, Kesner François, Jan Flowers, Jean Guy Honoré, Nicolas De Kerorguen, Nancy Puttkammer, and Jean Baptiste Koama
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Service delivery framework ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,COVID-19 pandemic ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Care utilization ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Pandemic ,Antiretroviral treatment ,medicine ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Original Paper ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Service disruption ,Haiti ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction Our study describes changes in HIV care service delivery and continuity of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) during the 8 weeks before and after diagnosis of the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Haiti on March 19, 2020. Methods Using data from 96 out of 167 health facilities offering ART services, we compared four ART program indicators: (1) count of HIV visits; (2) proportion of ART dispenses in community-based settings (DAC); (3) proportion of multi-month dispensing of ART medications > 6 months (> 6 m MMD); and (4) proportion of timely ART refills. We used uncontrolled interrupted time series (ITS) models to estimate slope and level changes in each indicator with the arrival of COVID-19. Results and Discussion From week 1 to week 16, the average number of HIV visits fell from 121.5 to 92.5 visits, the proportion of DAC rose from 22.7% to 36.7%, the proportion of > 6 m MMD rose from 29.4% to 48.4%, and the proportion of timely ART refills fell from 51.9% to 43.8%. The ITS models estimated abrupt increases of 36% in > 6 m MMD (p
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- 2021
43. Project ACCLAIM: Intervention Effect on Community Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of Maternal and Child Health and HIV/AIDS in Eswatini, Uganda and Zimbabwe
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Mary Pat Kieffer, Daphne Mpofu, Godfrey Woelk, and Bandopadhay N
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Male ,Zimbabwe ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Maternal and child health ,Social Psychology ,HIV stigma ,PMTCT ,Psychological intervention ,Community interventions ,HIV Infections ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Pregnancy ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Uganda ,Child ,Hiv stigma ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,KAB ,Child Health ,Gender ,medicine.disease ,Social learning ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,Health psychology ,Infectious Diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,business ,Eswatini ,Demography - Abstract
The ACCLAIM Study aimed to assess the effect of a package of community interventions on the demand for, uptake of, and retention of HIV-positive pregnant/postpartum women in maternal and child health (MCH) and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services. The study occurred from 2013 to 2015 in Eswatini, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The three interventions were: (1) a social learning and action component for community leaders, (2) community days, and (3) peer discussion groups. Household cross-sectional surveys on community members’ MCH and PMTCT knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs were analyzed pre- and post-intervention, using MCH, HIV stigma, and gender-equitable men (GEM) indicators. We used t-tests to measure the significance of mean pre- vs. post-intervention score changes stratified by gender within each intervention arm and generalized linear models to compare mean score changes of the cumulative intervention arms with the community leaders-only intervention. Response rates were over 85% for both surveys for men and women, with a total of 3337 pre-intervention and 3162 post-intervention responses. The combined package of three interventions demonstrated a significantly greater increase in MCH scores for both women (diff = 1.34, p ≤ 0.001) and men (diff = 2.03, p
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- 2021
44. Understanding the Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Virologic Failure in the Era of Undetectable Equals Untransmittable
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Bridget J. Anderson, Carol-Ann Swain, Jayleen K L Gunn, and Wendy Patterson
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,Population level ,Anti-HIV Agents ,New York ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Viral load ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Viral suppression ,Hiv transmission ,Original Paper ,Surveillance ,030505 public health ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,medicine.disease ,VIROLOGIC FAILURE ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
The “Undetectable = Untransmittable” campaign indicates that persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) who maintain a suppressed viral load cannot sexually transmit the virus. However, there is little knowledge of the percent of individuals at a population level who sustain viral suppression long term. The aims of this study were to: (1) establish a baseline of persons living with diagnosed HIV who resided in New York and had consecutive suppressed viral load tests; (2) describe the risk of virologic failure among those who were consecutively suppressed; and (3) gain an understanding of the length of time between consecutive viral suppression to virologic failure. A total of 102,339 New Yorkers aged 13–90 years were living with diagnosed HIV at the beginning of 2012; 47.9% were consecutively suppressed (last two HIV viral load test results from 2010–2011 that were
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- 2021
45. The Effect of Partnership Presence and Support on HIV Viral Suppression Among Serodiscordant Partnered and Single Heterosexual HIV-Positive Individuals in Brazil
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Marcelo P. Almeida, Breno Santos, Eduardo Sprinz, Mariana Simon, Rita Lira, Pamina M. Gorbach, Karin Nielsen-Saines, Ivana Varela, Zoë Baker, Marineide Gonçalves de Melo, Tara Kerin, Maria Cristina Chaves, and Tauí de Melo Rocha
- Subjects
Social Work ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,Anti-HIV Agents ,HIV Infections ,Logistic regression ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Humans ,Viral load ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Heterosexuality ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Confounding ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,Viral Load ,Health psychology ,Sexual Partners ,Good Health and Well Being ,Infectious Diseases ,Adherence ,General partnership ,Serodiscordant ,Propensity score matching ,Public Health and Health Services ,HIV/AIDS ,Public Health ,Partnership ,Infection ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Brazil ,ART ,Demography - Abstract
HIV-negative individuals in serodiscordant partnerships experience reduced risk of HIV acquisition when their partners adhere to ART and achieve undetectable viral loads. Partnership support may encourage ART adherence, reducing viral load and the risk of HIV transmission. This study aims to determine whether HIV viral suppression is associated with partnership status and partnership support among 201 HIV positive (HIV+ individuals in serodiscordant partnerships and 100 HIV+ unpartnered individuals receiving care at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Porto Alegre, Brazil between 2014 and 2016. Clinical data and patient-reported questionnaire data were assessed, and propensity scores were used to control for confounding variables in adjusted logistic regression models. Viral suppression did not significantly differ between HIV+ partnered (78.5% virally suppressed) and unpartnered (76.0% virally suppressed) individuals. Among individuals in partnerships, viral suppression was significantly associated with having a partner who attended monthly clinic visits (AOR 2.99; 95% CI 1.00–8.93). Instrumental social support—attending monthly visits—may improve the odds of viral suppression among HIV+ individuals in serodiscordant relationships. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s10461-020-03124-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2021
46. CD4+ T cell-mimicking nanoparticles encapsulating DIABLO/SMAC mimetics broadly neutralize HIV-1 and selectively kill HIV-1-infected cells
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Diana Dehaini, Luke J. Kubiatowicz, Ronnie H. Fang, Igor Landa, Liangfang Zhang, Grant R. Campbell, Jia Zhuang, Gang Zhang, and Stephen A. Spector
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Male ,SMAC mimetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,HIV Infections ,Apoptosis ,Epitope ,Neutralization ,Epitopes ,Biomimetics ,Biomimetic Materials ,Bystander effect ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Aetiology ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Chemistry ,nanoparticle ,virus diseases ,Healthy Volunteers ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Infection ,Research Paper ,Biotechnology ,Adult ,autophagy ,T cell ,Primary Cell Culture ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,Clinical Research ,medicine ,Humans ,Prevention ,Autophagy ,HIV ,neutralization ,Smac mimetics ,Good Health and Well Being ,HIV-1 ,Cancer research ,Nanoparticles ,Immunization ,Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ,Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System ,Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies - Abstract
HIV-1 is a major global health challenge. The development of an effective vaccine and a therapeutic cure are top priorities. The creation of vaccines that focus an antibody response toward a particular epitope of a protein has shown promise, but the genetic diversity of HIV-1 stymies this progress. Therapeutic strategies that provide effective and broad‐spectrum neutralization against HIV-1 infection are highly desirable. Methods: We investigated the potential of nanoengineered CD4+ T cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (TNP) encapsulating the DIABLO/SMAC mimetics LCL-161 or AT-406 (also known as SM-406 or Debio 1143) to both neutralize HIV-1 and selectively kill HIV-1-infected resting CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Results: DIABLO/SMAC mimetic-loaded TNP displayed outstanding neutralizing breadth and potency, and selectively kill HIV-1-infected cells via autophagy-dependent apoptosis while having no drug-induced off-target or cytotoxic effects on bystander cells. Genetic inhibition of early stages of autophagy abolishes this effect. Conclusion: DIABLO/SMAC mimetic loaded TNP have the potential to be used as therapeutic agents to neutralize cell-free HIV-1 and to kill specifically HIV-1-infected cells as part of an HIV-1 cure strategy.
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- 2021
47. Housing Instability and HIV Risk: Expanding our Understanding of the Impact of Eviction and Other Landlord-Related Forced Moves
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Kim M. Blankenship, Linda M. Niccolai, Penelope Schlesinger, Alana Rosenberg, Danya E. Keene, and Allison K. Groves
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Social Psychology ,Sexual Behavior ,Vulnerability ,HIV Infections ,Logistic regression ,Odds ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Landlord ,Eviction ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,Unsafe Sex ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Sexual risk behavior ,medicine.disease ,Health psychology ,Connecticut ,Infectious Diseases ,Housing ,HIV/AIDS ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
The study purpose is to comprehensively measure landlord-related forced moves (inclusive of, but not restricted to, legal eviction), and to examine whether landlord-related forced moves is associated with HIV risk. Baseline survey data was collected between 2017 and 2018 among 360 low-income participants in New Haven, Connecticut. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine associations between landlord-related forced moves and HIV sexual risk outcomes. Seventy seven out of three hundred and sixty participants reported a landlord-related forced move in the past 2 years, of whom 19% reported formal eviction, 56% reported informal eviction and 25% reported both. Landlord-related forced moves were associated with higher odds of unprotected sex (AOR 1.98), concurrent sex (AOR 1.94), selling sex for money or drugs (AOR 3.28), exchange of sex for a place to live (AOR 3.29), and an HIV sexual risk composite (ARR 1.46) (p
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- 2021
48. Child physical abuse and COVID-19: Trends from nine pediatric trauma centers
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Aaron R. Jensen, Joseph D. Tobias, Deepika Nehra, Jill L. Kaar, John M. Perry, Lauren L. Evans, Zachary J. Kastenberg, Autumn V. Rohan, Melissa L. Anderson, Eric R. Scaife, Niti Shahi, Romeo C. Ignacio, Jacky Z. Kwong, Antoinette L. Laskey, Stephanie D. Chao, Kaci Pickett, Erin M. Garvey, Katrine Lofberg, Katie W. Russell, David Bliss, Shannon N. Acker, Caitlin A. Smith, and Brittney L. Bunnell
- Subjects
Child abuse ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Child Abuse and Neglect Research ,Pediatrics ,Unintentional Childhood Injury ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Trauma Centers ,Clinical Research ,Pandemic ,Pediatric surgery ,Nonaccidental trauma ,medicine ,Humans ,Child Abuse ,Child ,Pandemics ,Retrospective Studies ,Violence Research ,Pediatric ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Prevention ,Stressor ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Injuries and accidents ,Wptc Papers ,medicine.disease ,Childhood Injury ,Child physical abuse ,Physical abuse ,Good Health and Well Being ,Physical Abuse ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Emergency medicine ,HIV/AIDS ,Surgery ,Patient Safety ,business ,Pediatric trauma - Abstract
Background Economic, social, and psychologic stressors are associated with an increased risk for abusive injuries in children. Prolonged physical proximity between adults and children under conditions of severe external stress, such as witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic with “shelter-in-place orders”, may be associated with additional increased risk for child physical abuse. We hypothesized that child physical abuse rates and associated severity of injury would increase during the early months of the pandemic as compared to the prior benchmark period. Methods We conducted a nine-center retrospective review of suspected child physical abuse admissions across the Western Pediatric Surgery Research Consortium. Cases were identified for the period of April 1-June 30, 2020 (COVID-19) and compared to the identical period in 2019. We collected patient demographics, injury characteristics, and outcome data. Results There were no significant differences in child physical abuse cases between the time periods in the consortium as a whole or at individual hospitals. There were no differences between the study periods with regard to patient characteristics, injury types or severity, resource utilization, disposition, or mortality. Conclusions Apparent rates of new injuries related to child physical abuse did not increase early in the COVID-19 pandemic. While this may suggest that pediatric physical abuse was not impacted by pandemic restrictions and stresses, it is possible that under-reporting, under-detection, or delays in presentation of abusive injuries increased during the pandemic. Long-term follow-up of subsequent rates and severity of child abuse is needed to assess for unrecognized injuries that may have occurred.
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- 2022
49. Acculturation, HIV-Related Stigma, Stress, and Patient-Healthcare Provider Relationships Among HIV-Infected Asian Americans: A Path Analysis
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Judy Ah-Yune, Wei-Ti Chen, Chengshi Shiu, Wenxiu Sun, Binh Vinh Luu, Feifei Huang, and Lance Toma
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Health Personnel ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical Research ,Asian americans ,Hiv infected ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Health care ,Patient-healthcare provider relationships ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Path analysis (statistics) ,Original Paper ,030505 public health ,Asian ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,Professional-Patient Relations ,Health Services ,Acculturation ,Stigma ,Mental Health ,Infectious Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,Public Health and Health Services ,HIV/AIDS ,Public Health ,Infection ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,Hiv related stigma ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Acculturation may limit HIV-positive Asian Americans' active interactions with patient-healthcare providers (HCP) and utilization of HIV healthcare services; however, the specific mediation effect of acculturation still unknown. A bias-corrected factor score path analysis was performed to examine the proposed model of relations among acculturation, stigma, stress, and patient-HCP relationships. A convenience sample of 69 HIV-positive Asian Americans in San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York City were recruited and collect data were collected on demographics, HIV-related stigma, stress, and patient-HCP relationships. HIV stigma and stress had a direct, negative effect on patient-HCP relationships. Acculturation had a positive total effect on patient-HCP relationships, and was mediated by HIV stigma and stress. A acculturation also had a direct impact on stigma and stress. Acculturation, HIV-related stigma, and stress are key elements to achieving good patient-HCP relationships, and provide insights on the design of culturally sensitive interventions to improve patient-HCP relationships.
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- 2020
50. Effects of Maternal Suicidal Ideation on Child Cognitive Development: A Longitudinal Analysis
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Victoria Simms, Andrea M. Rehman, Helen A. Weiss, Helen Mebrahtu, Lorraine Sherr, Frances M. Cowan, and Patience Ndlovu
- Subjects
Adult ,Zimbabwe ,Social Psychology ,Mothers ,HIV Infections ,Suicidal Ideation ,Cognition ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Cognitive development ,Humans ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Child development ,Suicidal ideation ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Original Paper ,Maternal mental health ,Depression ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Health psychology ,Infectious Diseases ,Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ,Africa ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association between suicidal ideation among mothers living with HIV in Zimbabwe and the cognitive development of their children. Participants were mother–child dyads recruited from two rural districts in Zimbabwe. Data were collected at baseline and 12 months follow-up. Suicidal ideation was assessed using item-10 from the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to assess the association of child cognitive outcomes at follow-up (using the Mullen scales of early learning) with maternal suicidal ideation. Mothers with suicidal ideation at baseline (n = 171) tended to be younger, unmarried, experienced moderate to severe hunger, had elevated parental stress and depression symptoms compared with non-suicidal mothers (n = 391). At follow-up, emerging maternal suicidal ideation was associated with poorer child cognitive outcomes (adjusted mean difference − 6.1; 95% CI − 10.3 to − 1.8; p = 0.03). Suicidal ideation affects child cognitive development and should be addressed, particularly in HIV positive mothers.
- Published
- 2020
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