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As part of a doctoral research, eighty-eight local truth commissions created in Brazil between 2012 and 2018 were identified. Among them, it was selected the eleven final reports that described partnerships between truth commissions and universities. The paper analyzes the phenomenon of creation of local truth commissions in Brazil and the partnerships established between them and universities, especially, with Archival Science and History programs. It was found that the partnerships were established to make the work of truth commissions feasible and consisted of archival activities such as preservation, description, and scanning as well as research. It concludes that, although the educational engagement of Brazilian truth commissions has been limited, partnerships with universities have provided students the contact with the theme of human rights, in line with the callings for the profession to address activism and human rights within the context of archival education. Finally, the paper suggests that experiences developed by these partnerships could be incorporated into Archival Science programs in Brazil.

Studies in the field of science education have discussed using historical approaches. Although previous studies have shown the potential advantages to addressing national sciences in the classroom in countries underrepresented in the history of science, there are still few initiatives in this direction. Thus, this paper aims to explore a historical case study related to teaching Brazilian national science in a high school classroom to contribute to this line of research and evaluate how classroom dialogue and production relate to specific aspects of the historical case. The present study uses an adapted action research methodology with historical research conducted in an integrated manner with the case study in the classroom. The results showed that this adapted methodology could relate content to students' contexts by leading them to engage and identify with the historical case and the activity itself. Critical comments on this methodology are also presented. Using Brazilian science as the historical case study revealed some themes partially related to the Brazilian context. However, science content was more relevant to the students' context. Finally, some directions for future research are proposed, both for studies using the methodology presented and research on using the history of national sciences in countries underrepresented in the hegemonic history of science.

This forum paper dialogues with Sheron Mark's "A bit of both science and economics: a non-traditional STEM identity narrative. In her paper, she discusses the development of a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) identity by a young African American male during an informal STEM for Social Justice Program. Here, the discussion focuses on Black masculinities, identity formation, and the role of science educators in making STEM fields a welcoming place for young Black men. Drawing from Mark's data and discussion, this paper is a dialogue between science identity possibilities in the United States and in Brazil when we look at the intersections of race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Using the shared colonial past of both countries a connection is established to address race relations within science education. The main argument in this paper is that racism can no longer be denied and dismissed by the science education community worldwide and that intersectional approaches are needed to face this issue.

This paper presents the results of two studies researching the theory of subjectivity from a cultural-historical perspective. The studies are situated in the fields of education and health and are conducted using Qualitative Epistemology. The first study discusses the pathological movement problems of learning disabilities in Brazilian schools and how it has hindered examination of the subjective processes of students when they are experiencing a learning context. The second study deals with the work of physical education professional in mental health in the context of Brazilian public health. The importance of a work development on mental health integrating physical education with other professions present in mental health work is discussed. Finally, it defends the idea that Qualitative Epistemology offers an open knowledge production to interdisciplinarity, observed on education and health area, creating space for discussions on subjectivity.

The far-right turn in Brazilian politics led to the re-emergence of a ghost that has been hindering our political agency since the dawn of the republic but that had been hidden for a few decades: the Army and its violent political agency. This essay will frame the archive as an important instance within the artistic practice I have developed as a response to the apparition of this military monster during the Bolsonaro years. In a body of work called "Concrete Witnesses Inquiry," I have combined images and texts (collected mainly from the press) with an urban landscape photographic work that presents overpasses built in my hometown, Porto Alegre, during the 1964 military dictatorship. Following authors such as Georges Didi-Huberman and Allan Sekula, I suggest that the archive can be seen as a central axis in this process, allowing me to connect otherwise unimportant elements from the urban landscape with violent historical processes, often considered distant and abstract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vast amount of literature addresses issues surrounding English and French in colonial and post-colonial communities. However, relative to the spread of English and French language ideology, a limited amount of literature exists on Lusitanization (i.e. the spread of Portuguese colonial ideology by Portugal during colonialism and the role of Brazil in post-colonial Portuguese societies). To fill this gap, this paper analyses the role, functions and spread of Portuguese in colonial and post-colonial Angola and East Timor using Lusitanization as a framework to capture the role played by Portugal during the colonial eras and Brazil in post-colonial societies. Even though Lusitanization creates a space to analyse the role of Portuguese at a macro-level, a macro-view is inadequate for a situated analysis. Therefore, to complement the macro-analysis, we explore the impact of Lusitanization from the bottom up, drawing upon Bakhtinian perspectives of social voices, pluri-diversity, plurilingualism and hybridization.

Given the challenges related to reducing socio-economic and health inequalities, building specific health system approaches for Indigenous peoples is critical. In Brazil, following constitutional reforms that led to the universalization of health care in the late 1980s, a specific health subsystem was created for Indigenous peoples in 1999. In this paper, we use a historical perspective to contextualize the creation of the Indigenous Health Subsystem in Brazil. This study is based on data from interviews with Indigenous and non-Indigenous subjects and document-based analysis. In the 1980s, during the post-dictatorship period in Brazil, the emergence of Indigenous movements in the country and the support for pro-Indigenous organizations helped establish a political agenda that emphasized a broad range of issues, including the right to a specific health policy. Indigenous leaders established alliances with participants of the Brazilian health reform movement, which resulted in broad debates about the specificities of Indigenous peoples, and the need for a specific health subsystem. We highlight three main points in our analysis: (1) the centrality of a holistic health perspective; (2) the emphasis on social participation; (3) the need for the reorganization of health care. These points proved to be convergent with the development of the Brazilian health reform and were expressed in documents of the Indigenist Missionary Council (CIMI) and the Union of Indigenous Nations (UNI). They were also consolidated in the final report of the First National Conference on the Protection of Indigenous Health in 1986, becoming the cornerstone of the national Indigenous health policy declared in 1999. Our analysis reveals that Indigenous people and pro-Indigenous groups were key players in the development of the Indigenous Health Subsystem in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the decline of the AIDS Programme in Brazil, the Latin American country most affected by the epidemic, with emphasis in the second decade of the twenty-first century. For many years, Brazil served as a model in Global Health due to a comprehensive preventive policy, a partnership between the government and health activists and the support of life-saving drugs as public goods rather than commodities. The regression of AIDS policies in Brazil interacted with developments in the United States as well as with multilateral agencies like UNAIDS that emphasised biomedicalisation in the response to the disease where broad human-rights programmes and alliance with activists were not priorities. International programmes like the 'Ending AIDS' campaign indirectly undermined the exceptional status AIDS enjoyed since the late 1980s. The backlash in Brazilian policies to fight AIDS was a result of the fragmentation of the left and the empowerment of radical conservative authoritarian and religious forces. The result was the breakdown of the long-held belief that successful anti-AIDS disease programmes could simultaneously help control the disease and build better healthcare systems and ultimately prompted the end of the special place AIDS' policy had in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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From 1807 onwards, bilateral slave-trade treaties stipulated how naval squadrons would rescue slaves from slave ships, and how states should arrange the settlement and apprenticeship of these slaves, to transform them into 'liberated Africans'. Comparing interactions between the state and liberated Africans at sea along the South African and Brazilian coasts, and in the port towns of Cape Town and Salvador, reveals how the legal status of liberated Africans changed over time. Current scholarship has framed liberated Africans in terms of whether they were attributed rights or suffered re-enslavement, and thus focused on their solidarity through claiming rights, 'ethnic survivals' or creolization. Instead, this paper argues anti-slave-trade legislation ascribed to liberated Africans a set of unguaranteed entitlements – promises regarding status and treatment without obligating states to uphold that status or treatment. By focusing on the precise aspects of legislation that operated at each point in the process of anti-slave-trade activity – rescuing slaves from slave ships, transportation to a port, processing through a court, and apprenticeship – this paper unearths how the law came into force in the encounter between state officials and liberated Africans, as part of the complex transition from slavery to free labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of psychoanalysis in Brazil during the civilian-military dictatorship (1964-85) has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years as an instance of institutional complicity with authoritarian rule. The case of Amílcar Lobo in Rio de Janeiro is now well known. However, there is less documentation of events in São Paulo, leading to a misrepresentation of the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo as having passed relatively unscathed through the dictatorial period. This paper confronts this misrepresentation by documenting the case of a psychoanalyst from São Paulo who was involved with the torture regime. A detailed account is presented of claims made to the authors about the actions of this psychoanalyst in relation to a political prisoner of the period, and some parallels are made with material in two published works by him. It is suggested that this particular psychoanalyst's behaviour reflects attitudes prevalent in the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo at the time, including its support for the view that political resistance was a sign of psychological 'immaturity' or pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper discusses the massive colonization plan and settlement scheme implemented in the early 1970s by the Brazilian government as part of the development of the Amazonian territory, and accounts for some of the reasons for its failure. Building on the notion that the Amazonian settlement scheme had taken a mid-twentieth-century private-colonization enterprise in northern-Paraná state as a planning model, this paper reveals that they were both grounded in garden-city repertoire; particularly the ideas of decentralization, satellite towns, and the marriage of town and country. However, unlike its model, the Amazonian settlement scheme failed badly. The adaptations made to the model and the innovations of the new scheme will also be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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This article aims to analyze the role of American trade unionism during the Brazilian dictatorship examining the activities of American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD). It will pay particular attention to the political repression and anti-labor policy conducted by the dictator Emílio Garrastazu Médici (1969–74). The examination of the U.S. labor policy in Brazil during the heydays of the cold war in Latin America is an interesting case study of the contradictions and paradoxes of the AFL-CIO and American international relations during that period, as well as a stimulating example of transnational trade union and international solidarity relations during this period. The paper investigates how AIFLD reacted to human rights violations perpetrated by the Médici regime, highlighting the fine line between American international labor solidarity and foreign intervention during the cold war period. As a final point, the paper analyzes the workers’ resistance to the dictatorial regime, as well as the U.S. interpretation of the Brazilian labor movement in this context of repression and human rights violations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Revista Memento is the property of UNINCOR - Universidade Vale do Rio Verde and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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ABSTRACT What happens to a country's system of labor laws when its government embraces market-oriented reforms? In a twist on the prediction that labor regulations will be repealed, researchers find that laws remain in place but are not faithfully enforced, a phenomenon known as de facto flexibility. This article examines the case of Brazil to understand its near-opposite; namely, resilience and renewal in the enforcement of labor regulations. It finds that labor unions have combined the corporatist authority they gained under state control with the autonomy they acquired under democratization to devise new modes of action and to safeguard existing regulations. Meanwhile, labor inspectors and prosecutors rely on existing laws to combat precarious work conditions and promote formal employment relations, which strengthen the unions. This mutually supportive arrangement is neither perfect nor free of tension, but it shows how workers can be protected even when employers are subjected to global competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to evaluate the 2014 FIFA World Cup in relation to the World Cup tournaments since the first in 1930, in terms of the success of the tournament, both on and off the pitch. The 2014 FIFA World Cup was characterized in the international media for several years prior to the tournament as one which was highly problematic in terms of its organization in Brazil, as to whether the stadia and other infrastructure would be ready. This negativity was compounded after the street protests around the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, leading to fears that the 2014 tournament would be marred by significant popular political opposition. Once the 2014 World Cup began and it was clear that the infrastructure was sufficiently in place and the protests would in fact be very minimal, the international media did a swift volte-face and instead portrayed the tournament as a great success. As an historian I take the long view, evaluating the 2014 tournament in the full historical perspective. In doing so, I debunk the media myths about the 2014 FIFA World Cup. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Historia: Questoes & Debates is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper studies Felisbelo Freire's 1894 book on the History of Brazilian Republican Constitutional Law, which is actually a critic against the imperial regime and an apology for the republic. Albeit Freire's book was entitled as a Brazilian Republican Constitutional History, the paper assumes that it does not follow or exposes an analytical scheme of Constitutional subjects, which somewhat confirms the comprehension that Constitutional Law is far more politics than a set of normative and dogmatic references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aim to describe the history of iodine testing of the cervix and identify areas where further work is required.Study Design: We conducted a search of PubMed and Google Scholar. Full article texts were reviewed. Reference lists were screened for additional articles and books. 37 basic articles in journals including ones written in German and three basic articles in books were identified.Results: Glycogen staining of the ectocervical squamous epithelium with iodine goes back to Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915). Walter Schiller (1887-1960) examined nearly 200 different dyes and found that vital staining of the cervical squamous epithelium was best achieved with Lugol's iodine solution, which was indicated by Jean Guillaume Lugol (1786-1851) for disinfection of the vagina. In 1928 W. Lahm observed that the glycogen content of a squamous epithelium cell decreases as anaplasia increases. From the outset, H. Hinselmann included the iodine test in the minimum requirements for colposcopy. In 1946 H. J. Wespi first mentioned the finding of an "uncharacteristic iodine negative area." The first international colposcopic terminology from Graz in 1975 lists the "iodine light area" among the different colposcopy findings. The IFCPC nomenclatures from Rome 1990, Barcelona 2002, and Rio de Janeiro 2011 have evaluated the iodine test and classified their findings differently. A breakthrough to effective cervical cancer screening in resource-limited settings in Africa, India, and Latin America was achieved with R. Sankaranarayanan's publication on naked-eye visual inspection of the cervix after application of Lugol's iodine.Conclusions: This paper is a step toward a better understanding of what we think and do today with iodine testing and what problems and upcoming tasks will arise in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Coal was crucial to the growth of several South American states between 1850 and 1913, being used for their expanding railway networks, to generate power for their emerging industries, and by the steamships in which much of their overseas trade was conducted. Lacking indigenous sources of sufficiently high quality, Argentina and Brazil in particular came to rely heavily on Welsh coal for their energy needs. While playing a crucial role in the economic development of such countries, Welsh coal and its distribution network of coaling stations also helped in protecting the trade between Britain and South America, allowing the Royal Navy to have access to the most suitable coal for its purposes at distances varying from almost 4000 to 10,000 miles from its point of origin. This paper explores various aspects of the development of this trade and argues that, in discussions of the development of the informal empire, the significance of (Welsh) coal should not be overlooked, as has tended to be the case in some modern works. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines Brazil's century return to Africa movement from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives, identifying three main stages. The largest single wave of voyages came after an 1835 slave uprising in the province of Bahia, when around 200 freed Africans were deported and roughly a thousand others left voluntarily, fleeing anti-African legislation. In the 1840s, smaller numbers of Africans also traveled to the continent of their birth, many as employees on slave vessels. A new phase of migrations came after 1850, with the end of the Atlantic slave trade to Brazil and the British seizure of Lagos a year later. Previous estimates of the volume of travelers are examined in combination with demographic data on passport recipients, in order to frame micro-historical analysis of individual travelers. In the first and third stages, Africans often traveled with their households, comprising not only blood kin but also their slaves and former slaves, while in the second phase many of those who left for Africa were men travelling alone who later returned to Brazil. The resulting portrait of changes over time offers insights into the varying reasons that led freed Africans to leave Brazil, also raising questions about the continued presence of the institution of slavery in their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

State and international entities can have profound effects on the development of a country's nursing profession. Through a global health governance lens, this paper explores the development of nursing in Brazil during the early twentieth century, and its intersections with national and international interests. Accordingly, we will show how state policies established an environment that fostered the institutionalization of nursing as a profession in Brazil and supported it as a means to increase the presence of females in nation building processes. The State focused on recruiting elite women for nursing, in part due to the Rockefeller Foundation's involvement in the country. Nurses who worked for Rockefeller came from well-educated classes within US society with specific ideas about who should be a nurse and the roles of nurses in a healthcare system. These women served as the primary vehicles for interacting with Brazilian health authorities responsible for health system development. Their early efforts did not, however, ensure a system capable of producing nursing human resources at a rate that, in present day Brazil, could meet the health needs of the country. Findings from this paper offer new avenues for historians to explore the early roots of professional nursing through a global health governance lens, improve the understanding of the intersection between international politics and professionalization, and highlight how these factors may impact nursing human resources production in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Intersecoes: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinares is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecoes: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinares is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecoes: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinares is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This paper discusses the construction of organizational memory based on the analysis of the video Memória do Tempo produced in 1960 by BanLavoura de Minas Gerais. The video was produced to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the organization. As part of the action that we here call "an exercise of futurology", documents and objects were locked with the video in an urn created for this purpose, which was opened in the year 2000, forty years after its closing. The organizational discourse registered in the movie was analyzed and so were the interviews that we conducted with BanLavoura's former employees. The research relied on current debates founded in literature that focus on organizational identity and the construction of organizational memory. Based on those references, we discussed the intentionality that permeates the construction of certain record on memory and history, which seeks to represent the past of the organization. The result shows that organization managers intended to preserve the history and the memory of the organization, but not the complete history or any memory. Organization managers were not interested in registering failures or organizational weaknesses, or in building a history based on employees' accounts, since they barely appear in the analyzed material. They wanted to bring to light things that could project a certain organizational identity and memories of how the past happened. Thus, memory becomes a subject of dispute and is actively constructed to help shape the way the organization is remembered. Only then, it could help to build a good organizational image before the workers and society. Although the studied bank no longer exists and therefore no longer harbors a community of "lavourenses", this paper allows reflections on similar efforts in preserving (and constructing) a memory made by other organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper aims to investigate the establishment of a field of academic history in Brazil, by means of USP’s Revista de História, founded in 1950. Through the contents of the 1950’s issues we identify, in the publication, a period of closeness between professionals coming from the IHGSP and others from the university itself. That points to a transition period between a so-called traditional history and a new professional history in Brazil, already during the 1950’s. It is also possible to sort out the traditional periods of the relationship between the Annales and the so called USP school of History, through the analyses of elements that accompany texts published by French historians and some others published by professors such as Eurípedes Simões de Paula, Eduardo d’Oliveira França and Astrogildo Rodrigues de Mello. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This article presents the historical context of the creation of Goiânia, capital city of the state of Goiás, built in the 1930s as a symbol of the expansion of the demographic and agricultural frontier in central Brazil. The city emerged through the Pedro Ludovico Teixeira efforts, appointed state intervener by the President Getúlio Vargas. In the construction process, there was the boosters's discourse, which attributed to the promised "metropolis" the power to create good opportunities for economic growth. For this, they relied on natural resources such as rivers, the presence of rich nearby forests and the fields with a less sloping region. Methodology: The study used archival sources based on technical and memorialist reports, photographs, maps, newspapers and periodicals of the time, as well as bibliography based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Environmental History. Originality: The historiography of Central Brazil has often been analyzed from the perspective of the frontier and not from the perspective of environmental history. In this paper, we seek to appropriate these two issues, reinforcing the relationship between the rural and urban processes of the Cerrado environmental history in Central Brazil. Conclusions: The real scenario was different from the announced one, since nature was much more a barrier than a facilitating element of development. In addition, the ideals of modern urbanism were partially abandoned due to the opportunism of selling lots. Also, the growth took place, but not because of the abundance of natural resources, but because of the transfer of the capital that fed it back as it attracted new inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss cultural studies, depicting art, history and culture conceptions, taking as reference the cultural studies of Raymond Williams (1972), Stuart Hall (2002- 2009), Homi Bhabha (1998), Tomaz Tadeu da Silva (2000), Walter Benjamin (1985) and the debate among Jean-Claude Forquin (1993), Fernando Hernandez (2000), Philippe Perrenoud (2000), Jean- Pierre Pourtois (1999), Huguette Desmet (1999) and Gaston Bachelard (1962) amid others, crisscrossing them with the discourse analysis of Efigenia Rolim's (born 1931) life and work. This Brazilian artist from Minas Gerais State discovered herself as an artist when she was 60 years old, creating stories and objects from garbage and candy wrapping. From her humble country life to the streets of Curitiba city, she built her way as a performer, creating the persona Efigênia, a poet, a storyteller, an artist who shares the space of squares, schools and museums with melodies, clothing, sculptures and performances by discussing, in a playful and unusual way, universal and complex issues of post-modernity. The artist stated her work as art, a kind of art that her discourse wanders, in large squares and museums. Her work merges into others arts and is object of researching studies, such as an awarded film, papers, articles and publications from diverse fields. Nowadays, aged 80, with the strength and beauty of maturity, she finds space to claim the creation of the Candy Wrapping Alive Museum's, a "ghetto" museum. Efigenia Rolim receives the Medal of the Order of Cultural Merit, in 2008, due to her work and performance, alongside national and foreign personalities who have distinguished themselves in culture. Facing exclusion and poverty, from a marginalized situation to a respected position, Efigenia Rolim's work, sculptural and ephemeral, troubadour and theatrical, reincorporates contemporary subjectivity and teaches about culture, education and humanities. This research reveals that the boundaries amongst history, art and the life of the artist are fused with the complex postmodern world. The present study also draws a visualization to contemporary identities; in those, art, education and curriculum are combined, as well as an appropriate view to our diverse context: a multicultural and multifarious contemporary world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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