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Background: Word retrieval skills change across the lifespan. Permanent alterations in the form of decreased accuracy or increased response time can be a consequence of both normal ageing processes or the presence of acquired and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., aphasia and dementia). Despite the extensive literature exploring the neuroanatomical underpinnings of word retrieval, psycholinguistic, biolinguistic and theoretical explanations, and the vast amount of evidence from primary and secondary language disorders, the best approach to consistently capture these changes is yet to be discovered. Aims: The goal of this paper is to determine which method(s) stand(s) as the most suitable candidate(s) to provide an accurate picture of word retrieval in the oral production of different groups of adult speakers, including cases of healthy ageing, preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), aphasia and dementia. Methods & Procedures: Using an integrative review of recent peer-reviewed journal articles, we provide an overview of the different behavioural methods traditionally used to measure oral naming skills in research-oriented and clinical protocols and discuss their main advantages and limitations. Main Contribution: Most existing studies are based on the results of people with diagnosed language disorders. Despite the growing interest, the reliability of the majority of the tasks to detect subtle changes associated with healthy ageing, MCI and preclinical AD are yet to be demonstrated, and the delicate balance between informativeness and efficiency (especially in terms of administration time and variable control) in experimental protocols is yet to be achieved. In this article we propose the pursuit of an integrative overarching methodology to characterize all naming deficits (from anecdotal to permanent) and all adult populations (from healthy to pathological ageing). Conclusions & Implications: A combination of spontaneous speech data and results from structured tasks stands as the best approach to capture changes in word retrieval skills of adult speakers with and without observable deficits. This review can guide future reflections on the necessary prerequisites of purpose-oriented, sensitive and reliable protocols for the detection of incipient word retrieval problems, thus contributing to the early diagnosis and the design of personalized multicomponent treatments.

Aims: To provide an overview of published research on migration and health conducted in Norway and identify gaps in the research field. Methods: Applying a scoping review methodology, we searched Medline for articles on migration health in Norway published between 2008 and 2020, and assessed them according to research topic, methodology, user-involvement and characteristics of the populations studied (country or area of origin, type of migrant/immigrant status). Results: Of the 707 articles retrieved, 303 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (77%) were within the clinical disciplines reproductive health, mental health, infectious diseases and cardiovascular diseases, or on socio-cultural aspects and the use of healthcare services. One third of the papers (36%) pulled participants from various geographic backgrounds together or did not specify the geographic background. Among those who did so, participants were mostly from The Middle East, South and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Only 14% of the articles specified the type of migrant/immigrant status and those included refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants. A total of 80% of the papers used quantitative methods, of which 15 described an intervention; 15 papers (5%) described different types of user-involvement. Conclusions: Our findings suggest gaps in research related to migrant subgroups, such as those from Eastern-Europe and labour and family reunification migrants. Future studies should further investigate the self-identified health needs of different migrant groups, and might also benefit from a methodological shift towards more intervention studies and participatory approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Qualitative health research has the potential to answer important applied health research questions to inform nutrition and dietetics practice, education and policy. Qualitative health research is a distinct subdiscipline of qualitative inquiry that purposefully draws upon the context of healthcare and emphasises health and wellness. Methods: Qualitative health research is defined by two parameters: (1) the focus of the study and (2) the methods used. When considering the methods to be used, decisions are required about the type of data to be generated (e.g., transcripts, images and notes) and the process involved in data generation (e.g., interviews, elicitation strategies and observations) to answer the research question(s). Drawing upon examples from nutrition and dietetics literature, this paper provides a framework to support decision‐making for nutrition and dietetics researchers and clinician researchers designing conducting qualitative health research. Results: The guiding questions of the framework include: What types of data will be generated? Who is involved in data generation? Where will data generation occur? When will data generation occur? How will data be recorded and managed? and How will participants' and researchers' emotional safety be promoted? Conclusion: Questions about the types of data, those involved, where and when, as well as how safety can be maintained in data generation, not only support a more robust design and description of data generation methods but also keep the person at the centre of the research. Key points: In the discipline of qualitative health research, researchers purposefully consider the person at the centre of the research; adapt methods to consider the healthcare context; and prioritise individual health, wellness and capabilities.This humanisation of research requires researchers to select strategies that minimise the burden placed on participants and to make methodological decisions informed through consideration of participants' well‐being. This includes attention to the promotion of both participants' and researchers' emotional safety.To guide data generation decision‐making in the design and conduct of qualitative health research studies, a framework is presented with practical considerations on the 'who, what, when, where and how?' associated with data collection procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: In 2016, the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, a group of experts in exercise science and health, began an extensive review of the literature to inform the second edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Methods: The purpose of this paper is to describe the evidence-based methodology used to review, evaluate, and synthesize published, peer-reviewed physical activity research. The protocol-driven methodology was designed to maximize transparency, minimize bias, and ensure relevant, timely, and high-quality systematic reviews. Training protocols, quality control procedures, search strategies, assessment instruments, abstraction guides and forms, and reporting templates were developed. Results: A systematic approach was used to select the evidence for the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report that included umbrella reviews and systematic reviews. Within 16 months, 38 searches were conducted; and 20,838 titles, 4913 abstracts, and 2139 full texts were triaged. Of those, 1130 articles were abstracted to answer 38 research questions. Conclusions: To inform population-based physical activity guidelines, this systematic process facilitated a vast review of the literature on physical activity and health in a short period of time. This flexible, yet rigorous and transparent process included a clear and detailed methodology with a focus on training and quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the impacts of a Brazilian home-based programme on violent behaviour of elementary school students. To identify the causal impact, it explores the variation between schools with potentially treated students and the municipalities that implemented the programme over the years. The results suggest a reduction in verbal or physical abuse, theft or robbery, and attack or threat by more than 5 percentage points in schools with treated students. There is also evidence that the effects are greater the sooner children participate in the programme, meaning that early years interventions can be an effective policy to reduce school violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with dementia are often marginalized and excluded from influence, also in relation to dementia research. There is, however, a growing requirement for inclusion through Patient and Public Involvement (PPI), but there is still limited knowledge on how researchers can fully benefit from the involvement of people with dementia in the development and testing of psychosocial interventions. This paper describes the results of a pan‐European consultation with people with dementia, synthesizing their views on outcomes of psychosocial interventions. Objective: To involve people with dementia in establishing what are meaningful outcomes when participating in psychosocial interventions. Setting and participants: Consultations took place at four divergent sites across Europe, involving twenty‐five people with dementia from nine European countries. Methods: The methods used for the consultation were developed through an iterative process involving people with dementia. Data from the consultation were analysed from a thematic analysis approach. Results: The results suggested that people with dementia wish to participate in interventions that enhance their well‐being, confidence, health, social participation and human rights. This highlights a need for improvements in psychosocial research to capture these outcomes. Discussion and conclusions: Involving people with dementia in discussions of psychosocial interventions has enhanced our understanding about meaningful outcome measures in research and methods of data collection. This study suggests that new outcome measures in psychosocial research are needed where concepts of positive psychology and social health can guide innovation and outcome measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reveal the relations of risk behavior and its contextual factors, including the perception of risks that substance use may bring. Statistical analysis is based on the data from the European School Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) [2007.The 2007 ESPAD Report. Stockholm: The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs]. It uses individual data for the 71,287 European students and identifies key behavioral patterns typical for the perception of the risk behavior among European students and the real prevalence of this risk behavior. This study provides support for understanding of adolescent substance use through the analysis of teenagers' behavior and perception applying also a new method of sociomapping. Sociomapping enables to document the scientific facts by an easy, demonstrative manner, which is comprehensible for the students of elementary schools, where the prevention of health risk behavior is essential. The conclusion of the paper draws implications for the preventive practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing science and policy interest in multi-sectoral action, but bridging the gap between family planning and urban development is challenging. This paper analyses the experience of integrating these sectors in sub-Saharan Africa via building research capacity. Family-planning researchers were supported to link with urban-development actors, one goal being to generate lessons on the process of getting their research into the policy domain. The urban governance sector's dynamic and complex nature was a particular challenge for family-planning researchers; in future, structured familiarisation with a sector might facilitate multi-sectoral action and better enable researchers to link with the policy world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid obesity problems in the young population and apparent trends of spending a significant amount of time in a stationary position, promoting healthy nutrition and physical activities to teenagers is becoming increasingly important. It can rely on different methodologies, including a paper diary and mobile applications. However, the widespread use of mobile applications by teenagers suggests that they could be a more suitable tool for this purpose. This paper reviews the methodologies for promoting physical activities to healthy teenagers explored in different studies, excluding the analysis of different diseases. We found only nine studies working with teenagers and mobile applications to promote active lifestyles, including the focus on nutrition and physical activity. Studies report using different techniques to captivate the teenagers, including questionnaires and gamification techniques. We identified the common features used in different studies, which are: paper diary, diet diary, exercise diary, notifications, diet plan, physical activity registration, gamification, smoking cessation, pictures, game, and SMS, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health education is a part of human health education. Education for health is essential for a healthy behaviour. According to the World Health Organization's concept of health, a healthy behaviour must be a normality for an educated life, and the level of health is a measure of qualitative life.Access to educational health services is important for good oral health. Health is a fundamental human right (W.H.O., 2002). This paper is a short review of the methods and techniques of oral health education and of the practical possibilities that can improve the level of general health knowledge. To this purpose, we propose a Model of health education lesson for adults. It can be used as a general model in continuous professional health education. Conclusion: Oral health education can be achieved through different techniques and methods, included in the universal approach of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demographic change and associated shifts in the age structure lead to major challenges in health processes. One way to address this is to increase the use of telemedicine systems and services to ensure non-local yet individualized patient care, such as in rural areas. When considering new medical technology components, we must compensate for age-related changes in perception, cognition and motor skills to achieve user-centered design and take into account psychophysical effect relationships to achieve sustainable acceptance for technology integration. This paper presents various best-practice examples for participatory investigation into influencing factors, with a focus on the different times and periods within the lifecycle of a telemedical product and associated services. In addition to giving concrete design hints derived from individual studies, the paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the paradigms used and provides recommendations for user-centric development with old and very old patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Recruiting college students for research studies can be challenging. The purpose of this paper is to describe the lessons learned in the various recruitment strategies used for enrolling college students in a theory-based, tailored, and web-delivered health intervention at 13 US universities. Design/methodology/approach – The community-based participatory research (CBPR) model was used to develop a staged-tailored, web-based, randomized control trial, focussing on eating behavior, physical activity, and stress management. Participant feedback during baseline assessments was used to evaluate recruitment strategies. Findings – Findings from this feedback suggest that traditional recruitment strategies, such as newspaper ads and flyers, may not be the best approach for recruiting college students; instead, web-based efforts proved to be a better recruitment strategy. Research limitations/implications – This project included results from 13 US universities and thus may not be generalizable: more research is needed to determine successful recruitment methods for 18-24 years old college students. Originality/value – This paper lessens the gap regarding successful recruitment strategies for 18-24 years old college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: A discussion of a proposed method for analysing the quality of consumer‐oriented websites that provide health‐related information. Background: The quality of health information available to consumers online varies widely in quality. In an effort to improve the quality of online information, experts have undertaken systematic reviews on selected health topics; however, no standardized comprehensive methodology currently exists for such review. Design: An eight‐step method is recommended embracing the following steps: (a) select topic; (b) determine the purpose of the analysis; (c) select search terms and engines; (d) develop and apply website inclusion and exclusion criteria; (e) develop processes and tools to manage search results; (f) specify measures of quality; (g) compute readability; (h) evaluate websites. Each of these steps is illustrated in relation to the health topic of gynaecomastia, a physical and mental health challenge for many adolescent males and young men. Implications for nursing: Although most extant analyses of consumer‐oriented websites have focused on disease conditions and their treatment, website analysis methodology would encourage analyses that fall into the nursing care domain. Conclusion: The method outlined in this paper is intended to provide nurses and others who work with specific patient populations with the tools needed for website analytic studies. Such studies provide a foundation for making recommendations about quality websites, and identifying gaps in online information for health consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasingly, public health faces challenges requiring complex, multifaceted and multi-sectoral responses. This calls for systems-based approaches that facilitate the kind of collective and collaborative thinking and working required to address complexity. While the literature on systems thinking, system dynamics and the associated methodologies is extensive, there remains little clear guidance on how to plan, govern and implement participatory systems approaches within a co-creation process. Methods: We used a three-step process to develop DISCOVER, a framework for implementing, and governing systems-based co-creation: Stage 1: We conducted a literature analysis of key texts to identify well-documented methods and phases for co-creation using a systems approach, as well as areas where gaps existed. Stage 2: We looked for the most appropriate methods and approaches to fill the gaps in the knowledge production chain. Stage 3: We developed the framework, identifying how the different tools and approaches fit together end-to-end, from sampling and recruiting participants all the way through to responding with an action plan. Results: We devised DISCOVER to help guide researchers and stakeholders to collectively respond to complex social, health and wider problems. DISCOVER is a strategic research planning and governance framework that provides an actionable, systematic way to conceptualise complex problems and move from evidence to action, using systems approaches and co-creation. In this article, we introduce the eight-step framework and provide an illustrative case study showcasing its potential. The framework integrates complementary approaches and methods from social network analysis, systems thinking and co-creation literature. The eight steps are followed sequentially but can overlap. Conclusions: DISCOVER increases rigour and transparency in system approaches to tackling complex issues going from planning to action. It is being piloted in environmental health research but may be suitable to address other complex challenges and could be incorporated into research proposals and protocols for future projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic amines fulfill different roles in the proper functioning of the human body. They result from oxidation processes in food. Biogenic amines are mainly found in fermented products such as wine, fish, meat and cheeses. Their existence in small quantities does not affect people's health, but in a larger volume leads to poisoning. The most common biogenic amine poisonings were found in tyramine and histamine. The main symptoms of poisoning are increased blood pressure and headaches. The concentration of biogenic amines in cheeses is influenced by several factors: temperature, baking time, pH, the culture used, environmental conditions, the origin of the raw material (raw or pasteurized milk and microbiological load. Compliance with hygienic conditions and the correct manufacturing process does not increase the amount of biogenic amines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing transparency and openness in science is an ongoing endeavor, one that has stimulated self-reflection and reform in many fields. However, kinesiology and its related disciplines are among those exhibiting an "ostrich effect" and a reluctance to acknowledge their methodological shortcomings. Notwithstanding several high-profile cases of scientific misconduct, scholars in the field are frequently engaged in questionable research practices (QRPs) such as biased experimental designs, inappropriate statistics, and dishonest/inexplicit reporting. To advance their careers, researchers are also "gaming the system" by manipulating citation metrics and publishing in predatory and/or pay-to-publish journals that lack robust peer review. The consequences of QRPs in the discipline may be profound: from increasing the false positivity rate to eroding public trust in the very institutions tasked with informing public health policy. But what are the incentives underpinning misconduct and QRPs? And what are the solutions? This narrative review is a consciousness raiser that explores (a) the manifestations of QRPs in kinesiology; (b) the excessive publication pressures, funding pressures, and performance incentives that are likely responsible; and (c) possible solutions for reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress affects both the body and mind, as well as the behavior. For this reason it is important to know what are the causes of stress, what are the effects, symptoms and psychosomatic manifestations, as well as the solutions, the ways to combat stress and methods of self-regulation. The way we ensure our personal resilience regarding daily challenges and high-impact events in our lives is critical. Thus, it will increase tolerance to difficult bodily sensations and suppressed emotions to reduce uncontrolled reactions in relationships with others and will increase our quality of life. By exploring the somatic dimension in psychology, we can expand our ability to connect with our body and emotions, to regulate our nervous system, and increase our capacity to connect with others. These therapeutic methods centered on the body and the emotions have an important role in managing stress, preventing burnout, various diseases and conditions, and recovering from trauma. The psychosomatic approach provides useful tools for regulating the nervous system, increasing resilience, reducing symptoms and improving our lives by promoting well-being and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid obesity problems in the young population and apparent trends of spending a significant amount of time in a stationary position, promoting healthy nutrition and physical activities to teenagers is becoming increasingly important. It can rely on different methodologies, including a paper diary and mobile applications. However, the widespread use of mobile applications by teenagers suggests that they could be a more suitable tool for this purpose. This paper reviews the methodologies for promoting physical activities to healthy teenagers explored in different studies, excluding the analysis of different diseases. We found only nine studies working with teenagers and mobile applications to promote active lifestyles, including the focus on nutrition and physical activity. Studies report using different techniques to captivate the teenagers, including questionnaires and gamification techniques. We identified the common features used in different studies, which are: paper diary, diet diary, exercise diary, notifications, diet plan, physical activity registration, gamification, smoking cessation, pictures, game, and SMS, among others.

Background: Accurate monitoring of population health is essential to ensure proper recovery after earthquakes. We aimed to summarize the findings and features of post-earthquake epidemiological studies conducted in high-income countries and to prompt the development of future surveillance plans.Methods: Medline, Scopus and six sources of grey literature were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were: observational study conducted in high-income countries with at least one comparison group of unexposed participants, and measurement of health outcomes at least 1 month after the earthquake.Results: A total of 52 articles were included, assessing the effects of 13 earthquakes that occurred in eight countries. Most studies: had a time-series (33%) or cross-sectional (29%) design; included temporal comparison groups (63%); used routine data (58%); and focused on patient subgroups rather than the whole population (65%). Individuals exposed to earthquakes had: 2% higher all-cause mortality rates [95% confidence interval (CI), 1% to 3%]; 36% (95% CI, 19% to 57%) and 37% (95% CI, 29% to 46%) greater mortality rates from myocardial infarction and stroke, respectively; and 0.16 higher mean percent points of glycated haemoglobin (95% CI, 0.07% to 0.25% points). There was no evidence of earthquake effects for blood pressure, body mass index or lipid biomarkers.Conclusions: A more regular and coordinated use of large and routinely collected datasets would benefit post-earthquake epidemiological surveillance. Whenever possible, a cohort design with geographical and temporal comparison groups should be used, and both communicable and non-communicable diseases should be assessed. Post-earthquake epidemiological surveillance should also capture the impact of seismic events on the access to and use of health care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare environments are increasingly implementing health information technology (HIT) and those from various professions must be competent to use HIT in meaningful ways. In addition, HIT has been shown to enable interprofessional approaches to health care. The purpose of this article is to describe the refinement of the Self-Assessment of Nursing Informatics Competencies Scale (SANICS) using analytic techniques based upon item response theory (IRT) and discuss its relevance to interprofessional education and practice. In a sample of 604 nursing students, the 93-item version of SANICS was examined using non-parametric IRT. The iterative modeling procedure included 31 steps comprising: (1) assessing scalability, (2) assessing monotonicity, (3) assessing invariant item ordering, and (4) expert input. SANICS was reduced to an 18-item hierarchical scale with excellent reliability. Fundamental skills for team functioning and shared decision making among team members (e.g. “using monitoring systems appropriately,” “describing general systems to support clinical care”) had the highest level of difficulty, and “demonstrating basic technology skills” had the lowest difficulty level. Most items reflect informatics competencies relevant to all health professionals. Further, the approaches can be applied to construct a new hierarchical scale or refine an existing scale related to informatics attitudes or competencies for various health professions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: The climate crisis and its impact on human health are already being felt around the world, and are projected to worsen in the coming decades. There is a need to address the health vulnerability of populations. Health vulnerability and adaptation assessments are being carried out at various scales to contribute towards adaptation planning. Several tools and methods have been developed and applied in different contexts. Methods: This scoping review was able to identify 25 tools and methods for assessing health vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review guidelines. Data on the methods used, unit of assessment, scope of climatic hazards and health concerns addressed, consideration of climate projections, stakeholder involvement, and tool outputs were extracted. Results: Most of the identified papers were based on assessments conducted in high-income countries (56%). The majority of the approaches assessed health vulnerability at the level of a district or below (72%). Over half of the approaches considered all the relevant climate hazards (52%) and health concerns (52%) during the assessment, while some approaches only focused on one or a few specific aspects such as extreme heat (16%) or dengue (8%). Information about the resources needed for conducting these assessments was unavailable. Conclusions: While health planners may benefit from the description of approaches for health vulnerability assessment included in this review, evaluations of the approaches applied in particular contexts can provide additional rich insights. In addition, these assessment approaches should be piloted in neglected locations, and new approaches should be developed based on contextual needs and identified gaps.

We aim to give an overview of the state of the art of causal analysis of demographic issues related to morbidity and mortality. We will systematically introduce strategies to identify causal mechanisms, which are inherently linked to panel data from observational surveys and population registers. We will focus on health and mortality, and on the issues of unobserved heterogeneity and reverse causation between health and (1) retirement, (2) socio-economic status, and (3) characteristics of partnership and fertility history. The boundaries between demographic research on mortality and morbidity and the neighbouring disciplines epidemiology, public health and economy are often blurred. We will highlight the specifi c contribution of demography by reviewing methods used in the demographic literature. We classify these methods according to important criteria, such as a design-based versus model-based approach and control for unobserved confounders. We present examples from the literature for each of the methods and discuss the assumptions and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods for the identifi cation of causal effects in demographic morbidity and mortality research. The differentiation between methods that control for unobserved confounders and those that do not reveals a fundamental difference between (1) methods that try to emulate a randomised experiment and have higher internal validity and (2) methods that attempt to achieve conditional independence by including all relevant factors in the model. The latter usually have higher external validity and require more assumptions and prior knowledge of relevant factors and their relationships. It is impossible to provide a general defi nition of the sort of validity that is more important, as there is always a trade-off between generalising the results to the population of interest and avoiding biases in the estimation of causal effects in the sample. We hope that our review will aid researchers in identifying strategies to answer their specifi c research question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What audit tools are available to assess neighborhood suitability for aging in place? Drawing on theories from environmental gerontology, the article outlines physical and social environmental characteristics influencing aging. Eight research audit tools and three community/practitioner tools were identified using a Boolean search strategy. They emphasize walkability and the physical attributes of places. Areas for further development include addressing specific features related to aging, a wider range of environments, additional physical and social dimensions, and conducting audits using technologies and participatory processes to better incorporate aging experiences. For planners, these audit tools raise awareness of how environments can better support aging populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over five million households in France are estimated to be in fuel poverty and so possibly exposed to low indoor temperatures. Such exposure is a threat to health. Besides the individual’s suffering, negative health outcomes, ranging from mild respiratory conditions to death, create demands on the health sector and costs to society. The health costs associated with energy inefficient dwellings have been calculated in England using a method based on the Housing Health & Safety Rating System (HHSRS); a health-based risk assessment system, adopted in 2006 as the prescribed statutory method for appraising housing conditions in England and Wales. The aim of this study was to use the English approach to estimate the health costs attributable to energy inefficient dwellings and energy vulnerability in France, and to analyse the cost benefits of thermal upgrades. This article details the methodology used to match the English and French housing energy efficiency assessment to provide the foundation necessary for the estimation of costs. This work has demonstrated that it is practicable to adapt the English HHSRS based approach, so that it can be used in another country such as France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The benefits of end‐user involvement in health‐care research are widely recognized by research agencies. There are few published evaluations of end‐user involvement in systematic reviews. Objectives: (i) Describe end‐user involvement in a complex mixed‐methods systematic review of ADHD in schools, (ii) reflect on the impact of end‐user involvement, (iii) highlight challenges and benefits experienced and (iv) provide suggestions to inform future involvement. Methods: End‐users were involved in all stages of the project, both as authors and as members of an advisory group. In addition, several events were held with groups of relevant end‐users during the project. Results: End‐user input (i) guided the direction of the research, (ii) contributed to a typology of interventions and outcomes, (iii) contributed to the direction of data analysis and (iv) contributed to the robustness of the syntheses by demonstrating the alignment of interim findings with lived experiences. Challenges included (i) managing expectations, (ii) managing the intensity of emotion, (iii) ensuring that involvement was fruitful for all not just the researcher, (iv) our capacity to communicate and manage the process and (v) engendering a sense of involvement amongst end‐users. Conclusions: End‐user involvement was an important aspect of this project. To minimize challenges in future projects, a recognition by the project management team and the funding provider that end‐user involvement even in evidence synthesis projects is resource intensive is essential to allow appropriate allocation of time and resources for meaningful engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the number of arts-in-health programmes globally continues to increase, there is an growing need for a systematic approach to evaluation both to provide evidence of the efficacy of projects and support continuous quality improvement. The Arts Observational Scale (ArtsObS) is proposed as a mixed-methods tool to evaluate performing arts activities in health care settings. Methods: The tool was developed over two years involving a consultation process with 1,500 patients, relatives and staff, and validated over a six-month period with 805 patients. Construct validity was assessed through extensive literature reviews, and score distributions, inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity were assessed using Pearson's/Spearman's coefficient. Results: Organising constructs were grounded in both empirical and theoretical research. Data collected with the tool were well distributed. Inter-rater reliability was very strong (r =.721, p <.001) and concurrent validity was strong (r =.641, p <.001). Conclusions: ArtsObS is a reliable way of evaluating the impact of arts programmes in health care settings and is recommended to practitioners, project managers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the health sciences have investigated economic and social inequalities in morbidity and mortality for hundreds of years, health inequalities persist and are, by some measures, increasing. This is not simply a situation in which the knowledge exists but is not implemented. Rather, science in general and epidemiology in particular have focused on quantifying the effects of specific agents considered in isolation. This approach is powerful, but, in the absence of ecological concepts that connect parts and wholes, contributes to maintaining health inequalities. By joining movements for human rights and social justice, health scientists can identify research questions that are relevant to public health, develop methods that are appropriate to answering those questions, and contribute to efforts to reduce health inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calls for a political ecology of health have recently emerged in geography. This article builds on these to suggest a practice of a political ecology of health by incorporating the insights of medical anthropology, STS, and history of medicine. Framed around three perspectives – partial and situated knowledges, Marxist-feminist approaches, more-than-human geographies of health – this article argues that incorporating the insights of political ecology and cognate disciplines into the problems we investigate and the methods we use will make for a stronger practice of a political ecology of health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the influence community attitudes have on the health behaviors of its residents (e.g., wearing facemasks, accepting vaccines). Evidence on COVID-19 spread indicates that within-community contexts affect [...]