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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Caffeine is the ergogenic molecule most commonly consumed by general population. This alkaloid has the ability to enhance both physical and cognitive performance. These features make caffeine an ideal candidate for the improvement of deployed military units’ performance. Objective: To revise preexisting scientific evidence concerning the beneficial properties of caffeine, regardless of its formulation, and its utilization in military missions carried out under stressing or unfavourable conditions. Materials and methods: Only studies deemed the most relevant and whose results were robust, reproducible and contrasted enough were taken into consideration. The scientific databases consulted include PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and Elsevier. Discussion: Caffeine consumption among military population is frequent and diverse. The wide variety of formulations available for its employment in military missions promotes the use of this alkaloid as a ergogenic support. Under unfavourable conditions, caffeine has been proven to enhance significantly the performance, which improve the operative time of military units. Conclusion: Caffeine could be able to reduce the consequences of sleep deprivation, such as physical fatigue, or the mental strain caused by long periods of activity. The ideal caffeine consumption would be of 3-6 mg/kg body weight/day, since this dosage has been proven to display all the beneficial effects of caffeine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Many factors can affect the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium files. Nickel-titanium can exist in a soft martensitic state, which improves its cyclic fatigue resistance. The alloy transforms from the austenite to martensite state at a certain temperature, and various factors can modify this transition temperature. Temperature affects the state of the metal; therefore, the way the file behaves at intracanal temperature is significant. The present review aims to gather evidence to show that martensitic files display increased cyclic fatigue resistance compared to conventional files. Materials and methods: A population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study framework was used to formulate the review question and develop the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was conducted using the databases Science Direct, Wiley, PubMed and Google Scholar. A single reviewer screened the results, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were analysed. The Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Cohort Studies was used to assess the quality of the studies. The primary studies and review process were assessed for bias. Results: A total of 642 studies were screened and 22 studies were included. The overall quality of the included studies was judged as moderate. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was found that the Hyflex EDM file (Coltène/Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) is martensitic at intracanal temperature and has higher cyclic fatigue resistance than the other martensitic phase files. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify and analyze the quality of scientific evidence from clinical efficacy studies present in the package inserts of coagulation factors, used in the treatment of hemophilia A and B. Methods: Documentary study developed in two stages. The first stage consisted of identifying the medicine packages inserts electronically registered in the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, and analyzing the availability of the bibliographic references cited therein. This analysis was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. The second step was the analysis of the methodological quality of the efficacy studies. Two trained researchers used the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias version 5.1.0 tools for methodological quality analysis, and Review Manager 5.4 software to generate the risk of bias graph. Results: Of the 17 medicines listed, 7 had referenced package inserts. Of these, 10 studies were eligible for analysis of methodological quality. More than half of the analyzed studies did not control for selection, performance, and detection bias. A total of 100% controlled attrition and reporting biases, and 50% had a high risk of conflict of interest. Conclusion: The biases present are significant and may have influenced the overestimation of the effects of the outcomes of each of the studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urolithiasis is a disease characterized by the formation of stones, which are crystalline accretions that form in the urinary tract from minerals dissolved in the urine. Moreover, it is considered to be a complex and multifactorial disease, requiring treatment. Unfortunately, current treatments are insufficient or may induce several side effects. In fact, medicinal plants are among the anti-litholytic treatments that are strongly recommended by many studies. Indeed, these natural resources contain bioactive molecules of different natures, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids, which have recently demonstrated very important anti-litholytic effects. The molecular mechanisms involved are multiple and variable, and can reach cellular and molecular levels. In this review, we have discussed in depth the work that has studied the bioactive molecules of medicinal plants and their major potential against urolithiasis. Scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were searched from their inception until April 2021.The cellular and molecular mechanisms are presented and discussed. Some mechanisms of action related to these bioactive compounds are highlighted. This review could provide a scientific starting point for further studies on urolithiasis and natural bioactive compounds, especially flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the improvement of the medical level and people’s higher requirements for the quality of life, the quality and requirements for cartilage repair in the clinic are getting more and more, but traditional repair methods cannot regenerate cartilage with good biological properties. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of autologous chondrocyte implantation in recent years, and to analyze its development process, basic science, indications, contraindications, surgical techniques, clinical efficacy and limitations, and look forward to the development trend of this field. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar was performed to retrieve papers published during 1990-2020 with the search terms “autologous chondrocyte implantation, cartilage defect, techniques, clinical effect, indications, contraindications, defect size, treatment after initial failure, return to sports, age, magnetic resonance imaging, limitation” in English and Chinese. The document types include treatise, reviews, case reports, and meta-analysis. A total of over 1 000 papers were retrieved, and 52 of them were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autologous chondrocyte transplantation first appeared for the treatment of knee cartilage defects in the late 1980s. The first generation of autologous chondrocyte transplantation used periosteal patches to seal the cultured chondrocytes in the defect. Due to the proliferation of periosteal grafts, second-generation autologous chondrocyte transplantation used collagen membrane patches instead of periosteal patches. The third generation of autologous chondrocyte transplantation used three-dimensional culture technology to improve cell delivery, allowing minimally invasive implantation, which could regenerate normal cartilage structure with accelerating patient recovery. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation was an effective method to treat high tibia or femoral cartilage defects, but it must solve the problems consisting of coronal force line, ligament laxity, and meniscus injury. Because of the graft needing a long time to mature, patients needed a specific rehabilitation plan to return to the sport, which assisted the injured patients in restoring strength and neuromuscular coordination as much as possible before the graft was fully mature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Promoting work engagement is of interest to organizations across sectors due to the associated positive outcomes. This interest warrants research on the evidence of work engagement interventions. Intervention research increasingly advocates a bottom-up approach, highlighting the role of employees themselves. These workplace interventions often encourage employees to identify, develop, and make use of workplace resources. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the effectiveness and potential underlying mechanisms of these bottom-up, resource-developing interventions. Method: Systematic searches were conducted in the online databases Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Ultimate, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Publication year range was 2000–2020. Eligibility criteria were defined using PICOS. To be eligible for the systematic review, the intervention study identified had to aim at promoting working individuals' work engagement by developing workplace resources from bottom-up. Work engagement had to be measured using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The systematic review included one-, two-, or multiple-armed – randomized or non-randomized – intervention studies with various study designs. Further, a meta-analysis was conducted on a sub-set of the studies included in the systematic review. To be eligible for the meta-analysis, the studies had to be two- or multiple-armed and provide the information necessary to compute effect sizes. Results: Thirty-one studies were included in the systematic review. The majority reported that overall work engagement increased as an effect of the intervention. The evidence regarding the sub-components of work engagement was scattered. Potential underlying mechanisms explored were intervention foci, approach, and format. Dimensions of satisfaction and performance were identified as secondary outcomes. Participant experiences were generally described as positive in most of the studies applying mixed methods. The meta-analysis showed a small but promising intervention effect on work engagement (24 studies, SMD: −0.22, 95% CI: −0.34 to −0.11, with I 2=53%, indicating moderate inconsistency in the evidence). Conclusion: The synthesized evidence suggests that bottom-up, resource-developing interventions are effective in the promotion of work engagement. The meta-analysis suggests that focusing on strengths use or mobilizing ego resources and adopting a universal approach increase intervention effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review was to know how academic stress develops in university students, through a systematic review of the different studies carried out on the subject. For this, a search was carried out in important scientific databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCO, Google Scholar, among others; using the most important keywords of our problem; This in order to find the foundations raised and the theories given by various authors found between the years 2018 to 2020. Selection criteria will be applied to those works that do not meet the proposed characteristics, through a rigorous process specified through a search process flow PRISMA model, where 21 of 207 articles obtained from the aforementioned databases were chosen. The conclusions are that excessive academic load is one of the biggest stressors in university students, so it is extremely important to develop actions to prevent academic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Neurological involvements of COVID-19 are one of the most reported manifestations of this infection. This study aims to systematically review the previous systematic reviews which addressed the neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science databases and Google Scholar from December 2019 to December 2020. Articles were critically screened by two independent reviewers and if met the inclusion criteria, entered the study. Assessment of methodological quality was conducted by Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. Statistical analysis was not applicable. From a total of 1302 studies, 308 studies were removed due to their irrelevant title and abstract. After screening the full texts, a total of 66 found to be eligible. Twenty-one studies reported general manifestations of the COVID-19, 13 studies reported cerebrovascular events, 19 olfactory and oral dysfunctions, 5 systematic reviews on Guillen–Barré syndrome (GBS) and 8 articles on the sporadic manifestations like ocular signs and symptoms. The majority of the studies were classified as critically low or low in terms of quality. Conclusion: Despite great heterogeneity in the current literature, neurological involvements are an important extra-pulmonary aspect of the COVID-19; most commonly in the form of general manifestations like headache and olfactory disturbances. Long-term effects of this virus on the nervous system must be a research priority for future references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Culinary skills are important objects of study in the field of Public Health. Studies that propose to develop instruments for assessing such construct show lack of methodological uniformity to report validity and reliability of their instruments. Objective: To identify studies that have developed instruments to measure culinary skills in adult population, and critically assess their psychometric properties. Design: We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement. We searched literature PubMed/Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science databases until January 2021, and consulted Google Scholar for relevant grey literature. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, conducted data extraction, and assessed the psychometric quality of the instruments. A third reviewer resolved any doubts or disagreements in all steps of the systematic review. Results: The search identified 1148 potentially relevant studies, out of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. In addition, we included 3 studies by searching the related articles and the reference lists of these studies, totaling 12 included studies in this review. Ten studies reported the development of tools measuring culinary skills in adults and 2 studies performed cross-cultural adaptations of original instruments. We considered adequate quality of internal consistency reliability in four studies. One study received adequate rating for test-retest reliability. No studies presented adequate rating for content validity and four studies showed satisfactory results for at least one type of construct validity. One study reported criterion validity and the quality of this psychometric property was inadequate. Conclusions: We identified many studies that surveyed culinary skills. Although the isolated measures appraised in this review show good promise in terms of quality of psychometric properties, no studies presented adequate measures for each aspect of reliability and validity. A more consistent and consensual definition of culinary skills is recommended. The flaws observed in these studies show that there is a need for ongoing research in the area of the psychometric properties of instruments assessing culinary skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebellar development begins during the late embryological period and continues to undergo organizational changes long after birth. The cerebellum is particularly susceptible to developmental abnormalities on exposure to oxidants and free radicals, thus leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant defences which may disrupt signalling pathways, leading to cerebellar anomalies and dysfunction. In this regard, this review assesses current research underlining the importance of the cerebellum, provides an update on substances affecting cerebellar development and highlights some promising antioxidants that may play a role in attenuating toxicity in the developing cerebellum. To accomplish this, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) system was employed and key scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched to explore and collect information on the cerebellum and the role of antioxidants during its development. Originally, 109 articles were obtained but 22 articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected for the review. These findings provide an updated compilation of antioxidants capable of attenuating oxidative damage in the developing cerebellum, thus allowing future interdisciplinary studies in the form of clinical applications for screening and possible development of novel therapeutic agents from the identified products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skimmia laureola (Family: Rutaceae), commonly known as Kedarpati is an evergreen shrub native to the Himalayan regions. Different parts of the plant have traditionally been used as a remedy for numerous diseases including stomach ache, dysentery, nausea, smallpox, body pain, flu, and diabetes. S. laureola has been investigated for its chemical composition and biological activities by various researchers. The essential oil has been evaluated for various pharmacological properties including insecticidal, antifungal, anthelmintic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. A thorough bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing worldwide accepted scientific databases including SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online as well as offline sources. The present review is aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of the essential oil of S. laureola to highlight its ethnopharmacological importance, to explore its chemo-therapeutic potentials, and to provide a basis for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between new fasting hormone asprosin, obesity, and acute–chronic exercise. The prisma guidelines were followed in forming the methodological model of this review. The articles between 2016 and 2020 (including March) were identified by scanning Google Scholar, Pub Med, and Science Direct databases. Thirty-five articles were defined from 188 articles. Three cross-sectional, and 1 prospective cohort design studies in adults, and 3 cross-sectional studies in children were found. Three randomised-control group designed studies which examined the effect of acute exercise on serum asprosin levels in obese individuals. Asprosin may be a new therapeutic biomarker to be considered in the development, but long-term and deep-rooted researches are needed, and increasing the number of studies examining the effect of exercise on asprosin in the future might help us to identify the mechanisms underlying the decrease or increase in asprosin after exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous bibliometric analyses of industrial symbiosis (IS) research have focused on a limited body of literature owing to the scope of keyword searches or limitations of library databases. This study seeks to apply bibliometrics to explore broader, epistemological questions, particularly about the structure and geospatial development of IS as a sub‐field of industrial ecology. We also evaluate the benefits of using Google Scholar, in addition to the conventional databases Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus, for better understanding academic domains. By using WoS and Scopus, 805 articles on IS that met our criteria were identified, published in 212 journals from 1995 through 2018. On average, the cumulative number of relevant articles grew at an exponential rate of 18% per year—more than double the estimated growth of global scientific output. We observed the largest increases in articles that: (1) model the material and energy flows in IS clusters; (2) propose strategies and ideas for implementing symbiosis; and (3) evaluate the performance of IS networks. By the end of 2018, 54 countries were featured in IS articles retrieved from WoS and Scopus, with China as the single most studied country. The analysis of Google Scholar suggested that it can capture more IS articles than the conventional databases owing to its unique characteristic of searching the entire text of documents rather than solely their metadata as with WoS and Scopus. Google Scholar revealed IS discourse from additional countries and disciplines previously omitted, enabling a more acute view of its patterns of diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a cluster-randomized trial (CRT), the number of participants enrolled often varies across clusters. This variation should be considered during both trial design and data analysis to ensure statistical performance goals are achieved. Most methodological literature on the CRT design has assumed equal cluster sizes. This scoping review focuses on methodology for unequal cluster size CRTs. EMBASE, Medline, Google Scholar, MathSciNet and Web of Science databases were searched to identify English-language articles reporting on methodology for unequal cluster size CRTs published until March 2021. We extracted data on the focus of the paper (power calculation, Type I error etc.), the type of CRT, the type and the range of parameter values investigated (number of clusters, mean cluster size, cluster size coefficient of variation, intra-cluster correlation coefficient, etc.), and the main conclusions. Seventy-nine of 5032 identified papers met the inclusion criteria. Papers primarily focused on the parallel-arm CRT (p-CRT, n = 60, 76%) and the stepped-wedge CRT (n = 14, 18%). Roughly 75% of the papers addressed trial design issues (sample size/power calculation) while 25% focused on analysis considerations (Type I error, bias, etc.). The ranges of parameter values explored varied substantially across different studies. Methods for accounting for unequal cluster sizes in the p-CRT have been investigated extensively for Gaussian and binary outcomes. Synthesizing the findings of these works is difficult as the magnitude of impact of the unequal cluster sizes varies substantially across the combinations and ranges of input parameters. Limited investigations have been done for other combinations of a CRT design by outcome type, particularly methodology involving binary outcomes—the most commonly used type of primary outcome in trials. The paucity of methodological papers outside of the p-CRT with Gaussian or binary outcomes highlights the need for further methodological development to fill the gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the basic economic laws that reflect the patterns of economic phenomena is the law of competition. According to it, in a market economy, those business entities with certain competitive advantages operate and develop successfully. Within the competitive market, organizations are forced to increase their competitiveness, forming certain competitive advantages in the appropriate space-time conditions. Globalization and integration trends make more stringent and complex requirements for various enterprises, leading to increased competition in national and international markets. The multifactorial dependence of organizational competitiveness makes it possible to form new ways to increase the level of this indicator. Endogenous and exogenous factors, in turn, create functional links between different sectors of the economy. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the concept of "Organizational competitiveness" using numerous software tools to identify links between factors of organizational competitiveness, its source, and antecedents. The methods used in the study include initial keyword search, data analysis and refinement, and clustering. Harzing's Publish or Perish tool is used for initial investigation, BibExcel, VOSviewer, and MS Excel - for data analysis and refinement. The article uses data from the three most significant databases of scientific publications: Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. Searching and comparing information taken from several sources allows for a comprehensive analysis of the literature and understanding of the principles of bibliometric maps of publications. In the framework of this study, the authors formed and analyzed cluster groups of concepts, the principles of their grouping, developed scientific approaches to clustering key terms in several databases. The relevance of this study lies in its impact on the process of forming conceptual clusters. With the help of the proposed scientific approaches, it is possible to explain the dependencies in the cluster distribution of individual definitions, their relationship with each other, the degree of belonging to a particular factor of organizational competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: During recent years, evidence-based practice as a way to support higher standards of care was emphasized by health care policymakers. Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common problem that affects the quality of life in individuals. Today, the use of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) for treating SD has been considered, so this study was performed to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy and safety of ginkgo in treating SD. Materials and Methods: In this review study, electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Web of science and Persian databases such as SID and Magiran were searched up to March 2020, to identify all the studies reporting the effect of GBE for effectiveness on sexual function and its safety. The search was performed using the keywords of Ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba, Complementary and alternative medicine, women sexual dysfunction, and male sexual dysfunction. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine checklist. Results: Among 156 articles found in the initial search, 5 randomized controlled trials (475 participants) were selected for this study. After a meticulous review, we found that G. biloba can have positive effects on the sexual function of postmenopausal women, while evidence shows that it has no effect on the sexual function of antidepressants users. Headaches and gastrointestinal disturbance were among the adverse events mentioned in several trials. Conclusion: We concluded that G. biloba has limited positive effects on sexual function and more studies are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Education is the property of Mehmet Tekerek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy. The latest guidelines emphasize stratifying the patients in terms of CAT risks periodically. Multiple risk assessment models (RAMs) were developed to classify patients and guide thromboprophylaxis to high-risk patients. This study aimed to discuss and highlight different RAMs across various malignancy types with their related advantages and disadvantages. A scoping review was conducted using predefined search terms in three scientific databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. The search for studies was restricted to original research articles that reported risk assessment models published in the last thirteen years (between 2008 and 2021) to cover the most recently published evidence following the development of the principal risk assessment score in 2008. Data charting of the relevant trials, scores, advantages, and disadvantages were done iteratively considering the malignancy type. Of the initially identified 1115 studies, 39 studies with over 67,680 patients were included in the review. In solid organ malignancy, nine risk assessment scores were generated. The first and most known Khorana risk score still offers the best available risk assessment model when used for high-risk populations with a threshold of 2 and above. However, KRS has a limitation of failure to stratify low-risk patients. The COMPASS-CAT score showed the best performance in the lung carcinoma patients who have a higher prevalence of thrombosis than other malignancy subtypes. In testicular germ cell tumours, Bezan et al RAM is a validated good discriminatory RAM for this malignancy subtype. CAT in haematological malignancy seems to be under-investigated and has multiple disease-related, and treatment-related confounding factors. AL-Ani et al score performed efficiently in acute leukemia. In multiple myeloma, both SAVED and IMPEDED VTE scores showed good performance. Despite the availability of different disease-specific scores in lymphoma-related thrombosis, the standard of care needs to be redefined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Utilization of post-abortion family planning is very critical to reduce high levels of unintended pregnancy, which is the root cause of induced abortion. In Eastern Africa, it is estimated that as many as 95% of unintended pregnancies occurred among women who do not practice contraception at all. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess post-abortion family planning utilization and its determinant factors in Eastern Africa. Methods: Published papers from Scopus, HINARI, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science electronic databases and grey literature repository were searched from database inception to January 30, 2020, with no restriction by design and date of publishing. We screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. Cochrane I2 statistics were used to check the heterogeneity of the studies. Publication bias was assessed by Egger and Biggs test with a funnel plot. A random-effects model was calculated to estimate the pooled prevalence of post-abortion family planning utilization. Results: A total of twenty-nine cross-sectional studies with 70,037 study participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of post-abortion family planning utilization was 67.86% (95% CI 63.59–72.12). The most widely utilized post-abortion family methods were injectable 33.23% (95% CI 22.12–44.34), followed by implants 24.71% (95% CI 13.53–35.89) and oral contraceptive pills 23.42% (95% CI 19.95–26.89). Married marital status (AOR=3.20; 95% CI 2.02–5.05), multiparity (AOR=3.84; 95% CI 1.43–10.33), having a history of abortion (AOR=2.33; 95% CI 1.44–3.75), getting counselling on post-abortion family planning (AOR=4.63; 95% CI 3.27–6.56), and ever use of contraceptives (AOR=4.63; 95% CI 2.27–5.21) were factors associated with post-abortion family planning utilization in Eastern Africa. Conclusions: This study revealed that the marital status of the women, multiparity, having a history of abortion, getting counselling on post-abortion family planning, and ever used contraceptives were found to be significantly associated with post-abortion family planning utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for stroke or ST-elevation myocardial infarction recommend the use of oral vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as a first-line anticoagulant. Although several studies have compared the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) to VKAs for left ventricular thrombus (LVT) anticoagulation therapy, they are small scale and have produced conflicting results. Thus, this meta-analysis was performed to aggregate these studies to better compare the efficacy and safety of DOACs with VKAs in patients with LVT. Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Web of Science database searches through January 10, 2021 were performed. Eight studies evaluating stroke or systemic embolism (SSE), six studies for LVT resolution, and five studies for bleeding were included. There were no statistically significant differences in SSE (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.46, 1.71; p = 0.73; I2 = 45%) and LVT resolution (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.75, 1.71; p = 0.56; I2 = 1%) between DOAC and VKA (reference group) therapy. DOAC use was significantly associated with lower bleeding event rates compared to VKA use (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.40, 0.93; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). DOACs may be feasible alternative anticoagulants to vitamin K antagonists for LV thrombus treatment. Randomized controlled trials directly comparing DOACs with VKAs are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to investigate the prevalence of complete edentulism in Iran. Method: An electronic search was performed using three scientific databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Irandoc. Moreover, a hand search was performed on theses in the Dental Faculty of Shahed University. Studies published since 2000 were included if they reported on the prevalence of edentulism in Iran in populations at least 35 years old. Eight articles and seven theses were included in the study. Result: The reported prevalence of edentulism in Iran ranges from 3% to 78%. Conclusions: In this study the reported prevalence has remained stable during the studied period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Post-trip safety intervention approaches are reviewed for four transport modes. • Cars, trucks, buses, and rail intervention technologies are overviewed. • Smartphone applications, gamification and reward schemes are effective solutions. • No holistic cross-modal post-trip intervention solution is yet developed or tested. Introduction: Currently, risky driving behaviour is a major contributor to road crashes and as a result, wide array of tools have been developed in order to record and improve driving behaviour. Within that group of tools, interventions have been indicated to significantly enhance driving behaviour and road safety. This study critically reviews monitoring technologies that provide post-trip interventions, such as retrospective visual feedback, gamification, rewards or penalties, in order to inform an appropriate driver mentoring strategy delivered after each trip. Method: The work presented here is part of the European Commission H2020 i-DREAMS project. The reviewed platform characteristics were obtained through commercially available solutions as well as a comprehensive literature search in popular scientific databases, such as Scopus and Google Scholar. Focus was given on state-of-the-art-technologies for post-trip interventions utilized in four different transport modes (i.e. car, truck, bus and rail) associated with risk prevention and mitigation. Results: The synthesized results revealed that smartphone applications and web-based platforms are the most accepted, frequently and easiest to use tools in cars, buses and trucks across all papers considered, while limited evidence of post-trip interventions in -rail was found. The majority of smartphone applications detected mobile phone use and harsh events and provided individual performance scores, while in-vehicle systems provided delayed visual reports through a web-based platform. Conclusions: Gamification and appropriate rewards appeared to be effective solutions, as it was found that they keep drivers motivated in improving their driving skills, but it was clear that these cannot be performed in isolation and a combination with other strategies (i.e. driver coaching and support) might be beneficial. Nevertheless, as there is no holistic and cross-modal post-trip intervention solution developed in real-world environments, challenges associated with post-trip feedback provision and suggestions on practical implementation are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The overuse of prescribed antimicrobials, concurrent use of traditional medicine, and prescribed antimicrobials have led to antimicrobial resistance. The absence of collaboration between traditional health practitioners and biomedically trained healthcare professionals can contribute to antimicrobial resistance, treatment failure, overdose, toxicity, and misadministration. This scoping review explores the evidence on collaboration between traditional health practitioners and biomedically trained healthcare professionals to reduce antimicrobial resistance and treatment failure in bacterial and viral diseases. Methods: We will search for electronic databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and MEDLINE via EBSCOhost. We will also search reference lists of included studies. A two-stage mapping procedure will be carried out. Stage one (1) will consist of the title, abstracts, and full article screening, respectively. A pilot screening form guided by the defined eligibility criteria will be used. In stage two (2), data will be extracted from the included studies. Two reviewers will conduct parallel screening and data extraction. Mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) will be used to assess the quality of the included studies. NVIVO version 11 will be employed to aid pertinent thematic analysis. The outcomes of interest will be as follows: Primary outcome will be preventing and reducing antimicrobial resistance. The secondary effect is the effective collaboration between traditional healthcare practitioners and biomedically healthcare professionals. Discussion: This review anticipates uncovering pertinent publications reporting the evidence of collaboration between traditional health practitioners and biomedically trained healthcare professionals to reduce antimicrobial resistance in sub-Saharan Africa. The sum-up of evidence acquired from the included studies will help guide future research. The result of the study will be print and electronically exposed. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42017072952 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's mindset has been focusing on the use of natural medicines, food, and healing practices widely recognized by the nation's culture. Traditional medicines and herbs used in traditional medicine can often lead to the discovery of drugs against certain diseases. The aim of this review was to study evidence-based data on the importance of Sembung plant, Blumea balsamifera, as a potential traditional medicine. The distribution, ethnopharmacology, secondary metabolites, and bioactivity against several diseases are focused in this review. Information and research related to Sembung plant were searched using the terms "B. balsamifera," "phytochemicals," and "pharmacological activity" on ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and scientific information-based databases up to 2020. Several ethnomedical articles recommend B. balsamifera for the treatment of sinusitis, colic pain, cough, kidney stones, flu, or as a diuretic. This knowledge has already been applied in several countries in Southeast Asia. B. balsamifera has been reported to contain several phytochemicals both volatile (terpenoids, fatty acids, phenols, alcohol, aldehydes, ethers, ketones, pyridines, furans, and alkanes) and non-volatile (flavonoids, flavanones, and chalcones). Extracts and phytochemicals of B. balsamifera contain several biological capacities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, antiinfertility, hepatoprotective activity, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, antitumor, anticancer, and immunomodulatory agent against Coronavirus disease-19 infection. This review provides essential data for the potential application of B. balsamifera as a nutraceutical or in future medicinal preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical restraint (PR) is a routine care measure in many hospital wards to ensure patient safety. However, it is associated with many different professional, legal, and ethical challenges. Some guidelines and principles have been developed in some countries for appropriate PR use. The present study aimed to explore the principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people. Methods: This was an integrative review. For data collection, a literature search was conducted in Persian and English databases, namely Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed as well as the websites of healthcare organizations and associations. Eligibility criteria were publication in English or Persian between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2021, and description of the principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used for document screening and selection, while the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument were used for quality appraisal. The data were analyzed through constant comparison. Results: Primarily, 772 records were retrieved, while only twenty were eligible for the study. The principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people were categorized into six main categories, namely principles of education for PR use, principles of decision making for PR use, principles of implementing the PR procedure, principles of monitoring patients with PR, principles of PR use documentation, and principles of PR management. Conclusion: PR should be used only by trained healthcare providers, with the consent of patient or his/her family members, with standard devices and safe techniques, based on clear guidelines, and under close managerial supervision. Moreover, elderly people with PR should continuously be monitored for any PR-related complications. The findings of the present study can be used for developing clear PR-related guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurate decision-making in triage requires continuous education, so triage nurses should receive annual refresher courses. Identifying the most effective method can make the provision of practical education to triage staff in hospitals possible. This review was conducted with the aim to determine the effectiveness of triage education methods in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review on educational intervention studies, international and Iranian medical sciences databases were searched using a defined search strategy compatible with each database. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SID, Islamic Science Center (ISC), and IranDoc databases were searched for literature published from January 2010 to January 2020. The MeSH terms of "health care staff," "triage," "education," and "Iran" in English and Persian were combined to develop a search strategy. Initially, 768 article titles were retrieved. Finally, 16 articles were selected for the review. Results: All conducted studies were quasi-experimental. Half of the studies had used a face-to-face approach for education (workshop, lecture, and simulation), and four studies had used lectures and pamphlets. All studies (except 1) reported that their educational intervention significantly improved nursing knowledge on triage. Conclusions: Almost all studies had reported the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving nurses' triage knowledge. However, it seems that the non-face-to-face method is superior to the face-to-face method because of its learner-centeredness and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, providing educational content using a blended learning approach (simulation and games) can enhance the effectiveness of triage education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenology of vascular epiphytes, which account for about 10 % of the world's flowering plants and perform important ecological functions, has been just partially explored. Since phenology is a key tool for the management and conservation of species, the objective of this review was to synthesize the information published so far about the phenology of vascular epiphytes, detect gaps of knowledge, and suggest future lines of investigation to understand the underlying mechanisms. We conducted an online search for articles in Google Scholar and in the ISI Web of Science database from 1800 to 2020, with different combinations of keywords. 107 studies addressing the phenology of different holoepiphyte species were found; 88 % of the studies were performed in the Neotropic, especially in tropical and subtropical wet forests. The phenology of only ca. 2 % (418 spp.) of all reported holoepiphyte species has been explored. There is a bias toward the study of the flowering and fruiting phenology in members of the Orchidaceae (192 spp.) and Bromeliaceae (124 spp.) families. In general, the vegetative and reproductive phenology of epiphytes tends to be seasonal; however, there is a huge gap in our understanding of the proximate and ultimate factors involved. Future research should explicitly focus on studying those factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: RARS is a challenging clinical phenomenon that affects many patients, and diagnostic criteria for this condition are not fully characterized in the literature. Objective: To examine diagnostic criteria for recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS). Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Cochrane, PubMed (MEDLINE), clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were queried for articles related to RARS dating from 1990 to present, according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Full text articles pertinent to the diagnostic criteria of RARS were included in this review. Inclusion criteria included articles specifically addressing RARS; studies with 3 or more patients; and articles in English. Results: A total of 1022 titles/abstracts potentially related to RARS were identified. Of these, sixty-nine full texts were selected for review, and 22 of these ultimately met inclusion criteria. The level of evidence was generally low. Studies and guidelines have used many different definitions for RARS diagnosis over the years based on symptomatology, physical examination, nasal endoscopy, imaging, and laboratory domains. Clinically important RARS has been defined most commonly as 4 or more discrete episodes of ARS per year, but this frequency is typically based on expert opinion. Additionally, radiologic anatomic associations such as concha bullosa, accessory maxillary os, and narrowed infundibular distance may be associated with RARS. Endoscopic visualization and imaging are sometimes used to confirm the presence of sinus disease during exacerbations of RARS, but there is variability in this practice. Conclusion: The diagnostic definition for RARS has developed over time and is currently based on low level 4 and 5 evidence. Because of the migratory definition of RARS, comparing inter-study results of RARS management remains difficult, and future studies should aim to follow current expert guidelines on diagnostic criteria of RARS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social marketing emphasizes the use of commercial marketing concepts and their application for social purposes and also the change of voluntary behavior in a nonprofit manner. This study mainly aimed to examine the effectiveness of social marketing in changing the physical activity of the elderly. Besides, this study sought to determine the extent to which the Andreason social marketing criteria have been targeted in social marketing interventions. Methods: This was a narrative review study that investigated social marketing interventions to promote elderly physical activity, during 2000-2019. The scientific databases (Elmnet, SID, Irandoc, Civilica, Medline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Emerald) were searched between February and March 2019. The searched keywords included physical activity, social marketing, the elderly, social marketing mix, improving physical activity level, social marketing intervention, social marketing campaigns, and the Andreasen criteria. Finally, nine articles entered the study. Then, the mixed marketing components were extracted from the interventions, and six benchmarks of the Andrasen social marketing interventions were analyzed. Results: Most articles employed four components of the marketing mix. No intervention had applied the six measures of the Andrasen social marketing criteria. Also, five studies reported positive behavioral changes. However, other studies have reported no change in negative behavior. According to the evidence gathered in our study, social marketing offers an effective behavioral change approach to increase physical activity in the elderly. Conclusion: The present findings provide the basis for comprehensive and effective social marketing interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-term and complex supervisor-doctoral student relationship is often characterised by tension and frictions. In higher education research, models, and interventions that take the potential beneficial interpersonal effects of compassion into account seem to be scarce. Hence, the aim of this study was to conceptualise the potential role compassion could have in the cultivation of an affiliative and sustainable supervisor-doctoral student relationship. The concept of compassion was investigated and analysed in relation to a contemporary model of supervisor behaviours. Furthermore, a systematic literature search in the scientific databases PubMed, PsychInfo, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar was performed. The conceptual analysis revealed that the interpersonal domain, in which compassion could afford a shared sense of warmth, is neglected in previous definitions. Furthermore, the integration of compassion into a model of adaptive supervisor behaviour indicates a strong case for a salutary role for compassion in the supervisor-doctoral student relationship. However, the literature review showed that empirical data are lacking, and more studies are needed. The role of compassion deserves to be investigated empirically in this particular interpersonal context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/Background: The evaluation of toxicological significance of medicinal plants is necessary prior to their use for drug development or for the purpose of improving the therapeutic efficacy of existing therapies. Regrettably, there is little information on the toxicity profiles of the chemical constituents of commonly used medicinal plants. Meanwhile, available information on the toxicity concerns of the use of medicinal plants are often taken for granted and ignored. Materials and Methods: The information and data used in this review report were sourced from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, SpringerLink, Medline, ScienceDirect, and Mendeley. Results: The noxious chemical compounds in plants may be neurotoxic, mutagenic or cytotoxic. They may disrupt metabolic processes in living organisms and adversely affect the skin and the mucosal tissues, etc. It is noteworthy that the beneficial as well as the toxicological outcomes following the use of plant materials depends on the chemical nature of their constituent bioactive compounds. Conclusion: Plants, especially those used for ethnomedicinal purposes, contain significant amounts of noxious bioactive compounds, which may elicit adverse health effects on both humans and other animals. The isolation and purification of plant bioactive compounds for toxicological evaluation prior to their usage in the development of pharmaceutical formulations is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inonotus rickii (Pat.) Reid (Agaricomycetes: Hymenochaetaceae) is a poroid fungus characterized by the expressive production of chlamydospores, in vivo and in vitro , especially during its anamorphic stage. The species plays important ecological roles, standing out as a phytopathogen, affecting several species of ornamental and wild trees, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. The infected trees develop canker and white rot of the wood, showing symptoms of reduced vegetative vigor and decline of leaves and branches which causes death in some cases. The first record of I. rickii for the Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna) and the first record as causal agent of canker in Schinus molle L. in Brazil is reported here. In addition, we present a checklist of its worldwide geographical distribution and known hosts, from an extensive bibliographic search in Google Scholar, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The species is widespread in tropical and subtropical zones; common in the American continent, especially in Central and South America and the Mediterranean region, and rare in temperate zones. We found specimens growing in both living and dead hosts, totalizing 70 species of hosts, distributed in 43 genera and 22 families. Of these, Acer negundo L. (10.5%), Celtis australis L. (6.5%), and Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. (4.8%), and the Fabaceae (30%), Fagaceae (10%), and Sapindaceae (8.6%) families were the most frequent. We present morphological descriptions and illustrations, as well as the growth characteristics in culture medium. Our study expands the known geographical distribution of I. rickii , including the Cerrado biome, as well as its structural, physiological characteristics, and its hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Tokophobia is an intense fear of childbirth that may result in considerable outcomes. This phenomenon may also be observed in fathers. However, studies are infrequent on tokophobia frequency and its related factors in fathers. Therefore, this study aimed to address tokophobia in fathers. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was performed in databanks such as Ovid and Google Scholar, as well as electronic databases including PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Science Direct, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Barakat (IranMedex), without time limit. Articles were published between 1988 and 2020. Results: Initially, 150 studies were recruited, and finally, 55 of themremained for the final appraisal after omitting unrelated studies. The findings from related studies were organized as the epidemiology of tokophobia inmen, biopsychosocial etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of tokophobia in men. Considering the tendency of fathers to hide tokophobia, providing suitable knowledge and support from health providers can probably retain the trust in this population and help them cope with tokophobia. Conclusions: During pregnancy, fathers may suffer from fear of childbirth that can impact their health and abilities. Thus, during counseling and prenatal care, the providers should pay attention to fathers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to increasing age, is the primary cause of dementia in the world. Clinically, it is characterized by cognitive impairments, progressive memory deficits and diminished learning ability. Despite the comprehensive research in AD, none of the existing treatments prevents the onset and progression of the disease. The use of medicinal plants is a fundamental component of the African traditional healthcare system due to its accessibility and affordability in many parts of rural Africa. However, there is a dearth of an updated comprehensive compilation of potential medicinal plants from the African continent commonly used in the management of AD. The primary focus of the present article is to review evidence from selected African plants in experimental and preclinical studies which have promising prospects to be developed as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD. To achieve this, major scientific databases such as Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar have been searched to investigate and gather information on African traditional medicinal plants useful for the treatment of cognitive deficits, memory impairments and AD. Our search results showed several commonly used medicinal plants and their possible mechanisms of action including inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, modification of Aβ processing, protection against oxidative stress and regulation of antioxidant enzymes activity. This review therefore provides a compilation of medicinal plants that could be further studied for their bioactive constituents; these may become safe, effective and novel therapeutic candidates for the treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Review is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of N‐acetyl cysteine on the male reproductive system and consensus and classification of data found from previous studies. It is undeniable that N‐acetyl cysteine as a powerful antioxidant compound can medicate many diseases such as cardiovascular, kidney, liver and reproductive system disorders. With the increasing environmental pollution that has a direct adverse effect on male fertility, the use of this compound is able to positively function on human fertility health. In this study, we have been collected the main data of scientific articles (1994–2020) about N‐acetyl cysteine effects. By searching in the scientific databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Wiley and Web of Science, related articles were extracted. As a result, all observations have confirmed that N‐acetyl cysteine can improve and normalise the spermatogenesis in the male reproduction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childbirth is considered a significant experience in women's life. Different models of care and interventions without pharmacological approaches have been used to enhance women's positive childbirth experiences, but the most effective interventions have not been clearly identified.Objective: To assess the effectiveness of nonpharmacological approaches in improving women's childbirth experiences.Methods: We searched Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Persian databases (Magiran, Scientific Information Database, and Barakat) from inception until December 2017. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing interventions designed to improve women's childbirth experiences with standard cares were included in this review. Pharmacological interventions were excluded from the study. The outcome measure was women's childbirth experience. Heterogeneity was determined using the Cochrane's test and I2 index. The standardized mean differences were pooled based on random effect models.Results: We included 19 studies (10,141 women) in the review. Results of the meta-analysis of 18 studies (8487 women) demonstrated that all the interventions with nonpharmacological approaches improved childbirth experiences (standardized mean difference: 0.49; 95% confidence interval: 0.33-0.66). But, subgroup meta-analysis showed that different models of midwifery care, support during labor and natural therapies were the most effective interventions in improving women's childbirth experience.Conclusions: Nonpharmacological interventions that enable women to feel supported, safe and respected can lead to improved childbirth experiences. However, there is a need for further studies with larger sample sizes and standardized tool to better assess the effectiveness of specific interventions on women's childbirth experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Subjective monitoring of rate of perceived exertion is common practice in many sports. Typically, the information is used to understand the training load and at times modify forthcoming sessions. Identifying the relationship between the athlete and coach's interpretation of training would likely further benefit understanding load management. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the relationship between coaches' rating of intended exertion (RIE) and/or rating of observed exertion (ROE) and athletes' reported rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Methods: The review was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We conducted a search of Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. We assessed the correlation between coach-reported RIE and/or ROE and RPE. Assessment for risk of bias was undertaken using the Quality Appraisal for Reliability Studies (QAREL) checklist. Inclusion criteria were (1) male and/or female individuals, (2) individual and/or team sport active participants, and (3) original research article published in the English language. Results: Data from 19 articles were found to meet the eligibility criteria. A random effect meta-analysis based on 11 studies demonstrated a positive association of player vs. coach rating of RIE (r = 0.62 [95% CI 0.5 to 0.7], p < 0.001). The pooled correlation from 7 studies of player vs. coach rating on ROE was r = 0.64 95% CI (0.5 to 0.7), p < 0.001. Conclusion: There was a moderate to high association between coach RIE and/or ROE and athlete-reported RPE and this association seems to be influenced by many factors. The suggestions we present in this review are based on imploring practitioners to consider a multi-modal approach and the implications of monitoring when using RPE. Trial Registration: CRD42020193387 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational burnout, as a reaction to persistent work pressures, reduces efficiency, wastes manpower, and causes physical and psychological complications. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and intensity of occupational burnout among pre-hospital emergency staff in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data resources included Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC), Irandoc, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results: Initially, 178 articles were extracted, and then 13 articles were finally analyzed. Overall, 2034 pre-hospital emergency personnel were examined. Mean of occupational burnout in term of frequency, respectively for emotional exhaustion (16.78, 95% CI = 8.89-24.67, I2 = 62.30%, p = 0.004), depersonalization (11.57, 95% CI = 6.97-16.18, I2 = 68.50%, p = 0.001) and the lack of personal accomplishment (16.11, 95% CI = 8.60 -23.62, I2 = 74.70%, p = 0 <001) were determined. Also, in term of intensity, respectively for emotional exhaustion (17.90, 95% CI = 8.24-27.57, I2 = 64.80, p = 0.004), depersonalization (11.20, 95% CI = 6.80-16.22, I2 = 49.60%, p = 0.044) and the lack of personal accomplishment (23.45, 95% CI = 13.41 -33.49, I2 = 84.80%, p = 0 <001) were determined. Conclusions: According to findings, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment had moderate and high-level, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary health policymakers pay special attention to identifying and resolving the causes of occupational burnout in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this scoping review, the concept of patients' motivation and the tools that have been designed to measure this concept in clinical settings are presented. Materials and Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's framework was used in conducting the current scoping review. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant English articles published between January 1995 and January 2020 using the keywords motivation and tool, and their synonyms. Out of 2820 articles, 34 articles were chosen and were entered into the final analysis. Definitions of patients' motivation were determined using Kyngäs et al., content analysis method. Results: The findings showed that new tools had been developed in 38% of the studies and other studies had revised or translated existing questionnaires. Moreover, 62% of the tools were used to measure patient motivation in mental disorders. Most of the studies did not clearly define the concept of patient motivation in the clinical environment. The findings of content analysis outlined the 3 categories of motivation determinant factors, decisions, and behaviors that determine overall levels of motivations and its consequences. Conclusions: Motivation is a dynamic concept and is a result of internal and external motives that lead to decisions and behaviors. There are limited tools for measuring motivation in clinical settings. This addresses the need to design specific tools in various diseases, especially chronic diseases. By the concept defined in this study, it is possible to design a short tool with general application that can be used in all diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protracted febrile myalgia syndrome (PFMS) is one of the rare conditions characterized by long standing severe myalgia and fever in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients. Laboratory studies show elevated values of inflammatory markers and normal creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. Rarely, PFMS may be the first manifestation of FMF and this makes the diagnosis of FMF and PFMS challenging. The aim of this report was to describe case series of PFMS patients without previous diagnosis of FMF and discuss with other pediatric PFMS cases described in the literature. Six patients with PFMS as the first manifestation of FMF from two Pediatric Rheumatology clinics were presented. The male: female ratio was 1:1. The median (min–max) age at diagnosis was 7.05 (5.5–15.5) years. All patients had severe myalgia. No fever was detected in two patients. Only one patient had rash. Markedly elevated acute phase reactants were observed in all patients. CPK levels were normal in all patients. Also, we searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases from inception to May 2020, using the keywords 'familial Mediterranean fever, protracted febrile myalgia, child' and 52 pediatric PFMS were found. In the literature, three patients did not have fever, and nineteen patients were not previously diagnosed with FMF as our patients. As a conclusion, PFMS may be the first manifestation of FMF. It should be suspected in cases with prolonged severe myalgia with or without fever, and high acute phase reactants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equines are subject to infection with many parasites, which threaten their health. In the present study, we systematically reviewed existing literature on the prevalence of endo‐ and ectoparasites of equines in Iran. Major electronic databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scientific Information Database (SID), were searched (Last updated 11/05/2018) for relevant literature of parasites that have been identified from equines in Iran. Of the 1809 titles produced by bibliographic search, 38 were included in the review. Twenty‐seven of the studies were on horses, six on donkeys, three on both horses and donkeys, and one study was on both horses and mules. Furthermore, 24 of the studies reported infections caused by protozoa, thirteen by helminths, two by ectoparasites, and one by both protozoa and helminths. The overall pooled prevalence of parasitic infection was 28.8% (95%CI: 22.9–35.7, I2 = 93.4%). Helminths were the most prevalent parasites 46.7% (95% CI: 24.1–70.7, I2 = 96.0%). Furthermore, donkeys were the most affected equine, with a prevalence of 70.7% (95% CI: 53.2–83.7, I2 = 92.5%). The protozoa frequently reported included nine species belonging to the genera: Neospora, Toxoplasma, Theileria, Babesia and Eimeria. Also, the helminths frequently reported included 21 species belonging to the genera: Strongylus, Dicrocoelium, Oxyuris, Habronema, Echinococcus, Dictyocaulus, Cyathostomum, Probstmayria, Anoplocephala, Setaria and Fasciola. Ticks were the only ectoparasites frequently reported. Parasitic fly species of the genera Gasterophilus were also reported. The study‐level risk of bias was likely to be high because of differences in study design. Parasitic infections of equines in Iran are frequent and caused by a diversity of parasites, which threatens the health and well‐being of these animals. Further research is needed in the area to identify the risk factors of infection for effective control of the parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism & Management Studies is the property of Escola Superior de Gestao, Hotelaria e Turismo, Universidade do Algarve and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the existing challenges in the last mile of the global Guinea Worm Eradication Program. Methods: Systematic Review of articles published from 1 January 2000 until 31 December 2019. Papers listed in Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ProQuest PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched and reviewed. Results: Twenty‐five articles met inclusion criteria of the study and were selected for analysis. Hence, relevant data were extracted, grouped and descriptively analysed. Results revealed 10 main challenges complicating the last mile of global guinea worm eradication: unusual mode of transmission; rising animal guinea worm infection; suboptimal surveillance; insecurity; inaccessibility; inadequate safe water points; migration; poor case containment measures, ecological changes; and new geographic foci of the disease. Conclusion: This systematic review shows that most of the current challenges in guinea worm eradication have been present since the start of the campaign. However, the recent change in epidemiological patterns and nature of dracunculiasis in the last remaining endemic countries illustrates a new twist. Considering the complex nature of the current challenges, there seems to be a need for a more coordinated and multidisciplinary approach of dracunculiasis prevention and control measures. These new strategies would help to make history by eradicating dracunculiasis as the first ever parasitic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mucocele of the appendix is a very rare disease entity that often discovered incidentally during surgery. It can result from both non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions and histopathological examination is needed for confirmation. Failure to make an early preoperative diagnosis may results in its rapture and spillage of mucin contents into the peritoneal cavity leading to a disastrous complication of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) that has a very bad prognosis. A clear pathological terminology and management strategies of appendiceal mucocele (AM) is lacking. This literature review aims to derive detailed information related to clinical significance of AM to avoid complication of PMP and plan appropriately during surgery according to the current evidence. The relevant articles from scientific databases such as Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar were searched and extracted using the keywords "mucocele appendix" "cystadenoma%#8221;. Data based on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, complications, pathology, diagnostic work up and management were analyzed and summarized. A meticulous surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment and open surgical approach is still preferred over laparoscopy. Preoperative diagnosis of AM is very imperative as it may harbour neoplasm and can be made utilising the imaging tools like computed tomography and ultrasonography. Primary care physicians can have a crucial role in making early detection and timely referral for appropriate management in order to avoid complications. After appendectomy, 5-year survival rate for the simple AM is 91%-100% but it reduces to 25% for the malignant AM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]