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Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin and an important ecological barrier in the basin. Scientific and accurate estimation of the service value of grassland ecosystems in the Yellow River Basin is of great significance for maintaining the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin. This study was based on Constanza, a method based on the correction of natural grassland ecosystem service value in the Yellow River Basin. This method considers grassland biomass, estimates the ecological service value of each type of grassland item by item, and analyzes their spatial distribution and topographic gradient differentiation characteristics. The results showed that the unit price of soil conservation services provided by the grassland ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin has an advantage (6.2 times) which is the lowest unit price of raw materials. The total value of grassland ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin is 100.82 × 1010 Yuan. Among the various services, the adjustment service has the largest value, accounting for 50.56% of the total value, while the sum of the supply service, support service and cultural service amounted to 49.44%. The high-value areas of grassland ecosystem services are mainly distributed in the upper and lower reaches of the basin, as the low-value areas are located in the Ningxia and Hetao Plains and most parts of the Loess Plateau. The ESV per unit area of grassland in the Yellow River Basin showed a decreasing to increasing trend with the increase in elevation and topographic relief, as the ESV continued to increase with slope increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The ecological source area covers 93277 ha, which represents 26.78 % of the total administrative region of Maiji District. • There are 28 significant ecological corridors, with a combined length of 333.80 km. • Identify the ecological restoration pattern of "one belt, one screen, two zones, five corridors, and multiple points". One of the crucial areas of research in land space planning in China is finding ways to coordinate urban development and ecological preservation since the rapid growth of cities has led to numerous environmental issues. It is highly important to enhance the regional ecological environment and economy, thereby improving human well-being, by optimizing the spatial arrangement of ecosystems and identifying areas that need ecological restoration within the national land space. This study was conducted in Maiji District, where a combination of MSPA (Multiple Scale Pattern Analysis) and service function methods were employed to evaluate the ecological resources, identify critical ecological corridors, optimize the ecological security pattern, determine priority areas for ecological restoration in the land space, and formulate strategies for ecological restoration. The results indicated that in Maiji District, the ecological source area covers 93277 ha, which represents 26.78 % of the total administrative region. Within the southeastern part of Maiji District, there are 28 significant ecological corridors, with a combined length of 333.80 km. Based on the existing ecological resistance surfaces, ecological sources, and ecological corridors, a plan for ecological restoration has been developed for Maiji District, known as the "one belt, one screen, two areas, five corridors, and multiple points" ecological restoration pattern. This plan serves as a guideline for identifying suitable areas for ecological restoration, security pattern, and creating restoration plans for the Maiji District land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]