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Purpose: Surveys in Europe show that immigration is more of a challenge than an opportunity for a significant number of people. However, little attention is given to attitudes toward immigration in the Middle East. This paper examines the effects of personal values and religiosity on the anti-immigration attitudes of citizens in the Middle East and North African countries. Design/methodology/approach: Utilizing data from the World Values Survey, we analyze how personal values and religiosity affect anti-immigration attitudes in nine Middle Eastern countries. The data covers individual-level data of 9 MENA countries from the WVS Round 7 (2017–2022). Factor analysis is applied as a data reduction method. Afterward, an OLS regression analysis is conducted on the pooled data. Findings: Anti-immigration attitudes increase with age, education, and religiosity. Personal values such as national pride, support for nationals, and belongingness to one's country significantly affect anti-immigration attitudes. Furthermore, the importance of religion as a measure of religiosity was found to be positively associated with anti-immigration attitudes. Originality/value: This paper contributes to underexplored literature by investigating how individual-level determinants, such as demographic indicators, personal values, and religious factors, shape anti-immigration attitudes in the MENA context, distinct from European dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The prevalence of Congolese refugee women seeking asylum in the USA has recently garnered substantial attention. Many women have fled the Democratic Republic of Congo due to trauma and loss. Likewise, the resettlement process, particularly acculturative stress, may exacerbate mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. By recognizing the centrality of family within Congolese culture, this study aims to investigate cultural beliefs about family among Congolese refugee women in the USA, using acculturative theory as an interpretative lens. Design/methodology/approach: The authors' study centered on understanding the resettlement experiences of 20 Congolese refugee women living within an urban area of Midwest America after their arrival in America since 2011. Through using convenient sampling methods, the authors chose these particular activists as they could provide insight into their stories concerning their journey from Congo to settling down as refugees within Northeast America. During interviews, semi-structured questioning was used to gather responses from participants which were later analyzed through implementing a thematic interpretation process. Findings: Three themes emerged encapsulating cultural beliefs about family: supporting one another; the importance of togetherness; and disciplining our children. These findings provide culturally tailored resources to support Congolese refugee women and their families upon resettlement optimally. Research limitations/implications: The authors' work provides health equity researchers with an opportunity to better understand cultural beliefs among Congolese refugee women. Findings from this study provide an increased understanding of how to provide culturally specific tools to better aid Congolese refugee women and their families upon arrival. Practical implications: The authors' research offers insights for health equity researchers seeking to understand the cultural beliefs of Congolese refugee women. The findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of how to provide culturally specific resources better to support Congolese refugee women and their families upon arrival. Originality/value: The authors verify that, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the paper was written completely independently, and neither the entire work nor any of its parts have been previously published. The authors confirm that the paper has not been submitted to peer review, nor is in the process of peer reviewing, nor has been accepted for publishing in another journal. The authors confirm that the research in their work is original. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent release of Justice John Paul Stevens's papers for the Supreme Court's 1995 term reveals the existence of a previously unknown proposed concurring opinion in the seminal 1996 case Romer v. Evans. That proposed concurrence, co-authored by Justices O'Connor and Breyer, would have emphasized the failure of the challenged law, Colorado's Amendment 2, to satisfy traditional rational basis equal protection review, rather than the law's grounding in anti-LGB animus. Had the concurrence been published, it might have blunted the renewal of animus doctrine, with fascinating implications for subsequent constitutional doctrine involving issues as disparate as LGBT rights, immigration, and religious freedom. This Article is the first work of scholarship to identify this opinion and examine its implications. Of course, that concurrence was never published. Nevertheless, the Justices' negotiations over how much of that concurrence's content should be incorporated into Justice Kennedy's majority opinion, as recounted in correspondence in Justice Stevens's papers, teaches important lessons about the evolution of constitutional doctrine. In particular, the process by which Romer took its final form reminds us that the creation of judicial doctrine is rife with contingencies that belie any view of such creation as a straight-line process free of extraneous and distracting elements. Those lessons are important for us today, despite the fact that the proposed concurrence this Article reveals was never published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration became an especially thorny and publicly discussed issue with the so-called Refugee Crisis beginning in 2015. The stance of the Czech and Polish governments was dominated by strong anti-Muslim and anti-immigration rhetoric. Still, both countries have witnessed a steady increase in mainly short-term immigration from various Asian countries such as Bangladesh or Pakistan ever since. This paper analyses Czech and Polish migration policies against the backdrop of a historically constructed notion of anti-illegal immigration policy, and category of temporary migration, coupled with the problematic nature of debt-financed migration in Asia. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Czechia and Poland (2018-2021), in-depth and semi-structured interviews with migration experts, academic and grey literature, official documents, and the method of Accidental ethnography, this paper argues that silencing of actual labor immigration in political communication while employing anti-migration rhetoric represents a discursive gap typical for liberal democracies. It further concludes that rendering migrant labor as a temporary commodity and turning a blind eye on recruitment of international migrants represents a continuity practice of migrant labor subordination within the nation-state, originating during colonialism and the advent of capitalism in the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stanovništvo is the property of Demographic Research Center of Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues in studying hard-to-reach or dispersed populations, with particular focus on methodologies used to collect data and to investigate dispersed migrant entrepreneurs, illustrating shortcomings, pitfalls and potentials of accessing and disseminating research to hard-to-reach populations of migrant entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed methodology is proposed to access hard-to-reach or dispersed populations, and this paper explores these using a sample of Brazilian migrants settled in different countries of the world. Findings: This paper explores empirical challenges, illustrating shortcomings, pitfalls and potentials of accessing and disseminating research to hard-to-reach populations of migrant entrepreneurs. It provides insights by reporting research experiences developed over time by this group of researchers, reflecting a "mixing" of methods for accessing respondents, contrasting to a more rigid, a-priori, mixed methods approach. Originality/value: The main contribution of this paper is to showcase experiences from, and suitability of, remote data collection, especially for projects that cannot accommodate the physical participation of researchers, either because of time or cost constraints. It reports on researching migrant entrepreneurship overseas. Remote digital tools and online data collection are highly relevant due to time- and cost-efficiency, but also represent solutions for researching dispersed populations. These approaches presented allow for overcoming several barriers to data collection and present instrumental characteristics for migrant research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North East India is the easternmost region of India representing both geographic and political division of the country. It comprises of eight states namely Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Assam and Sikkim. Among these eight states excluding Sikkim the other seven are called as seven sisters and Sikkim the only brother. The Present Paper is an attempt to throw light on the issue of immigration which is increasing at an alarming rate in Assam. Immigration is a process of coming to live in a country permanently which is not one’s own. The paper examines the various aspects of illegal migration in Assam. Here, in this paper first attempt has been made to define an illegal immigrant in Assam by historically and politically set parameters over a long period of time. This paper also tries to find out the economic reasons behind immigration. The Present Paper shows the trends in population growth and the high population growth that the state has witnessed in the recent years. Immigration can be stated as one among the many causes that are responsible for the population rise. The population rise has led to various criticism of affecting the business positively as well as negatively. The paper also states the reasons that attract or are responsible for such movements and the ill effects of such moves in the Centre. A scenario of illegal immigration is what the authors wants to show through this paper. Since population is reaching heights so the authors hereby open new ideas or doors so that future research is welcomed and remedial measures are suggested for such growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this introduction, the highlights of three papers addressing the questions of immigration, traumatic migration and exile are presented. The papers give clinical details of the work with persons inflight from dangerous and potentially fatal homeland situations, offer theoretical guidelines to thinking about the different implications of trauma upon refugees and migrating persons and families and also consider the particular demands on migration and exile in communities and families within the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the 24 of February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, impacting millions of people's lives. In addition, the millions of displaced refugees have sparked a major international relations conflict. As a result, most refugees have traveled to their neighboring country, Poland. This research paper, based on a set of survey responses and interviews, outlines key policy recommendations that the Polish government should apply to best adjust to the rapid influx in population. The policies are family, religion, and language-oriented and focus on lengthening the stay of Ukrainian refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Daily Border Returns System is a web-based system designed to automate the current manual documentation of border daily returns. The system facilitates efficient data management for day-to-day border activities, such as compiling daily travelers' reports, monthly reports, and situation reports. It utilizes a centralized database to store and manage relevant information about travelers, their immigration status, and any specific conditions or restrictions associated with their cases. The system enables immigration officers to easily access, update, and send information to headquarters, and it can print daily and monthly returns, aiding in decision-making and ensuring accurate and up-todate records. The system will be developed using Python, which is suitable due to its excellent support for working with data and generating reports. JavaScript will be used for web development, as it integrates well with HTML and CSS and has a vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, making it a good choice for the web-based interface of the Immigration Daily Border Returns System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ictimaiyat is the property of Ictimaiyat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Raumforschung und Raumordnung is the property of Oekom Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Immigration has long been a controversial social issue on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The prevailing narrative is generally negative and is mainly promoted by domestically focused, conservative political parties. The key points argued by such anti-immigrant groups are that incoming migrants 1) take jobs from existing residents, 2) burden society due to higher social spending, and 3) worsen crime rates and potentially lead to terrorism. Germany ranks second (after the USA) in terms of immigration. It has a long history of accepting refugees fleeing political instability or simply seeking a better economic opportunity. In this paper, I research the robust migration waves into Germany after the recent wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, and Ukraine and the concurrent performance of the domestic economy. My findings have revealed that contrary to the adverse mainstream views, high immigration did not coincide with weaker employment or economy. In fact, historical data indicates a more robust domestic economy and employment after the heightened immigration. Multiple factors impact the economy; hence a direct causation effect cannot be asserted. I highlight why such a favorable outcome occurred and what lessons could be drawn for other countries with high immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the role of religion in supporting health and the significance this has on emotional wellbeing in time of crisis for individuals of Greek Australian background. Melbourne, Australia, has a large Greek community whose oldest members were born in Greece and emigrated to Australia 50-60 years ago. The children and grandchildren of these immigrants were born in Australia but often see themselves as members of a cultural community distinct from the English-speaking mainstream. In addition to language, one of the most significant cultural factors handed down by the immigrant generation is a belief in the importance of religion and religious rituals in maintaining health. These rituals and beliefs are also a powerful tool for coping in times of crisis, illness and other challenges. Its findings are based on several qualitative studies undertaken in Melbourne between 2011-2016. The individuals that participated in these studies relied on religious faith and traditional practices to support them in times of crisis. Their specific beliefs reflect orthodox theology but also folk practices specific to this community and can be applied to wellbeing and resilience shown by this population in times of crisis. They have a strong belief in destiny and generally accept that God provides the means for addressing negative conditions. This paper describes the nature of their beliefs and outlines the ways in which religion serves as the basis for their resilience and ability to cope with adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paperwork has always been a central part of bureaucratic work. Over the last few years, bureaucratic procedures have become increasingly standardised and digitalised. Based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork within welfare offices in Switzerland and Belgium, we reflect on the way evidence is constructed within social policy and cases built for or against noncitizen welfare recipients in order to show how paper truths are established and challenged. The focus on digital practices within public policy implementation highlights how it contributes to enhanced control mechanisms on the implementation level and how migration law continues to guide welfare governance for noncitizens. This allows targeting of the most marginalised groups, whose rights to access state support are institutionally impeded. Through database information flows, official forms, paper reports and face-to-face meetings, we further show how a hybrid form of bureaucratic work emerges, where direct contact with the client is still key, yet highly influenced by standardisation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes the crucial role of the regional dimension for economic, social, and environmental development. Sustainable development may be linked to migration management to strategically disperse international migrants to regions in need of ameliorating rural challenges. This paper explores the features affecting international migrants' intentions to move to rural areas, such as Alentejo, Portugal, based on a set of micro-, mezzo-, and macro-sociological migration theories to support policymakers. This paper addresses the following research question: what motivates immigrants' decisions to move to rural regions, such as Alentejo, Portugal? Practitioners (n = 8) and migrants (n = 15) were interviewed, and then a thematic analysis supported by MaxQDA 2022 was conducted. The results suggest that there is a set of motives for international migrants to move to rural areas and smaller cities based on multilevel factors, both economic and non-economic, such as the following: employment availability and promises of work; lower living costs compared to bigger cities; quality of life; local services support; and echoes of the country of origin. Migrants' networks and seeking greater opportunities were consistent motives. The pull to rural areas, however, is a side effect of the attraction of Portugal and Europe as destinations. The conclusions highlight implications for policy and practice on migration and local development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration to South Africa is motivated by the pursuit of employment, safety, and improved living conditions. However, immigrants encounter significant challenges, such as restricted access to essential services, which were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Malawian immigrants in South Africa, addressing the lack of attention given to this immigrant population by highlighting their vulnerabilities. Using a qualitative exploratory and descriptive approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 Malawi immigrants who were over 18 years old and had established residency in South Africa before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Five key stakeholders were also interviewed for additional perspectives and to ensure triangulation and improve data reliability. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis strategies and coding with Nvivo12 software. The study highlighted the exacerbated struggles of Malawian immigrants in South Africa amid the COVID-19 pandemic, uncovering systemic discrimination in healthcare, marked by longer wait times and reluctance from health workers to treat undocumented immigrants. The study also revealed a dire security situation, with immigrants living in high-crime areas and feeling particularly targeted due to their foreign status, a situation worsened by the pandemic's economic effects. Additionally, the economic downturn induced by COVID-19 significantly impacted employment opportunities, with many immigrants facing prolonged unemployment and job losses, especially in sectors where they traditionally found work. The detailed accounts of participants highlight not only the multifaceted challenges imposed by the pandemic but also the critical need for inclusive policies and support systems that ensure healthcare access, safety, and economic resilience for immigrants, particularly during global health emergencies. Future research should focus on effective interventions for socioeconomic integration and well-being, particularly for immigrants from other African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the main trends of population change across the territory of Lithuania and the impact of immigration on the development of peripheral rural areas in the early 21st century. Qualitative methods were employed to reveal the attitudes of residents of peripheral areas towards arriving new residents and their potential contribution to local development. Special attention is paid on the attitudes of local community leaders and new settlers towards immigrants, including war refugees from Ukraine, illegal immigrants from distant countries, returnees, and residents arriving from other regions of Lithuania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki is the property of Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii Nauki and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With a focus on refugees' written personal narratives on refugee NGO websites, this paper examines ongoing transculturalism in Britain and its interplay with globalization and current international migration. Conceiving such personal narratives as cultural texts pertaining to refugee narratives as a broad genre that encompasses different storytelling modalities, those personal stories on refugee NGO websites are explored from a cultural studies perspective. CDA is employed as a methodology for this cultural studies-oriented piece. A qualitatively oriented case study is accordingly presented based on the detailed examination of an example of such written narratives on the website of one such refugee NGO in the UK so as to instantiate and contribute to disentangling the articulation of this characteristic form of ongoing transculturalism. Special emphasis is laid on the discursive construction of refugees' transcultural identities in such narratives through their participation in those global border-crossing processes characteristic of the contemporary landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration has occurred for as long as mankind has been on earth and has been triggered by environmental factors for just as long. However, as the threat of climate change increases, more and more people are migrating from their homes due to these environmental disasters. With this new influx of border-crossings, governments and policymakers must grapple with what to do. As it stands, the rights of asylum seekers expressed in international treaties focus on migrants fleeing conflict and violence. This has left a gaping hole for environmental migrants who are left without international protection. Despite the lack of protections under international law, there is still hope through the use of domestic constitutional law. By comparing the constitutions of France, Italy, Ecuador, and Mexico, this paper seeks to offer a simple equation to provide protection for environmental migrants: the constitutional right to asylum + the right to life + the right to a healthy environment = a roadmap to extending constitutional asylum rights to environmental migrants. The goal is that, with this equation, the rights of environmental migrants can become more universally recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada has long sought to disperse skilled immigration across the country, with the goal of promoting economic development, improving cultural diversity, and mitigating population decline. The Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) are one mechanism for achieving regionalized immigration: they allow Canadian provinces and territories to use labor market information (LMI) to identify in-demand skills and offer visas to newcomers who match local needs. However, even when LMI is accurate, many factors can prevent newcomer access to local labor markets, particularly in third-tier cities (populations of 100,000 to 500,000), including credential recognition, discrimination, and a lack of settlement infrastructure. This paper centers the stories of three newcomers to Canada, each with senior technology sector experience and arriving through PNPs into third-tier cities. Amidst well-established themes in settlement narratives, such as housing affordability, family, lifestyle, and the role of Local Immigration Partnerships (LIPs), this paper suggests that newcomers arriving under programs such as the PNPs may experience LMI congruence or incongruence: the degree to which expectations of a labor market (shaped by being selected for immigration based on particular in-demand skills) match or do not match newcomers' real experiences of labor market access. Policymakers and institutions that use LMI to guide decisions may consider two lessons from the narratives offered in this study: one, the continued importance of reducing barriers to labor market entry for newcomers, and two, the possibility that LMI congruence and accurate expectations play a role in retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to establish connections between the theoretical debates on migration and multiculturalism. In the former, there are two dominant positions: the open borders approach and another approach that argues for the legitimacy of border control based on several considerations (we will call it controlled borders approach). In the second, based on the autonomy granted to groups, a distinction is made between strong and weak multiculturalism. It is generally believed that an open borders approach is connected to strong multiculturalism and that a controlled borders approach should be conjoined with weak multiculturalism. This paper prompts us to consider the possibility of developing further theoretical options and, as a result, enriches the debate by showing possibilities that have been largely overlooked so far. In particular, the paper sketches two unprecedented positions, one coming from the combination of open borders approach and weak multiculturalism, and another coming from controlled borders approach and strong multiculturalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Baia Mare region was once one of Romania's main mining centres, with a significant proportion of the local population engaged in industry jobs. However, the extensive economic restructuring that followed the collapse of the old communist regime and the emergence of capitalist development was characterized by brutal privatization measures and great economic instability. While the transition years brought new opportunities for some, for most they meant unstable housing and employment, debt, and a declining social status. Thus, many workers quickly became 'surplus populations' (Li 2017) and were forced into patterns of circular migration abroad. Employing a qualitative research methodology, analysing both interviews and secondary data, this paper will focus on the adaptive responses of workers from Baia Mare to the changes in the socio-economic landscape after the collapse of the communist regime and the advance of neoliberal policies in Romania. In particular, the paper looks at Roma and non-Roma migrants from Baia Mare, attempting to compare their strategies and work histories in the context of migration, to see the extent to which class and race differences play a role in creating specific migration patterns in the post-socialist context. The comparison between racialized people living in improvised shelters on the periphery of Baia Mare and those who are working class but not living in a situation of destitution will show us the role that dispossession plays in creating certain conditions that lead to debt dependency and specific migration patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has become omnipresent in migration control and mobility surveillance, with AI systems now deployed across all aspects of migration management. Critics of such trends typically examine questions of ethics and rights from the vantage point of regulatory mechanisms and the limited venues for the redress of grievances. But if legal frameworks are as of yet forthcoming and do not necessarily apply to migrants, are there alternative mechanisms to critique algorithmic decision making? To explore this and related questions, this paper engages one such alternative by taking a 'visual turn.' In asking 'what can AI see' the paper interrogates the role of images in constructing AI's capacity to both understand migration and make appropriate decisions about migrants. In addition, a visual turn allows for exploration of an emergent age of post-visualization: a phenomenon whereby the values and meanings of what we see will be increasingly imparted to us by AI systems. The paper examines what AI sees with the help of an experiment, prompting an AI generative platform to draw distinctions between migrants, refugees, and people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, Filipino writer Genevieve L. Asenjo published her short story collection titled Ang Itim na Orkidyas ng Isla Boracay. Hailed as "Best Book of Short Fiction in Filipino" during the 40th National Book Awards, it consists of narratives that delve into the entanglement of the Philippines, the United States of America, and South Korea. Specifically, in the story "Pangungumusta mula sa Balaan Bukid" ("Pangungumusta" from hereon), South Korea is imagined as a liminal space for the "migratory," namely, the migrant workers and refugees. In postcolonial thought, a liminal space is perceived as a threshold, a doorway, or a portal where waiting happens, interactions are exchanged, and decisions are made; and as such, in The Location of Culture, theorist Homi K. Bhabha describes it as an "in-between" space of ambivalence, a "third space" where there is neither self nor other. While existing discussions on migrant workers and refugees tend to focus on identity and mobility, the novelty of this paper lies in its problematization of the transformative point of their interaction: What happens when an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) gets entangled with a Palestinian refugee in Seoul? How does their interaction offer new perspective on what a liminal space is? The primary method is a textual analysis of "Pangungumusta" through a postcolonial lens. The author argues that in such entanglement a liminal space becomes transformative; and so, it is that which "naghatid . . . sa isang uri ng kaluwalhatian" (ushered in a kind of glory; Asenjo, 2021: 69). This paper is composed of three primary sections: an introduction of Asenjo and her works, a presentation of the plot of "Pangungumusta" and commentary on its postmodern form, and a discussion of liminal space as imagined in the narrative, concluding that liminality is indeed transformative, that is, as the liminal space spatially brings the characters together, it at the same time spells out their ideological differences, which makes transformation possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration state can be a very useful analytical tool for analysing how states regulate international migration, and for comparing the practices of different states in this realm. However, we need an extended understanding of the notion of migration state to include the regulation functions of the developing country states for international migration and to reflect on the historical changes concerning these regulation functions which take place in parallel with the changes in the economic and geo-political position of the countries. This paper starts with a discussion of Hollifield's conceptualisation of the migration state, reflecting on its existing assumptions. Hollifield's conceptualisation is reviewed critically especially based on the criticisms in Adamson and Tsourapas (2020) as well as Tsourapas (2020). While the paper benefits from the typology of nationalising, developmental, and neoliberal migration management regimes in Adamson and Tsourapas (2020), the importance of having a temporal perspective is emphasised which is lacking in this study. Rather than looking at these three types (nationalising, developmental, neoliberal) as existing in different contexts, the paper focuses on the shift from one type to the other in the case of a single country. The paper demonstrates how the migration state in Turkey has gone through transformations during the period from the foundation of the Republic until today. The paper then discusses the implications of this focus on Turkey for a revised and extended understanding of the concept of the migration state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

He spoke about the causes of the growing immigration court backlog, particularly the "imbalance in resources" between the court system and the immigration enforcement agencies that feed cases into the courts. Immigration court reform through the creation of an Article 1 immigration court or, in the alternative, legislation to allow USCIS to review (first) all applications for immigration status. Keywords: rule of law; due process; asylum; access to justice; immigration courts EN rule of law due process asylum access to justice immigration courts 228 237 10 07/25/23 20230601 NES 230601 This paper introduces a special collection of papers on access to justice, the rule of law, and due process in the US immigration system. US Immigration Courts, despite their challenges, represent a locus of due process in the US immigration system and "the first exposure of many immigrants to due process and the rule of law in the United States.". [Extracted from the article]

Over the past decade, a handful of human geographers have started writing on the topic of 'wisdom'—a research field that has long been dominated by philosophers and psychologists. Existing human geography writings on wisdom encompass issues such as international migration, cross-cultural interactions, and boundary conditions in personal wisdom development. Conspicuously missing from the current human geography scholarship on wisdom is the role of transnational engagements in wisdom development. This paper addresses this important gap and provides new vistas of a theoretical contribution to geographies of wisdom through the optic of transnationalism. Building on Dragos Simandan's seminal work on geographies of wisdom and subsequent empirical studies, this paper discusses three distinct transnational engagements through which immigrants can similarly develop wisdom: transnational political engagements; transnational cultural engagements; and transnational economic engagements. While the chosen transnational engagements are not exhaustive, the paper aims that these three types will kindle thought-stimulating discussions concerning geographies of wisdom. By rescaling the study of geographies of wisdom through transnationalism, we also aim to contribute to a better understanding of the nexus between wisdom development, transnationalism, and international migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the position of migration in population studies, focusing on the period 1996–2021. It considers the reasons why migration remains problematic for demographers, but also how approaches to migration have changed over the last 25 years. While it has arguably become more important to both demography and population studies because of the transition to low fertility and mortality, migration has metamorphosed into a complex field in its own right, almost independently from changes in demography. Both internal and international migration form the subject of this examination and four main themes are pursued: data and measurement; theories and approaches; migration and development; and migration and political demography. The papers published in the journal Population Studies are used to provide a mirror through which to view these changes over the last 25 years. This paper concludes by looking at likely future directions in migration studies, demography, and population studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the spatial differentiation and driving mechanism of labor flow can effectively promote the flow of urban and rural factors and provide a basis for rural revitalization. This paper used the theory of push and pull for reference to explain the role of push and pull in the process of labor migration. On this basis, the paper analyzed the social space characteristics of labor in Longxi County and explored the impact mechanism of local quality on labor migration. It was found that the characteristics of labor migration in Longxi County had a distance attenuation effect and gravitational effect, and the spatial agglomeration of labor attributes was obvious. This was closely related to local quality differences. The labor migration was conducted under the comprehensive effect of the local quality of the source and destination. The local quality of the source was the basic power of the labor migration. The difference in the local quality between destinations was the main reason for the spatial difference in the number and attributes of the labor force. Specifically, the degree of interconnection and cooperation affected the labor migration distance, and the relatively poor employment income-generating capacity and regional livability in the western underdeveloped regions affected the labor quantity. The young and middle-aged labor force was greatly affected by the regional environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines Covid-19-related policies as a showcase for priorities in migration governance, the role of the state and employers' associations, as well as gaps in social security and social protection. Design/methodology/approach: This paper looks at how immigration interacts with the labour market in the Czech Republic through the prism of the varieties of capitalism framework and its relation to the concepts of labour market segmentation and flexibility. Findings: The findings show that pandemic-related measures focused on continuously adjusting a legislative framework granting access to third-country workers. However, protective measures that would guarantee migrant workers and their families access to social rights, such as healthcare, were lacking. In this context, several lines of segmentation are observed: between migrant workers in standard employment and those in non-standard employment, when looking at their access to healthcare; between migrants hired directly by employers and those working through temporary agencies in terms of their wages, stability and protection; and, at a sectoral level, between the skilled workforce and migrants that are pushed to low-qualified poorly paid, and routinised jobs. Originality/value: This paper expands the existing literature on the preferences and influence of governments, employers and trade unions regarding the demand for foreign labour in varieties of capitalism by adding the perspective of a Central European economic model. At the same time, its findings contribute to the understanding that labour market inequalities are not fostered on the supply side of migrant labour, through exogenous societal or cultural characteristics specific to countries of origin, but rather through institutionalised measures, practices and policies in countries of destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an empirical study of what solidarity in a Western European healthcare system means today. Drawing upon empirical research on the 2015 refugee cohort's health needs and their health‐seeking behaviour, it unites claims from the literature on solidarity in the fields of migration and healthcare. I argue that the Austrian healthcare system not only is an example of 'civic solidarity' in the form of institutionalised obligations to citizens but that it also enacts political forms of solidarity and produces political inclusion for marginalised groups such as refugees. My findings show that being entitled to and accessing services in the healthcare system holds meaning beyond the provision of care: It enables to act autonomously, to build familiar relationships with Austrian institutions, inclusion via the personal electronic health card and to support others in the same solidaristic system. These insights can be used to raise awareness about the inclusional function of healthcare services among practitioners. They also show how solidarity‐based healthcare systems can be a motor for shaping positive relationships between immigrants and the host country, and point to additional modes of solidarity in the context of forced migration next to civil society and nonstate support structures. This paper builds upon ethnographic data that were collected between 2018 and 2020 in Vienna, Austria (observational notes before, during and after medical consultations with refugees; interviews with them; interviews with healthcare practitioners and other care providers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the potential application and challenges of blockchain technology in addressing the complex issues surrounding international migration within the African Union (AU). It provides an overview of blockchain technology, its features, and potential applications. The paper delves into the pressing challenges faced by the AU concerning international migration, including illegal migration, human trafficking, and the absence of secure and efficient systems for processing and tracking migrants. By utilizing blockchain technology, this paper examines how these challenges can be mitigated through secure and transparent identity verification, improved movement tracking, and enhanced access to services. Furthermore, this paper discusses the existing literature on the topic, highlighting blockchain technology's potential benefits and challenges in the context of international migration within the AU. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and the adoption of blockchain technology to address the challenges of international migration within the AU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By analysing the childcaring experiences of female skilled workers from South Korea (hereafter, Korea) in Germany, this paper maintains that the challenges in labour market participation for highly skilled women, and especially those with children, should be understood in the context of their encounters with similar and different care and employment regimes between their home and host countries. On the theoretical level, this research confirms the argument that the migration of highly skilled workers should be contextualized not from a neoclassical perspective in which the maximization of economic profits takes priority, but from an institutional point of view in which social and cultural norms, practices, and policies in both the home and host societies are taken into consideration. Specifically, through a series of in-depth interviews conducted with skilled female migrants from Korea, this paper highlights the significance of taking the function of similar and different caring and employment regimes into account in explaining the challenges faced by highly skilled migrant women in labour market participation. On the empirical level, this paper sheds light on the migration experiences of skilled women from Asia as well as the (dis)integration processes of newcomers from third-national countries in Germany, with a focus on female migrants from Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an unconventional approach to the migration‐development nexus by zooming in on the health sector. Although state strategies promoting nurse migration are widely studied, comprehension on how the state functions as a central actor in emigration is empirically deficient in accounting for the different development levels experienced by sending countries. Drawing from the literature on policy instrument choice, this paper examines how the Philippines as the leading nurse sending state in the world intervenes in the emigration of Filipino nurses and what are the effects of these interventions? Based on a key informant survey (N = 100), regression results show that the state's regulatory authority in the remittance market triggers the positive contribution of nurse remittances on health sector development. This paper concludes by discussing how the choice of policy instruments is a crucial decision point for nurse‐sending countries when maximizing the development impact of emigration on the health sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While all anthropological experts take pride when their evidence plays a vital role in securing protection for an asylum applicant, we also acutely remember the cases in which our research and reports were rejected, particularly when our reports appear to be unfairly rejected. In this paper, I discuss two cases in which the British Home Office argued that an asylum applicant was not entitled to protection because he participated in war crimes/crimes against humanity. However, the evidence provided by War Crimes Unit in the United Kingdom's Home Office took the form of assertions based on a very poor understanding of Ethiopian politics and limited research. In the first case, the Immigration Judge accepted the evidence submitted by the Home Office and refused the applicants claim for asylum, but on appeal the Home Office withdrew the case against the applicant. In the second case, the Immigration Judge adopted some of my evidence for the applicant but denied his claim. This paper explores the pitfalls of litigation and the ability of the state to tilt the scales of justice against asylum claimants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labour migration involves the transfer and flight of technical know-how and skills from one nation to another, to secure a better job and establish a new residence. It has consequences for the individual, the country of origin and the country of destination. Over the last decades, an increasing number of developed countries have put in place different mechanisms to encourage the immigration of only the most talented, skilled individuals from developing countries. A good example is the international visa lottery scheme. This scheme is put in place perhaps because developing countries cannot fully exploit the abilities and skills of human capital, as they do not have enough jobs to offer. Thus, Nigeria and other developing countries have become a human capitalgenerating machines for the developed world. It is an indisputable truism that labour migration has adverse effects ranging from social, cultural, and political to economic upon the emigrant's country. The thrust of this paper, therefore, is to examine the factors responsible for the flood of Nigerian migrants witnessed during the past couple of years. The dynamic consequences of labour migration and brain drain syndrome on human capital formation in Nigeria will be considered. Empirical studies have established the global net benefits of labour migration, but their findings are inconclusive about the impact migration has on the emigrant's country. Hence, the need for human capital formation in an emerging economy will also be addressed. Finally, the paper will offer policy recommendations to ensure immigrants' economic contribution to developing human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northern European international retirement migrants are often viewed as affluent and use migration as a route to a better quality of life. However, as these migrants transition into the 'fourth age', the onset of age-related illnesses, frailty and care needs can lead to increased levels of risk and insecurity. Through 34 qualitative interviews with older British migrants in Spain, the paper explores how these migrants access and experience care as they age. It draws on a lens of precarity that allows an understanding not only of individual care needs, but of the political, economic and social context in which they are situated, including social protections and public safety nets. The findings suggest that distant family relationships and limited access to formal social protection can both create and exacerbate precarity. These older migrants therefore develop different strategies to access care that include drawing on informal relationships and voluntary organisations within the British community in Spain. The paper contributes to understanding how international retirement migrants manage their care needs, and theoretically extends our understanding of how the intersection of old age, migration and care can create new forms of precarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The globalization process and the war in Ukraine show us that migration is one of the strongest global trends in the modern economy. For this paper, we determined three types of migration, depending on the intention of the people involved, these being labor, educational, and refugee migration. Each type has a different influence on the macroeconomic process. However, in this paper, we investigate the influence of general migration on GDP. We analyze five factors that have major influences on GDP, namely, migration (I), interest rate (IR), active population (AP), export (E), and the consumer price index (CPI). For the purposes of this paper, vector autoregressive models (VAR models) were chosen to perform the analysis. We used the Granger causality test to investigate the lag structure and identified the exogenous variables in the VAR model, such as GDP, migration, and the active population. We investigated the cross-influence between these factors and found that migration has a negative effect on the active population and a positive effect on GDP, while GDP growth leads to a decrease in migration. The Akaike and Schwartz criteria showed the high quality of the VAR models. The impulse analysis of shock influences identifies the structure of the reaction seen in GDP and migration, depending on their shock factors. Using decomposition analysis, we found that migration and GDP influence each other by 10–14%, which can improve the forecasting of these factors and the study of structural migration by the use of these three types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores experiences of temporary labor migration that entailed Yugoslav export of know-how (highly skilled knowledge and expertise) between 1980 and 1991, a result of industrial collaboration between Mining and Smelting Combine Bor, a state-owned copper-processing 'giant' in former Yugoslavia, and the biggest copper company in Iran, National Iranian Copper Industries Company. Based on interviews with individuals engaged in the Yugoslav project, supplemented by analysis of documents and historic newspapers from that period, the paper analyzes everyday practices of managerial bureaucratic improvisations and improvisations at work. The article shows how such improvisations helped overcome excessive and rigid Yugoslav socialist bureaucracy and made Yugoslav entrepreneurial capitalist ventures possible. Moreover, it argues that the export of know-how was constitutive of silent acceptances of reproduction of capitalist relations, which helped consolidate the process of liberalization of the socialist market in the late 1980s. We argue that such temporary labor migration and the often improvised work carried out by the Yugoslav workers cannot be seen as a resistance or alternative to the Western/Northern hegemonies. Rather, we argue that such practices were facilitators of the capitalist ventures at semi-peripheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liberal theory has long fetishized state law as a fortress against disorder, anarchy, and private violence. To prevent violence writ large, it advocated, the nation-state should be endowed with its monopoly, as the impartial and rational guardian of civilization and social peace. Yet, as critics suggest, the normative binary of law/violence and the legal purity of the state is empirically untenable and, as such, remains an ideological construct sustained and perpetuated through law and its fictions. In this paper, I revisit these debates to reflect on legal fictions in the context of migration policing. I draw on ethnographic research I conducted with immigration and police officers in the UK. Amid the growing economies of illegality that rely on migrant labour which these officers are in charge of suppressing, their everyday work reveals spaces of legal murkiness and ambiguity. The paper explores the paradoxes, dilemmas and contradictions that such legal ambiguity gives rise to and their implications for state sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]