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This paper probes the nexus between solar energy technology, carbon intensity of energy structures, economic expansion, and carbon emissions (CO 2 ) throughout 1990-2017 in China. The study utilized the vector auto-regressive (VAR) approach to co-integration testing and vector error-correction models to identify the most effective method for reducing CO 2 emissions. Results from the Granger causality (GC) suggest a unidirectional causality between the variables. The test of impulse response function (IRF) constituted in the VAR technique was also applied in this study. The results indicate that energy structure intensity and economic expansion positively affect carbon emissions, while solar energy technology negatively affects carbon emissions. Simultaneous IRF analysis demonstrated that solar energy technology, energy structure carbon intensity, and economic expansion all have long-term effects on carbon emissions. The study concluded that when the economy expands, it influences CO 2 emissions. Also, there exists a positive impact on CO 2 emissions from the number of solar patents, but was seen to be decreasing gradually. The policy implications were also stated.

Amidst global sustainability challenges, green finance emerges as a crucial instrument for advancing sustainable development, garnering increasing attention for its pivotal role in fostering high-quality economic development (HQED), particularly within the dynamic economic landscape of China. This study delves into the nexus between green finance and HQED across 30 Chinese provinces from 2012 to 2021. Employing the entropy method, indices for green finance and HQED index system are calculated, and their interaction is analyzed through a panel data model, incorporating tests for moderating effects of FinTech and green technological innovation, as well as assessing the heterogeneity across diverse regions. The findings highlight green finance's significant role in enhancing HQED, with notable regional disparities. Specifically, the eastern region shows the strongest impact, followed by the central region, while the western and northeastern regions exhibit weaker influences. The study also identifies FinTech and green technological innovation as pivotal moderators, amplifying green finance's positive effect on HQED. These insights underscore green finance's importance in driving sustainable economic growth and highlight the necessity for region-specific strategies to optimize its impact. Policy recommendations based on these findings include prioritizing the development of green finance, formulating region-specific strategies, and leveraging the catalytic roles of FinTech and green technological innovation to enhance the efficacy of green finance in achieving HQED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green transformation of industry and sustainable economic development both require considerable investment. In this regard, green finance that is compatible with economic development can help cope with the massive demand for capital. Taken China's Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as an example, this study is to measure the coordination degree between green finance and economic development. First, the concept, content and scope of green finance is defined based on the new financial regulation mechanism. Second, a green finance measurement index is built to calculate the green finance index for 30 Chinese provinces by the CFA test. Third, based on the economic structure index, an economic development index is built. Testing the rationality of green financial index and the economic development index, this paper finally measures the degree of coordination between green finance and economic development in the YRD. The results reveal that, first, green finance is a financial instrument that integrates financial industry development, environmental improvement, and economic growth. The measurement of the green financial development index includes the sum of regional green credit, green investment, green securities, and green insurance. Second, after years' development, the comprehensive score of YRD's coupling coordination degree exceeds 0.8 in 2020, which shows a high level of coordinated development between green finance and economic construction. However, there is a 2-year timing effect between the economic development and green finance index increase, which reveals that green finance development in the YRD requires further policy guidance and support. This study's findings can provide a theoretical reference and case support for the further development of green finance and related policies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sino-Latin American trade have increased substantially for decades. However, the increasing trade imbalances between China and several Latin American countries have yielded growing trade frictions. In this paper, we re-calculate the bilateral trade balance using the value-added content in trade and measure the contribution of Sino-Latin American trade to economic growth. The results show that gross trade statistics seriously overestimate the real bilateral trade imbalance, and China's trade surplus with Mexico decreased by over 50%. The composition of Sino-Latin American trade suggests that most Latin American economies are complementary with Chinese economy. The South-South trade has been increasingly important for both China's and Latin America's economic development. We foresee an optimistic future of relations and continuously increasing trade between China and Latin America. Meanwhile, more efforts should be made to settle trade frictions and intensify Sino-Latin American relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the worship of ancient wisdom affects economic progress in historical China, where the learned class embraced classical wisdom for millennia but encountered the shock of Western industrial influence in the mid-nineteenth century. Using the number of sage temples to measure the strength of classical worship in 269 prefectures, I find that classical worship discouraged intellectuals from appreciating modern learning and thus inhibited industrialization between 1858 and 1927. By contrast, industrialization grew faster in regions less constrained by classicism. This finding implies the importance of cultural entrepreneurship, or the lack thereof, in shaping modern economic growth. "The humor of blaming the present, and admiring the past, is strongly rooted in human nature, and has an influence even on persons endued with the profoundest judgment and most extensive learning." —David Hume (1754, p. 464). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aging has become a social issue of concern to the whole world, and as the world's most populous country, how to cope with population aging will be a hot issue that all sectors of Chinese society must think about. This paper uses provincial panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2021 to study the relationship between population aging and economic development based on the perspective of health expenditure. The DIFF-GMM model, the fixed effect model (FE), and fixed effect instrumental variable model (FE-IV) are used to test this study. The following two conclusions are drawn from the empirical study: (1) population aging has a significant inhibitory effect on economic development, while health expenditures have a significant promotional effect on economic development; and (2) increased health expenditures help to alleviate the negative impact of population aging on economic development. However, the deepening of population aging will likewise inhibit the positive effect of health expenditure on economic growth. Based on the conclusions of the study, it is recommended that the government and society should continue to increase spending in the field of health protection, encourage and guide residents to carry out self-care, and moderately increase personal health expenditure, to promote economic development with healthy bodies and realize the goal of "Healthy China". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research demonstrates the positive effects of financial inclusion and digital finance on expansion. Supply chains that can be relied upon are essential to national productivity and economic development. This study uses panel data from 2007 to 2022 covering 27 provinces in China to study the results of widespread access to digital financial services and supply chain management on regional economic growth using the instrumental variable approach (fixed effect model). In contrast to earlier research, this study employs an alternative measure of access to digital financial services utilization and digitalization. The data demonstrates that digital financial inclusion and supply chain management have a major impact on the development of the provincial economies in China. Based on the results of this research, we suggest increasing digital financial inclusion and bolstering human capital development to stimulate economic expansion. This essay makes a theoretical advancement in studying digital technology's widespread adoption of financial services by providing a comprehensive critical review and a fresh angle on the nuts and bolts of digital money and universal banking. Boosting institutional quality and governance are two more paths that authorities can take to stimulate economic expansion in the China area, and the results show how important these measures are for achieving this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação is the property of Ensaio: Avaliacao e Politicas Publicas em Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China has changed its focus from traditional high-speed economic growth to high-quality economic development (HQED) and the implementation of environmentally friendly practices. This transition can have parallel or unparallel impacts on energy insecurity (EIS). In this regards, HQED, inter Alia, is crucial in mitigating EIS and combating the energy crisis. Our study explores the impact of economic growth (EG) and HQED on EIS using the provincial panel data of China for the period 2011–2017. From the perspective of comparative analysis, the results reveal that HQED reduces EIS while EG increases it. The robustness checks indicate that industrial structure (IS) has a negative impact on EIS, whereas industrial structure upgrading (ISU) and green innovation (GI) have a positive influence. This implies that IS contributes to an increase in EIS, whereas ISU and GI result in a decrease in EIS. In addition, the analysis reveals that digital financial inclusion (DFI) exhibits a significant positive relation with EIS, albeit occasionally a negative but insignificant link. The policy implication is that the government should stimulate policies to promote HQED which reduces the EIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate economic development in the digital economy and uncover trends and insights that might contribute to future research. Furthermore, the study, examining English-language publications from 2000 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection, employs bibliometric and content analysis to statistically evaluate the field of economic development in the digital economy. Co-citation, co-authorship, and bibliographical coupling analyses revealed China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and "Sustainability" as the leading influencers in terms of country, institution, and journal, respectively. Five key themes emerged: (1) the interplay between digital technologies and economic growth, (2) leveraging digital tools for businesses, (3) the applications and impacts of diverse digital technologies across sectors, (4) the broader social implications of the digital economy, and (5) government policies for fostering digital economic progress. The study concludes by proposing avenues for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic agglomeration has played a key function in China's economic transformation. Meanwhile, structural adjustment and external pressure to reduce carbon emission necessitate a deeper investigation into its relationship with carbon productivity. This paper measures economic agglomeration and carbon productivity of 281 cities in China in 2003–2017. With the purpose of exploring the spatial effect of economic agglomeration on carbon productivity, a spatial Durbin model is constructed. In addition, the mediation effect model is also adopted for examining the transmission mechanism of economic scale and technological progress on economic agglomeration as well as carbon productivity. A heterogeneity test is also carried out to uncover the varying effects of economic agglomeration on carbon productivity. The empirical results suggest that economic agglomeration raises carbon productivity not only in the local cities but also in the neighbouring ones. The impact of economic agglomeration on carbon productivity becomes more potent as the level of economic agglomeration increases. For cities with low level of economic agglomeration, the effect is mainly achieved through the expansion of economic scale, but for cities with high level of economic agglomeration, the effect is mainly achieved through technological progress. Therefore, we suggest encouraging carbon productivity improvement through technology effect in cities with high economic agglomeration level, while enhancing carbon productivity through scale effect in cities with low economic agglomeration level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between financial development and economic growth in China is controversial. From this perspective, this article aims to identify this relationship using both capital market and banking intermediation indicators, which were rarely considered in the previous literature. An autoregressive model with staggered lags (ARDL) examines the long-run cointegration relationship between 1980 and 2020. The results suggest that the contribution of different subsectors of the Chinese financial system to economic growth differs. The development of the money market has a negative impact, whereas market capitalization has a positive impact on economic growth in China. Regarding the contribution of the banking system to China's economic growth, the two variables measuring the depth of financial institutions showed opposite impacts in both the short and long term. Regarding important policy implications, regulators need to ensure a pro-growth environment, effectively regulate the informal banking system, and prevent potential financial risks by revising policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource-based cities are important strategic bases for securing resources in China and have made great contributions to the country's economic development. Long-term extensive resource development has made resource-based cities an important region constraining China from achieving comprehensive low-carbon development. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the low-carbon transition path of resource-based cities for their energy greening, industrial transformation, and high-quality economic development. This study compiled the CO2 emission inventory of resource-based cities in China from 2005 to 2017, explored the contribution to CO2 emissions from three perspectives (driver, industry, and city), and predicted the peak of CO2 emissions in resource-based cities. The results show that resource-based cities contribute 18.4% of the country's GDP and emit 44.4% of the country's CO2 and that economic growth and CO2 emissions have not yet been decoupled. The per capita CO2 emissions and emission intensity of resource-based cities are 1.8 times and 2.4 times higher than the national average, respectively. Economic growth and energy intensity are the biggest drivers and main inhibitors of CO2 emissions growth. Industrial restructuring has become the biggest inhibitor of CO2 emissions growth. Based on the different resource endowments, industrial structures, and socio-economic development levels of resource-based cities, we propose differentiated low-carbon transition pathways. This study can provide references for cities to develop differentiated low-carbon development paths under the "double carbon" target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to democracies, our understanding of policy attention in authoritarian governments remains limited. Using data from 612 Chinese municipal party secretaries' official activities, we investigate the structural factors within the authoritarian bureaucratic system influencing new officials' attention for economic issues. The findings reveal that younger officials and those transferred from other regions exhibit a clear preference for economic issues. Moreover, higher economic growth expectations from superior governments are linked to increased attention to urban economic affairs by officials. This study enriches the literature on comparative agenda research by discussing the relationship between policy attention allocation and authoritarian cadre management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐quality green transition is essential to achieving sustainable and coordinated global development. In this paper, a new method of two‐step geometric average is proposed to measure green transition, and a comprehensive framework on the relationship between sustainability and coordination via the propelling force of green transition is constructed at both the national and provincial levels. In addition, the mediating effect model and the threshold model are employed to empirically verify the mechanisms and influences. According to the results, green transition can contribute to regional economic growth at national level and to the coordinated development of regional economies at provincial level in China. Meanwhile, the non‐linear 'U‐shaped' relationships between green transition and regional economy are demonstrated in Asia and the eastern region of China, and spillover effect of technological innovation can indirectly promote regional development. In addition, the heterogeneity effect of green transition fully releases the dividend of economic quality and environmental governance capacity, promoting the coordinated development of regional economies. In the meantime, the driving force of green transition on regional economy is dependent on the external environment, particularly before and after the outbreak of COVID‐19, when its impact has altered substantially. Therefore, it is necessary to promote green transition via greater technological innovation efficiency, and then to restore the vitality of regional economic development; which could provide policy makers and professionals in the regional economy with information for enhancing sustainable and coordinated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of globalization, the 2030 sustainable development goals pose a huge challenge to the coordinated development of economy and environment in emerging economies. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether globalization contributes to balance water consumption and economic growth in emerging economies. China is the largest developing country and the largest trader of goods in the world. From holistic and representative perspectives, this article analyzes the mechanisms affecting economic growth and water consumption in BRICS countries, Next Eleven (N11) countries and China. Combining decoupling model and econometric models, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) linear model and threshold panel nonlinear model are constructed. Both linear and nonlinear effects of trade and foreign investment on economic growth and water consumption are considered. The results show that, from a holistic perspective, globalization helps balance economic growth and water consumption in emerging economies. The impact of trade on water consumption in BRICS countries is negative. And with the increase of trade, its positive coefficient on water consumption in N11 countries gradually decreases. Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a positive role in the coordinated development of economic growth and water environment in BRICS and N11 countries. Taking China as a representative country, there is a decoupling phenomenon between economic growth and water use during the study period. With the trade crossing the threshold successively, the promoting effect on economy increases first and then decreases, and the inhibiting effect on water consumption weakens. With the increase of foreign investment, its positive effect on GDP increases, and its positive coefficient on water consumption decreases. The conclusions from representative country and holistic perspective are consistent. Finally, some policy recommendations are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of technological finance on high-quality economic growth. Based on data of 30 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities) collected between 2004 and 2018, this paper adopts the method of factor analysis to construct comprehensive indexes of technological finance, before calculating green total factor productivity as the index of high-quality development, using the CRS Multiplicative Model. Then it constructs the spatial SAC model, for analyses of the just-mentioned relationship based on the total sample of the nation as well as regional samples in eastern, middle and western China respectively. The results reveal that all samples, whether it be the total national samples or regional samples of eastern, middle and western China, demonstrate the positive influence of technological finance on high-quality economic development, with an obvious spatial spillover effect. The impact factor is the highest in the eastern region, while the western region holds the lowest factor among the three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes panel data from 30 provinces in mainland China from 2011 to 2020 to investigate the impact of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development by constructing an economic high-quality development index and a carbon-neutral development index. Firstly, the study examines the effects of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development using baseline regression and spatial Durbin regression. The results indicate that carbon-neutral development has a positive direct effect on economic high-quality growth, but there are negative spatial spillover effects. Secondly, this study employs total factor productivity (TFP) as an intermediate variable in the mediation model regression. The findings demonstrate that carbon-neutral development significantly improves TFP, and the significant improvement in TFP promotes high-quality economic growth. Lastly, the study conducts regional heterogeneity analysis and finds a significant promoting effect of carbon-neutral development on economic high-quality development in the eastern and central regions of China, while it is not significant in the western region. Therefore, it is recommended that China, in the process of achieving carbon-neutral growth, consider the geographical connections between different regions to prevent negative spillover effects. Additionally, regional heterogeneity should be taken into account when formulating relevant policies to promote economic high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the challenge that China faces in achieving its goal of a high economic growth rate for the XIV Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (FYESDP) 2021-2025 period, given the context of uncertainty that the global economy is still experiencing, and the domestic conditions that the country is going through after the second wave of COVID-19 contagion in the second half of 2022. The hypothesis is that China has managed to register an economic growth rate in accordance with the targets planned in the XIV FYESDP period between 2021 and 2023, thanks to the use of an ad hoc of instruments and variables of the economic policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of International Affairs (04866096) is the property of Institute of International Politics & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Clean energy development has played a pivotal role in economic transformation. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2021, the spatial Dubin model was used to empirically investigate the impact of clean energy development on green economic growth. Furthermore, this research selected industrial structure optimization as the mediating variable to analyze the mediating effect between clean energy development and green economic growth. The results are as follows. Firstly, there is a positive spatial correlation for green economic development, in which the level of green economic development in a region can be influenced by neighboring regions. Secondly, there is a significant positive relationship between clean energy development and green economic growth, in which the clean energy development has a positive impact on green economic growth. Thirdly, the mediating effect analysis demonstrates that the clean energy development can influence green economic growth through industrial structure optimization. Based on the findings in this paper, several suggestions are proposed. China should formulate a unified national strategy for green economy by coordinating and balancing regional differences, develop the clean energy industry to promote green economic growth, and pay attention to the intermediary effect of industrial structure to promote green economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With China's rapid economic development, disparities within provinces have increased, leading to significant regional inequality. The goal of financial inclusion is to provide financial services to lag-behind regions and disadvantaged groups to promote economic growth and enhance competitiveness. Further investigation is needed to determine whether digital financial inclusion has contributed to greater inclusion or aggravated regional inequality due to the digital divide. The main aim of this study is to examine the inclusive effects and competitiveness gains of digital financial inclusion from the perspective of regional inequality. By analyzing 23 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2019 through the panel fixed effects model, the results support the existence of a digital divide, which creates regional inequality. Further analysis of the moderating effects reveals that the elimination of the digital divide by digital competitiveness reduces the effect of regional inequality's impact on digital financial inclusion. The advantages of digital financial inclusion to improve competitiveness are already beginning to emerge. This paper reveals that digital financial inclusion has a non-linear threshold effect. At a time of rapid growth in digital financial inclusion, it is crucial to be aware of the inequalities brought on by the digital divide and, more importantly, to capture the beneficial effects of digital competitiveness to enhance regional competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-tech industry, as a two-stage system consisting of technology development and economic transformation, plays an important role in the transformation and upgrading of China's economic development. Productivity analysis is the primary method for assessing the performance of economic growth. Hence, it is important to accurately measure productivity changes, which can provide valuable guidance for its further development. Accordingly, based on the provincial-level sample data of the high-tech industry, this paper measures the productivity changes of the whole system and each stage by adopting Malmquist and Hicks–Moorsteen indices both under the convex and nonconvex measures. Further, a comparative analysis of productivity changes from the national and regional high-tech industry perspective has been performed. Empirical results suggest that productivity changes differ significantly among the national, Eastern, and Northeast regions only for the variable returns to scale assumption under the nonconvex measure, specifically for the whole system. Moreover, more contradictory results between Malmquist and Hicks–Moorsteen indices occur under variable returns to scale and nonconvex technology. Furthermore, productivity growth for the whole system is primarily attributed to that of the technology development stage, except for the Central region. In addition, the differences in productivity changes across regions are reduced. Finally, some constructive suggestions have been made so that policymakers can provide theoretical references when making decisions for the high-quality development of the high-tech industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of top economic growth with the goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has become an important issue in the world, and scholars have analyzed high-quality economic development(HED) influencing factors from many perspectives, but there are few studies on green finance(GF) and high-quality economic development(HED). we examine the logical link between green financing and high-quality economic development, as well as the transmission mechanism behind this relationship. Using data from 30 Chinese regions from 2011 to 2021, our empirical study shows that green financing may improve high-quality economic development. Several robustness tests show that this association exists. Furthermore, our findings indicate that more robust government governance and market synergy may promote green finance for high-quality economic development. Green finance can enhance high-quality economic development by minimizing resource mismatch and encouraging green technology advancement. Simultaneously, green finance for high-quality economic development is significantly heterogeneous. Green credit and green insurance are important forms of support for promoting high-quality economic development, with significantly higher impacts in the eastern regions than in the central and western regions. Our research offers policymakers insights on encouraging green finance growth in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality innovation is an inevitable requirement for high-quality economic development, and an accurate grasp of the regional distribution characteristics of the level of highquality innovation development (HQID) can better understand and simulate high-quality innovation. This paper constructs a dataset of high-value inventions based on the Chinese patent database using textual analysis methods and the criteria for High-Quality Inventions proposed by the State Intellectual Property Office, and explores inter-provincial variability and convergence by using the Theil index, α convergence, and β convergence. This paper finds that High-Quality Inventions are significantly and positively correlated with various indicators measuring the quality and value of patents. In general, the overall level of HQID is on an upward trend with clear differences among provinces, which shows a regional unbalanced but overall rapid development. From the regional differences of HQID, the regional differences of HQID have been narrowed, mainly within the region. In terms of the convergence of HQID, α convergence, absolute β convergence, conditional β convergence, and club convergence exist nationally and within each region, which indicates that the gap between the national and regional levels of HQID has been narrowing over time. HQID has a positive promotion effect on the relationship between HQID and economic growth, economic growth rate, and total factor productivity. High-quality innovation can improve the quality of input factors, cultivate new dynamic energy for economic development, and then promote high-quality economic development. In the context of the shift of IP work from pursuing quantity to improving quality, the scientific understanding of high-quality innovation, the development status, and the differences of regional innovation high-quality development is of great significance for improving innovation quality and efficiency, and effectively supporting high-quality economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical monitoring of the level of economic growth momentum transformation is the basis for implementing quantitative policies for economic growth transformation. Based on theoretical analysis and combined with the process of national economic operation, this paper designs an economic growth momentum transformation monitoring indicator system consisting of four dimensions, supply and demand, factors, consumption and trade, using a comprehensive evaluation method to compile the economic growth momentum transformation level index. Using mainland China's provincial data from 2002 to 2021, we calculated the economic growth momentum transformation level of each province and extracted corresponding characteristics. The research found that the economic growth momentum transformation level of provincial economies in China exhibits stage-wise and dimensional differentiation over time, and it has category agglomeration and tiered transfer characteristics in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralization is often regarded as a panacea for achieving good governance. Yet few studies have explored how devolution (to subnational governments) affects policy agendas. In this article, we investigate how devolution affects two aspects of public service provision—economic growth and environmental protection based on the experience of China. The results show that the devolution simultaneously promotes local economic development and damages the environment. These mixed effects can be attributed to the administrative mechanism of the interaction between devolution and the distribution of government attention, which is more concerned with outcomes that can be observed in the short run rather than the long run. Our results highlight the complexity of governance and demonstrate the architecture for an effective policy framework design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governmental investment in commercializing academic patents has spurred economic growth. This study explores the mechanism underlying the impact of academic patent commercialization on regional economic development based on holistic view of the integration of local and neighbourhood hierarchies. The empirical analysis of a sample of 31 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2019 shows that fiscal expenditures on science and technology mediate the relationship between academic patent commercialization and economic development. Moreover, there is a positive spatial spill over effect between developing economies of neighbouring provinces. In the knowledge economy era, academic patent commercialization, supported by fiscal expenditure, plays an increasingly important role in regional economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1990, the participation of China in the global imports of Latin America (LAC) was incipient, while by 2019, China had become the second largest supplier of the region. This paper uses a sample of 14 LAC countries, estimates the effects of imports from China on each LAC country's economic growth, and verifies if these effects are evidenced in these countries' non-exporting or exporting sectors. This study proposes a Seemingly-Unrelated-Regressions (SUR) system for each sector. Results show that before China entered into World Trade Organization (WTO), LAC imports from China positively affected the economic growth of some LAC countries. However, beneficiary countries increased after China's adhesion to WTO. Imports from China drive the economic growth of the non-exporting sectors of Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and El Salvador, the exporting sector of the Dominican Republic, and both sectors of Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Except for the Dominican Republic, the countries whose export sectors benefit from China's imports are primary exporting countries. Adverse or null effects are estimated for the rest of the countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have largely ignored the role of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) and instead concentrated on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in large corporations. In the developing Chinese economy, promoting responsible behavior​ among manufacturing SMEs has taken on greater significance. Using mixed-level probit regression and qualitative comparative analysis, this study examines data from Chinese SMEs between 2010 and 2018. Results show that worker productivity has a positive impact on how public spending and R&D spending are related. The study reveals a wide range of relationships between various SME categories. Results show that public spending and R&D significantly contribute to the economic expansion of Chinese SMEs. Pre-crisis financial flexibility, which has little impact on R&D employment flexibility during a crisis, also undermines the positive relationship between increased R&D flexibility and post-crisis business performance. These observations clarify how SMEs participate in international R&D and highlight opportunities and management challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy may accelerate the upgrading of industrial structures and boost regional innovation output, effectively contributing to China's green economic transformation. The impact of the digital economy on developing the urban green economy is analyzed using data from 280 cities across China from 2010–2019. Using a fixed-effects model and the Spatial Durbin model, the digital economy is found to have a significant impact on urban green economy development. This result is shown to be robust to various factors. There is significant regional variability in the impact of the digital economy on green economic growth, with the strongest impact in the northeast, followed by the central and western regions. Meanwhile, non-resource-based cities and policy pilot cities have a more pronounced role in promoting the digital economy. The intermediate transmission chain of industrial structural upgrading and regional innovation output fosters the growth of the urban green economy via the digital economy. Regional innovation production is responsible for 30.848% of this growth, with the intermediate effect of industrial structural upgrading contributing to 38.155%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the endogenous influence of carbon trading on economic development, the ecological environment, and the coordinated development of both using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and cities except Tibet from 2007 to 2017. First, we provide environmental production elements to build an economic model based on the endogenous growth model, and then we employ three-dimensional graphics to conduct theoretical derivation in a more accessible and tangible manner. Secondly, we build a comprehensive index of China's coordinated economic and environmental growth in the context of carbon trading and use the coupled coordination model to determine the coordinated coupling degree of each location. Thirdly, the S-DID model is built to investigate the local and geographical implications of carbon trading. The findings demonstrate that the policy has a local impact that is notably favorable on the economic and environmental levels of each Chinese province and the coordinated growth between them. The degree of environmental optimization and the degree of coordinated development between the economy and the environment are two additional areas where the carbon trading mechanism has a strong positive geographical spillover impact. This study adds to the body of knowledge on China's carbon trading system and advances the endogenous growth hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased concern for green economic growth made many countries shift from simply pursuing economic growth to a green economic growth mode to protect resources and the environment. Against this background, we calculated China's green GDP and studied the impact of economic growth on environmental quality. For green economic growth, we employed income per capita, its square, information and communication technology, sports industry ecosystem efficiency, and human capital. We applied innovative econometric techniques such as cross-sectional dimensions (CSDs) tests, cross-sectional augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF), cross-sectional augmented Pesaran and Shin (CIPS) tests, Westerlund co-integration test, generalised method of moments (GMM), and fully modified least squares (FMOLS) estimators. The obtained outcomes showed the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis, which validates the green economic growth theme. However, ICT was negatively associated with carbon emissions. Similarly, sports industry eco-system efficiency (SIE) showed an insignificant negative impact on the explained variable. Human capital was inversely associated with carbon emissions. In addition, the moderate role of the SIE significantly reduces carbon emissions. In addition, the D-H panel causality test results showed a significant causal association among the selected variables. Owing to the outcomes, we proposed imperative policy implications for the desired level of green economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the past few decades, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent, and air pollution in the form of PM2.5 has become a major concern in China. The Chinese government has recognized the severity of these environmental challenges and has placed great emphasis on protecting the environment while promoting economic growth. This study utilizes remote sensing technology to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the decoupling between land-use intensity and PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) using 2000–2021 series of PM2.5 and land-use-change data, with the Mean Center Change analysis and the Tapio Decoupling Model. This study attempts to analyze the causes of change from the perspectives of economic development stage and policy execution. The study found that the average PM2.5 level decreased by 11.77 μg/m3 during this period, with high levels concentrated in urban areas and low levels found in less developed regions. The central trajectory of the land-use intensity shifted southeast, indicating a consistent trend in urbanization and industrialization in that direction. Meanwhile, the average land-use intensity value increased by 0.19, with the highest values concentrated in urban areas. A total of 71.12% of the regions in the YREB exhibited strong negative decoupling or negative decoupling between land-use intensity and PM2.5 levels, suggesting rapid urbanization and industrialization with a decrease in PM2.5 levels. These findings provide insight into the dynamic relationship between economic development, urbanization, and PM2.5 in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's rapid economic development has attracted worldwide attention, but the resulting environmental problems also cannot be ignored. Whether environmental regulations can achieve a win–win situation between "green" and "economic growth" has become the focus of academic circles. While related studies have examined environmental regulation through the "Cost-following theory" and "Porter hypothesis", they have mostly focused on a particular region or province, thus neglecting the spatial effects. The spatial effects of environmental regulation are important to study because of the overall environmental correlation across regions and especially adjacent provinces. This paper extends the "cost-following theory" and the "Porter hypothesis" to the spatial perspective and proposes two hypotheses, respectively. Through the spatial expansion of environmental regulation theory, this paper not only analyses the direct effect of local environmental regulation on local economic growth, but also the spatial spillover effect of adjacent provinces' environmental regulation on local economic growth. The empirical results show that the relationship between environmental regulation and economic growth in China is consistent with the spatial perspective of "Cost-following theory", but not with the spatial perspective of "Porter hypothesis". Through the above analysis, this paper is able to address the issues of how to make environmental regulation policies in adjacent provinces or regions as a whole, and how to coordinate environmental regulation with economic growth in adjacent regions. The findings of this paper also suggest that spatial effects need to be sufficiently considered in future studies on environment-related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cai Fang's book, "China's Economic Development: Implications for the World," provides a comparative case study on economic growth in China. The book explores various dynamics such as poverty, stages of development, capital accumulation, and technological innovation. It also discusses hot topics in the economy, including China's dominance in global supply and the challenges faced due to globalization. While the book offers an integrated theoretical framework, it does not provide experimental or empirical data to support its conclusions. Overall, the book is a valuable resource for those interested in the Chinese economy and economic development. [Extracted from the article]

Innovation, coordination, green initiatives, openness, and sharing are now considered to be essential building blocks for achieving high-quality economic development in China. Using a novel index, we investigate the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on high-quality economic development. Our results revealed the following: (1). The overall level of manufacturing agglomeration has been steadily decreasing, and there are significant differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of high-quality development across the country. (2). Manufacturing agglomeration promotes high-quality economic development not only within a region but also in its surrounding areas. However, different regions exhibit different spatial effects. (3). While manufacturing agglomeration simultaneously promotes economic growth, innovation, openness, and sharing between local and neighboring regions, it hinders local coordination and restrains green development in both local and neighboring regions. Overall, our findings provide timely policy evaluations on new policy trends in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By decomposing the changes of carbon emissions into effects of economic growth, industrial structural change, technological change and energy structure change, the paper firstly discusses the contribution of each effect to China's carbon emission changes between 2020 and 2030, and forecasts China's total carbon emissions in 2030. In particular, the paper strengthens that a decrease in population and a significant slowdown in urbanization will significantly reduce the construction demand, the main driver for high growth of carbon emissions in China, and provide a relatively favorable economic environment for China to achieve carbon peaking by 2030. The paper then discusses on how to achieve the "dual carbon" goals with the lowest possible economic cost by relying on market and price mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy analysis provides multiple methods and tools for generating and transforming policy-relevant information and supporting policy evolution to address emerging social problems. In this study, a bibliometric analysis of a large number of studies on historical policy analysis was performed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the distribution and evolution of policy problems in different fields among countries. The analysis indicates that policy analysis has been a great concern for scholars in recent two decades, and is involved in multiple disciplines, among which the dominant ones are medicine, environment, energy and economy. The major concerns of policy analysts and scholars are human health needs, environmental pressures, energy consumption caused by economic growth and urbanization, and the resulting demand for sustainable development. The multidisciplinary dialog implies the complicated real-world social problems that calls for more endeavors to develop a harmonious society. A global profiling for policy analysis demonstrates that the central policy problems and the corresponding options align with national development, for example, developing countries represented by China are faced with greater environmental pressures after experiencing extensive economic growth, while developed countries such as the USA and the UK pay more attention to the social issues of health and economic transformation. Exploring the differences in policy priorities among countries can provide a new inspiration for further dialog and cooperation on the development of the international community in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a unique dataset of 520 estimates from 32 studies, we analyze the effect of financial development on economic growth in China quantitatively using a meta-regression analysis. We find that the effect of financial development on economic growth, corrected for publication biases, is positive and statistically significant and that banking-sector development plays a dominant role in the economic growth of China. Moreover, there is weak evidence of the existence of Type-I publication bias and strong evidence of the existence of Type-II publication bias. We also find that sample size, the language of the studies, the empirical model, and the use of data from different regions are the sources of the heterogeneity of the estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a noteworthy initiative of financial supply-side reform to precisely support the green development system, can green finance (GF) help achieve the dual goals of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality"? Using data from China's provincial panel between 2007 and 2019, this paper measured the green finance index by the entropy method and the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) with carbon emission as the non-desired output by the Super-SBM model. Then, the influence of GF on CEE was empirically investigated by the dynamic panel model and the spatial Durbin model. The findings show that GF can significantly improve CEE and has a positive spillover impact on CEE in provinces with close economic ties; the upgrading of the industrial structure is a key mediator in the transmission of GF to CEE; and regional heterogeneity analysis finds that GF notably improves CEE in eastern, high development levels of economic and GF regions. The research can offer some theoretical and empirical references for green finance to contribute to low-carbon economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic and technological development zone (ETDZ) serves an essential role in driving green development and ecological civilization. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the impact of ETDZs on eco-efficiency for sustainable development. This paper investigates the impact of the establishment of ETDZs on eco-efficiency by constructing a differences-in-differences (DID) model on the basis of 253 cities in China from 2004 to 2017 as the dataset. This paper also explores the possible intrinsic impact mechanisms through the channels of industrial structure and technological innovation by constructing a mediating effect model, and the heterogeneous effects of ETDZs on eco-efficiency from the perspectives of regional imbalance and city class heterogeneity. Statistical results report that ETDZs significantly positively affect eco-efficiency and such effects are most significant in the first year after the establishment of ETDZs. Industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are essential role mechanisms for ETDZs to enhance eco-efficiency. Besides, the enhancement effect of ETDZs on eco-efficiency is only observed in the eastern part of the city, with an insignificant inhibitory effect in central and western parts of the cities. However, the establishment of ETDZs in cities with higher city classes is more beneficial to improve eco-efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to maintain the momentum of sustained economic growth has always been an important issue of concern to all countries in the world. Using a three-level progressive analysis framework, the article provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of supply-side economic growth drivers in China from 2003 to 2021 and the magnitude of their roles. The results show that in terms of the composition of growth drivers, total factor productivity makes the largest contribution to economic growth, while the contributions of capital scale and labor scale rank second and third, respectively; in terms of the industrial dimension, the changes in the contributions of each factor to GDP growth mainly originate from the influence of secondary and tertiary industries. From the decomposition of total factor productivity growth, industrial capital productivity and capital allocation structure both play a positive pulling effect on overall capital productivity, but have a weak downward trend. Industrial labor productivity and labor allocation structure both play a slight negative pulling effect on overall labor productivity; from the deep decomposition of growth momentum, industrial factor productivity and industrial factor allocation structure play a major positive pushing effect and a weak negative pushing effect on economic growth, respectively. The conclusion of this paper provides a valuable reference for developing countries on how to maintain the momentum of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green finance sector is key to accelerating the green transformation of economic structures and promoting green economic growth. However, understanding how to effectively combine green finance and green innovation is still in the exploratory stage. Using the implementation of the Green Credit Guidelines (hereinafter Guidelines) in 2012 as a quasi-natural experiment, we examine the causal relationship between green finance and green innovation. According to our findings, the green innovation performance of green credit-restricted industries improved significantly after the implementation of the Guidelines, although quality improvements of green innovation were not evident. This was a result of improved management efficiency and investment efficiency. Additionally, the Guidelines appear to have a more positive impact on green innovation for firms with lower levels of managerial short-termism or firms in regions with stronger environmental law enforcement. Green innovation can significantly enhance the environmental and social performance of a company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking land use development strategies is an effective policy tool to support economic development, especially in developing countries. Previous studies evidence the indispensable role of urban construction land use (UCLU) in regional economic development. However, neglecting the two-stage characteristic and mismatch of UCLU could misinterpret the strategy. This study, considering a two-stage characteristic, aims to explore how land use development strategy affects economic development. First, we create a measure for UCLU mismatch. Second, using both linear and nonlinear models, we explore the possible relationship between the land use strategy and economic development. Subsequently, robustness and the potential path-dependent reinforcement loop (PDRL) are discussed further. Finally, the fundamental channels are investigated in the mechanism analysis section. The results confirm that temporary positive effects stimulate economic development, whereas permanent potential negative effects undermine robust economic development. In addition, the PDRL shows that irrational adoption of the strategy would mean succumbing to low- and medium-industries. We also find that land and capital demonstrate exogenous properties that function as visible hands, with economic regulation exploring UCLU mismatches and misallocation of resources. However, the overuse of these two policies could lead to an unhealthy cycle of mutually reinforcing adverse effects. Based on these findings, we propose policy recommendations to support the rational use of this strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exports are a crucial driving force of China's economic growth; however, researchers have yet to verify whether they can effectively improve the high-quality economic development. Based on interprovincial panel data from 2000 to 2019, in this study, we constructed a high-quality economic development indicator system through the entropy weight method, and we adopted the linear regression model and dynamic panel threshold model to empirically test the export trade effect on the high-quality economic development as well as its mechanism. We also probed the impact of the heterogeneous absorptive capacity on the high-quality economic development. According to our research findings, China's export trade has substantially promoted the high-quality economic development level by, from the viewpoint of the action path, positively influencing the economic, open, and coordination subsystems. The influence of the export trade on the high-quality economic development has a substantial single-threshold effect on the heterogeneous absorptive capacity; that is, when the threshold variables that represent the regional absorptive capacity (the economic level, R&D intensity, and technological gap) are all higher than the threshold value, the export trade has a substantial positive impact on the high-quality economic development level. The research conclusions of this paper provide new ideas for the development of high-quality economic systems as well as a useful reference for China in its formulation of more targeted foreign trade policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Given the finite nature of fossil energy and rising environmental pressures, countries are increasing focus on clean energy. By employing provincial panel data from 2003 to 2019 in China, this study sheds light on the effect of clean energy development on economic growth and the role of environmental regulation in the relationship. The study utilized moderating and threshold effect models for empirical estimation. Results show that clean energy development has a positive impact on economic growth in general. In terms of region heterogeneity, the contribution of clean energy development to economic growth is more pronounced in regions with higher levels of economic development. Furthermore, we provide evidence that market-based environmental regulation has a single threshold, which has a positive regulating effect on the relationship between clean energy development and economic growth, while administrative environmental regulation has a double threshold, which has a negative regulating effect on the relationship between the two. The findings of our study provide useful policy directions for maintaining a balance between economic growth and environmental prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive Green Growth (IGG) has important reference value for China's ecological civilization construction and transformation of economic development. Therefore, this study assesses China's IGG level from the perspective of relative efficiency. The IGG efficiency (IGGE) was measured at the provincial level in China from 2000 to 2020 by using Super-Epsilon-Based Measure (EBM) model that considers undesirable outputs. The spatiotemporal pattern of IGGE was analyzed by kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate a fluctuating trend from 2000 to 2020 for the IGGE of China, and significant differences between regional and interprovincial IGGE were observed. On average, the eastern region presented the highest efficiency, while the level in the central regions was lowest. There is a positive spatial autocorrelation in the IGGE distribution, and the agglomeration of spatial distribution fluctuated during the study period. The IGGE has spatial spillover effects at the provincial level according to the spatial Durbin model. Among the influencing factors, the spatial spillover effects of industrial structure, government administrative capability, and industrialization level are significant. The regression results also confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve effect between IGG and economic growth in China. Finally, some implicit policies can be established based on the empirical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road safety development is affected by both motorization rates and economic growth. This phenomenon is studied using the Kuznets curve model, which uses data such as the number of road fatalities, the population, the number of vehicles, and the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, all of which are verified by applying the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The results showed that there were strong links between road safety development and economic growth in China. As GDP per capita rose from 1979 to 2018, the number of vehicles per person increased and the number of fatalities per vehicle decreased, producing a relationship that followed an N-shaped curve. However, in 2002, the relationship between the road mortality rate and GDP per capita followed an inverted U-shaped curve; the point at which this happened in the Kuznets curve was the turning point for road safety performance in China. Thus, road mortality rates increased as GDP per capita increased, but declined once GDP per capita exceeded 17 187 CNY. The analysis that stems from the results of the Kuznets curve model is consistent with the performance evaluation derived from the DEA-based road safety model. The findings could provide an important reference for policymakers to improve road safety under harsh economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]