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Certain post-Keynesian (PK) authors consider Means as one of the founding figures of PK theory and a notable contributor to heterodox economic thought in general. Paradoxically, many surveys of PK economics do not mention his name at all. It is the purpose of the current study to scrutinize the possible reasons behind the contradictory evaluations of Means’ contributions among PK authors. Based on a critical analysis of his stance on Keynesian and political economics traditions as well as his labor analysis, I argue that Means’ ideas and PK theory remain in harmony on the surface but conflict at a more fundamental level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a post-Keynesian stock flow consistent (PK-SFC) model that analyses the dynamics of an economy characterised by several — often individually studied — features of PK-SFC studies together with some innovative aspects. In particular, we investigate the income and wealth distribution between two social classes, capitalists and workers, after a period of a crisis subject to different policy scenarios. Non-financial firms but also government can undertake investments decisions and both accumulate capital. Finally, we consider the workers' and capitalists' consumption behaviour that contributes to produce (un)sustainable paths. Our model is built upon Bibi (2020, 2021) within an endogenous money framework and is calibrated using available data for major advanced economies. Simulations are conducted to question the different government fiscal policies to reduce unemployment boosting the economic activity, to obtain a more equitable distribution between social classes while obtaining those goals in a sustainable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article formally examines the economic impact of Israeli movement restrictions on the Palestinian economy, taking into account the distribution of economic burden among Palestinian workers and capitalists. It utilizes a model that postulates restrictions as an external third claimant on income (together with wages and profits). It highlights the importance of a political economy lens that takes social classes into consideration, both in the presented stylized facts and in the formal model. Formally, instead of assuming that capitalists passively bear the full burden of the restrictions on their profitability, the new model assumes that capitalists channel the burden to workers via the nominal wage. It also adjusts the assumption that the savings rate is homogeneous between Palestinian workers and capitalists. The article derives the new specifications for the profit rate, capacity utilization and capital accumulation, and finds that shifting the distributional impact of movement restrictions has a clear impact on the short-run equilibrium levels of capacity utilization and capital accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supermultiplier model is gaining momentum. To become a cornerstone of modern macroeconomics, it should explain the dynamics of advanced market economies in a coherent, complete, and simple way. In particular, it is supposed to clarify the possibilities and limits of credit-driven economies, like the one observed in most advanced countries after 1995. This paper contributes to these goals by integrating the Sraffian supermultiplier with the post-Keynesian hypothesis of credit money endogeneity. This hypothesis is somehow modified when autonomous banks are able to accelerate credit above output growth, as happened after 2002. The gap between credit and output growth implies that a part of the loans is financing non-output transactions (land, old houses, shares), usually with a speculative bias. The consequences of a persistent gap are demand depression and asset inflation, as we observed after 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rent seeking has once again become an important topic in economics. However, rent seeking poses challenges that standard economic theory is not well equipped to handle. This paper develops a working definition of rent seeking that can be applied to post-Keynesian growth models. The main finding is that, in a post-Keynesian framework, rent seeking will have an effect on income distribution and average productivity. In addition, increases in rent seeking can have undesirable effects on the distribution of talent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While modeling macroeconomic interactions, post-Keynesians propose rationales to verbally motivate the choice of behavioral equations. This informal approach to microfoundation results in inconsistencies and fuzzy arguments. The rationales for different behavioral rules are mutually inconsistent, require strong and nontransparent assumptions, or refer to highly endogenous variables that are not part of the model. The postulated behavioral rules are invariant to endogenous changes in the microenvironment, whereas the rationales imply that they adjust endogenously. The prevailing assumption of purely backward-looking expectations is neither theoretically nor empirically satisfying. The article concludes that revisiting the issue of microfoundation within the post-Keynesian framework may be a rewarding line of research. Furthermore, post-Keynesians should be open to various microfoundations as long as models feature the core of post-Keynesian theory—the principle of effective demand. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Dynamic Stochastic Disequilibrium (DSDE) models share the micro-foundations of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models based on inter-temporal optimization and rational expectations. Yet, it features the principle of effective demand which is at the core of Traditional Post-Keynesian (TPK) models and follows from the perception that the wage inflation is a policy variable rather than a labor-market clearing variable. In order to locate the DSDE model among the traditions of economic thought, the paper compares DSDE first-order conditions of optimal behavior with TPK rule-of-thumb behavior. It further compares the economic propagation of a DSDE model to those of a DSGE and TPK model as well as a Synthetic Neoclassical (SNC) model which features TPK behavioral assumptions and labor-market clearing. We arrive at two core conclusions: First, apart from assumptions regarding expectation formation, orthodox micro-foundation is, to a considerable extent, consistent with the behavioral hypotheses underlying TPK models. Second, the economy characterized by the DSDE model is essentially post-Keynesian rather than neoclassical because it features the principle of effective demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper expands the BOP-constraint growth model and Kaldorian regimes (productivity and demand regimes) in order to include some of the concerns raised by ecological economics in post-Keynesian models for open economies. The demand regime is modified by taking into account Porter's hypothesis, which suggests that environmental innovations, spurred by environmental policies, can foster competitiveness. As a result, the equilibrium BOP-constrained rate of growth increases, leading to a different version of Thirlwall's Law, which opens room for analyzing the impact of environmental innovations on convergence between developing and developed economies. The productivity regime in turn considers the growth and employment implications of innovations in labor productivity (standard innovations) and environmental efficiency (environmental innovations). It is argued that the fiscal policy and composition of public expenditure matter for long run growth, employment and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]