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There are many pulp and paper industries all around the globe and in Ethiopia as well different companies are involved in the production and distribution of paper and paper products. Most of the industries especially those in developing countries like Ethiopia produce paper from pulp obtained from wood cellulose. Ethiopia is not producing its pulp and mostly the paper industries depend on imported pulp or recycled paper. There are critical limitations in synthesizing pulp and paper from wood-based cellulose resources mainly the scarcity of wood in some countries and the impact on altering the ecological balance and through frequent deforestation and replantation practice. The present review assesses the potential sources from non-wood resources which can be used as a substitute cellulose raw material for the pulp and paper industry. The study encompasses possible beneficiation routes for manufacturing pulp from non-wood cellulose resources available in Ethiopia for diversified application in the paper industry. With this regard, potential non-wood raw materials for pulping are assed in line with the fulfilment of the target for import substitution strategy, the realization of a safe working environment, and socio-economic betterment of the nation with specific reference to the paper industry.

Highly cited papers are among the most commonly used indicators for measuring scientific excellence. The primary purpose of this study is to determine characteristics of highly cited papers authored or co-authored by Croatian researchers and to identify patterns of their national and cross-national collaboration. The Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Core Collection was used for collecting data. Data were filtered for the highly cited papers published in the 2008-2018 period. Half of 428 identified highly cited papers were published in only 18 journals. The distribution across subject areas showed a strong domination of the fields of physics and clinical medicine. The median number of authors per average paper was 30, 5, while the same value in the case of Croatian authors was 2. Only 4% of the analysed papers were authored by Croatian researchers only. The national inter- institutional collaboration was marginal and mainly visible through joined collaboration with foreign institutions. European institutions are most frequently found among the authors’ addresses. For a small country on the scientific periphery, international cooperation is a prerequisite not only for the publication of highly cited papers but also for acquiring additional research experience in mainstream scientific teams.

Guiding industries to produce in an effective and environmentally sustainable manner has become a key issue for governments around the world. Over the past 15 years, series of regional and industrial development policies have been introduced by the Chinese government. This has influenced the geographical distribution and energy efficiency performance of China’s industries. This paper quantifies the influence of enterprises geographical distribution on energy efficiency improvement in the paper industry and aims at providing some helpful suggestions on industrial development to policy makers. The main results show that, firstly, the paper industry in eastern China shows obvious characteristic of agglomeration. The average location quotient is 1.2278. However, following the industrial and regional development policies, the characteristic of agglomeration is weakening. Secondly, only when agglomeration reaches a certain level (location quotient is above 0.5447) will industrial agglomeration positively impact on industrial energy efficiency improvement (a 1% increase in agglomeration will increase dynamic energy efficiency by at least 0.23%). Thirdly, the regional development policies carried out by the government slow the pace of energy efficiency improvement in China’s paper industry. The empirical results indicate that the government needs to consider regional characteristics and consciously guide industrial enterprises to concentrate in the dominant area.

IPPTA (Indian Pulp and Paper Technical Association) Journal is a well-known journal in the Indian pulp and paper fraternity with a publishing history of fifty-five years. This study presents a bibliometric overview of articles published in the IPPTA Journal during 2005-2019. This is the first bibliometric study of a journal completely dedicated to pulp and paper research. The bibliometric analysis included analysis of article distribution, subject classification, authorship pattern, author productivity and collaboration, geographical distribution, references, keywords, prominent institutions, and citations. It also accounts for Lotka's law of scientific productivity, relative growth rate, doubling time, frequently contributing authors and top-cited articles. It was found that during this period 830 articles were published in IPPTA Journal. The average number of articles published per year in the journal is ~56. A total of 2361 authors from 27 countries and 339 unique institutes were identified in these articles. These articles contained 1009 unique keywords, used 5968 references, and received 561 citations. 74.10% of articles were contributed by joint authors. Out of the total 5968 references cited in this journal during the period of study, 48.51% were sourced from journal articles. The overall degree of collaboration, modified collaboration coefficient, average author per article, productivity per article, and collaboration index were calculated to be 0.7410, 0.5030, 2.8446, 0.3515, and 3.8390, respectively. Nonetheless, highlighting various interesting features, this analysis also detected certain inadequacies that need to be resolved for further improvement of this journal.

The effectiveness of foreign aid in stimulating economic development is a topic of intense debate in the scientific community and among policy analysts. Numerous empirical studies are devoted to investigating the impact of foreign aid on the economic growth/development of recipient countries. This study reviews the literature relevant to this debate using the bibliometric data of scholarly papers in the Scopus database. Our intention is to identify the trends of publications, their geographical distribution and the most influential journals, authors and articles in this field of research.

The Coronavirus outbreak has brought a global health emergency with a newfound domestic and international trade disruption such as restrictions on imports and exports of major food commodities, loss of lives, closure of various essential institutions, and the likes. With the spread of COVID-19 around the world, the food and agricultural sector have experienced a negative downturn with an immense labor loss, inadequate distribution of food inputs around the world. Thus, the question arises that to what extent can the food supply chain remain resilient to the effects of the pandemic? And, what are the immediate and lasting resolutions? Importantly, the resilience of the food supply chain is critical to mankind’s survival. In this paper, we highlighted the main challenges faced by the resilience of the global food supply chain. We also present policies and suggestions that focus on mitigating the impact of the pandemic on food production and distribution systems.

This paper defines the ‘miraculous year’ as the most productive year in academics’ scientific careers. It tests the hypothesis that annual productivity is unevenly distributed with a Lotka-like distribution at both individual and group levels. To gain generalizability, we model distributions of annual publication productivity in three independent mini studies. The studies include Israeli star scientists, highly cited physicists, and economists in an elite American university. The findings show that most scientists enjoy a peak annus mirabilis with a minority having a few such peaks. Academic age at which the annus mirabilis takes place gravitates towards the center of a career, especially amongst older scientists. The results support the hypothesis that scientific careers are punctuated by exceptionally productive years. We discuss how administrative constraints may affect levels of productivity. The paper opens up a new empirical domain for further empirical tests of career productivity and calls for policy discussions around the implications of the idea of the annus mirabilis.

Following the editorial series presented in ACS Catalysis in 2020, I investigated the gender distribution in highly cited ACS Catalysis papers. As a main result, I found that from the 155 highly cited papers that showed up in my analysis, only 15 papers have female corresponding author(s) (9.7%), and only 5 of these 15 papers have solely female corresponding author(s) (3.2%). I also analyzed geographical distribution and found that two new categories "Small Countries", including for example Cyprus, Greece, Iceland, and Ireland, and "Developing Countries", including Mexico, South Africa, Thailand, and Vietnam, provide significant contributions to ACS Catalysis, larger than Canada or UK, based on the defined metrics.

A paper manufacturing plant minimizes its production cost by using long production runs that combine the demands from its various customers. As jobs are completed, they are released to distribution for delivery. Deliveries are made by railcars, each of which is dedicated to one customer. Long production runs imply that maximizing railcar utilization requires holding the cars over several days or holding completed jobs within the loading facility. Each of these methods imposes a cost onto the distribution function. We find how distribution can minimize its cost, given production's schedule. We then consider the problem of minimizing the company's overall cost of both production and distribution. A computational study using general data illustrates that the distribution cost is reduced by 25.80% through our proposed scheme, and that the overall cost is reduced an additional 4.40% through our coordination mechanism. An optimal algorithm is derived for a specific plant's operations

Objective To assess the overall trends in the development and citation impact of high-impact papers in nursing research worldwide to gain insight into the focus areas of nursing research. Background Bibliometric method is proved to be effective in analysing the papers' characteristics, and it gained considerable interest from the scientific community in recent years. An analysis of the characteristics and intrinsic patterns of high-impact papers in nursing research will provide an objective reflection of the research hot spots. Nursing managers can pointedly increase funding amount and strengthen research cooperation in order to put the scientific results into management practice. Methods Bibliometric methods and visualization software were used to comprehensively analyse high-impact papers in nursing research in terms of development trends, countries/regions, distribution of subject areas, research institutes, collaborative networks and subject terms. Results There were 6,886 papers between 2008 and 2018. The number of papers increased from 528 in 2008 to 723 in 2015, and then remained above 600 in 2016 and 2017. These papers were mainly distributed in nursing, oncology, paediatrics, gynaecology, teaching and education, and cardiac and cardiovascular systems and were cited by 128,845 papers that came from 89 Web of Science subject areas. Papers in nursing research accounted for the largest share of these citations. The top five countries in the world in terms of the number of high-impact papers were the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada and Sweden. The research institutions with the highest number of high-impact papers worldwide were the University of California System, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of North Carolina, the University of London and the University of Technology Sydney. In this data set, it was shown that research collaborative circles have been formed in the United States, Australia, Canada and Europe; the subject-term analysis indicated that 'women' and 'students' have always been high-interest populations for high-impact papers and that cancer is still one of the greatest threats to human health. Furthermore, the subject terms of high-impact papers in nursing research have gradually evolved from 'disease' and 'therapy' to 'symptoms'. Conclusion In recent years, the number of high-impact papers published each year in nursing research has grown over time. Nursing has been shown to be a highly specialized subject, and the majority of its high-impact papers have been published by research institutions. Although cross-regional collaborations are beginning to emerge, there is much room for improvement in this regard. Finally, women, students, cancer and symptomatic care are the current focus areas in nursing research. Implications for nursing management This study informs nursing managers within the nursing research field about subject areas, collaborative networks and hot topics. It is beneficial to pay attention to studies, manage scientific outputs, allocate resources, seek cooperation and improve the work efficiency of scientific research management.

Purpose: Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) engaged in the business of Trading and Distribution in the United Arab Emirates are characterized by fluctuations in the business performance and growth. Even though 95% of the businesses in the UAE are SME sector, the variations in the growth pattern lead to various challenges which the owner/manager sometimes fails to handle well. The aim of this concept paper is to identify the factors contributing to the sustained growth of SME business in the UAE. Approach/Methodology/Design: The research problem for this study is “how to ensure sustained growth in business for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in the United Arab Emirates”. The other studies on SME business have focused on SME performance but have not specifically focused on sustaining the performance and growing over a long period of time. This research will specifically focus on the factors contributing to sustained growth and this will be ascertained through quantitative survey of various SMEs in the UAE. Findings: This research aims to find the success factors which can be useful to the SME sector of the UAE in order to achieve sustained growth in business. As a result of this study, a possible matrix will emerge showing a framework to be applied for sustained growth of business for SMEs. Practical Implications: Sustained growth and longevity of the business remains the most important dream of every SME owner/manager, and the final recommendations of this research will result in a framework which would help SMEs in the UAE to have a sustained growth in business. Originality/value: The specific objective of this research is to find “factors that contribute to the sustained growth in business”. This would ensure that, despite the vagaries in the business environment, the SME owner will continue to have a stable business with sustained growth over a long period of time.

Rheumatology is a broad research area with an extensive background in scientific publications. Thus, the present study aims to identify the highly cited papers in Rheumatology research field, analyzing some aspects such as the documents distribution by years, journals, authors, institutions and countries. Furthermore, a conceptual evolution and a co-word analysis have been performed. In order to carry out this study, the H-Classics methodology, based on widely used H-index, has been used. A total of 317 highly cited papers have been detected from a total amount of 103.175 documents (articles and reviews) indexed in the Rheumatology category of the Web of Science database, from the period 1945–2016. As a result, it is obtained that Arthritis and Rheumatism is the journal with the highest number of documents, with more than half of detected documents. Professor Emery, from the University of Leeds (UK), and professor Felson, from the Boston University (USA), are the authors with more highly cited papers. The University of California (USA) and the University of Stanford (USA) are the main institutional contributors. USA is the leading producer, with more than half of the highly cited papers, but it is interesting to highlight the position reached by Peoples R. China, Mexico and, South Africa when an adjustment index based in the GDP per capita is applied. Osteo-arthritis and monoclonal antibody are the leader topics of this set of documents. The present study shows a useful insight into the development and evolution of the Rheumatology research field, revealing actors that have made the most significant research contribution to its development.

The Enhancing Food Security in the Northeast (EFSNE) project started in 2011 to explore the potential for regional food systems to improve food security in the Northeastern U.S. Building on the nationwide interest in local food systems, EFSNE researchers have been motivated by a desire to understand whether regional food systems, which have a larger geographic scope, might have some of the perceived sustainability benefits attributed to local food while providing food accessible to all consumers. To this end, an interdisciplinary team drawn from academic institu­tions, federal government research organizations, and nonprofits has spent seven years trying to understand food consumption, distribution, pro­cessing, and production in the Northeast. Through studying the actual supply chains in nine locations around the Northeast region and doing extensive modeling and analysis of secondary data on food systems, we have attempted to understand the extent to which the region can rely on its own food production and can meet the needs of low-income populations. This issue of JAFSCD presents an initial set of three papers that summarize key insights gathered so far. These papers explore (1) the food system as viewed through an eight-product market basket, (2) our experience engaging and informing stakeholders, and (3) consumers’ perceptions of regional food. Papers to be pub­lished in a later issue are likely to cover (4) our educational activities and their impact on students and trainees, (5) the distribution of products in the Northeast food system, and (6) the capacity of the region to produce food.

In this article, we discuss how we can advance our knowledge and estimation of the distribution of temperature across urban regions by going beyond the commonly known urban heat islands (UHI) phenomena, which identify the temperature difference between a city and its rural surrounding. Transit heat island (THI) focuses more on the transit routes, which are among the hottest intra-urban land covers. We also discuss new efficient and effective means of collecting data with enough spatio-temporal resolution to model and analyze THI with various smart city applications in mind.

At present, analysis from the data of researchers' publications and their citations is an important method for researchers' evaluation. As scientific cooperation is more and more common, the research of credit distribution in papers is increasingly important. The purpose of this paper is to analyze diversified methods of credit distribution according to the authors' rank in published papers. Among several methods mentioned in this paper, the A-index is too subjective to make the cr edit distribution convincing. Besides, the application of Geometric Counting, Proportional Counting and Correct Credit Distribution which don't take corresponding authors into account is a bit limited. In addition, these methods are not quite suitable to papers with large amounts of co-authors. However, the rest of the methods consider corresponding authors. Moreover, the parameters in Combined Credit Allocation and Network-based Allocation changes when referred to the different disciplines. By comparison, these two methods are much more rational with flexibility and discipline-adaptation.

Scientific publishing is experiencing unprecedented growth in terms of outputs across all fields. Inevitably this creates pressure throughout the system on a number of entities. One key element is represented by peer-reviewers, whose demand increases at an even higher pace than that of publications, since more than one reviewer per paper is needed and not all papers that get reviewed get published. The relatively recent Publons platform allows for unprecedented insight into the usual ‘blindness’ of the peer-review system. At a time where the world’s top peer-reviewers are announced and celebrated, we have taken a step back in order to attempt a partial mapping of their profiles to identify trends and key dimensions of this community of ‘super-reviewers’. This commentary focuses necessarily on a limited sample due to manual processing of data, which needs to be done within a single day for the type of information we seek. In investigating the numbers of performed reviews vs. academic citations, our analysis suggests that most reviews are carried out by relatively inexperienced academics. For some of these early career academics, peer-reviewing seems to be the only activity they engage with, given the high number of reviews performed (e.g., three manuscripts per day) and the lack of outputs (zero academic papers and citations in some cases). Additionally, the world’s top researchers (i.e., highly-cited researchers) are understandably busy with research activities and therefore far less active in peer-reviewing. Lastly, there seems to be an uneven distribution at a national level between scientific outputs (e.g., publications) and reviews performed. Our analysis contributes to the ongoing global discourse on the health of scientific peer-review, and it raises some important questions for further discussion.

In a move toward the integration of social and ecological goals in land management, landscape approaches are now a part of mainstream conservation and development policy discourses worldwide. Policies for integrated landscape management in Mesoamerica have long promoted biological corridors as a way to enhance biodiversity conservation and habitat connectivity while improving livelihoods in the surrounding landscape matrix. Recently, though, the policy focus throughout the region has shifted toward landscape restoration, which subsumes and expands upon the former approach to respond more explicitly to concerns about climate change. However, the limited success and challenges of translating corridors from paper into practice raise questions about the potential of landscape restoration policies to achieve intended outcomes. Centering on the experience of El Salvador, this paper draws on policy and document analysis and interviews with professionals to compare the two approaches and explore the implications of the transition toward landscape restoration based on lessons learned from past corridor implementation challenges. The paper argues that while the two approaches share many core components and objectives, landscape restoration has different spatial and distributional implications in terms of priority-setting, distribution of resources and benefits, and the promotion of conservation management strategies and alternatives. Nevertheless, unresolved challenges of integrated landscape management revealed by decades of unsuccessful corridor implementation must be addressed if restoration policies are to make headway. Through a critical analysis of shifting policy frameworks in El Salvador, the research offers crucial insight into the limitations and possibilities of integrated landscape management in Mesoamerica and globally.

Improving the soil and biomass with coal is estimated at the international level as a way to enhance soil productiveness, fertility and also to mitigate climate change. Biochar employed to improve land scope and impound carbon, is attracting a great deal of attention. Its characteristics of chemical, physical and biological properties, containing big surface area, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), high water-holding capacity, size of pore, volume, distribution, and element composition, affect its recognized influences, particularly on microbial communities. These are discovered in the agriculture lands, lands remediation and composting. However, incomplete information existed about biochar for several farmers or peasants in agriculture scope. Therefore, farmers or peasants and gardeners are facing new opportunities and defiance each day, from feeding global extending and expanding population, whilst meeting severe new emissions requirements, to create more food on fewer land area while reducing their environmental emissions. Widespread application and utilization of biochar in agricultural scope, forestry production, energy, environmental protection and additional areas, has interested awareness by scientists and investigators inside and/or outside the country. The objective of this paper is to provide a guide for the farmers or peasants and gardeners with an essential information about biochar and what the ability of biochar can be achieved in the soil, and which can provide the scientific reference for the biochar application, and to get high yield and good quality of crops in all of different soils.

In this Submission to Standards Australia (SA), the Australasian Legal Information Institute submits that SA should make it one of its objectives to maximise the free access availability of standards, particularly by placing various categories of standards in the public domain through the use of non-viral open content licensing, particularly Regulated Standards and other standards of very high public importance and interest. To make this possible, SA should also adopt an objective to develop an operating model which recognises the public interest in its activities and that allows for multiple funding sources within a not for profit framework. AustLII submits that these principles should be accepted now as broad objectives, irrespective of the extent to which they can be achieved at the moment. The submission then makes various more detailed recommendations concerning how these objectives may be achieved.

Este trabajo aborda la historia del panamericanismo a partir del análisis de un caso particular: las actividades mercantiles y el discurso publicitario de la compañía estadounidense llamada National Paper and Type Co. Esta empresa, que estuvo activa en las primeras décadas del siglo veinte, acaparó el nicho de mercado de la exportación de maquinaria y productos para la impresión (papel y tinta) manufacturados en los Estados Unidos para distribuirlos a toda Latinoamérica. Fue la principal proveedora de los insumos con que se hicieron los periódicos más notables de la región. Al dominar este mercado, construyó el andamiaje de la estructura material de la esfera pública. Además de dominar esta importante actividad transnacional, la National fue una activa divulgadora del discurso panamericanista que aprovechó para asegurarse clientes, promover una cultura de negocios en América Latina típica de la sociedad anglosajona y cultivó una mentalidad que propiciaba el consumo. El panamericanismo que manipuló esta compañía distribuidora de manufacturas promovió una muy importante valoración de Latinoamérica y fortaleció los vínculos que proponía aquella utopía de cercanía que imaginaba una Panamérica unida. Esta intermediaria comercial y cultural construyó un puente de comunicación que abonaría al fortalecimiento de una esfera pública transnacional.

International audience; Global species extinction rates are orders of magnitude above the background rate documented in the fossil record. However, recent data syntheses have found mixed evidence for patterns of net species loss at local spatial scales. For example, two recent data meta-analyses have found that species richness is decreasing in some locations and is increasing in others. When these trends are combined, these papers argued there has been no net change in species richness, and suggested this pattern is globally representative of biodiversity change at local scales. Here we reanalyze results of these data syntheses and outline why this conclusion is unfounded. First, we show the datasets collated for these syntheses are spatially biased and not representative of the spatial distribution of species richness or the distribution of many primary drivers of biodiversity change. This casts doubt that their results are representative of global patterns. Second, we argue that detecting the trend in local species richness is very difficult with short time series and can lead to biased estimates of change. Reanalyses of the data detected a signal of study duration on biodiversity change, indicating net biodiversity loss is most apparent in studies of longer duration. Third, estimates of species richness change can be biased if species gains during post-disturbance recovery are included without also including species losses that occurred during the disturbance. Net species gains or losses should be assessed with respect to common baselines or reference communities. Ultimately, we need a globally coordinated effort to monitor biodiversity so that we can estimate and attribute human impacts as causes of biodiversity change. A combination of technologies will be needed to produce regularly updated global datasets of local biodiversity change to guide future policy. At this time the conclusion that there is no net change in local species richness is not the consensus state of knowledge.

Background Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent) is a dioecious tree native to East Asia and mainland Southeast-Asia, introduced prehistorically to Polynesia as a source of bark fiber by Austronesian-speaking voyagers. In Oceania, trees are coppiced and harvested for production of bark-cloth, so flowering is generally unknown. A survey of botanical records of paper mulberry revealed a distributional disjunction: the tree is apparently absent in Borneo and the Philippines. A subsequent study of chloroplast haplotypes linked paper mulberry of Remote Oceania directly to a population in southern Taiwan, distinct from known populations in mainland Southeast-Asia. Methodology We describe the optimization and use of a DNA marker designed to identify sex in paper mulberry. We used this marker to determine the sex distribution in selected localities across Asia, Near and Remote Oceania. We also characterized all samples using the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence (ITS) in order to relate results to a previous survey of ITS diversity. Results In Near and Remote Oceania, contemporary paper mulberry plants are all female with the exception of Hawaii, where plants of both sexes are found. In its natural range in Asia, male and female plants are found, as expected. Male plants in Hawaii display an East Asian ITS genotype, consistent with modern introduction, while females in Remote Oceania share a distinctive variant. Conclusions Most paper mulberry plants now present in the Pacific appear to be descended from female clones introduced prehistorically. In Hawaii, the presence of male and female plants is thought to reflect a dual origin, one a prehistoric female introduction and the other a modern male introduction by Japanese/Chinese immigrants. If only female clones were dispersed from a source-region in Taiwan, this may explain the absence of botanical records and breeding populations in the Philippines and Borneo, and Remote Oceania.

Properly organized ticket distribution is a crucial tool to realize tariff policy of public passenger transport provider in the given area, as well as the factor influencing the ticket sale profits. Providing the proper accessibility of public communication ticket sale network requires signing contracts with third parties, which is consequently connected with the necessity to divide the tasks and responsibilities among them, which generates certain risk for each of the parties. In the article the types of risks have been discussed, as well as the methods of its sharing in case of agreements concerning public communication paper ticket distribution. Based on the example of the Municipal Transport Union of the Upper Silesian Industrial District in Katowice, the types of such agreements have been presented as well as their influence on organizing urban communication ticket distribution system in Silesian agglomeration. The paper presents a new approach to risk management as an important part of integration strategy of urban transport organizer.

This special issue of the International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research brings together six selected papers presented at the 6th Nordic Retail and Wholesale Conference (NRWC) h ...

The global distribution of citrus black spot (CBS) disease, caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is climatically constrained, which is evident from its occurrence in citrus growing areas with warm, summer rainfall and its absence from areas with cooler, Mediterranean-type winter rainfall. Various epidemiological and modelling studies have supported this observation, predominantly estimating unsuitability for P. citricarpa in Mediterranean type climates, with no more than marginal suitability estimated at a few localities within some regions with Mediterranean type climates. The study by Martinez-Minaya et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 143, 69–83, 2015), describes an historic sequence of recorded CBS occurrence in parts of South Africa, conducts an autocorrelation analysis and a correlative analysis with Koppen-Geiger climate zones and makes observations about the occurrence of certain Koppen-Geiger climate zones in the European Union. The study suggests that significant portions of the European Union and the broader Mediterranean basin are climatically similar to warm, summer rainfall areas in South Africa where P. citricarpa persists and causes CBS disease and concludes that the potential distribution of P. citricarpa is less constrained by climatic factors than spatial contagion. However, in this critique we expose methodological shortcomings in the Martinez-Minaya et al. (European Journal of Plant Pathology, 143, 69–83, 2015) study and conclude that the study grossly overestimated the extent of the geographical area that could support P. citricarpa, thereby rendering the findings scientifically unreliable.

Using CiteSpace as tool, this paper analyzes CSSCI journal papers published by faculties of Yunnan Normal University (YNNU) from 1998 to 2015 from five aspects (distribution of disciplines, distribution of years, research hotspots, distribution of journals and contributions) and draws conclusions, so as to put forward some suggestions to promote the development of humanities and social sciences research of YNNU, at the same time provide a reference for normal universities and colleges to establish a more objective and fairer humanities and social sciences research evaluation system.

Purpose – European paper industry has been struggling with margins and profitability for more than decade time period. At typical in markets of west, paper product demand is at long-term decline, mostly driven by continuously increasing internet use. However, in emerging markets demand still exists, and in Europe numerous small markets in east have even some growth available. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyse in this research work with longitudinal data (period of 2002-2009) from one large Finnish paper mill and data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, how distribution efficiency to selected eight East European markets has evolved. Findings – In general distribution efficiency has improved, but this has taken place in step-wise manner rather than being linear year-to-year development (year 2006 found to be the threshold). Reason is mostly in better management of transportation costs, and in particular lower monthly deviation of these costs. It is surprising that case paper mill has been able to manage transportation costs in rapidly increasing energy cost environment so efficiently. Maybe European Union enlargement of 2004 and 2007 has had its effects on distribution efficiency. Research limitations/implications – The research is limited to the deliveries of one paper mill located in Finland. Also East European markets in the early periods of this study were emerging papers markets, and distribution practices were clearly evolving. Practical implications – Based on the study East European paper market distribution should give more attention on transportation cost control, and trying to find solutions to minimize it with low monthly fluctuation. Originality/value – Very few studies exist from East European distribution issues, and particularly that of paper industry. Also used quantitative method of DEA is relatively new in this context and gives valuable insights for the distribution efficiency development.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the determinant factors of recycling and in particular of paper recycling. The research focuses on paper recycling behavior on the part of the elderly in the Region of Attica. Primary research was based on the use of layered data. The survey data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires to senior citizens in the municipalities of Egaleo and Chaidari. The questionnaire was distributed by hand in the region’s O.C.C. (Open Care Centers) for the Elderly Staff Members during the period from November 2017 until February 2018 (11/2017-02/2018). The final sample of the survey amounted to 375 participants. Multiple logistic regressions generate useful conclusions, such as whether participants recycle paper or not appear to be linked to the educational level of the elderly. In addition, through the logistic regressions, it appears that intention to recycle affects significantly the behaviour towards, recycling, and the perceived behavioural control as well. Furthermore, including social and demographic data, it appears that the educational level, monthly family income and residential status are factors that affect whether the participants are recycling paper or not.

Climate and other environmental change presents a number of challenges for effective food safety. Food production, distribution and consumption takes place within functioning ecosystems but this backdrop is often ignored or treated as static and unchanging. The risks presented by environmental change include novel pests and diseases, often caused by problem species expanding their spatial distributions as they track changing conditions, toxin generation in crops, direct effects on crop and animal production, consequences for trade networks driven by shifting economic viability of production methods in changing environments and finally, wholesale transformation of ecosystems as they respond to novel climatic regimes.

This is a conceptual paper to study the effects of green marketing strategy on the firms’ performance. The paper aims at presenting the reviews of the literature on the green marketing strategy and analyses the seven factors that will influence the firms’ performance. As green marketing strategy become increasingly more important to firms adhering to a triple-bottom line performance evaluation, the present paper seeks to better understand the role of “green marketing mix” as a marketing strategy. The conclusion that was drawn is that, green product, green price, green distribution, green promotion green people, green process, and green physical evidence have a positive effect on the firms’ performance.

This paper embraces the theme of the 2012 Academy of Marketing Science Annual Conference: Marketing Dynamism & Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same, with a specific focus on the sustainability movement within the apparel and textiles (AT) industry. As part of this paper, sustainability as it pertains to the AT industry is addressed, including both social and environmental issues in the production, distribution, and consumption of apparel and textile goods. The paper also presents previous research findings examining consumers’ knowledge of and attitudes towards these issues, including an analysis of the relationships between knowledge, attitudes, and apparel-purchasing behavior. Finally, the paper notes barriers to sustainable apparel-purchasing behaviors and concludes with a discussion regarding areas for future research.

Scientific impact plays a central role in the evaluation of the output of scholars, departments, and institutions. A widely used measure of scientific impact is citations, with a growing body of literature focused on predicting the number of citations obtained by any given publication. The effectiveness of such predictions, however, is fundamentally limited by the power-law distribution of citations, whereby publications with few citations are extremely common and publications with many citations are relatively rare. Given this limitation, in this work we instead address a related question asked by many academic researchers in the course of writing a paper, namely: "Will this paper increase my h-index?" Using a real academic dataset with over 1.7 million authors, 2 million papers, and 8 million citation relationships from the premier online academic service ArnetMiner, we formalize a novel scientific impact prediction problem to examine several factors that can drive a paper to increase the primary author's h-index. We find that the researcher's authority on the publication topic and the venue in which the paper is published are crucial factors to the increase of the primary author's h-index, while the topic popularity and the co-authors' h-indices are of surprisingly little relevance. By leveraging relevant factors, we find a greater than 87.5% potential predictability for whether a paper will contribute to an author's h-index within five years. As a further experiment, we generate a self-prediction for this paper, estimating that there is a 76% probability that it will contribute to the h-index of the co-author with the highest current h-index in five years. We conclude that our findings on the quantification of scientific impact can help researchers to expand their influence and more effectively leverage their position of "standing on the shoulders of giants.", Proc. of the 8th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM'15)

Predicting promising academic papers is useful for a variety of parties, including researchers, universities, scientific councils, and policymakers. Researchers may benefit from such data to narrow down their reading list and focus on what will be important, and policymakers may use predictions to infer rising fields for a more strategic distribution of resources. This paper proposes a novel technique to predict a paper's future impact (i.e., number of citations) by using temporal and topological features derived from citation networks. We use a behavioral modeling approach in which the temporal change in the number of citations a paper gets is clustered, and new papers are evaluated accordingly. Then, within each cluster, we model the impact prediction as a regression problem where the objective is to predict the number of citations that a paper will get in the near or far future, given the early citation performance of the paper. The results of empirical evaluations on data from several well-known citation databases show that the proposed framework performs significantly better than the state of the art approaches.

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent) is a dioecious tree native to East Asia and mainland Southeast-Asia, introduced prehistorically to Polynesia as a source of bark fiber by Austronesian-speaking voyagers. In Oceania, trees are coppiced and harvested for production of bark-cloth, so flowering is generally unknown. A survey of botanical records of paper mulberry revealed a distributional disjunction: the tree is apparently absent in Borneo and the Philippines. A subsequent study of chloroplast haplotypes linked paper mulberry of Remote Oceania directly to a population in southern Taiwan, distinct from known populations in mainland Southeast-Asia.We describe the optimization and use of a DNA marker designed to identify sex in paper mulberry. We used this marker to determine the sex distribution in selected localities across Asia, Near and Remote Oceania. We also characterized all samples using the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence (ITS) in order to relate results to a previous survey of ITS diversity.In Near and Remote Oceania, contemporary paper mulberry plants are all female with the exception of Hawaii, where plants of both sexes are found. In its natural range in Asia, male and female plants are found, as expected. Male plants in Hawaii display an East Asian ITS genotype, consistent with modern introduction, while females in Remote Oceania share a distinctive variant.Most paper mulberry plants now present in the Pacific appear to be descended from female clones introduced prehistorically. In Hawaii, the presence of male and female plants is thought to reflect a dual origin, one a prehistoric female introduction and the other a modern male introduction by Japanese/Chinese immigrants. If only female clones were dispersed from a source-region in Taiwan, this may explain the absence of botanical records and breeding populations in the Philippines and Borneo, and Remote Oceania.

THE CHALLENGE OF ETHNICITY/RACE/SKIN COLOR AND HEALTH OUTCOMES Despite the consensus that age, sex, parental history, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking and diabetes are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases,1 race, ethnicity or skin color always bring an anthropological debate into biology.2 First, there are different views about the meaning of race according to culture and country. Second, the potential influence of genetic background is blurred by differential distribution of the proportions of formal education and income according to race/ethnicity/skin color. Third, considering that the foundation of racially admixed societies, such as most of the countries in the Americas, was based on subjugation of the indigenous populations and imported slavery of Africans, the presence of racism and discrimination cannot be neglected as one point in the causal pathway of cardiovascular diseases according to race/ethnicity/skin color. Fortunately, the emergence of molecular biology and genomics is opening up a new road towards understanding the influence of race on several diseases. Although the terms “race” and “skin color” are very popular, we will prefer “ethnicity” because it encompasses biology, culture, language and religion, thereby revealing health behavior and beliefs.3

Lakes of the Lower Amur basin are numerous and diverse. Together with the north-west of the Russian Plain and plateau Putorana they consist one of the three main Lake Countries of Russia. The paper concerns their classification and distribution features.

Since food is one of the essential human needs, studies on this topic have always been a global concern. With the advent of COVID-19 and the emergence of many problems in all aspects of the food supply chain (such as production, transportation, distribution), this issue has become doubly important. This paper discusses an MINLP optimization model for handling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic based on the food supply network through Food Hubs (FHs). In this research, the concept of FH has been used for a more effective and faster connection of consumers to production sites. Due to prevention of the spread of coronavirus and the quarantine conditions, the areas have been divided into two parts (high-risk and low-risk) and two scenarios have been defined for this supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to reduce costs and environmental impacts as much as possible. The proposed model is solved by GAMS software for small- and middle-size test problems, and it is solved with genetic optimization algorithm as a meta-heuristic approach for large-size problems. Also, to solve the developed linear multi-objective model, augmented ɛ-constraint approach is applied, and a real case study from Iran is examined to illustrate the validation of the proposed model. Numerical and computational results are provided to prove the efficiency and feasibility of the presented model. Finally, sensitivity analysis is presented to evaluate the effect of changing some parameters on variables and objective functions.

Preliminary. Research products in the form of scientific papers (KTI) at the Research Center for Geotechnology-LIPI continue to grow in quality and quantity, so it is necessary to analyze and study the scientific works to reveal the extent to which KTI is contributing to the Research Center for Geotechnology. Research methods. The research method used is descriptive with the bibliometric approach. Data collection was obtained from annual reports from 2010-2018. Analysis data. The data that has been collected is then analyzed descriptively using Ms. Excel software to facilitate the distribution and visualization of data. Results and Discussion. The results of this study note that KTI published by researchers at the Research Center for Geotechnology is scattered in various national/international journals, national/international proceedings, and books/potpourri. The highest KTI issued was national proceedings, totaling 343 titles. The second position is occupied by international journals with 182 titles. Third, there are 104 national journals. The last international proceedings with 92 titles and 67 books. Indonesian is the most widely used language, as many as 542 articles and male gender dominates as many as 1946 researchers. While the year in which there was one highest type of scientific papers published was 2014 with 63 national proceedings. Conclusions and recommendations. This research has described the distribution of KTI Center for Geotechnology, where KTI is the most dominant national proceeding and the least possible international journal due to the level of difficulty.

The expansion of agro-dealers into remote areas can be seen as conducive to more smallholders adopting new technologies and inputs, to include improved seed and fertilizer. However, lower travel costs may be offset by agro-dealer decisions on stocking and pricing, reflecting both travel time from wholesale markets as well as the level of competition in localized areas. This paper investigates the geographical distribution of agro-dealers and related patterns of local market competition on the availability and prices of maize seed and fertilizer. We use a unique census of agro-dealers in eight districts of Tanzania (n = 299) which maps distribution points for agricultural inputs in these areas. Results suggested that despite a high number of agro-dealers, almost 30% of farmers lived more than an hour travel time from at least one agro-dealer. Instead of wide geographical coverage, agro-dealers tended to be found in clusters, with strong variation in cluster sizes between different districts. Overall, more remote agro-dealers faced less competition, resulting in fewer stocked product choices and charging higher prices to customers, even after controlling for travel time from district headquarters. Remote farmers are disadvantaged in their uptake of new technologies and critical production inputs due to lack of competition among agro-dealers. Our results suggest that highly aggregated and/or simplified measures of market access fail to reflect important heterogeneity in the market access conditions faced by farmers; a better understanding of distribution networks and competition is needed.