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Although name, image, and likeness policy officially changed on July 1, 2021, actions leading up to this policy modification provide insight into the desires and perspectives of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Feeling pressure from individual states and federal legislators, the NCAA engaged in discussion regarding name, image, and likeness in Fall of 2019. In response to newly introduced name, image, and likeness policy changes, the NCAA listed their official statements on the Taking Actions: Name, Image and Likeness webpage. These statements (n = 10) were analyzed using critical discourse analysis methodology underpinned with a Foucaultian perspective. Using critical discourse analysis, we extrapolated three overarching themes related to power dynamics: (a) Establishing Control While Undercutting Oppositional Power, (b) Power Shifts Away from NCAA, and (c) Power Reinforcement. We conclude by discussing the importance of examining discourse within organizations and implications for policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes to incorporate text mining into critical discourse analysis (CDA) to give a corpus-assisted discourse study of the particular ways of imagining Hong Kong's relations to China in the public speeches of three former Chief Executives in the two decades after its handover. With the computer-assisted text-mining tool KH Coder, this study combines the methods of quantitative text mining and qualitative discourse analysis to examine their preferential ways of imagining China at different levels of discourse: (1) topics/themes, (2) discursive strategies, and (3) linguistic means and realizations. It generates illuminating findings concerning their preferential ways of imagining Hong Kong's relations to China as well as the analytic potential of incorporating text mining into CDA. It is expected that it can lead to more studies towards this endeavour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the intricate interplay among state institutions, belief systems, dominant discourses and alternative spiritual healing practices in Egypt. It scrutinises the challenges encountered by individuals seeking spiritual healing within a societal framework shaped by educational and religious institutions, social norms, media and the law. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates social anthropology, discourse analysis and cultural studies, the research sheds light on the regulations and limitations imposed on individuals by state-generated discourses, compelling adherence to prescribed rules and belief systems. The analysis explores how power hierarchy and dominant institutions, which categorise certain practices as disordered due to their ritualistic nature, are challenged by practitioners persisting in their work and seekers continuing to pursue these services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several shifts in physiotherapy treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have occurred over time. This paper aims to identify shifts in physiotherapy practice for patients with RA based on the author's work experiences from the 1980s until today at two Norwegian rheumatism hospitals, and to explore why shifts may have happened. A narrative was developed by describing events making a difference, categorizing, and ordering them with the help of narrative analysis and a sensitizing analytic lens on discourses. The storyline from the 1980s to approximately the turn of the millennium is called 'Shifts determined mainly by clinical context-driven events' which occurred in response to medical advances and physiotherapists' clinical experiences. These shifts were later justified by physiotherapists' research in the clinical context. The other storyline covers mainly the 2000s and is called 'Shifts increasingly determined by events beyond clinical physiotherapy context.' They include adjustments to further medical advances and implementation of biopsychosocial understanding of disease at the hospital, and to external research-based recommendations, health reforms, and economy. These processes have moved physiotherapy practice at the hospital from mainly providing individualized remedial and rehabilitative physiotherapy for the purpose to normalize physical function to an increasing focus on generic health measures for the purposes of health promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention. However, this shift may not fully match the complex needs presented by patients in disease remission with unrelenting fatigue and work inability and those who have multiple functional challenges and comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I explore how pride as a collective emotion is ontologically bound to the securitisation of energy and put forward an innovative method that engages materiality and discourse in securitisation theory. I examine the case of energy securitisation in Azerbaijan to show that collective pride is anchored to materialisations and reiterative identity discourses that stick to energy sites and align with the nation in ways that fit with the coercive and controlling nature of securitisation. While the existing literature on emotions and securitisation engages with the process of threat construction and focuses on the audience's affective experience, I approach securitisation as threat construction and threat management and locate the affective dimension of the process in a transversal space that considers the affective experience of the audience alongside that of the securitising actor. This article pays considerable attention to methods and introduces an experimental new materialist discourse analysis, which accounts for the material, affective and non-human world exerting an agential force on the texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing integration of culture and politics in the digital age, memes tend to be politicized in academic research. Moving beyond the perspective of politicization, this study examines the depoliticizing potential of meme usage. Drawing on sassy socialist memes on the Chinese internet repackaging propaganda posters and slogans for online conversations, we conducted discourse analysis of these memes and interviews with meme users. We find that memes reappropriating political discourse are not necessarily used for political implications. Rather, their meanings vary in usage contexts that are mostly non-political daily conversations—political discourse in China has been gradually resignified to incorporate diverse non-political meanings in the memetic process of cultural reappropriation. Furthermore, the depoliticizing potential of memes is precisely built upon the politicization of propaganda discourse for mass persuasion. The discursive construction of propaganda and its indoctrination in Chinese society are potentially leading to its own deconstruction in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disfluency is a multifactorial concept that can be linked to several of the language production levels, in both typical and atypical populations. In children, the language system is still developing and few studies have explored disfluency patterns. In typical development (TD), in particular, studies have shown discrepancies according to the language being considered. In neurodevelopmental disorders, such as developmental dyslexia (DD), it is still unclear whether the pattern of disfluency is similar to TD. Aims: To analyse the type of disfluency and their evolution in French children aged 8–12 years. Also to compare the pattern of disfluency in DD and TD, and to test whether disfluencies were correlated with reading difficulties. Methods & Procedures: A total of 25 children with DD and 21 children with TD aged 8–12.6 years produced an autobiographical narrative. Seven types of disfluencies were coded: part‐word repetitions; repetitions of monosyllabic words; other types of repetitions (words and phrases); filled pauses; revisions—substitutions; revisions—additions; and abandoned utterances. We compared the proportion of each disfluency in DD and TD. Spearman correlations were then performed between disfluencies, reading performance and age. Outcomes & Results: The results showed that both DD and TD children mainly produced filled pauses, repetitions of monosyllabic words and substitutions. Both groups displayed a high rate of disfluency (> 10%). No correlations with age were found. Correlations with reading performance were significant in the TD group only. Conclusions & Implications: The study showed that DD is not characterized by a specific pattern of disfluency. Additionally, disfluency rates were similar in children aged 8–12 years. In contrast to other languages, the current study suggests that French‐speaking children have a high rate of disfluency. The study also suggests that disfluency should be interpreted with caution in DD, given that TD children also have a high rate of disfluency. Therefore, it seems important to adapt the pathological threshold of disfluency to the language being spoken in order to avoid an overestimation of the prevalence of these deficits in French‐speaking children. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: TD children produce a high rate of disfluency, which is also influenced by the language being spoken. No study looked at the effect of DD on disfluency production. Nonetheless, problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience may impact lexical development and speech fluency. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge: In our study, both groups (French‐speaking children) produced a substantial amount of disfluency as compared with other languages (> 10%). Additionally, the pattern of disfluency was similar in TD and DD (namely, filled pauses, prolongations repetitions of monosyllabic words and substitutions). In the DD group, disfluency production was not correlated with reading performance. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: These results indicate that it is crucial to consider the language being spoken when examining disfluency in order to avoid an overestimation of language difficulties in some languages, such as in French. Moreover, the production of disfluencies in DD should not be considered as language dysfunction since the pattern of disfluency what quite similar in TD and DD, and did not correlate with their reading difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do far-right actors and issues structure public debates and become mainstream over time? Previous research has shown that far-right actors are central actors in political conflicts in Western Europe, partly due to their dominance in struggles on cultural issues. The entrenchment of the far right substantially depends on their networks and public visibility. However, we still lack a long-term understanding of public debates about far-right actors and their discursive interconnections across issues. In this paper, we deliver the first longitudinal analysis of the evolution and structure of far-right discourse networks and the diffusion of far-right ideas in public debates since the 1990s. Methodologically, this paper innovates by combining discourse network analysis with automated text analysis to investigate how the relations between far-right actors and issues are represented in mass media. We analyze more than 500,000 newspaper articles in six different mass media outlets in Germany. The results show that far-right actors have gained more public visibility since the 1990s. The study demonstrates that the mass media debates have introduced and amplified cultural issues "owned" by the far right. Far-right discourse networks in mass media have grown, discursive interactions have intensified and discourse networks have become more centralized. Our results indicate that the discursive mainstreaming of the far right evolved in the context of the "refugee crisis" in 2015, and was linked to the AfD's institutional access. Overall, the study aids in developing a better understanding of the success of the far right and the crucial role of public debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Amazon is a complex object of policy that comprises environmental, economic, social, and sovereignty concerns. Despite this complexity, governments are often portrayed as having a single understanding of the region as a political problem. In this article, we investigate how the Amazon has been constructed as a problem in 6240 Brazilian presidential speeches since 1985 using supervised machine learning. Conceptually, we develop a framework that accounts for how important transnational actors, such as presidents, construct objects of policy as particular problems depending on where and when they participate in politics. Empirically, we find that presidents often construct the Amazon as an environmental problem when speaking far away from the region, whereas they usually construct it as problems of economic integration or social development when speaking within in the Amazon. Furthermore, presidents increasingly mix problem-constructions to represent the Amazon as a complex and multifaceted object of policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses concepts from Lacanian discourse analysis to examine the rise and fall of Liz Truss, and to draw conclusions about the nature and resilience of neoliberalism. I begin by outlining Lacan's theory of the four discourses in relation to neoliberalism, distinguishing a 'neoliberal master discourse' comprising soaring rhetoric about freedom and prosperity, from a 'neoliberal university discourse' grounded in economic science. I argue Liz Truss represented an unusually pure form of the neoliberal master discourse, prioritising notions of freedom and prosperity over the more pragmatic focus on austerity and market discipline. However, when Truss' discourse failed it led not to the repudiation of neoliberalism, but rather to the return of a neoliberal university discourse of austerity developed by Rishi Sunak and Jeremy Hunt. I conclude that the relationship between the neoliberal master and university discourses is crucial to understanding the ongoing discursive resilience of neoliberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes Bernardo Vega's September 1962 campaign speech delivered in Caguas, Puerto Rico, to assess its potential to perform a decolonizing function. Vega was one of the top leaders of the Movimiento Pro Independencia (MPI) in Puerto Rico. This speech was one of several he made during a recruitment campaign for the MPI. The speech offers a window into the rhetorical style of independentistas in Puerto Rico. A discourse analysis of the speech provides a means to evaluate its potential to produce a decolonizing function, understood as a disposition to engage in anti-colonial political behavior. The paper finds that Vega's speech act failed to meet the conditions that might have made it a decolonizing tool because of its structure and, most importantly, due to a fundamental incongruence between text and context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer of the head and neck is a confronting condition, as the disease and its treatments alter the appearance and function of body organs associated with physical appearance and identity. Many of the risk factors for head and neck cancers, including tobacco, alcohol, and human papilloma virus, can also have significant negative social and moral permutations. Language and action (discourse) plays an important role in constructing disease and illness and shape the way it is managed, both institutionally and socially. This research used a critical constructionist lens to investigate how the common discourses surrounding head and neck cancer are constructed within the healthcare context and how this influences patients and healthcare professionals' responses to the illness. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field noting, journaling and literature reviews. Analysis was guided by a three-dimensional approach to critical discourse analysis that investigated text, discursive practices, and social context. The overarching finding was that deviance dominates the common discourse and shapes head and neck cancer and responses to it. Deviance is channelled through metaphors, adjectives, descriptors, and collective nouns and is made overt through labelling, avoidance, blaming, shame, and categorization. Discourse is contextualized by a sociocultural understanding that when someone deviates from what is perceived as normal, they are devalued. Open dialogue and reflection on head and neck cancer discourse could enable better understanding of how people experience their condition and inform more supportive responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prompted by the increasing public focus on environmental policy and the continuous inability of States to reach environmental targets agreed upon in the context of the United Nations and the European Union, we explore the development of discourses within the Danish public agenda regarding nature management 2016–2021. This is done through a mixed-methods framework of discourse analysis and structural topic modeling based on documents from the Danish Parliament's Environmental committee 2016–2021, estimating topic prevalence, and analyzing the discourses within each topic, resulting in a qualitative overview of 21 identified topics and their associated discourses and an overview of how the different topic proportions changed over time. A shift in the public agenda was found: a change from discussions about untouched forest focused on trade-offs between timber extraction and biodiversity, to a discussion about different understandings of animal welfare in the context of large grazers in nature national parks in Denmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the narrative structure of the #PantamiMustGo hashtag activism in Nigeria. Applying qualitative textual analysis, the study examines the issues that were made salient in the protests and how they were constructed. Through the analysis of narrative agency, the study finds that activists constructed Ali Pantami as a threat to national security and called for his resignation. Two discourse structures were salient in the discursive construction of Ali Pantami and the Buhari government, namely the use of comparison to link the past with the present and the use of labelling as means of constructing social and political insecurity in Nigeria. This study contributes to stressing the role of social media in political activism through narrative agency analysis in the process of negotiating change by people who feel threatened by the apparatus of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse analysis encompasses a variety of disciplinary approaches that broadly aim to understand how individuals and groups use language to construct and maintain their psychological and social realities. A central concept in discourse analysis is we all use discourse to accomplish our communication goals despite being unaware of most discourses we evoke. While discourse studies could help counseling professionals to better understand how they deploy discourses to maintain identities, inequalities, and status quo, the method is not well-represented in counseling research in the United States. This methodological guide presents an introduction to discourse analysis and an overview of the analytic framework, highlighting discourse studies conducted germane to counseling research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general discourse in health and social care policy purports digital technology as necessary to meet growing demands for long-term care and health care as a result of an ageing population. This needs critical investigation since public policy influences people's health and wellbeing. This study aims to interrogate critically what we call the 'digital technology solution' discourse in local Swedish health and social care policies. The main concern of our analysis is the discursive constructions of older people and their informal carers and how the concept of health is constructed. A discourse analysis was conducted of 61 local policy documents using the 'What's the Problem Represented to Be' method. Our analysis revealed that so-called 'e-health strategies' were rarely concerned with health. Health was often referred to as an activity and seen as a means to achieve independence among older people. The norm advocated independence, with the responsibility placed upon the older person, supported by digital technology. Informal carers were constructed as a resource within an older person's environment and largely taken for granted. We argue that the digital solution discourse ignores older people's agency and capacities as contributors to society, not least with regards to being providers of informal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated how food bloggers produce discourses about well-being and their relationship with food. The research question set for this research is: How does well-being appear in the food bloggers' discourses of their relationship with food? Two data sets were obtained: The first data collection comprised 16 bloggers (10 women and six men), who had written food blog articles in November 2017. The second data set included an email survey among the food bloggers (N=19). The data were analyzed using the discourse analysis method based on the PERMA theory. The findings showed how multidimensional a picture of well-being can be achieved when analyzing food-related discourses. More research is needed to understand further the educational uses of wellbeing-related discourses in social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Impaired discourse production is commonly reported for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Discourse deficits can negatively impact community integration, return to employment and quality of life. COVID‐19 restrictions have reduced in‐person assessment services for people with communication impairments. Advances in telehealth may help speech and language therapists (SLTs) to assess monologic discourse more systematically and improve access to services for patients who may find it difficult to attend in‐person. Aims: To examine the feasibility of telehealth administration of narrative and procedural discourse tasks with individuals with TBI and matched controls. Methods & Procedures: A total of 20 individuals with TBI and 20 healthy controls, aged 18–55 years, were directly recruited from the UK and indirectly recruited from the US. For participants with TBI, time post‐injury was at least 3 months with no diagnosis of aphasia. Control participants were matched for sex and as closely as possible for age. Feasibility of measures was based upon the time to administer both narrative tasks, the report of any technological problems, and participant feed. Discourse samples were transcribed verbatim and analysed using story grammar analysis (for narrative discourse) and identification of propositions (for procedural discourse). Interrater reliability was calculated using percentage agreement for 50% of the data. Non‐parametric analyses were used to analyse the performance of the two groups. Outcomes & Results: Narrative and procedural discourse samples were collected via telehealth in approximately 10 min with no reported technical difficulties or complaints from any participants. For narrative discourse performance, there were significant differences for the TBI and control groups for measures of complete episodes (p < 0.001) and missing episodes (p = 0.005). No significant group differences were noted for any of the procedural discourse measures. Conclusions & Implications: Results support the feasibility of collecting discourse samples via telehealth. Although the participants' discourse performance distinguished the TBI and control groups on the narrative task, no differences between the groups were noted for the procedural task. The narrative discourse task may have been more difficult than the procedural task, or video cue support reduced the cognitive load of the procedural task. This finding suggests the use of more complex procedural tasks without video cue support may be needed. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: Although little research has explored the feasibility of administering discourse assessments for individuals with TBI via telehealth, some studies have found that discourse interventions can be feasibly administered via telehealth. It is also well established that individuals with TBI struggle with the supra‐structural and macro‐linguistic elements of discourse production. Both procedural and narrative discourse tasks have been found to differentiate individuals with TBI from healthy controls. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: Few studies have investigated the feasibility of, and procedures for, administering discourse tasks via telehealth. Additionally, the inclusion of multiple types of discourse tasks to parse cognitive–communication abilities is lacking in the current literature. Findings from this study support that narrative and procedural discourse can be feasibly sampled via telehealth and that international collaboration for research on this topic can facilitate such studies. Individuals with TBI performed more poorly on three measures of narrative discourse. No differences between groups were identified for the procedural task. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: Telehealth assessment for discourse provides flexibility for both the individual with TBI and the speech–language therapist and does not compromise the quality of data collected. The administration of discourse tasks and collection of data was not time‐consuming and was well accepted by the study participants. Additionally, international research collaboration not only expands potential participation in research but increases the opportunity to recruit and study more diverse groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored 'cultural diversity' in urban schools in Portugal by conducting discourse analysis on interviews with school practitioners. Findings show that 'cultural diversity' was dominantly anchored in Othering 'foreigners' that mainly associated 'non-native speakers' to difficulties in integration, participation and teachers'pedagogical work. However, contradicting discourses somewhat resisted Othering by highlighting meaningful differences, all students' rights, and calling for pedagogical changes. By showing the ambivalences in how students, teachers and pedagogical relationships are viewed, we both alert for an exclusionary conceptualization of 'cultural diversity', and question Othering as a fundamentalizing discourse to fully govern 'cultural diversity' in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union has made the development of a circular economy one of the central ambitions of its Green Deal, in which plastics are a defined priority. Current policies, however, have drawn criticism that the narrow focus on techno-innovation opportunities and economic growth falls short of addressing multifaceted socio-ecological challenges, overlooks trade-offs between proposed solutions, and conceals conflicts of interest among different actors. This paper contributes to opening-up the critical political debate on the circular plastics economy using discourse analysis. Looking at how arguments are framed, which priorities are defined, and how actors take positions, we identify three circular plastics economy discourses in Europe: 'Plastic fantastic' (material-focused), 'Circular economy will fly us to the moon' (plastics economy-focused), and 'Even plastic flowers are dead in this system' (socio-ecological systems-focused). Our paper demonstrates that the circular plastics economy is inherently political and is actively imagined, built, and created through discursive mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 2017 and 2020, the UN Special Rapporteur (SR) Dainius Puras published three reports that called for significant changes to organisation, funding and service provision in mental health care in ways that emphasise inclusive, rights‐oriented, democratic and sustainable community health services. This article aims to examine formal organisational responses to the UN mental health reports and consider the underlying arguments that either support or delegitimise the SR stance on the need for a paradigmatic shift towards a human rights‐based approach to mental health. By combining several different search strategies to identify organisational responses across the web, a total of 13 organisational responses were included in the analysis. Given the political nature of the responses, concepts from discourse theory were used to analyse the responses. The analysis showed how the responses articulated two binary positions and contesting articulations of good mental health care, which formed a backdrop for rejecting the SR reports in defence of psychiatry. The discussion elucidates how the responses tend to resemble previous ways in which critique has been dealt with mainly by 'biological psychiatry', but that the counter‐critical nature of the medical and psychiatric organisational responses remains in contrast to the broader reception within the UN community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents findings from a study on blindness discourses found in South African non-profit organisations that provide rehabilitation services to visually impaired adults. The paper investigates what the public relations materials of these organisations communicate about blindness. It also considers the ideological assumptions that blindness discourses reinforce and embed in rehabilitation practice. The primary focus is a discourse analytic review conducted on a sample of organisation public facing material. The findings comprise three clusters of assumptions, with concomitant enactments in practice. These are i) third-person alliances around the blind subject and a resulting objectification of service users ii) 'journey discourse' which prohibits the expression of complex disability experiences and iii) polarised blindness fantasies which promote othering and prescribe acceptable ways of being for blind subjects. This paper questions what might be imparted to blind persons at a symbolic level through rehabilitative practices. This article explores the ways that blindness and blind persons are represented on the websites of organisations that provide visual impairment rehabilitation services in South Africa. These representations affect the way that society views visually impaired people, and the way that visually impaired people feel about themselves. Organisation websites describe visually impaired people in ways that make it seem as though they play little active role in the rehabilitation process. The idea that rehabilitation is a journey from dependence and depression to independence and self-acceptance might make it difficult for rehabilitation service users to express ongoing feelings of grief and loss. There is a need for more focus on interdependence in rehabilitation services. Rehabilitation organisations must think carefully about what their public relations materials communicate to society about blindness and blind persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on bilingualism and aphasia have identified a similar pattern of verb-noun dissociation in single-word naming (i.e., lower accuracy for verbs than nouns) in both languages. However, whether a similar pattern of verb and noun dissociation emerges in discourse production remains unknown, particularly in typologically dissimilar languages. This study investigated patterns of verb and noun impairment in both single-word naming and discourse production, and whether naming was associated with lexical retrieval in discourse production in Mandarin-English bilingual adults with aphasia (BWA). Twelve Mandarin-English bilinguals with chronic aphasia completed standardized assessments on object and action naming, and three discourse tasks from the AphasiaBank (i.e., sequential pictures, single-picture, storytelling) in both L1 (Mandarin) and L2 (English). Item-level accuracy of object and action naming was fit into a generalized mixed-effects model to estimate single-word naming ability as a function of grammatical category. The proportion of verb and noun production and the number of verbs and nouns per utterance were fit into multivariate linear regression models to assess lexical retrieval in discourse. Finally, another linear regression was performed to examine the association between naming and lexical retrieval in discourse production. The naming accuracy for verbs was lower than for nouns in both L1 and L2. Mandarin-English BWA also demonstrated less production of verbs than nouns in discourse. However, depending on the type of the task, the effect of word category was greater in L2 than in L1. This cross-linguistic difference of the verb-noun dissociation was diminished in individuals with lower aphasia severity. Our results further showed a direct relationship between naming and lexical retrieval in discourse, irrespective of the language. Our findings suggest an overall similar pattern of verb and noun dissociation across different linguistic contexts. However, depending on the cognitive-linguistic demands of the task, the verb-noun dissociation may emerge in L1 and L2 to varying degrees in individuals with different levels of aphasia severity. This study facilitates better understanding of verb and noun retrieval in Mandarin-English BWA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse analyses yield quantitative measures of functional communication in aphasia. However, they are historically underutilized in clinical settings. Confrontation naming assessments are used widely clinically and have been used to estimate discourse-level production. Such work shows that naming accuracy explains moderately high proportions of variance in measures of discourse, but proportions of variance remain unexplained. We propose that the inclusion of circumlocution productions into predictive models will account for a significant amount more of the variance. Circumlocution productions at the naming-level, while they may not contain the target word, are similar to the content that contributes to discourse informativeness and efficiency. Thus, additionally measuring circumlocution may improve our ability to estimate discourse performance and functional communication. This study aimed to test whether, after controlling for naming accuracy, the addition of a measure of circumlocution into predictive models of discourse-level informativeness and efficiency would account for a significant amount more of the variance in these discourse-level outcomes. Naming and discourse data from 43 people with poststroke aphasia were analyzed. Naming data were collected using 120 pictured items and discourse data were collected using two picture description prompts. Data scoring and coding yielded measures of naming accuracy, incorrect response type, communicative informativeness, and efficiency. We used robust hierarchical regression to evaluate study predictions. After controlling for naming accuracy, the inclusion of circumlocution into predictive models accounted for a significant amount more of the variance in both informativeness and efficiency. The subsequent inclusion of other response types, such as real word and nonword errors, did not account for a significant amount more of the variance in either outcome. In addition to naming accuracy, the production of circumlocution during naming assessments may correspond with measures of informativeness and efficiency at the discourse-level. Reducing the burden of estimating patients' functional communication will increase our ability to estimate functional communication using tools that are easy to administer and interpret. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most everyday communication occurs in situations where cognitive and social demands are present. These types of situations may compound language deficits for people with aphasia (PWA). An understanding of the language interference that may occur from cognitive and social demands is an important precursor for assessment and intervention that addresses everyday communication situations. To determine how cognitively and socially demanding conditions affect micro- and macrolinguistic production for people with moderate, mild, or no aphasia during narrative discourse and to compare effects among groups. Thirty participants with mild (n = 9), moderate (n = 9), or no (n = 12) aphasia completed story-retell tasks in three separate conditions: baseline, unresponsive partner, and dual-task. The stories and conditions were pseudorandomly presented for each participant. A secondary analysis investigated lexical, morphosyntactic, and macrolinguistic production. As expected, when compared with baseline, the dual-task condition interfered more with language production than the unresponsive partner condition for all participant groups. Interference on distinct aspects of language production for each participant group, however, was not anticipated. This interference was characterized by significant dual-task costs on (a) macrolinguistic production for participants with moderate aphasia, (b) word productivity and lexical diversity for participants with mild aphasia, and (c) lexical-phonological errors for participants with no aphasia. When compared with baseline, the unresponsive partner led to numerical interference on the same measure and group combinations as the dual-task, but these changes were not statistically significant. Cognitive and social demands have different effects on language depending on the presence and severity of aphasia with cognitive demands impacting discourse-level structures for participants with moderate aphasia, lexical-level structures for participants with mild aphasia, and lexical-phonological errors for participants with no aphasia. Future research should identify how these demands could be integrated with assessment and treatment for PWA to help improve everyday communication participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While language is frequently explored in stroke and focal lesions, complex language disorders in paroxysmal conditions remain relatively underexplored. Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often have an impairment of conversational language manifesting as verbosity and attributable to disruption of cognitive-linguistic networks. The micro- and macrolinguistic underpinnings of this disturbance, and the role of epilepsy and cognitive variables, are yet to be explored. We examined the elicited language output of 16 individuals with TLE and 14 healthy controls under separate monologic discourse tasks: a structured and constrained context, elicited by description of the 'Cookie Theft' picture, and an unstructured, unconstrained context, elicited by description of a 'Typical Day'. We hypothesised that language output in the unstructured context would be characterised by verbosity to a greater extent than language elicited in a structured context. Following transcription and coding, detailed multi-level discourse analysis suggested that a constrained context gives rise to microlinguistic disturbances in individuals with TLE, reducing fluency, with more pauses and fillers. Under an unconstrained context, as anticipated, classical aspects of verbosity emerge in those with TLE, manifesting as longer speaking time, a longer duration of pauses, and a higher proportion of repetitive or redundant statements. Macrolinguistic elements such as coherence and informativeness are widely impacted, particularly disturbing language formulation. Correlations suggest that microlinguistic disturbances are closely linked with the immediate impact of seizures on cognitive-linguistic function, while macrolinguistic disturbances are more broadly impacted by disorder severity and word retrieval deficits. These findings suggest that cognitive-linguistic disturbances in TLE produce vulnerability to different psycholinguistic impairments as a function of differing linguistic challenges imposed by constrained and unconstrained discourse contexts. Where constrained, output fluency is primarily affected, while in an unconstrained context disturbed discourse planning and organisation declares itself. We conclude that these patterns reflect a dynamic linguistic system taking shape under specific contextual conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the effects of power dynamics and hospital organizational structure upon neonatal intensive care nurses' experiences caring for infants and families from a substance‐exposed pregnancy (SEP). Design: This secondary data analysis further investigated the results of a primary study after the original analysis suggested differences in work environments may impact relationship‐building opportunities between nurses and mothers/families. Critical discourse analysis served as both the theoretical lens and analytic technique. Method: Nine (9) nurses from the southeast region of the United States (U.S.) were interviewed in 2019. Fifty‐one (51) stories of caregiving experiences were analysed with a focus on narratives related to organizational structure and care delivery. Results: Study findings revealed nurses experienced challenges providing high‐quality, family‐centered care for patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) affected by substances during pregnancy. Nurses described the central challenge of workload, exacerbated by power imbalances and structural constraints within the hospital's organizational structure. Findings suggest workload issues may endorse stigma by inhibiting opportunities to build relationships. Nurses report manageable workloads can support healthcare teams and recipients of care. Conclusion: The study suggests power imbalances between nurses, families and adjacent healthcare professionals can inhibit the delivery of high‐quality care. Supporting healthcare teams and recipients of care while centering the role of organizational structure is critical. Questions emerged about workload demands impacting the potential production of stigma in clinical environments. Impact: This study examines the intersection of nurses' care experiences and hospital organizational structure. It identifies how the unique needs of caring for infants and families from a SEP increase the complexity of power imbalances and organizational constraints to further increase workload demands. Findings have implications for global healthcare organization leaders who build and maintain the structural integrity of clinical environments and nurse leaders who advocate and guide clinical teams to provide high‐quality care in stressful healthcare environments. Reporting Method: EQUATOR guidelines were followed, using the COREQ checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: NICU nurses were interviewed about their care‐provision experiences. Interviews were analysed in the primary study and the current analysis of secondary data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scholarly literature on Russia's influence in Europe has so far mainly focused on Russia's influence activities, discussed either as 'disinformation' or 'soft power'. Less attention has been paid to understanding the agency of European audiences receptive to Russian narratives. Through discourse analysis of Norwegian media texts (February 2014 – December 2020) where authors or interviewees accepted or were prone to accept Crimea as part of Russia, this paper investigates into the arguments put forward by these constituencies. Why were commentators, representing various political affiliations, willing to accept Crimea as part of Russia, contrary to Norway's official position? The paper shows that the Norwegian commentators used many arguments coinciding with the official Russian ones put forward to legitimize the annexation, arguments informed by political realism, pragmatism, sovereignism and in some cases anti-Americanism. However, they also used arguments structured by the socio-political and historical Norwegian context. Constituencies abroad sharing opinions with official Russia may provide Russia with a certain soft power. In this case, the fact that these dissenting discourses in Norway represent fringes of the debate on the annexation rather than a strong united opposition to Norway's official stand, speaks quite clearly of the limited scope of this soft power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media discourse is the main ideographic system in the world today. Post-Marxist discourse theory, represented by Laclau and Mouffe, argues that media discourse no longer merely conveys information but, more importantly, it has a powerful constructive and representational power over reality. Post-Marxist discourse theory has been gradually applied to social science research, and has also been further developed in the field of communication studies. 'Articulation' is a very significant rhetorical practice in the discursive generation mechanism of image events. The basic idea of articulation is to discover and activate the relationship between things and specific discourses. Many of the image events are disseminated through the deliberate appropriation of a series of established discourses, discovering a hidden interface between the topic and the established discourse, which not only enables the production and recreation of a new discourse, but also gives the event a legitimate discursive underpinning. This article aims to provide a post-Marxist analysis of the media discourse interface that exists in the image event in order to broaden theoretical and methodological horizons and create new perspectives for the study of media discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affirmative sexual subjectivity and agency are fostered by positive understandings of sexual desire and pleasure. Yet, research shows that print media circulate problematic discourses, including constructing women's desire as passive, linked to objectification, or as a form of (postfeminist) empowerment enacted through pleasing men. Developing this work with a specific focus on digital media and the subject positions offered there, a Foucauldian-informed discourse analysis was performed on 75 online articles, identified through a systematic search intending to replicate the information young women are exposed to during everyday internet use. The analysis produced three subject positions: the "Made through the male gaze" woman whose experience of sexual desire was contingent on men's desire; the "Working on it woman" who employed self-help methods to improve her libido and match a socially acceptable male standard; and the "Sexual connoisseur," a postfeminist subject position who is sexually knowledgeable and confident yet still prioritises men's pleasure. The analysis demonstrates a hetero-gendered discursive framework operating within mainstream media accounts, wherein men's sexual agency and desire are prioritised over women's even in apparently sex-positive and feminist-oriented articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermediary organizations' (IOs) involvement in teacher education policies has grown in recent years. Apart from advocating for the introduction of alternative routes into the teaching profession, IOs have facilitated the spread of outcomes-based teacher preparation accountability. While previous studies examined the neoliberal market-based logic of their proposals, less is known about technocracy as a discourse informing teacher education redesign. To address this gap, I use the tools of critical policy and critical discourse analysis to examine how IOs advocated for and participated in the construction of outcomes-based accountability regimes. This analysis captures key elements of technocracy, such as the depoliticization of social issues, scientism, and the dismissal of opposition on which accountability regimes are built. By attending to the assumptions and inherent contradictions of technocratic discourses, I shed light on the ways in which accountability regimes dismiss opposition and seek to refashion governance structures in teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Justice and equity-focused practices in health services play a critical but overlooked role in low back pain (LBP) care. Critical reflexivity – the ability to examine and challenge power relations, and broader social issues embedded in everyday life – can be a useful tool to foster practices that are more socially just. No research has yet explored this approach in back pain health services. This study sought to understand how clinicians construct LBP in relation to broader socio-cultural-political aspects of care and explore if those constructions changed when clinicians engaged with critically reflexive dialogues with researchers. Methods: Using critical discourse analysis methods, this qualitative study explored institutionalised patterns of knowledge in the construction of LBP care. We conducted 22 critically reflexive dialogues with 29 clinicians from two health services in Australia – a private physiotherapy clinic and a public multidisciplinary pain clinic. Results: Our analyses suggested that clinicians and services often constructed LBP care at an individual level. This dominant individualistic discourse constrained consideration of justice-oriented practices in the care of people with LBP. Through dialogues, discursive constructions of LBP care expanded to incorporate systems and health service workplace practices. This expansion fostered more equitable clinical and service practices – such as assisting patients to navigate health care systems, considering patients' socioeconomic circumstances when developing treatment plans, encouraging staff discussion of possible systemic changes to enhance justice, and fostering a more inclusive workplace culture. Although such expansions faced challenges, incorporating broader discourses enabled recommendations to address LBP care inequities. Conclusions: Critical reflexivity can be a tool to foster greater social justice within health services. By expanding constructions of LBP care beyond individuals, critical reflexive dialogues can foster discussion and actions towards more equitable workplace cultures, services and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within reformist and abolitionist discourse on punishment, the articulation of community delimits those who can be considered a part of collective life and those who, having offended collective sentiments, are to be positioned outside the collective. By positing community at a moment of exclusion, this discourse superimposes a villain at the discursive level. This article critiques the punitive implications of delimiting community, most notably: taking for granted the dangerous few and maintaining the tenability of punitive intervention. A discourse analysis of four dominant reformist and abolitionist theorizations reveals an us-them binary across their interpretations of punitive interventions. Our discussion explores the paradox of supposing social cohesion within an exclusionary framework and considers the possibility of imagining a non-punitive discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pronoun ornamentations in the Quranic speech. This study tries to examine the changes of pronouns in the qur'anic speech, relying on the authentic Quranic recites, interpretations and lyrical methodologies. Pronoun ornamentation in this study means to turn to another person during the speech without any sign indicates the turn, with staying in the same pronoun. knowing that if there is a sign of turning to different person or turning the type of the pronoun like "he" to "you" would not be called here a pronoun ornamentation. The study consists of 3 chapters. The first chapter is about ornamentation by turning to another person with staying in pronoun "I". The second chapter is about ornamentation by turning to another person with staying in pronoun "you" The third chapter is about ornamentation by turning to another person with staying in pronoun "He" The study has concluded that a pronoun ornamentation is one of the most visible miracles in the style of the holy Quran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In playing with the concept of 'credibility', this article presents a critical examination of the discourse of evidence and the programming of upbringing in early intervention policy and practice. The truth claims of the evidence discourse in policy are explored through a single complex case study of an early intervention city in Northern Ireland. The framework for the study discussed uses Bourdieu's thinking tools of habitus, capital and field alongside Foucauldian discourse analysis to explore the ways in which early intervention policy and practice impact on children, parents and communities. A key question is to consider how evidence is constructed within the discourse and how this can be considered as a Foucauldian regime of truth. Building from the emerging body of critique around scientism and parenting, the study extends this through a sociopolitical lens to the Northern Ireland context. Despite a strong tradition in Northern Ireland of community-based activism and political transition from direct rule to devolution, early intervention policy and programming have tended towards direct read across from Britain and the USA. The study documents that community-based practice struggles within the policy field for recognition, yet 'home grown' carries significant social capital within and across communities. The dominant policy discourse of the (in)credible 'fiscal prize', transformation through evidence-based interventions contrasts with the backdrop of worsening child poverty in communities. Contrary to the truth claims, this suggests the reproduction rather than transformation of social disadvantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Discourse analysis is one of the clinical methods commonly used to assess the language ability of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the majority of published analytic frameworks are not geared for highlighting the pragmatic aspect of discourse deficits in acquired language disorders, except for those designed for quantifying conversational samples. This study aimed to examine how pragmatic competence is impaired and reflected in spoken monologues in Chinese speakers with TBI. Methods: Discourse samples of five tasks (personal narrative, storytelling, procedural, single- and sequential picture description) were elicited from ten TBI survivors and their controls. Each discourse sample was measured using 16 indices (e.g., number of informative words, percentage of local/global coherence errors, repeated words or phrases) that corresponded to the four Gricean maxims. Twenty-five naïve Chinese speakers were also recruited to perform perceptual rating of the quality of all 50 TBI audio files (five discourse samples per TBI participant), in terms of erroneous/inaccurate information, adequacy of amount of information given, as well as degree of organization and clarity. Results: The maxim of quantity best predicted TBI's pragmatic impairments. Naïve listeners' perception of pragmatics deficits correlated to measures on total and informative words, as well as number and length of terminable units. Clinically, personal narrative and storytelling tasks could better elicit violations in pragmatics. Conclusion: Applying Gricean maxims in monologic oral narratives could capture the hallmark underlying pragmatic problems in TBI. This may help provide an additional approach of clinically assessing social communications in and subsequent management of TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A discourse containing one or more sentences describes daily issues and events for people to communicate their thoughts and opinions. As sentences are normally consist of multiple textsegments, correct understanding of the theme of a discourse should take into consideration of the relations in between text segments. Although sometimes a connective exists in raw texts for conveying relations, it is more often the cases that no connective exists in between two text segments but some implicit relation does exist in between them. The task of implicit discourse relation recognition (IDRR) is to detect implicit relation and classify its sense between two text segments without a connective. Indeed, the IDRR task is important to diverse downstream natural language processing tasks, such as text summarization, machine translation, and so on. This article provides a comprehensive and up-to-date survey for the IDRR task. We first summarize the task definition and data sources widely used in the field. We categorize the main solution approaches for the IDRR task from the viewpoint of its development history. In each solution category, we present and analyze the most representative methods, including their origins, ideas, strengths, and weaknesses. We also present performance comparisons for those solutions experimented on a public corpus with standard data processing procedures. Finally, we discuss future research directions for discourse relation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy lifestyle change improves outcomes in coronary heart disease (CHD), but is rarely sustained. To better understand barriers to lifestyle change, we examined couples' talk of engaging with lifestyle advice after one partner receives a diagnosis of CHD. A longitudinal qualitative design, in which a poststructuralist discourse analysis was performed on 35 interviews, conducted with 22 heterosexual British people in a long term relationship. The interviews occurred over three months after one partner was referred to a cardiac rehabilitation programme designed to support lifestyle change. Couples understood their health as a shared practice underpinned by an ideological framework of healthism, creating a form of 'relational healthism'. Practicing relational healthism was not straightforward because the practices of surveillance, control, and discipline related to healthism often contravened relationship norms of support, acceptance and respect for the other's autonomy. Couples struggled to resolve this tension, dynamically adopting, resisting, and occasionally transforming discourses of health and love in ways that worked for and against engagement in lifestyle change. In foregrounding the discursive and relational contexts of behavioural change engagement, we show the considerable complexity for couples, including costs related to engagement with lifestyle advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the historic gains made by women in the 2018 midterm elections—both as candidates and as newly elected officials—an updated assessment of gender parity in campaign coverage is warranted. The results of an empirical discourse analysis show that despite record numbers of women serving in both the United States House of Representatives and Senate, men as candidates, journalists, and quoted sources dominate the reporting landscape. The results foreground a neglect of women as candidates for office and of women as quoted sources in the discussion of political campaigns, regardless of reporter gender. Women's voices and candidacies do not survive in political reporting, even when the reporter is a woman. These results may be due to both structural biases in the political arena writ large—mirrored by press organizations—and gendered practices in the newsroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the advertising discourses about social commitment in Spanish. Businesses express trough them their values and describe their activity for helping in any social cause, such as environment, sustainable economy, decent jobs, or human rights. These are texts found on company websites and are usually longer than many other types of messages realised by any business. The argumentation is not aimed directly at sales, but at improving the public image of the company itself. This image-work in turn serves as an argument for users to trust the company. Due to this special argumentative activity, this research pursues to identify the main mechanisms of textual construction aimed at this persuasive purpose. To this end, a macrosyntax model is applied. This presupposes the existence of a discourse grammar and defines textual units, categories, and functions from a pragmatic approach. This model allows to explain the main discursive phenomena which create this type of advertising texts, such as a moderate density of information, a low hierarchisation of information, the use of topics, a tendency to express coordination or the abundant use of gerunds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Narrative discourse is central to effective participation in conversations. When discourse is assessed in people with communication disability, structured tasks (e.g., picture descriptions) provide experimental control, while unstructured tasks (e.g., personal narratives) represent more natural communication. Immersive virtual reality (VR) technology may provide a solution by creating standardized experiences for narrative retell, therefore balancing ecological validity and experimental control in discourse assessment. Research is needed to understand how VR immersion affects narrative retell, first for adults with no communication disability, before application with adults with aphasia or related communication disability. Aims: To assess (1) the effects of VR immersion on the linguistic content and structure of narrative retells in a healthy adult population; and (2) whether VR immersion can influence the way a narrative is retold so that the speaker conveys their own experience, rather than the experience of the characters they are watching. Methods & Procedures: In this pilot cohort study, 13 healthy adult participants with no reported communication disability watched an animated short film and a comparable immersive VR short film in a randomized order. Participants were asked to retell the events of the story after each condition in as much detail as possible. Outcomes & Results: Mean length of utterance (in morphemes) was significantly higher in the video condition compared with the VR condition. Significantly more first‐person pronouns were used in the VR condition compared with the video condition. No other measures of linguistic content or structure were significantly different between the VR and video conditions. Conclusions & Implications: Increased morpho‐syntactic length and complexity in the video condition may suggest effects of elicitation stimulus on the narrative produced. The larger number of first‐person pronouns in the VR condition may reflect that participants experienced a sense of presence in the virtual environment, and therefore were able to retell their communication experience rather than narrating the experiences of characters from an external perspective. Given the increasing need for more functional assessment of discourse in people with communication disability, further research is needed to validate these findings. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: As an ecologically valid tool, discourse analysis is often used to assess daily communicative exchanges in adults with acquired communication disability. Clinicians and researchers using narrative discourse assessment must balance the experimental control and diagnostic reference sample capabilities of structured tasks with the ecological validity and real‐life transferability of unstructured personal narratives. What this study adds to existing knowledge: This study explores the use of immersive VR technologies to create standardized, replicable, immersive experiences as a foundation for narrative discourse assessment. It highlights how the 'sense of presence' in a virtual world can prompt healthy adult speakers to retell a narrative of a personal experience that can be replicated for many different participants. The results suggest that immersive VR narrative assessment for adults with communication disability may balance ecological validity with measurement reliability in discourse assessment. What are the potential or actual clinical observations of this work?: Immersion in VR resulted in the production of narratives with morpho‐syntactic features that aligned with typical narrative generation, rather than retell. Participants used more first‐person pronouns, suggesting retelling of personal experience. Though further study is needed, these preliminary findings suggest clinicians can use immersive VR stimuli to generate structured story generations that balance experimental and diagnostic control with ecological validity in narrative discourse assessment for adults with communication disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with anomic aphasia experience difficulties in narrative processing. General discourse measures are time consuming and require necessary skills. Core lexicon analysis has been proposed as an effort‐saving approach but has not been developed in Mandarin discourse. Aims: This exploratory study was aimed (1) to apply core lexicon analysis in Mandarin patients with anomic aphasia at the discourse level and (2) to verify the problems with core words among people with anomic aphasia. Methods & Procedure: The core nouns and verbs were extracted from narrative language samples from 88 healthy participants. The production of core words for 12 anomic aphasia and 12 age‐ and education‐matched controls were then calculated and compared. The correlation between the percentages and the Aphasia Quotients of the revised Western Aphasia Battery was analyzed as well. Outcomes & Results: The core nouns and verbs were successfully extracted. Patients with anomic aphasia produced fewer core words than healthy people, and the percentages differed significantly in different tasks as well as word classes. There was no correlation between the core lexicon use and the severity of aphasia in patients with anomic aphasia. Conclusions & Implications: Core lexicon analysis may potentially serve as a clinician‐friendly manner of quantifying core words produced at the discourse level in Mandarin patients with anomic aphasia. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: Discourse analyses in aphasia assessment and treatment have increasingly garnered attention. Core lexicon analysis based on English AphasiaBank has been reported in recent years. It is correlated with microlinguistic and macrolinguistic measures in aphasia narratives. Nevertheless, the application based on Mandarin AphasiaBank is still under development in healthy individuals and patients with anomic aphasia. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: A Mandarin core lexicon set was developed for different tasks. The feasibility of core lexicon analysis to evaluate the corpus of patients with anomic aphasia was preliminarily discussed and the speech performance of patients and healthy people was then compared to provide a reference for the evaluation and treatment of clinical aphasia corpus. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: The purpose of this exploratory study was to consider the potential use of core lexicon analysis to evaluate core word production in narrative discourse. Moreover, normative and aphasia data were provided for comparison to develop clinical use for Mandarin patients with anomic aphasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typographic mimicry is the wrapping of writing in a "foreign dress," i.e. the use of typefaces in which one's script (e.g. Latin) is made to visually resemble a different script (e.g. Chinese) with the goal of evoking associations with a "foreign" culture. First, this paper addresses the formal aspects of this practice, specifically the choice of visual features to be mimicked. The core part then focuses on typographic mimicry as a social practice and includes a discussion of both the typographic knowledge that different actors – both lay and expert producers and recipients – must apply to establish and recognise the associated cultural indexicality and the typographic ideologies (i.e. beliefs and attitudes) these actors hold. The central question being investigated is how typographic mimicry is discursively negotiated. An exemplary metapragmatic discourse analysis of online reactions to a food ad and comments to two articles covering the topic catered at readers with different knowledge backgrounds highlights that typographic mimicry is not a "neutral" practice. It shows that central aspects being debated are the (re)appropriation of cultural stereotypes by users both outside and within the respective cultures and the related question of whether using typographic mimicry is generally (in)appropriate (or even racist). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article questions why violence carried out by men toward their female romantic partners remains so prevalent today by examining how it has been understood and talked about over time. The aim here is twofold: the first is to historically map the changes in how male partner violence has been addressed in society—and to what effect. The second is to examine subtle dynamics within this historical map in order to suggest how language could be used to destabilize its fixture in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political leaders of pariah authoritarian states communicate their political discourse unilaterally, in a closed environment without free and open media access or the space for public scrutiny or debate. They use their speeches for various aims such as to respond to external shocks, justify hardship, appeal to domestic and international sympathy, assert autonomy and power, and influence policy and governance. This research uses Iran as a case study and offers an in‐depth analysis of 10 years of speeches by the country's Supreme Leader. In a case study of unilateral political communication method in an authoritarian environment, it sheds light on various aspects of the discourse generated by the country's Supreme Leader over a decade. It also analyzes the Leader's effort to influence policymaking and governance structure through practical official guidelines. Building upon existing theories of populism, the study seeks to unpack an understudied approach in populist politics that is based on a political discourse by the leadership which defines the populist dichotomy of people versus elite at the global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated government initiatives have become a common approach following the institutional fragmentation of New Public Management reforms. Complex societal issues require equally complex solutions, which sectorial units of government cannot attend to alone. However, integrated policy initiatives are prone to a range of obstacles. Using a study of policymaking aimed at homelessness in Norway as a case, this paper discusses how sectorial-shared knowledge creates barriers to a common view of policy problems and solutions. Engaging theories of governmental fragmentation, coordination, discourse, and epistemic cultures enable an exploration of how the involved policy sectors understand and address homelessness. The findings indicate that all policy sectors seem to recognise their responsibility within a social welfare frame, but despite having cooperated for several years, embeddedness in sectorial discourse and epistemic culture causes differing problem definitions. Established terms and categories within homelessness policies are filled with content according to epistemic embeddedness, thereby contributing to obscure the differences, rather than integrate the policy initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work attempts to examine the relationship between grammar and discourse. (i) First, it compares Warrongo (an ergative language that has antipassives and an S/O pivot) and English (an accusative language that has passives and an S/A pivot). Despite these polar opposite morphosyntactic characteristics, Warrongo and English behave almost in the same way in discourse – in terms of new mentions, lexical mentions and topic continuity. There are, however, two differences in discourse. First, Warrongo antipassives and S/O pivot have much higher functional loads than English passives and S/A pivot. Second, Warrongo antipassives have a use that English passives do not have. (ii) Then, the present work shows that grammar and discourse are not independent of each other and that they share one principle. The hierarchy of "O > S > A" is attested in grammar and discourse crosslinguistically and irrespective of the morphosyntactic types of the languages concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General consensus exists between clinicians as to the incorporation of discourse outcome measures into language assessment for persons with aphasia (PWA). The development of core lexicon measures (CoreLex) has enabled clinicians to reduce time and labor intensive preparatory work for discourse analysis, which has been considered as an alternative measure to quantify word retrieval ability in discourse in a clinical context. Although previous studies have investigated the quality of the measure, CoreLex has rarely been longitudinally explored. We aimed to investigate the adequacy of CoreLex to document linguistic changes in PWA over time. Specifically, we examined (1) whether natural language recovery from acute to chronic stages is manifested differentially by tasks and (2) the extent to which the ability to retrieve words in isolation predicts the ability to retrieve words in context. A total of 19 PWA participated in the study. They completed a language assessment including confrontation naming tasks (Boston Naming Test [BNT] and Hopkins Action Naming Assessment [HANA]) and a picture description task using the Cookie Theft picture at acute and chronic stages. Discourse samples from the picture description task were quantified using CoreLex. We found significant differences across tasks and time-points by PWA. Moderate correlations between the confrontation naming tasks and CoreLex were found at the acute stage but not at the chronic stage. Additionally, McNemar's tests demonstrated a significant difference in PWA's performance in CoreLex from the acute to the chronic stages. Our findings show that performance by PWA improves over time on all tasks, but language gains are manifested differentially by tasks. Performance in confrontation naming moderately predicts word retrieval in context acutely. However, lack of correlations between confrontation naming tasks and CoreLex later endorse inadequacy of using confrontation naming tasks as a proxy measure for discourse-level performance and improvement for PWA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have studied how women's domestic and transnational civil society activism addresses the gendered nature of transitional justice. In contrast, they have paid scant attention to women's impact on transitional justice policy-making in institutions. We leverage the feminist institutionalist perspective that makes visible gendered norms, rules, and discourses in institutions. Homing in on women's influence in parliaments where women are outnumbered by men and marginalised by adversarial discourse, we develop a conceptualisation of women's discursive agency. Foregrounding discourse in women's ability to drive change, women's agency is enacted through their linguistic communication style and substantive normative positions that constitute micro- and macro-level structures of domination. Quantitative and qualitative discourse analysis is applied to a corpus of parliamentary questions about transitional justice in the Croatian parliament from 2004 to 2020. Our results show that women adopt the adversarial style of questioning, which they use to broaden the scope of entitlements and press for reparations for female and male victims. They overcome constraints posed by partisanship and ideology, while constraints of nationalism are less easily broken. The article advances feminist transitional justice by demonstrating how women's language contributes to dismantling men's policy domination in institutions, with implications for mixed-sex interactions in non-institutional domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]