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This paper analyzes the discourse on migration from the official Twitter accounts of 5 political parties in Spain (PSOE, PP, Podemos, Ciudadanos and Vox), during the so-called «migration crisis» that took place in Ceuta in May 2021. The methodology followed allows us to describe the activity of the different political party accounts, the centrality of the migration issue in them, the topics and discursive strategies contained in the publications and their engagement. The findings of the work carried out point to the existence of a hardening of the political discourse on immigration in the context studied, accompanied by a loss of «political correctness» -characteristic of previous times- to address migration issues, which only alerts us to the normalization of racist hate speech in the network considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the discourse concerning Islam and Muslims by assessing the extreme right-wing party, Vox, on Twitter. In addition, this paper examines the incidence (impact and reactions) of this party on the users of this social network. The objectives of this study are as follows: to identify themes and topics concerning this discourse; to analyze how the discourse is articulated and represented; and to understand the impact of this discourse by measuring the engagement of the most viral publications. To do so, we observed the publications posted by the party via its official account throughout 2022. The research methodology was based on qualitative and quantitative content analysis, and the publications themselves were monitored to ascertain the level of engagement. The results of this study clearly show that Vox created Islamophobic narratives; thus, Islam and Muslims are explicit targets of Vox's hate speech. Their rhetoric referred to security threats and threats to national identity, with the recurrent use of the idea that there is a "danger of Islamization" in Spain. The party uses disinformation and hoaxes, and users respond in a polarized way. The results of this study alert us to the worrying levels of radicalization and the normalization of Islamophobic racist discourse in the examined context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the current framework of rhetorical studies carried out in Spain in the context of the Theory of Literature --although in a necessary and inescapable interdisciplinary relationship with other areas of research around discourse, whether literary or not-- two trends stand out, whose developments start, from our point of view, from the general Rhetoric raised back in the 80s of the last century by Antonio García Berrio within the framework of the so-called Neorhetoric: we refer to cultural Rhetoric and constructivist Rhetoric. Our objective in this paper is to justify the provenance relationship that exists between these both and the former by analyzing their respective theoretical assumptions and practical scopes. In this sense, the connection of cultural Rhetoric and constructivist Rhetoric with the vast theoretical-methodological space of general Rhetoric allows and explains their consideration as parts of a possible Integrated rhetorical theory, which would result from the gradual expansion of the objects of study of general Rhetoric and, consequently, of the disciplines and methods necessarily involved in its description and explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]