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Copyright of Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences is the property of Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global chronic liver disease encompassing a wide spectrum of disorders ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering the strong association between NAFLD and insulin resistance, and the vital role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in IR, we hypothesized that IGF1 gene polymorphism might be associated with NAFLD. Methods A total of 302 subjects, including 149 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 153 controls, were enrolled in this case-control study. All the subjects were genotyped for the rs5742612 polymorphism of the IGF1 gene using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results The distribution of IGF1 rs5742612 genotypes and alleles differed significantly between the cases with NAFLD and controls. The IGF1 rs5742612 CC genotype compared with the TT genotype or the TT+TC genotype occurred more frequently in the cases than the controls and the differences remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors such as age and body mass index (P  = .011, OR = 2.71, 95%CI = 1.16-5.85; and P  = .032, OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.10-5.24, respectively). Conclusion For the first time, this study uncovered that the IGF1 rs5742612 CC genotype compared with the TT genotype or the TT+TC genotype had a 2.71-fold or 2.29-fold increased risk for NAFLD, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences is the property of Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND Currently, it has been demonstrated that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most important disorders of the digestive system and the commixture of regular diet has a significant influence on its incidence, symptoms, and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation, in combination with PPIs(Proton pump inhibitors), on the improvement of GERD symptoms. METHODS In a randomized double blind clinical trial, patients with reflux symptoms, who had obtained Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) score more than 8, were included and all the demographic features were recorded. Then, using upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, all the patientswere divided into two groups as having non-erosive reflux disorder (NERD),or erosive reflux disorder (ERD). At the next step, based on random block statistical method, we divided the two groups into two subgroups; the drug subgroup [treated with PPIs (40 mg pantoprazole/daily), changing life style, and 220 mg zinc capsules daily] and the placebo subgroup [treated with PPIs, changing life style, and placebo]. After 3 months, we analyzed all data and the RDQ questionnaire was filled out for each patient. This project has been registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) and all data were analyzed using SPSS software version 2. RESULTS A total of 140 patients (81 women and 59 men) with mean age of 42.78±11.5 years were included with 70 patients in each group. The most frequent presentations were heart burn (45.7%), and acid regurgitation (39.3%). The RDQ scores decreased after intervention in both drug (p<0.001) and placebo groups (p<0.001), which were statistically significant. But the difference of RDQ scores between the drug group and placebo group was not statistically significant (p=0.086). CONCLUSION Zinc supplementation cannot improve the severity of GERD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is progressing considerably worldwide. Identifying the risk factors of NAFLD is a critical step in preventing its progression. Methods: In November 2022, two independent researchers studied seven databases, including PubMed, ISI/WoS, ProQuest, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar, and reference list of relevant articles, searching studies that assessed NAFLD risk factors in the Iranian adult population. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochran's test and its composition using I² statistics. A random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was applied. Egger's regression test and Trim-and-Fill analysis were used to assess publication bias. Comprehensive Meta-analysis software (version 3) was used for the analyses of the present study. Results: The results of this study showed significant associations between NAFLD with age (n = 15, odds ratio (OR) = 2.12,95% CI: 1.79 - 2.51), body mass index (n = 46, OR= 5.00,95% CI: 3.34 - 7.49), waist circumference (n = 20, OR = 6.37,95% CI: 3.25 -12.48), waist-to-hip ratio (n = 17, OR = 4.72, 95% CI: 3.93 - 5.66), total cholesterol (n = 39, OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.52 - 2.13), high-density lipoprotein (n = 37, OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.44-0.65), low-density lipoprotein (n = 31, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.38 - 2.05), triglyceride (n = 31, OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 2.67-3.87), alanine aminotransferase (n = 26, OR = 4.06,95% CI: 2.94 - 5.62), aspartate aminotransferase (n = 27, OR = 2.16,95% CI: 1.50-3.12), hypertension (n =13, OR = 2.53,95% CI: 2.32 - 2.77), systolic blood pressure (n = 13, OR = 1.83,95% CI: 1.53 - 2.18), diastolic blood pressure (n = 14, OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.48-2.20), fasting blood sugar (n = 31, OR=2.91,95% CI: 2.11-4.01), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (n = 5, OR = 1.92,95% CI: 1.48 - 2.59), diabetes mellitus (n =15, OR = 3.04,95% CI: 2.46-3.75), metabolic syndrome (n = 10, OR = 3.56,95% CI: 2.79 - 4.55), and physical activity (n = 11, OR= 0.32, 95% CI: 0.24-0.43) (P< 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, several factors are significantly associated with NAFLD. However, anthropometric indices had the strongest relationship with NAFLD in the Iranian adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early diagnosis of hepatic lesions can result in more successful treatment. Objectives: The present study aimed to diagnose hepatic space-occupying lesions by sonography in Guilan Cohort Center participants. Methods: In this cross-sectional prospective epidemiological research studies of Iranian adults (PERSIAN) Guilan cohort study (Sowme'eh Sara, Guilan, Iran) conducted in 2014 - 2017, the sample included 960 individuals of both genders, aged 35 - 60 years. A radiologist examined all individuals with sonography to determine hepatic space-occupying lesions. Demographical and clinical characteristics were recorded via a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16). Results: Only 2.3% of the patients were diagnosed with hepatic lesions such as hemangioma, hepatic cysts, and other lesions with frequencies of 1.1%, 0.8%, and 0.4%, respectively. Also, there was a significant relationship between gender and the presence of hepatic lesions (P < 0.05). The frequencies of hepatic lesions were 1.7% and 3.6% in men and women and 1.6%, 2.5%, and 4.4% in the age groups of 35 - 45, 45 - 55, and over 55 years, respectively. Conclusions: Hemangioma was the most common hepatic lesion diagnosed in ultrasonography examinations. Moreover, the only factor influencing the frequency of hepatic lesions was gender, which was found twice more in women than in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]