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Background: Personalised medicine (PM) has been fostered by technological and medical advances, but all stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, citizens and policy makers, should achieve adequate health literacy to promote PM implementation. The "Integrating China in the International Consortium for Personalised Medicine" (IC2PerMed) project, funded by the International Consortium for Personalised Medicine, focuses on this issue by highlighting the need to educate healthcare professionals and empower citizens. Within the aforementioned project, building on a mapping of European and Chinese policies in PM, experts in the field of PM participated in an online workshop and a following two-round Delphi survey, in order to identify the priority areas of intervention for healthcare professionals' education and curricula, engagement and empowerment of citizens and patients., Results: Nine experts completed the survey and reached a consensus on seventeen priorities: seven were related to health professionals' education and curricula, whereas ten on citizen and patients' awareness and empowerment., Conclusion: These priorities emphasized the importance of education and health literacy, multidisciplinary and international collaboration, public trust, and consideration of ethical, legal, and social issues. The present experience highlights the relevance of the involvement of stakeholders in informing decision-makers, developing appropriate national plans, strategies, and policies, and ensuring the adequate implementation of PM in health systems., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

This paper mainly studies the cultivation of applied talents of music majors in colleges and universities based on internet remote technology. By analyzing the definition and development of internet remote technology and discussing the present situation and challenges of cultivating applied talents of music majors in colleges and universities, this paper puts forward a scheme of applying internet remote technology to cultivating applied talents of music majors in colleges and universities. In practice, this paper designs and constructs the distance teaching mode, optimizes the curriculum and teaching mode, and makes case analysis and evaluation. The results show that internet remote technology has obvious advantages in cultivating applied talents of music majors in colleges and universities, which can improve students' learning and learning satisfaction. Finally, this paper discusses the application prospect of internet remote technology in the cultivation of applied talents of music majors in colleges and universities and puts forward prospects and suggestions.

This paper explores the challenges of language and cultural maintenance through education among one immigrant ethnic group, the Uyghurs within Turkey, where the Uyghur population has grown in recent years. Uyghurs are a Turkic-speaking Muslim ethnic minority group of some 10 million people within China, originating from China's northwest Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Data for the paper are based on ethnographic research conducted in Istanbul, where the Uyghur population in Turkey is the largest. The paper illustrates how the local and global environment impact how culture is constructed, and that identity construction and language maintenance projects are not ideologically neutral. It contributes to the understudied link between language, ethnicity, politics, and education by exploring the ways in which the Uyghur community in Istanbul uses non-formal education to maintain and transmit their language and cultural traditions in their host environment.

Cosmopolitanism and nationalism are often presented in binary terms, as standing in opposition to each other, especially with regards to education. In this paper, we establish a framework for studying education policy today through the lens of a concept we have developed: 'cosmopolitan nationalism'. Many education systems around the world are grappling with and simultaneously integrating both cosmopolitan and nationalist elements in policy objectives, curricular content and pedagogic approaches. Through an in-depth analysis of three country examples -- China, the US and Israel -- we outline four different manifestations of education policy that can be explained by employing the analytical lens of cosmopolitan nationalism: (i) the increasing prominence and visibility of the International Baccalaureate within these three public education systems; (ii) reforms of specific curricula elements and pedagogies legitimised with reference to approaches assessed as globally leading through international assessments; (iii) efforts to promote national education systems as international beacons of best practice; (iv) creation of alternative education provisions that are promoted globally for very specific purposes and populations. We argue that, given our heterogeneous sample of case study countries, and careful analysis of these, a cosmopolitan nationalism lens offers important insights into education policy-making today which has the potential to be applied in other contexts.

Information technology is a significant action to promote education informatization. Currently, there are numerous literature studies on information technology education, but existing research lacks a comparative summary of the research status, research hot spots, and research trend of information technology in China and abroad from an overall perspective. Therefore, this paper selected the information technology education literature collected by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) from 2000 to 2021 as the research object and used bibliometrics to analyze the literature characteristics, core forces, research hot spot, and frontier trend of information technology education in China and abroad. The results showed that: (1) The discipline literature of information technology education showed a fluctuating growth trend, in which the growth rate of foreign literature was faster, and the scale of Chinese literature was slightly smaller; Both Chinese and foreign literature involved pedagogy, computer, and other disciplines, with the characteristics of multi-disciplinary integration. (2) The United States was the leading country in this field, followed by China, with the total literature accounting for more than 50%, ranking the leading position in the world; China Audio-Visual Education and Computers & Education were representative journals in China and abroad. (3) Foreign research focused on information technology, education, science, attitude, model, perception, experience, self-efficacy, Internet, etc. China's hotspots included information literacy, computational thinking, curriculum standards, application contexts, teaching models, subject integration, etc. Foreign research focused on both theory and practice, while China focused on the theoretical nature of the subject, but the degree of practice was insufficient. (4) Student participation, technology integration, teaching innovation, Internet +, core literacy, and artificial intelligence (AI) have been popular until now, constituting the discipline frontier in information technology education.

This commentary centers on one of the insightful articles in this Special Issue: "Curriculum Hybridization and Cultural Glocalization: A Scoping Review of International Research on Early Childhood Curriculum in China and Singapore" [EJ1342945], authored by Yang and Li (2022). The commented article provides insights and directions regarding early childhood curriculum policy and practice in China and Singapore. Aligning with Yang and Li's (2022) findings, this commentary further paints a new three-component framework (the foreground, the background, and the middle ground) for understanding and harmonizing the global-local dissonance in the early childhood curriculum landscape. Leveraging both hindsight and foresight, this commentary also provides insights for policy and practice to advance a harmonious early childhood curriculum landscape in China and Singapore as well as in other societies confronted with similar predicaments.

This article illustrates how the dual processes of autobiographical reflection and academic study ("currere") have contributed to my understanding of the spirituality of education. It begins with a short autobiographical account of my experience as a secondary school student which serves as a reference point for the rest of the paper. I then endeavour to untangle the multi-stranded concept of spirituality, based on a synthesis of appropriate literature. From this synthesis, I identify three constructs which, for me, have been most salient in the development of my understanding of the concept of spirituality of education: transcendence, sense of self and attunement. There follows sequential analysis of the how these constructs have contributed to my understanding, together with clarification of the coherence across them.

In this paper, a comparative evaluation of the undergraduate program of Chemical Engineering curriculums of Chinese and Ethiopian universities was performed. The study employed systematic qualitative methods to synthesize the current qualitative researches into an explanatory process. To comprehend the Chemical Engineering curriculum structure in two countries, a survey of courses from each country institution is presented. Since both countries use harmonized chemical engineering curriculum with their respective institution, top university from each country was taken as a representative sample, Tsinghua University (THU) from China and Addis Ababa University (AAU) from Ethiopia. The major aspects in the comparison were the lengths of the programs, measurement of student workload, practical curriculum, and the ratio of general, core, compulsory and non-compulsory courses. At the THU, the minimum length for the undergraduate program is 4 years, whereas at AAU a minimum of 5 years is expected. While general education courses occupy 70% of the total credit in the THU curriculum showing more emphasis on general courses, the AAU curriculum gives more focus to core courses by allocating 70% of its total credit. The THU curriculum proves to be more flexible, offering more elective courses at different stages of the program; the AAU curriculum has provided the chance for a range of specialty streams offering elective courses in the final year of the program. Thus, it is highly appreciable for both countries' universities to optimistically add more courses to their present curriculum based on their socio-economic trait, cultural backgrounds, national demands, and resource availabilities.

To reclaim Indigenous epistemologies and Indigenous ways of producing knowledge (e.g., Shahjahan, 2005b; Smith, 2013), I use a series of vignettes, short biographical reflections, photographic narratives, poetry, journal entries, and memoir to explore what curriculum as embodied lived experiences (e.g., Au et al., 2016; Gonzales, 2015; He, 2003) might look like for transnational Indigenous peoples. Specifically, I use multimedia storytelling to share my lived experiences as an Uyghur woman as well as my process of healing my wounds through story medicines (K. Anderson, 2011). While my lived experiences are the sources of my theorizing in this article, these stories are not mine alone. I suspect my feelings will resonate with others who share similar political challenges to mine, and join the conversation of what it means to be an Uyghur in the current global landscape. This article constitutes a reflection on an emerging transnational curriculum of Uyghurness through an arts-based inquiry. The practices of curating the fragments of multimedia life-writing activities that shape this transnational curriculum have helped me better understand what education can be for the local Uyghur people and Uyghurs in the diaspora who have been, who are, and who have yet to (be)come.

It has been controversial whether the matching of learning styles with teaching environment has improved the teaching effects. This paper constructs matching modes by choosing Sternberg's three learning styles (liberal leaning, internal scope and global level) and adopts curriculum comprehensiveness and instructing modes. The research, based on data of off-line teaching collected from 456 college students in China, finds that: (1) direct effect: three learning styles have significant effects on eight dimensions of learners' cognitive information processing (CIP); (2) matching effect: the alignment of learners' liberal leaning and instructing modes has a direct impact on the eight dimensions of learners' CIP; the alignment of learners' global level and curriculum characteristics has a direct impact on the 7 dimensions; the alignment of learners' internal scope and instructing modes have no significant direct impact on the 7 dimensions; and (3) moderating effect of the mandatory use of IT (MUIT): MUIT may restrain or strengthen effects of some matching modes on some dimensions of CIP. The key conclusion is that whether personalized instructing based on learners' characteristics can improve teaching results requires the selection of appropriate matching modes. Not all matching modes have matching effects, and matching effect is influenced by MUIT.

This paper regards the mechanical curriculum teaching as a design problem and uses environment-based design (EBD) method to solve it. First, environment components and their relations of the mechanical curriculum are found out by recursive object model (ROM). Then, conflicts in the teaching process are identified by analysing the above relations. Finally, solutions for solving these conflicts are generated. The proposed method is applied to mechanical manufacturing technology foundation (MMTF) curriculum with 217 students in grade 2016 in China. The solutions used in MMTF include decreasing the mental stress of students, developing more experimental projects, applying real cases and projects, adopting variety of assessments and so on. Compared with the performance of students in grade 2015, the average attendance rate and final scores are both increased, and three of the four achievement values of graduation attributes are risen. The practical example illustrates the EBD method is effective in improving curriculum teaching.

The enrolment of Chinese middle-class children in elite international kindergartens is a big education industry in China. Our paper is situated in the broader sociology of elite schooling which has yet to fully explore how middle and upper middle-class parents are increasingly sending their children to elite international kindergartens. We present a case study from Shenzhen, China with a view to showing how the curriculum and the routine of its practices are used to cultivate the elite child for competitive advantage in the educational rat race in China. The approach of Bourdieusian accumulation of capital theory is used to unravel the categories of capital embedded in the curriculum. We term these 'start-up capital' which has exchange value for students to gain competitive advantage in their application to key primary schools and their onward schooling trajectories in China. Our case study provides a window into how social advantage and class are reproduced as soon as the child sets foot in an elite international kindergarten.

Due to the deteriorating investment environment, many real-estate companies in China have started transferring their business out of the construction industry. This leads to the shrinkage of the design market and also architects' salary. A great number of architects have switched career to maintain the same living quality as before. Meanwhile, architectural education in China is not able to integrate itself with emerging science and technologies, losing possibilities to explore new employment channels for its graduates. There is a huge gap between qualities needed in the current or future labour market and the architectural education in schools. An online survey was conducted to investigate the current state of architects' career shifting, trying to expose the problem mentioned above. In the second part of this paper, education missions from 50 universities are analysed and detailed education curriculums from three top universities are scrutinised. At the end, the education boundary is suggested to be reconstructed from three aspects: integrating the emerging technologies; reducing unnecessary content; and training in self-learning skills.

Industrial design (ID) undergraduate education in China is seen as a new rapidly growing discipline over the past 40 years. China's ID education is not well known in the West due to several barriers: language, the Great Firewall of China which blocks out most of the Western websites and a 12-h time difference. All Chinese ID curriculum and program information are available in Mandarin. The Ministry of Education administers all Chinese design education as well as ID scholarships and faculty exchange grants and its website and documents require translation. The Great Firewall of China blocks 90% of Western websites including Google making it difficult for Western Scholars to access accurate information about the size and shape of the Chinese ID education landscape. China has a historical relationship between the ID schools in China and the United States. Chinese students are studying or alumni of every American ID program. China and USA share similar program types, dual-track admissions for art and design streams, and academic calendars. In this paper, a model was developed to clarify the features of ID undergraduate education in China and USA, and a survey of eight ID schools was processed. Four aspects were comparatively discussed: (1) types of ID education; (2) ranking, evaluation, and certification of ID schools and programs; (3) curriculum, credits, course features, and yearly schedules of schools; and (4) influences coming from the culture and globalization process. Based on the analysis, the similarities and differences in ID undergraduate education between the two countries are discussed. Results show the dual-track modes in China and USA are different. It is mainly reflected in the management and enrollment, curriculum organization, and cultural environment. Implications for the localization, openness, and globalization to ID education are finally discussed together with several directions for future development. The findings are valuable to USA and Chinese ID departments and faculty, researchers, staff and visiting scholars. It is also useful for university administrative units such as registrars, admissions, international offices and exchanges to understand each other.

China's rapidly expanding university system aims to balance quantity and quality through a variety of measures, including internationalization. This paper employs data from a survey of 1264 students from 39 higher education institutions in order to understand students' view on institutional approaches to internationalization. The data show that "the Project 985" universities (elite research universities in China) have used internationalization to sustain two objectives: elite education and innovative research for quality, because there are high levels of agreement on three indicators with internationalization of these universities: student and faculty mobility, internationalizing curriculum and program, and international research collaboration and partnership. In "the Project 211" universities (second-tier research universities), the data show that internationalization activities are highly related to curriculum reforms and faculty mobility. While the other degree-offering universities provide less opportunity for internationalization, the non-degree-offering institutions find their distinct way for institutional internationalization by providing more "international internship" opportunities. Our analysis also indicates that institutional internationalization is disciplinary oriented. In disciplines like law and art, students do not think that many activities are taken for internationalization by their institutions, while such disciplines as economics, management, and education have a higher level of internationalization. The paper will explain these findings in detail.

Although engineering education has played important roles in China's growing power and influence on the world stage, engineering education policy since the Reform and Opening-up in the late 1970s has not been well documented in current English-language scholarship. Informed by historical and sociological studies of education, engineering and engineering education, this paper attempts to address this scholarly gap by relating contemporary Chinese engineering education policy-making to its broader historical, cultural and ideological contexts. Based on analysis of policy documents and reports released by the Chinese government and engineering schools, and drawing on prior scholarship of Chinese (engineering) education policy, this paper employs the concept of "past/forward" as an analytic lens to interpret and understand four major areas of engineering education policy change in contemporary China: institutional reform, disciplines and majors, training objectives, and curriculum reform.

Recent education reform in China reflects the global trend of education policy borrowing from Anglophone countries such as the USA. The reform in China essentially advocates shifting from knowledge reproduction and didacticism to knowledge construction by students through a learner-centredness approach. Aware of the trend of borrowing policy from "Western" countries, some educators in China use the proverb "the West wind has overpowered the East wind" to describe this phenomenon. This paper examines the cultural factors that influence education policy borrowing in China by drawing upon Johnson's metaphors of the "politics of selling" and the "politics of gelling". This paper argues that there exist fundamental cultural differences between Western and Chinese perspectives on the nature and transmission of knowledge that make education policy transfer in China challenging. This paper further proposes that China borrow education policy judiciously by integrating foreign and indigenous sources of knowledge, teaching and learning.

In China, geography education in primary schools (grades 1 to 6) has not been emphasized, although some scholars have done research in this area. In order to deepen the understanding of primary geography education in China, this paper examines its history, current situation, and future trends. The authors used the method of document analysis and review of associated literature, interviews, and a survey instrument to collect data from 55 primary schools. The data suggested that geography education is not significant in primary schooling, the quality of teachers is limited, and geography curriculum resources have not been fully developed.

Synthetic Biology, as an emerging discipline, has gained widespread attention and is developing rapidly, profoundly impacting the fields of life sciences and biotechnology. Concurrently, as emerging engineering education programs take shape, accelerated cultivation of multifaceted innovative talents represents a new mission and imperative for higher education in China. In the context of the flourishing development of Synthetic Biology, East China University of Science and Technology has established a curriculum cluster in Synthetic Biology, focusing on microbiological drug discovery and biomanufacturing. The teaching team initially reviewed the curriculum system related to Synthetic Biology and its upstream and downstream courses. Subsequently, they expanded the core courses in Synthetic Biology, creating a curriculum cluster that encompasses not only the theoretical foundations and cutting-edge technologies but also integrates with related disciplines. Moreover, the curriculum cluster leverages lectures from renowned domestic and international professors in the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and harnesses the rich resources of the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (the "111 plan"), aiming to enhance students' innovation capabilities. With the support of this curriculum cluster and teaching team, undergraduate students actively participate in international Synthetic Biology competitions like international genetic engineering machine competition (iGEM), consistently achieving gold awards. Furthermore, many students have applied for patents and made contributions to research paper publications. This work stands as a valuable exemplar for cultivating multifaceted talents with exceptional innovative capabilities.

Aims: The study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate a measurement scale for identifying and assessing the hidden curriculum in undergraduate nursing education., Background: The hidden curriculum is a general term for educational information that exists outside of the teaching program and mainly affects students' knowledge, emotions, behaviors, beliefs, values and professional ethics. However, a specific instrument to comprehensively define and assess the hidden curriculum in nursing education has not yet been developed in China., Design: A descriptive and explorative study design was used., Methods: We developed the initial scale through a literature review, focus group discussion, Delphi expert consultation and pre-survey. From February to April 2023, the data were collected from a convenient sample of 512 nursing students enrolled in five medical universities in China to conduct exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for validity testing. In addition, reliability analysis was conducted by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability. The nursing students' responses were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale., Results: The Hidden Curriculum Assessment Scale in Nursing Education (HCAS-NE) was formulated, consisting of 4 dimensions and 35 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 66.863 % and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the fit indices values of the scale structure model met the criteria for an ideal level. the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.965, the Guttman split-half was 0.853 and the test-retest reliability was 0.967., Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the Hidden Curriculum Assessment Scale in Nursing Education (HCAS-NE) has ideal reliability and validity, which provides a valid and reliable tool for identifying and assessing the hidden curriculum in nursing education., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Painting is the foundational expression across all art forms and is one of the key creative practices for fostering students' aesthetic ability and creativity within fine arts courses. Collaborative painting in the form of socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) can be recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing creativity in both individual and group work. However, the absence of contextual experiences and collaborative spaces poses challenges for students in cultivating their creativity in painting. Objectives: The present study explores students' creativity, socially shared regulation (SSR) and positive painting behaviours using an SSRL‐based collaborative painting approach in the metaverse (Meta‐CP). Methods: Via a quasi‐experimental design, a total of 40 Chinese students in fifth grade were recruited and were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 20 students utilizing the Meta‐CP approach, while the remaining 20 students followed the conventional SSRL‐based paper‐and‐brush collaborative painting (C‐CP) approach. The Meta‐CP approach not only offers an authentic painting context and a collaborative space but also facilitates the collaborative process through the SSRL framework. The data collection included students' creative tendency, painting works and painting process. Results and Conclusions: The Meta‐CP approach effectively enhances students' creativity concerning adventure, curiosity and imagination, as well as results in the creation of more distinctive and logical artistic works. Furthermore, the approach significantly improved the quality of students' SSR. Additionally, students utilizing the Meta‐CP approach displayed more positive painting behaviours compared with those employing the C‐CP approach. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic:Collaborative painting is an effective strategy for enhancing creativity.Socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) fosters collaborative learning.Students in collaborative painting may lack a contextual and synchronized painting space.The metaverse benefits in terms of contextual experiences and collaborative spaces. What this paper adds:Using an SSRL‐based collaborative painting approach in the metaverse (Meta‐CP) is effective in improving students' creativity.The Meta‐CP approach has the potential to improve students' quality of socially shared regulation (SSR), and positive painting behaviours. Implications for practice and/or policy:The metaverse provides an immersive synchronized painting space for art education to stimulate students' creative potential.The metaverse with proper learning strategies (e.g., SSRL) provides an effective collaborative learning environment for creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this era of global education reform, teacher professional learning (TPL) has emerged as a key factor in efforts to create sustainable school improvement. The same holds in Mainland China where ambitious curriculum reforms have been undertaken since 2000. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of learning-centered leadership (LCL) and teacher trust (TT) in fostering TPL in Chinese schools. More specifically, the authors examined two research questions: (1) What is the nature of the relationship of LCL to TT and professional learning?; and (2) How LCL practices influence TT and professional learning. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed a cross-sectional survey design. The authors collected survey data from 1,259 teachers in 41 primary and secondary schools in three different Chinese provinces. The research employed confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the measurement model and structural equation modeling to examine interactions among the three main variables. Findings: The results affirmed a positive association between LCL and TPL, and highlighted TT as a significant mediator in this relationship. Additional analyses distinguished between the effects of different dimensions of LCL on TT and TPL. Although the results of these analyses were broadly consistent with prior findings reported in the literature, divergent findings also emerged. More specifically, there was a limited use and no significant impact of "leadership modeling" on either TT or professional learning. Research limitations/implications: The authors suggest that this pattern of leadership practice is linked with features of China's institutional cum socio-cultural context. The authors recommend the use of qualitative and mixed methods studies capable of gaining further insight into relationships. Practical implications: These findings in Mainland China reaffirm the efficacy of school-level leadership that builds a safe, trusting but focussed environment for teacher learning in the workplace. This is a potentially significant finding in a society where the use of top-down directives and reliance on legitimate authority by leaders can rob teachers of the motivation and initiative that undergirds sustainable professional learning. The findings, in concert with those of other scholars, suggest that "building trust" represents a useful strategy for principals who seek to establish productive learning environments for their teachers. Originality/value: The value of this study lies in two areas. First, this is one of a growing but still limited set of quantitative empirical studies of school leadership in Mainland China. Second, the study tests the nature of mediation in the relationship between leadership, trust and TPL, a topic of relatively recent vintage in the educational leadership literature.

The article presents the concept of rhetorical agency to understand and analyse the parallel and paradoxical agencies teachers are offered, and limited by, under discourses of globalisation within education. The paper identifies typical arguments, reactions, narratives and metaphors of globalisation. It discusses some of the consequences these have on the premises of teacher agencies locally, nationally and globally. The article raises normative questions on the kind of agencies that are necessary for teachers in an open and glocalised world. It suggests new interpretations of the "bildung" tradition as a constructive rhetorical agency to respond to and balance the needs of local, national and global interest in education.

With the rapid development of globalization, the advanced oral Chinese curriculum becomes more and more important in international education for the foreign students of the senior class in China. Aiming to address the problems in the teaching of oral Chinese curriculum, this paper uses the literature method, comparative analysis method, and survey method to study the advanced oral Chinese teaching mode under the constructivism theory. With the guidance of constructivism theory, this paper concludes and provides three teaching modes including scaffolding mode, interactive mode, and task-based mode by analyzing oral Chinese teaching cases. The construction of the three teaching modes can do more effective functions on the advanced oral Chinese curriculum for the international education teachers to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although researchers and practitioners have discussed the concept of Global Englishes (GE), the degree of GE's influence in the practical use of English is much wider and deeper in the real world than in the field of education. Mainstream ELT practices tend to adhere to native and fixed norms, which are regarded as the central problems in ELT from the perspective of the GE paradigm. Although a GE-oriented pedagogy has been discussed, studies on curriculum in the Chinese ELT context from the GE perspective are relatively rare. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the National English Curriculum (NEC) in China reflects GE-oriented phonology and cultural learning. The study adopted a content analysis in which the NEC statements on phonology and cultural aspects were identified and discussed. After reporting the findings, the paper further discusses some pedagogic implications about curriculum and language teaching from the GE perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the revisions of China's primary, secondary and high school curriculum standards. Employing a word frequency analysis of SDGs‐related keywords across ten disciplines, the study reveals an increasing trend in SDGs integration, particularly in Physical Education and Health, and Biology, but notes a lack of growth in the Arts discipline. Key findings include the widespread presence of SDG3 (Good Health and Well‐being) and SDG11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), with a notable absence of SDG5 (Gender Equality) and SDG12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). This study suggests enhancing SDGs coverage in Arts education, broadening the scope to include underrepresented SDGs and promoting a balanced integration of all SDGs across disciplines. It emphasizes the critical role of Geography Education in addressing global challenges and advocates for interdisciplinary teaching methods. The study highlights the importance of regular assessment in curriculum standards to ensure effective SDGs integration, aiming to align China's educational framework with global developmental objectives for a sustainable future. Education emerges as a potent agent for promoting Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, China's Ministry of Education has established a new department to regulate extracurricular tutoring for the purpose of reducing students' excessive academic burden. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence that academic competitiveness among students is a key driver of the extracurricular tutoring fever. Using the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data, we show that when their competitors attend extracurricular tutoring, students keep up with the actions of competitors, generating the peer effect of extracurricular tutoring. This effect is more pronounced for students with stronger competitive preferences. However, this irrational imitation behavior does not improve students' academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents findings from an investigation of nature-based practices, from the perspectives of 10 academics/educators from six nations. Participants engaged in a focus group exploring the prevalence and inclusion of nature in social work practice and education. While the study focused on individual members' experiences and perspectives, the findings highlight important context-specific factors for including nature within social work to reconnect humans with nature for health, well-being, healing, and justice. An Integrative Environmental Model for social work is proposed to assist future practice and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to its relevance to the history of education, the study of changes in curriculum design also provides insights into changes in educational attitudes. This paper examines the historical evolution of the Changshi curriculum in China's mainland, explains the concept of Changshi and its different understandings in Changshi or general knowledge courses, and then applies the concept to the narration and classification of history. It also includes a brief discussion on related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of excellent nursing professionals is an important guarantee of competent human resources essential to the implementation of the national strategy of Healthy China initiative. In the face of the health needs of the whole life cycle and the nursing development driven by emerging technologies, the training of excellence nursing professionals is confronted with new requirements and challenges. In order to cope with the new demands at home and abroad for the training of high-quality nursing staffs, meet the needs for health services that are based on precision, the whole population, the whole life cycle, and individualized care in the new era, and cultivate outstanding nursing staffs with clinical critical thinking skills, nursing decision-making skills, innovative research and practice ability, whole life cycle nursing knowledge and skills, and the ability to keep pace with the times, we wrote this paper to help clarify the needs and challenges of training excellent nursing staffs in China. Herein, taking "precision nursing of health and disease in the whole life cycle" as the core and utilizing the personnel training principle of emphasizing foundation, strengthening ability, improving quality, and promoting personality, we elaborated on the construction of the training model of excellent nursing staffs and suggested that efforts should be made in the following areas, setting up training objectives with a scientific orientation, setting up in a targeted way the knowledge system and the curriculum system, organizing the teaching mode reform into different types and implement them accordingly, making innovations in instructional methodology, and building up high-level teaching faculties. We explored for a path for training excellent nursing talents, a path that has Chinese characteristics and that can be further developed in a sustainable way, which will lay the foundation for attaining the strategic goal of Healthy China initiative., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objectives: Delayed child skill development is a common phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries. Effective and low-cost strategies suitable for application to less-developed countries are needed. We summarize empirical findings from recent papers that study a replication of the Jamaica Reach Up and Learn home visiting program in China, China REACH, and compare child skill growth profiles in the China Reach Up and Jamaica interventions., Methods: Different interventions often use different measures for assessing early childhood skill development. To estimate the growth of underlying skills across programs, we address the challenge that different programs use different assessments. We use a modified version of the Rasch model to anchor scores on common items to estimate skill development., Results: Language skill growth curves are comparable for both interventions. This pattern is consistent for the treatment and control groups across the interventions. Skill growth curves are not statistically significantly different between China REACH and Jamaican interventions. We find evidence of the importance of early investment., Conclusions: The China REACH intervention significantly improves the development of multiple skills. At the same ages, treatment effect sizes and skill growth curves are comparable across the Jamaica and China REACH interventions, despite differences in scale and cultural settings. The scale of the program is much greater in China than in Jamaica, showing that the Jamaican curriculum can be effectively expanded to larger populations. Annual costs per child are roughly $500 (2015 US dollars)., (Copyright © 2023 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.)

The purpose of the research paper is to emphasize the importance of curriculum alignment with CPEC.The research paper is based secondary data i.e., research papers, reports. The results show that curriculum alignment is utmost importance for the success of the mega project. Further empirical research studies are required to confirm the importance of curriculum refinement according to CPEC requirements. Federal and provincial governments along with Higher Education Commission of Pakistan should chalk out relevant and viable strategies and policies. This paper is focused on the importance of curriculum alignment of universities and vocational centers with CPEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With the continuous change of research contents and methods of intelligence science, its integration with other disciplines is also deepening. The purpose of this paper is to further explore the interdisciplinary research characteristics of intelligence science in theoretical depth and application value. Design/methodology/approach: This paper summarizes and explores in two aspects. The first is a large number of literature review, mainly combined with the historical characteristics of the development of intelligence science researches in China and international comparison. The second is to refine the discipline construction ideas suitable for the development of contemporary intelligence science. Findings: From the perspective of the historical development of discipline relevance, the development characteristics and positioning of intelligence science in China are introduced, with the comparison of many disciplines including information technology, library science, information science, data science, management science and other disciplines. In order to better meet the practical needs of intelligence service in the new era, this paper mainly analyzes the construction method of intelligence science research system and the relocation of intelligence science research content. Originality/value: This paper summarizes the historical characteristics and international comparison of the development of intelligence science in China. It proposes the development characteristics and orientation of intelligence science in China from the perspective of historical development of discipline relevance. It also proposes the discipline construction ideas suitable for the development of contemporary intelligence science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks a deeper understanding of how principals strive for instructional leadership with organisational management strategies in China today. Drawing from 116 interviews of district supervisors and school principals from two regions, we first conduct qualitative analysis to map the dimensions and sub-dimensions of Chinese principal practices inductively, then compare them with extant conceptual frameworks designed to capture instructional leadership, learner-centred leadership, and organisational management. We find that the Chinese principal leadership conception and the Western frameworks converge on important aspects that cover curriculum, instruction, teacher professional development, and school climate. We also find that to reach instructional leadership effectiveness, Chinese school leaders use a distinctive set of management tactics that prioritise building tiered organisational structures, developing teacher leadership, responding to top-down mandates, and leveraging external networks. Our study contributes to the cross-cultural research of school leadership under different and dynamic social, political, and cultural conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the central government enjoys paramount authority in (re)writing national history, and its interpretation is promoted through various channels to shape people's national identity. Over the past two decades, the Chinese government has promoted a nationalistic history to promote a Han‐dominant Chinese identity. This nationalistic approach to Chinese history stands in contrast to China's multicultural society and the government's affirmation of multicultural aims as the core values and future goals of the nation. It was expected that the government would rethink and revise nationalistic history to recognize diverse groups and accommodate their needs in the Xi Jinping era. However, this paper shows that the current government continues to emphasize a version of national history that encourages a nationalistic sentiment and discourse. This approach to Chinese history risks strengthening xenophobic sentiments and behaviour in China, and could become coercive for Chinese people who hold different interpretations or expect a more comprehensive interpretation of national history. I argue that a critical multicultural approach can help develop a more inclusive and balanced national history and identity in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing student motivation to manage their learning process and attain selftransformation in Oral English learning presents a notable challenge. This study emerged from a Role Play Oral English Course (RPOEC) which utilizes English cartoon film clips to enhance primary students' oral English skills through role play, facilitating meaningful language input and output. Implemented in a Chinese context where English language exposure is limited, this qualitative case study, combined with action research, explores how autonomous learning is fostered through RPOEC. The study engaged a Grade Six class of 30 students (25 girls and 5 boys) in northern China, investigating strategies to trigger learners' interests and form their independent learner identities autonomously, empower learners in their educational journey, encourage reflective practices in oral English learning, and involve learners in evaluative processes. Data, collected through a combination of observations, focus group discussions, and document analysis for three months, were thematically analyzed across four intertwined perspectives: situated learning, interactive communication, cooperative learning, and evaluative discussions. The paper posits that the outlined curricular approach can be tailored to educators' needs aiming to cultivate students' oral English skills within a situated, interactive, and collaborative learning environment, pushing learners towards autonomous engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The delivery of targeted family education guidance services is essential for establishing a three-in-one education model that encompasses families, schools, and communities. It is also the key to creating a favorable educational environment that promotes the comprehensive and healthy development of individual students. To gain a comprehensive understanding of family education characteristics and trends in Chinese counties, accurately tap into the educational needs of parents, and effectively identify strengths and weaknesses in family education guidance services, this paper employed a quantitative research method based on a questionnaire survey and interview data from J district of C city after years of continuous monitoring of the quality of family education in the area, aiming to explore these issues and put forward several suggestions for improvement. The results indicate that the family learning environment and atmosphere in the district are generally favorable, while parental educational competence requires further improvement. Parents express a strong desire for interactive, systematic, and fragmented family education guidance from schools. Most parents acknowledge the significance of receiving guidance on family education, yet they are disinclined to actively engage in learning-related activities. While the operational mechanisms of county-level family education guidance services have been continuously improved, there is a need for greater overall coordination. Furthermore, the potential of school-led family education guidance services has yet to be fully tapped, and the scientific and professional standards of such guidance need to be further enhanced. Based on the aforementioned findings, we propose recommendations for improvement. Using J district's effective improvement practices in management, curriculum, and teams as an example, we intend to explore practical ways to promote county-level family education guidance services and provide a valuable reference for the establishment of a comprehensive and effective system to improve such services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Astronomy is considered by many to be a gateway science owing to its ability to inspire curiosity in everyone irrespective of age, culture, or general inclination towards science. Currently, where there is a global push to get more students engaged in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, astronomy provides an invaluable conduit to achieve this shift. This paper highlights the results of a study which has reviewed the presence and extent to which astronomy has been incorporated into the school curriculum of the Organisation for Economic and Cooperative Development (OECD) member countries. In addition, two others strong in astronomy research, China and South Africa, are included together with the International Baccalaureate Diploma science curriculum. A total of 52 curricula from 37 countries were reviewed. The results reveal that astronomy and its related topics are prevalent in at least one grade in all curricula. Of the 52 curricula, 44 of them had astronomy-related topics in grade 6, 40 introduced astronomy-related topics in grade 1, whilst 14 had astronomy-related topics explicitly mentioned in all grades. At all year levels, celestial motion is the dominant content area; however, topics such as stars, physics, cosmology, and planetary science become much more frequent as a proportion towards the higher year levels. The most common keywords employed in the curricula related to basic astronomy concepts were the Earth, Sun, Moon, and stars, all with a high frequency of use. There is hardly any focus on Indigenous Astronomy or the role of prominent women astronomers. Relational textual analysis using Leximancer revealed that all the major concepts could be encompassed within two broad themes: Earth and Physics. Astronomy and Physics are often seen as different domains, with astronomy content being more facts based, than based on concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the world entered the era of network information, the influence of the Internet has been expanding day by day, and today's college students are deeply affected by the network environment, which has also brought unprecedented challenges to the moral education work of colleges and universities. The rule of law education for college students is a key point for the comprehensive implementation of the strategy of governing the country by law. How to enhance the effectiveness and recognition of the rule of law education for college students has become an important task of higher education. Therefore, strengthening the legal education of college students is not only an inevitable choice to fully implement the rule of law but also a realistic requirement to improve the level of higher education and realize the all-round development of college students. College students' mental health education is an important part of the talent training system of colleges and universities, and in-depth exploration of the ideological and political laws of college students' mental health education courses is an inevitable requirement for implementing the fundamental task of Lide Shuren. College students' mental health education courses must be integrated into the ideological and political concepts of the curriculum, reflect the political orientation of ideological and political work, embody the law of educating people with morality as the first, and embody the practical purpose of psychology to pay attention to personality improvement. It is necessary to optimize the content of education and teaching, excavate the elements of ideological politics in the curriculum, enrich the resources of ideological politics in the curriculum, and explore a new way of reforming the ideological and political education curriculum for college students from the aspects of deeply planting family and national feelings, enhancing political identity, strengthening cultural self-confidence, cultivating Chinese temperament, clarifying the meaning of life, strengthening mission responsibility, enhancing civic awareness, and developing law-abiding habits. Strictly regulate the behavior of contemporary college students in the online environment, give full play to the role of legal education, and reduce the incidence of online incidents such as online fraud and cyber violence. This paper puts forward some problems in the current legal education of college students in China and points out the root causes of these problems. Methods for structural reform and advanced cultural construction based on social development are proposed. From a strategic point of view, it is believed that only by managing the reform of legal education and cultivating civic awareness can we completely solve various contradictions and problems among college students in the network environment and pave the way for the development of college students., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yong Li et al.)

At the turn of the century, facing the challenge of information and technology, environmental education, and talent competition, the world's major environmentally, educationally developed countries have entered the wave of environmental education reform. This was promulgated in 1999, and our country also successively promulgated through "the central committee of the communist party of China under the State Council on deepening environmenta education reform and comprehensively promote quality environmental education decision" in 2001 the "basic teaching environmental education course reform outline (try out)," launched to "deepen the environmental education reform and comprehensively promote quality environmental education" for the purpose of the foundation environmental education course and teaching reform. The curriculum reform is characterized by government leadership, expert guidance, and teacher participation. Its specific approach is top-down, overall promotion, concept guidance, experimental exploration, and gradual expansion, which has achieved a lot of theoretical and practical achievements. However, the practice of more than ten years has proved that the goal of the curriculum reform of basic environmental education has not been safely realized, the classroom has not undergone fundamental changes, and the advanced curriculum concept and curriculum system have not been transformed into advanced classroom teaching practice. This paper mainly discusses the influencing factors of the policy environment of environmental education development in China and analyzes the trend of reform in combination with the history of environmental education. On the one hand, the research of this paper can enrich the research theory of pedagogy; on the other hand, it can provide reference for the practical environmental education reform and have rich significance in theory and practice., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Tao Yu and Manyi Gu.)

Understanding how teacher leaders are engaged in curriculum affairs is critical with the implementation of instructional decentralization. The current study adopts a qualitative approach to investigate Teaching Research Group (TRG) leaders’ involvement in curriculum leadership (CL) in the Chinese context. It explores the conceptions of TRG leaders by interviewing 20 of them, observing four meetings held by TRG leaders, and collecting 10 extracts from appraisal summaries of TRG leaders in secondary schools in China. Drawing on the findings, this paper examines the characteristics of TRG leader’s engagement in CL. More importantly, data highlighted significant problems the participants perceived and faced in their work as TRG leaders, which consisted of amplifying the necessity for empowering TRG leaders and identifying the phenomenon that said leaders are less empowered and less motivated to undertake the CL role. The results add to the international body of knowledge on the teachers’ engagement in CL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childhood education in China has given stem education constant attention and study. On the one hand, it has introduced many foreign research findings on stem education, such as curriculum practice, evaluation systems, teacher training, and so on; on the other hand, this paper investigates the localization implementation path of stem education based on the realities of kindergartens. This paper investigates the development and implementation path of kindergarten stem education activities using data mining, analyzes how the kindergarten stem education monitoring index system is developed and further improved using data mining algorithm, and determines the function path and mode of data mining algorithm in kindergarten stem education. It is expected to be used as a reference in the development and implementation of stem education and teaching activities. The development and implementation path of kindergarten stem educational activities based on data mining algorithm using data technology to realize continuous audit can not only improve the audit means and scope but also provide new research ideas for the expansion and innovation of audit work, which is useful in building a path model of kindergarten stem educational activities development and implementation., Competing Interests: The author does not have any possible conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Liangfu Jiang.)

With the accelerating globalization and the implementation of "Belt and Road" initiative proposed by our government, communication and exchanges between China and foreign countries have become more and more frequent than before, and much more international students have chosen to study in China's universities as candidates of master of public health (MPH). However, because China only launched the MPH program in recent years, with the training models being highly similar to the program of master of science in China but quite different from those of main international MPH programs, hindering China's MPH program to become an international one. This paper systematically evaluated existing training models of MPH programs both at home and abroad through literature review and identified major differences and deficiencies of China's MPH program compared to those from other countries: (1) requirement for medical background only; (2) comparatively longer period to complete the program; (3) incomplete curriculum; (4) overemphasizing scientific research competencies but somewhat neglecting practical abilities; and (5) limited career choices, and put forward some suggestions to improve the MPH program of China, including removing requirement for medical background only, shortening the period of MPH program, improving the curriculum of MPH program, and enhancing the training of practical abilities.

This paper focuses on the evaluation of the curriculum of professional graduate degree programs. A questionnaire survey and statistical analysis are conducted on eight majors from aspects such as curriculum design, objectives, content, structure, and course learning. The current problems in the construction of the professional graduate degree curriculum system are analyzed and corresponding countermeasures for improvement are proposed, efficiently perfecting the curriculum system for professional graduate degree programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing agriculture is an important way to get rid of poverty and boost economic development. Entrepreneurship, especially entrepreneurship education, is considered to be an important contributor to the realization of the above objectives. Entrepreneurship education has received more and more attention. Improving the entrepreneurial willingness and skills of agricultural students is of great significance to the economic and social development of developing countries. In order to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship education curricula and satisfaction, especially the agricultural students, we conducted a questionnaire survey in 35 universities across the country between 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the entrepreneurship education of agricultural students in Chinese universities. And 1223 valid questionnaires with 7 interviews were obtained. Furthermore, we used the structural equation model to empirically analyze the questionnaire data and found that entrepreneurship practice plays a part in the mediating effect between entrepreneurship curriculum and satisfaction with entrepreneurship education. This paper expands literature on entrepreneurship education and has certain reference significance for training a large number of agricultural entrepreneurial talents the practice of entrepreneurship education in other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information technology has brought great changes to China's education. 5G technology provides a better guarantee for the sharing of curriculum resources, facing the extreme shortage of educational resources in China. The contradiction between limited educational resources and unlimited development needs of higher education has become increasingly prominent. How to effectively realize resource sharing among universities has become a problem that must be considered in the talent development of universities. In order to solve this problem, universities must improve the utilization rate of resources, maximize resource sharing, and establish a more perfect resource sharing mechanism under the background of 5G and Internet of Things. This paper analyzes the current situation of research at home and abroad, the current situation of resources development, and the application of online courses under the background of Internet of Things, thus constructing an overall framework of curriculum resource sharing mode. According to effective experiments, the offline curriculum education resource sharing and traditional resource sharing schemes in the background of 5G and Internet are compared, and the necessity and importance of applying 5G Internet of Things are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]