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Global warming caused by massive carbon dioxide emissions can lead to a chain of ecological disasters. As one of the main sources of carbon emissions, transportation is of great significance, and the evaluation of its connections with carbon emissions is necessary to achieve "carbon neutrality". Taking Beijing as an example, this study evaluated traffic efficiency (TE) by utilizing principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Using the Tapio decoupling model and coupling coordination degree model, the corresponding relationship between urban low carbon level (LCL) and TE was explored. The results showed the following: (1) The total carbon emission (CE) level exhibited fluctuating variation from increasing to decreasing. The carbon emission intensity (CEI) continued to slow down, and the rapid growth of population density played a key role in low-carbon development. (2) The traffic operations continually showed a positive trend in development. TE increased from a step-like to a slow shape, until it declined in 2020 due to the pandemic. (3) TE and LCL both developed from low coordination to an extreme level of coordination. Per capita carbon emission (CEP) and TE presented an inverted U-shaped curve; meanwhile, with increases in TE, the decline in CEI slowed. In addition, the weak decoupling of TE changed to become strong, due to CE and CEP, and maintained a strong decoupling state from CEI. (4) There is a necessity for the rational planning of land use for transportation infrastructure, the encouragement of a combination of public and private transportation, and the strengthening of the maintenance of the relative infrastructure and the management of traffic behaviors to attain a win–win situation. The results provide a reference for optimizing the traffic structure to achieve "carbon neutrality". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordinated development of water and soil resource matching and grain production is essential to enhance integrated grain production capacity and promote sustainable development in agriculture. Based on the perspective of a water footprint, this article empirically evaluates the coupling coordination relationship between water and soil resource matching and grain production in typical black soil areas in Northeast China using the coupled coordination degree and the obstacle model and further analyzes the obstacle factors that affect the coordination between the two systems. The results indicate that the blue water footprint, green water footprint, and total water footprint of five grain crops are increasing year by year. Soybean has the largest water footprint per unit mass, tubers have the smallest, and rice has the largest water footprint among cereals. The overall matching degree of water and soil resources in the study area is steadily increasing. However, there are significant differences in the water and soil resource matching coefficients between regions, with the highest being observed in Hegang City and the lowest being observed in Jiamusi City. Coupling remains at a high level and coupling coordination shifts from a low–middle–high to a middle–high stage. The correlation between soil and water resource matching and grain production systems is of significant importance. The degree of matching between water and soil resources serves as the primary obstacle affecting the coupling and coordinated development of integrated systems, which fundamentally restricts the sustainable development of regional agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the synergy of pollution and carbon reduction (PCR), as well as accelerating high-quality economic development (HQED), are the two major tasks of China's current economic development. Thus, it is crucial to achieve a deep integration between PCR and HQED. We first construct the indicator system of PCR and HQED, and use the entropy method to assign weights to the indicator system. The coupling coordination model often portrays the level of coordinated development between systems. We apply this model to measure the synergistic relationship between PCR and HQED in 108 cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in China from 2006 to 2021.We further analyze its spatial-temporal characteristics, regional differences, and convergence. The results reveal that the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between PCR and HQED in the YREB increases from 0.4234 in 2006 to 0.5832 in 2021. A higher CCD reflects a better coordinated developmental relationship between the two subsystems, and the relationship between the PCR and HQED shifts from on the verge of being uncoordinated to barely coordinated. Meanwhile, the CCD of the YREB shows a trend of decreasing downstream, midstream, and upstream, with significant spatial positive autocorrelation characteristics. Moreover, the overall differences in the CCD of the YREB from 2006 to 2021 show a fluctuating trend, with larger contributions of inter-regional differences and intra-regional differences. The convergence model reflects whether there is a tendency for the coupling coordination differences to narrow. Finally, the model indicates that there is no σ convergence but exists β convergence in the CCD of the YREB. Convergence is fastest in the downstream, followed by the midstream, and slowest in the upstream. The study reveals that the CCD of the YREB is increasing and has significant positive spatial correlation characteristics. It could utilize inter-city synergies, implement integrated strategies, and promote synergies between PCR and HQED in accordance with local conditions. Our findings provide empirical evidence and policy references for effectively promoting the deep integration of PCR with HQED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial structure (IS), economy (EC), and ecological environment (EE) could influence each other and constitute a complex system (IS-EC-EE). This study is to explore the differences and evolution of the coordination level of the IS-EC-EE complex system of 13 cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration by coupling coordination degree model, Markov chain, GM (1,1) model, Dagum Gini coefficient, and Kernel density estimation method to provide a reference for regional sustainable development. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation index of IS, EC, and EE had significant differences among the 13 cities in the BTH region. The IS-EC-EE system of the whole BTH region was in a highly coupled and low-coordinated development state. And the coordination degrees of the 13 cities in the BTH region had spatial differences, which were mainly due to inter-regional differences, and the differences became larger. Furthermore, the coordinated development of the 13 cities had the probability of keeping high, moderate, and low coordination. It was predicted that the coordination degree of the IS-EC-EE system in the whole BTH region in 2020–2030 was roughly similar to the trend in 2009–2019. The coordination levels of Beijing and Tianjin were higher than in Hebei Province, so optimizations need to be considered for regional overall sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intricate interplay between water resources, land resources, energy systems, and carbon emissions has emerged as a prominent discourse in academic research. Nonetheless, there remains a dearth of comprehensive research dedicated to fostering environmentally friendly and low-carbon development through systematic integration and coordination efforts. This study aimed to fill this gap by integrating the coupling mechanism of the Water-Land-Energy-Carbon (WLEC) system, thereby constructing an evaluation index framework that assesses coordinated developments in Northwest China's WLEC system. It scrutinizes the security levels within the Water-Land-Energy (WLE) subsystem while conducting quantitative analyses on the degrees of coupling coordination within the WLEC systems, alongside their associated hindering factors. The preliminary findings were as follows: Firstly, the safety development within the WLE system demonstrates a positive trend across Northwest China, with notable advancements primarily observed in the Qinghai and Gansu provinces. In 2021, all five Northwestern provinces exhibited moderate levels of safe development, except for the Qinghai province, which transitioned from moderate to robust. Secondly, the coupling coordination degree of the WLEC system across the five provinces has consistently illustrated an upward trajectory over the years. However, as of 2021, the system remains in a state characterized by marginal disorder. Notably, the Qinghai and Gansu provinces have shown particularly encouraging upward trends, with the Shaanxi province also making notable progress. Conversely, Xinjiang has declined since 2017 due to negative interactions between the subsystems of water, soil, energy, and carbon emissions. Thirdly, spatial variations exist in the distribution patterns between the provinces regarding the influence of obstructing factors on indicators related to coupled coordinated development, such as per capita arable land area, per capita energy consumption, per capita carbon emissions, per capita construction land area, and the proportion of groundwater water in the total amount of water supply, which demonstrated an increasing trend. These findings carry significant practical implications for actively and steadily promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in Northwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes provincial panel data from China spanning the period from 2011 to 2020 to assess the coupled and coordinated development of spatial functions related to production, life, and ecology (PLE) in rural areas. The assessment is based on quantifying the spatial function indices for PLE in China's rural regions. Additionally, it examines the characteristics of their spatial and temporal evolution, spatial correlation, and driving factors. The findings indicate a modest upward trend in the spatial coupling and coordination levels of these functions across rural China, although a significant proportion of provinces still exhibit a near-disordered decline. Exploratory spatial data analysis reveals a geographical disparity, with higher levels of coupled and coordinated development observed in the eastern regions, lower levels in the west, and noticeable spatial clustering. By employing the spatial Durbin model to investigate the determinants of coupling degrees, we discovered that factors such as regional economic development, urbanization, the urban–rural income gap, financial support for agriculture, science and technology investment level, and agricultural structural adjustments significantly influence the spatial coupling of rural PLE functions. Furthermore, using the geographic detector model, the analysis identifies science and technology investment level, economic development, and financial support for agriculture as key drivers influencing the spatial coupling and coordination of these functions. These findings provide valuable reference points for policies and strategies related to rural management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the panel data of 19 old revolutionary base areas in China from 2003 to 2020, this study measures the process of sustainable development and the coupling and coordination of economic, environmental, and social systems in less developed regions and investigates the influencing factors of sustainable development. The results show that the sustainable development of the old revolutionary base areas has generally shown an upward trend, while in recent years, it has fluctuated and declined. The coupling coordination degree of the system has similar characteristics, and the sustainable development and coupling coordination degree of the eastern region are higher than that of other regions. The regression results show that both effective government and efficient markets can promote the sustainable development of the old revolutionary base areas. Government factors play a more vital role in the eastern region, and market mechanisms play a greater role in the central and western regions. Nevertheless, the interaction term between the market and government is negative, indicating that the coordination between government factors and the market mechanism needs to be improved in revitalizing the old revolutionary base areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a two-stage framework for analyzing the coupling mechanism between regional sustainable economic development and environmental protection subsystems. We propose a modified super-slack-based measure (SBM) model to evaluate efficiency and apply a coupled coordination model to measure the coordinated development levels of regional economies and environments. Subsequently, we assess the economic and environmental efficiency and coordination levels of 30 Chinese regions from 2011 to 2019. The findings indicate a strong synchronization between regional economic development and environmental protection, whereby regions with better economic development exhibit superior environmental protection measures. Regional technical inefficiency is primarily attributed to scale inefficiency, although the overall developmental trend is predominantly determined by pure technical advancement. While the synchronization between the economy and environment remains highly robust, over time, the coordination level gradually diminishes, transitioning from a state of well-coordinated and orderly development to dysfunctional and disorderly recession. Noticeable regional disparities in efficiency and coordination levels are apparent among the eastern, western, and central regions, with the central region demonstrating exemplary performance across all aspects. To promote sustainable high-quality coordinated development, regions with limited capacity should prioritize economic construction. Conversely, in other regions, the simultaneous promotion of economic development and environmental protection would be more appropriate to achieve a higher level of coordinated regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the relationships among tourism, the environment and carbon emissions is key to understanding how tourism activity affects the sustainable development of tourism in the Tibetan Plateau. Using Lhasa, Tibet, as a case study, the coupling and coordination relationships among the three systems were analysed to explore the impact of tourism behaviour on sustainable tourism development. Utilising panel data from 2010 to 2020, the carbon emissions of tourism activities were calculated using a bottom-up approach. The coupling coordination model was employed to examine the interrelationship of the economy, the ecological environment and carbon emissions. Additionally, the Tapio model was utilised to further analyse the dependency relationship between economic development and carbon emissions. This assessment of the sustainability of Lhasa's tourism industry revealed that (1) the economy, the environment and carbon emissions are indeed closely intertwined with sustainable development and that (2) there has been a significant increase in the coupling coordination among the economy, the environment and carbon emissions from 2010 to 2020, coupled with a gradual decrease in economic dependency on carbon emissions. Despite providing favourable conditions for sustainable development, there remains considerable disparity among the three subsystems, with relatively low overall coordination. Accordingly, some practical low-carbon tourism policies are recommended to guide tourism practices and promote long-term sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Remote Sensing for Natural Resources is the property of Remote Sensing for Natural Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geography & Geographic Information Science is the property of Geography & Geo-Information Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Industrial ecology (IE) was defined as a dynamic evolution process characterized by the coupling coordination relationship between ecological efficiency and industrial efficiency. This paper used data envelopment analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological efficiency and industrial efficiency in China’s loess plateau region (LPR) from 2006 to 2017. Based on the definition, LPR’s IE development and spatial correlations were studied separately using coupling evaluation model and social network analysis. Findings include: Although eco-efficiency and industrial efficiency were mutually promoted, and both have improved during the study period, LPR’s human-earth relation was still facing uncertainties. There were significant disparities in industrial efficiency, ecological efficiency, and IE levels among cities. The evolutionary patterns of cities were classified as coordinated development mode and professional development mode. The IE interactive network was characterized by “scale-free” and “small world,” where provincial capitals and big cities functioned as growth poles and intermediaries. The correlations of IE brought challenges as well as favorable conditions for setting up a cross-regional coordination mechanism. This paper provided a new perspective to understand IE and a “quantity and structure” driven development idea for policymakers.

With 31 provinces and cities in Mainland China selected as the research objects, the paper explores the acting mechanism of industrial cluster, urbanization and population cluster, builds a measurement index system for the spatial-temporal coupling characteristics of industrial cluster, urbanization and population agglomeration, and then measures the coupling coordination degrees of industrial agglomeration, urbanization and population agglomeration in provinces since 2000 and researches the spatial-temporal evolution and spatial differentiation characteristics of coupling coordination degree. Research results show: ① industrial agglomeration, urbanization and population agglomeration have formed a dynamically coordinated relationship with mutual influences, mutual promotion and joint development; ② the comprehensive development levels of industrial agglomeration, urbanization and population agglomeration in China are rising year by year, but the overall coupling degree and coordination degree of the three are low, but the coupling coordination relationship will improve continuously with time, still showing obvious differences in provinces and the spatial tendency of being 'high in the east and low in the west'; ③ the coupling coordination presents a continuous spatial agglomeration state, and the agglomeration intensity is 'high on two ends and low in the middle', thus forming the outstanding hot-spot in areas eastern coastal regions and the outstanding cold-spot areas in western regions; ④ the government should promote industrial agglomeration, industrial structure optimization and upgrading and urbanization, and make reasonable planning for population agglomeration degree practically and effectively, to ensure the matching and coordinated development of industrial agglomeration, population agglomeration and urban bearing capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The integrated development of agricultural land and finance not only promotes rural financial innovation and breaks the bottleneck of agricultural financing but also facilitates agricultural land transfer and scaled operations. This leads to the advancement of the effective growth of contemporary agriculture. The reform of the 'separation of three rights' in agricultural land promotes land circulation, which, in turn, offers an institutional guarantee for the tandem development of rural finance and agricultural land management. This paper measures the comprehensive development index of agricultural land management and rural finance in 30 provinces of China from 2005 to 2020. In light of this, it calculates the degree of coupling and coordination between China's agricultural land management and rural financial development. The Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density, and the Moran index were used to analyze regional differences and patterns of agglomeration. The study found that the degree of coupling coordination between China's agricultural land management and rural finance is increasing annually. However, there remains a significant gap in achieving high-quality coupling. Notably, the growth rate of rural financial development exceeds that of agricultural land management, and hypervariable density is a major source of regional variation. There is polarization in the coupled development of farmland management and rural finance. Provinces in the eastern and central regions tend to be located in the high–high agglomeration (H–H) in terms of the level of development of agricultural land and financial integration, while the western region tends to fall in low–low aggregation (L–L).

Abstract This paper examines the coupling coordination degree between digital economy and green technology innovation in 19 urban agglomerations across China from 2011 to 2020. Through the analysis of the coupling coordination degree model, spatial autocorrelation, multi-distance spatial clustering analysis, kernel density analysis and grey correlation model, this study uncovers the mechanism of coupling between digital economy and green technology in Chinese urban agglomerations. Data analysis revealed a significant increase in the coupling coordination between the digital economy and green technology innovation within urban agglomerations. However, there are noticeable spatial imbalances in this trend. Additionally, the multi-distance spatial distance analysis highlights a shift from a random distribution to a clustered distribution of spatial characteristics. The polarization features vary among each urban agglomeration and exhibit a significant positive spatial correlation. Factors such as economic sustainability, creative talent, policy support, digital impetus, and technological support will affect the coupling mechanism of green technology innovation and the digital economy in China's urban agglomerations. Policy recommendations are proposed to foster the development of the digital economy, promote coordinated growth within and beyond urban clusters, and ultimately build a digital ecological civilization that is both green and intelligent.

The interaction between regional energy, economy and ecology system has the characteristics of high correlation and complexity. In-depth study of the relationship between the three systems is of great significance for regional sustainable development. In this paper, DPSIR (driving forces, pressures, states, impacts and responses) theory is innovatively introduced to analyze the coupling coordination mechanism among systems. On this basis, an evaluation system for the coupling coordination development of regional energy-economy-ecology system is proposed. A coupling coordination degree (CCD) evaluation model optimized by information entropy is further constructed, and the panel data of 11 provinces along the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2008 to 2017 are used for empirical analysis of this region. The results show that the development of the energy and economy systems in the YREB has strong similarities, while the evaluation values of ecology systems in the provinces mainly fluctuate or first descend then rise. The development of the ecology system is influenced by the development of energy system and economy system on the one hand, and also by regional policies on the other hand. The CCD on the time dimension is given priority to with fluctuations rise development momentum, on the spatial dimension is roughly east high and west low development pattern. And the main factors restricting the coupling coordinated development of the YREB are different in the east, central and west. The three eastern provinces all belong to the type of ecology lag, while the four provinces in the central region belong to economy lagged. The development of energy and economy systems in the four western provinces lags behind their ecology systems. In addition, this paper proposes optimal strategies for the provinces, in which the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River should reduce energy consumption per unit of GDP and accelerate the transformation from traditional economy to green economy. The downstream region should improve the ecological carrying capacity of the resources and environment, and promote the economic conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements. The research process and results show that the combination of DPSIR theory and CCD model can provide a general tool for determining the coupling coordinated effect between subsystems.

In order to explore the coupling degree and interactive stress between ecological environment and economic development of the Yellow River basin and provide reference for the ecological protection and high-quality development decision-making of the basin, This paper analyzed the relationship between the ecological environment and economic development of nine provinces (regions) in the basin from 2007 to 2017 by using coupling coordination and interactive stress model. The results show that in terms of time series, the coupling coordination between the ecological environment and economic development of the Yellow River basin is in a serious maladjustment state in the early stage, and in a good coordination state in the late stage, and it is more and more coordinated in the whole researched period; in terms of spatial pattern, the coordination degree between the ecological environment and economic development of the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River is higher than that of the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the early stage, and the coordination degree of the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River is higher than that of the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the relationship between ecological environment and economic development in the middle reaches of the Yellow River needs further adjustment; through the verification of the stress relationship, there is a certain interactive stress relationship between ecological environment and economic development in the Yellow River basin. In the early stage of the study period, the comprehensive index of ecological environment is larger than that of economic development, in the later stage, the comprehensive index of economic development is larger than that of ecological environment and the improvement of ecological environment has a certain lag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Establish the coupling mechanism under high-quality development. • Using an improved three-stage DEA model with governmental factors. • The coupling coordination degree of time series and space is revealed. • The degree reveals the east-high, west-low and gradually increasing pattern. • The space spillover presents aggregation toward the central region. To achieve the objective of high-quality development, an in-depth examination of the coupling coordination relationship between industrial green water and science and technology (S&T) innovation is essential. This study takes Chinese 30 provincial regions as specific examples and constructs the improved three-stage SBM-DEA model and entropy weight TOPSIS model to assess industrial green water efficiency and the level of S&T innovation during 2009–2021. Based on this, the coupling coordination model is applied to investigate the coupling coordination degree of industrial green water efficiency and S&T innovation, as well as the characteristics of the spatio-temporal distributions. Finally, we utilize a spatial autocorrelation model to reveal the spatial clustering characteristics of the coordination degree of the two. The findings indicate that: (1) The results of the evaluation of industrial green water efficiency and the level of S&T innovation show that the development of each province is not balanced, and the performance of the eastern coastal region is more prominent. (2) China's overall coupling coordination degree is rising steadily and moving from primary coordination into the good coordination stage. Most provinces are in the primary coordination and good coordination stages. Qinghai remains in the low coordination stage throughout the study period. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Guangdong enter the high coordination stage. (3) The spatial distribution of the coupling coordination level of the two systems shows a pattern of high in the east and low in the west, with a positive spillover effect on the spatial adjacency. The high-high coupling coordination degree area exhibits a tendency to shift towards the central region. This paper provides a scientific basis for analyzing the coupling coordination degree and spatio-temporal differences between industrial green water efficiency and S&T innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The watershed system has a complex game relationship between the benign operation and coordinated development of various elements of flood-sediment transportation, eco-environment, and socio-economy (FES). With the increasing breadth, depth, and intensity of human activities in watersheds, it is urgent to coordinate the FES. The relationship of water–sediment in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is complex, with a prominent contradiction in water supply and a fragile ecosystem. This research tries to build a comprehensive evaluation model for FES and explore the complex interaction between FES in the YRB from 2000 to 2020. The results demonstrated that (1) the comprehensive flood-sediment transportation index (CFTI) and comprehensive eco-environment index (CEI) presented fluctuating growth. In contrast, the comprehensive socio-economy index (CSI) revealed a linear growth trend. The CFTI of Sanmenxia, CEI of Toudaokuan, and CSI of Ningxia had the highest growth rates, with 36.03%, 6.48%, and 107.5%, respectively. (2) FES's positive and negative effects were alternating, with heterogeneity in both time and space. (3) The coupling coordination degree (CCD) in the YRB indicated an increasing trend, ranging from 0.53 to 0.87, from reluctantly coordinated development to good coordinated development. The lagging subsystem was CFTI (2000–2001 and 2008–2020) and CSI (2002–2007), and the CEI was not lagging. (4) Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) demonstrated significant differences in the CCD of the YRB, and areas with similar CCD within the basin tend to be centrally distributed in space. At the same time, there was negative spatial autocorrelation in coordination. The results provide a scientific theoretical and methodological framework for strategic research on the YRB system's governance, protection, and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water, energy, food, and ecology are essential for achieving sustainable development in a region, and in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, their security is also essential at a river basin scale. This study investigated the interrelationships among the water system, food system, energy system, and ecosystem in China's Upper Han River, in alignment with Goals 2, 6, 7, and 15 of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To evaluate the achievement of the SDGs in the Upper Han River, this water–energy–food–ecology system was evaluated by a thorough evaluation index system according to Goals 2, 6, 7, and 15, and the weights of the indices were given using a combination of the CRITIC weighting method and entropy approach. The level of coupling coordination of the system from 2000 to 2021 was quantitatively evaluated by using a coupling coordination degree model. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was built to forecast the process of the indices from 2022 to 2041, and the predicted processes of the system were evaluated by the coupling coordination degree model. The degree of coupling coordination improved from 0.396 to 0.845, and the comprehensive assessment development index increased by 113% from 2000 to 2021, demonstrating that it was a stable development period in general. The fragile support capacity of the water system for the energy system, food system, and ecosystem had a great impact on the overall comprehensive evaluation index. SDG2 (food system), SDG6 (water system), SDG7 (energy system), and SDG15 (ecosystem) all have higher levels of internal conflict. These bi-directional dynamics tended to converge in the sufficiency development mode in the future period as well as the historical period. The analysis of the relationship showed that there were inherent connections and interactions between the four goals, as presented by the high level of coupling that persisted between SDG2, SDG6, SDG7, and SDG15. In the process of promoting the achievement of these goals, the coupling degree also tends to be coordinated from 2022 to 2041. The results offer a view for the river basin's sustainable development and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth and development of urban areas, the economy has often been prioritized at the expense of the environment and ecological systems. However, it is essential to delve deeper into the relationship between the economy and the ecological environment. Therefore, this study introduces a comprehensive evaluation system that encompasses economic, ecological, and environmental factors in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration in China. The Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) method is utilized to determine the weights of various indicators, and coupling as well as coupling coordination models are employed to investigate the spatiotemporal trends and interrelationships of the three factors. The results indicate that the economic development index has displayed a consistent uptrend since 2000, with the economic development index from 2015–2020 increasing by approximately four times compared to 2000–2005. The ecological status index has also increased in the last five years, with a rise of about 0.05 from 2015–2020 compared to 2000–2005. The environmental status index has fluctuated but generally increased, with a rise of approximately 5.6 times from 2015–2020 compared to 2000–2005. The coupling degree of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration is relatively high, with intense coupling from 2005–2020, and moderate coupling from 2000–2005. Furthermore, the coupling coordination has continuously improved from mild maladjustment to barely coordinated from 2000 to 2020, indicating the enhancement of the coupling coordination of the three factors. It is crucial to acknowledge that there exists spatial heterogeneity in both the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree. This heterogeneity stems from the uneven progress in economic development, ecological conditions, and environmental status across various cities. Additional endeavors are required to foster the harmonized advancement of these factors across the entire region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building livable urban space is an important component of urban construction. The evaluation of urban space livability is of great significance for urban sustainable development. The study measured the level of urban spatial livability in the urban area of Hefei from the spatial perspective of production-living-ecological space (PLES), using spatial analysis methods, to provide new ideas for the construction of livable urban spatial and to promote the coordination of urban spatial elements and spatial optimization. Firstly, this study constructed the evaluation model for urban spatial livability from three perspectives: Comfortable living, convenient production and ecological health. Secondly, using the evaluation model for urban spatial livability, the global spatial autocorrelation analysis method and the coupling coordination degree model, the single factor differentiation of urban space livable potential, comprehensive livable degree and the coupling degree of PLES in the urban area of Hefei were analyzed, respectively. Finally, this study discusses the coordination of PLES elements of the urban space in Hefei urban area, and puts forward spatial optimization strategies. The results show three important aspects of this system. (1) In terms of the single-factor livability of living, production and ecology, there are significant differences in the spatial distribution characteristics of the livability of the Hefei urban area. There is a spatial clustering of living comfort areas in the center, a spreading of production convenience areas from the center to the periphery, and a scattering of ecological health areas around the perimeter. (2) The overall livability of the urban space in Hefei is high. In terms of space, it shows the characteristics of high in the middle and low around the periphery, and the high-value area of livability is mainly concentrated in the urban center. (3) The coupling coordination degree of PLES in the urban area of Hefei is high in the city center and low around the city. The coupling coordination degree of life-production is the highest, which indicates that the spatial layout of these two elements has certain rationality and achieves benign coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northeast China, regarded as China's Rust Belt, has been dealing with numerous issues related to societal transformation and ecological concerns. Data indicate that Northeast China has already become the most severely depopulated region. It is crucial for the region's sustainable growth to figure out how to balance ecological and urban development in the face of population shrinkage. First, we measured the population shrinkage, urbanization, and green total factor productivity (GTFP) of each city. Second, we calculated the degree of coordination between urbanization and GTFP and spatially visualized it. Finally, we analyzed the influencing factors through further empirical evidence. The findings showed that Northeast China's cities were generally becoming smaller in terms of population. Urbanization and GTFP both exhibited a climbing tendency, and overall coordination between the two grew gradually. The level of coordination declined as population shrinkage increased. Governmental, technological, and economic factors influenced the level of coordination. The role played by factors influencing coordinated development varied at different levels of shrinkage. The findings not only provide a new research perspective for understanding the coordinated development of socioeconomic and ecological environment in Northeast China, but also provide insights for further improving the relevant policies and promoting the sustainable development and transformation of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the interplay between ecosystem services and human well-being in Seni district, which is a pastoral region of Nagqu city on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is investigated. Employing the improved InVEST model, CASA model, coupling coordination model, and hierarchical clustering method, we analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem services, the levels of resident well-being levels, and the interrelationships between these factors over the period from 2000 to 2018. Our findings reveal significant changes in six ecosystem services, with water production decreasing by 7.1% and carbon sequestration and soil conservation services increasing by approximately 6.3% and 14.6%, respectively. Both the habitat quality and landscape recreation services remained stable. Spatially, the towns in the eastern and southern areas exhibited higher water production and soil conservation services, while those in the central area exhibited greater carbon sequestration services. The coupling and coordination relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being improved significantly over the study period, evolving from low-level coupling to coordinated coupling. Hierarchical clustering was used to classify the 12 town-level units into five categories. Low subjective well-being townships had lower livestock breeding services, while high subjective well-being townships had higher supply, regulation, and support ecosystem services. Good transportation conditions were associated with higher subjective well-being in townships with low supply services. We recommend addressing the identified transportation disparities and enhancing key regulatory and livestock breeding services to promote regional sustainability and improve the quality of life for Seni district residents, thus catering to the diverse needs of both herdsmen and citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although urbanization greatly benefits economy-society development in China, it poses enormous challenges to cultivated land utilization. In the context of urbanization acceleration and carbon neutrality, it’s of significance to achieve high-quality economy-society development and sustainable agricultural development. Thus, the coupling coordination relationship between new-type urbanization and cultivated land low-carbon utilization (CLLCU) needs to be examined. However, this topic has not been adequately addressed in previous studies. To fill the gap, this paper adopted a comprehensive evaluation model and a super-efficiency SBM (Slacked Based Measure) model to evaluate the level of new-type urbanization and the cultivated land low-carbon utilization efficiency (CLLCUE) of cities in the Yangtze River Delta in China from 2000 to 2018. Furthermore, the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) and the relative development degree model (RDDM) were employed to measure the coupling coordination degree and the relative state of the new-type urbanization and CLLCU The results show that the coupling coordination degree between the new-type urbanization level and CLLCUE experienced a process of “rapid increase-steady develop” and presented a spatial pattern of “polarization-regional equilibrium”. In addition, the relative state of the new-type urbanization and CLLCU presented the “reversal” phenomenon. In other words, the relative state changed from the new-type urbanization lagging behind CLLCU to the new-type urbanization ahead of CLLCU. None of the cities were in the state of simultaneous development. Finally, this paper puts forward policy recommendations to explore differentiated CLLCU modes and improve the quality and efficiency of new-type urbanization.

• ESV assessment model was improved. • The spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and ESV in Hubei Province are assessed from 2000 to 2020. • The overall situation of ESV tends to improve. • The CCD between ESV and land use intensity decreases and then increases. • Policy implications for maintaining ESV were proposed. Rapid urbanization has exacerbated land use transformation, which in turn has affected ecosystem service value (ESV). Clarifying the spatial association between land use change (LUC) and ESV is of relevance to the development of policies for sustainable land development and ecosystem service (ES) management. In this paper, taking Hubei Province as an example, the biomass coefficient, resource scarcity coefficient and socioeconomic adjustment coefficient are introduced to improve the ESV assessment model, and then the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and ESV from 2000 to 2020 are analyzed. Furthermore, the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between land use intensity and ESV was explored through a CCD model. The results show that (1) land use in Hubei Province changed significantly from 2000 to 2020, mainly in cropland and built-up land. (2) The change in ESV showed a fluctuating upward trend, with an increase of 71.30%, and the spatial differences generally decreased, showing a spatial pattern of "low in the center and high in the surroundings". (3) All individual ESVs first decreased and then increased, with regulating services and supporting services contributing more to ESV and hydrological regulation, maintenance of biodiversity and soil conservation being the top three ecosystem functions with high service value. (4) The CCD between ESV and land use intensity in Hubei Province and its cities (prefecture and forest area) decreased and then increased, being at the lowest and highest values in 2005 and 2020, respectively. This paper revealed the spatiotemporal evolution process of LUC and ESV in Hubei Province and their coupling coordinated relationship, which can provide effective guidance for the formulation of interzonal ES maintenance policies to reconcile the conflicts between land use and ecosystem management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordinated development of green finance and technological innovation is a key driver of China's high-quality economic growth and therefore deserves close attention. But are green finance and technological innovation really coordinated? This study establishes a coordinating coupling system to link green finance and technological innovation. 2010–2021 is chosen as the observation period, and 31 provinces in China are selected for study. This paper uses the coupling coordination model to investigate the development of the coupling coordination of technological innovation and green finance, and discusses its spatial distribution by the Moran index. The results show that, overall, the degree of coupling coordination between green finance and technological innovation shows a consistent upward trend. The trend is particularly strong in the East. Moreover, the coordination coupling between green finance and technological innovation has the spatial effect. And it shows a binary characteristic, with a decreasing trend observed from coastal to inland regions. These results remained valid after replacing weight matrix and sample size.The above findings have important policy implications for optimising the synergistic development of green finance and technological innovation and achieving high-quality economic development.

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In the context of pursuing high-quality development, the coupling and coordination of the ecosystem and economy has become the fundamental goal and inevitable choice for achieving the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. Based on remote sensing and statistical data for the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region from 2005 to 2020, in this paper, we construct an index system of the ecological and economic levels to assess the ecosystem service value (ESV). We use the equivalent factor method, entropy method, coupling coordination model, and relative development model to systematically grasp the spatial pattern of the levels of the two variables, analyse and evaluate their spatial and temporal coupling and coordination characteristics, and test the factors influencing their coupling and coordination using the geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR) model. The results show that ① the ESV in the PRD exhibited a fluctuating decreasing trend, while the level of the economy exhibited a fluctuating increasing trend; ② the coordination degree of the ESV and economy in the PRD exhibited a fluctuating increasing trend, and the region began to enter the basic coordination period in 2007; ③ in terms of the spatial distribution of the coordination degree, there was generally a circular pattern, with the Pearl River Estuary cities as the core and a decrease in the value towards the periphery; ④ the coordinated development model is divided into balanced development, economic guidance, and ESV guidance, among which balanced development is the major type; ⑤ the results of the GTWR reveal that the influencing factors exhibited significant spatial–temporal heterogeneity. Government intervention and openness were the dominant factors affecting the coordination, and the normalised difference vegetation index was the main negative influencing factor.

With the rapid development of China's modern industry, human beings have consumed enormous amounts of high-carbon energy resources. This has caused huge destruction to the systems of environmental resources. Low-carbon development is the best solution to the irrational demand for natural resources, environmental pollution and other associated problems. This study discusses the coupling and coordinating mechanism of low-carbon development and environmental resource system. Herein, we argue that low-carbon development is a necessary requirement for the improvement of environmental resource system and it can promote an effective utilization of environmental resource. The improvement of environmental resource system is also conducive to low-carbon production. This paper studies 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, establishes index system, comprehensively applies entropy evaluation method and coupling coordination model, measures the coupling and coordination degree of two systems, and arrives at the following conclusions. From 2000 to 2013, the comprehensive level and the coordinating degree of China's low-carbon development and environmental resource system generally increased, Shandong and Guangdong rank at the top of provincial-level administrative region, the two provinces also have a high coordinating degrees. Also, this study puts forward several policy recommendations to upgrade the coupling and coordinating development of low-carbon and environmental resource system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Construct indicator systems for green finance and clean energy. • Investigation conducted on coupling coordination relationship between green finance and clean energy systems. • Influencing factors of coupling coordination degree explored using fsQCA method. • Results reveal imbalance in coupling coordination degree for GCS in China. • Identification of three pathways for enhancing coupling coordination degree. Investigating the integrated development between green finance and clean energy has significant implications for achieving structural energy transformation and sustainable financial development. This paper aims to explore the path toward achieving a positive interaction between green finance and clean energy. To achieve this, a coupling coordination degree model for the green finance – clean energy system is constructed. Additionally, limited attention has been paid to the interconnectedness of multiple factors with coupling coordination. Hence, we introduce a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) approach to explore diverse pathways to enhance coupling coordination. Empirical results indicate that from 2011 to 2020, the degree of coupling coordination between green finance and clean energy in China improved from 0.3341 to 0.4718. However, it remains on the verge of an imbalanced level. Furthermore, the regional coupling coordination degree exhibits uneven development, with a tendency towards high-value clustering. The coordinated development paths of different provinces are driven by various configurations of conditions. Based on these findings, this study suggests that provinces should formulate policies tailored to their local characteristics and condition configurations, and effectively promote the coordinated development of green finance and clean energy in their respective regions. This study improves the comprehension of the coordinated development between green finance and clean energy at the provincial level in China. The employed fsQCA technique offers a novel approach for investigating developmental pathways of coupling coordination, bearing significance in promoting a mutually beneficial and harmonious relationship between green finance and clean energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban spatial structure refers to the relative location relationship and spatial feature formed by the interaction of various elements of the city through its internal mechanism, which is the accumulation of human spatial activities and location selection in the long-term process. The traditional traffic flow begins to transform into a new type of intelligent network mixed traffic flow. In order to explore the coupling coordination relationship between travel demand and land use mixture, multi-source data are used for modeling for travel demand and land use respectively in this paper. A land use mixture identification methodology is proposed based on Shannon's information entropy weight method, and realizes the intrinsic association of the previous two variables. Taking a case study of Qingdao, China, the results indicate that the dynamic spatio-temporal distribution of taxi travel demand is imbalanced, and hotspots are mostly distributed in transportation hubs and business circles. It also found that the coupling coordination of the land use mixture and travel demand inside the city are spatial heterogeneity and imbalanced. The higher land use mixture attracts more trips, and it is more significant at weekends. The results can provide policy makers with a quantitative method for evaluating the relative spatial gaps for land use intensity to attract more trips. • Shannon's information entropy weight method can apply to land use mixture identification. • Multi-source datasets are used for modeling development for travel demand and land use. • There is a strong correlation between urban land use and travel demand. • Coupling coordination of the land use mixture and travel demand inside the city are spatial heterogeneity and imbalanced. • Dynamic spatio-temporal distribution of taxi travel demand is imbalanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-six cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration were taken as the research object, and this study comprehensively evaluated urbanization quality and ecological resilience from 2005 to 2020. On this basis, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and main influencing factors of the coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological resilience were systematically explored using a coupling coordination model and panel Tobit regression model. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) from 2005 to 2020, the quality of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration continued to grow, the level of ecological resilience grew slowly and fluctuated, and the development among municipalities tended to be balanced. (2) The overall coupling coordination degree of urbanization and ecological resilience showed a continuous increasing trend, and the coupling coordination type changed from basic coupling coordination to good coupling coordination. The number of cities with lagging urbanization quality decreased significantly; spatially, the gap in the coupling coordination degree between municipalities narrowed, and the cities with good coupling gradually clustered. (3) The results of the panel Tobit regression showed that the differences in the spatial evolution of coupling coordination mainly resulted from the interaction of drivers such as real utilized foreign capital, per capita GDP, carbon emission intensity, the proportion of science and technology expenditure to fiscal expenditure, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents, fixed asset investment in municipal utility construction, and the index of ecological land area ratio. In the future, the coupling coordination degree of urbanization and ecological resilience should be improved based on the type of coupling coordination according to local conditions, and the seven influencing factors should be carefully examined to accelerate the high-quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of land use sustainability (LUS) coupling socioeconomic and ecological systems has drawn the interest of researchers and decision-makers concerned with sustainable development. Exploring the relationships between land use systems can offer a coordinated route for localized and effective land governance strategies. We proposed a new theoretical framework for LUS considering coordinated development between socioeconomy and ecology. We applied it further to the Xiongan New Area, typical of a new region with government-led construction in eastern China, to explore in depth the coupling and coordination relationship among land use systems and their driving factors. Results revealed that: (1) ecological sustainability grew while socioeconomic sustainability declined in most areas of Xiongan New Area during 2010–2020 at the township level, (2) relationships among land use systems in 2010–2020 showed a trend of coordinated development, but generally, their coordination was still only at a primary and moderate level, with a shift from prominent ecological lag to prominent socioeconomic lag, (3) economic factors are critical to the coordinated development of land use systems, while the influence of ecological factors is also increasing, and (4) four development types were identified for the towns: coupling and developed, coupling and undeveloped, tradeoff and developed, and tradeoff and undeveloped. Policymakers can better appreciate the importance of government interventions in future land use planning in terms of sustainable development with the help of land use zoning optimization and sustainable land governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to coordinate the tourism industry with the ecological environment has become an important issue. However, there is a lack of attention to special ecological function areas, such as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal Basin. This study evaluated the degree of coupling coordination and distinguished obstacle factors between two systems, the tourism industry and the ecological environment in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal Basin from 2008 to 2017. The development level index of the tourism industry showed "sustained growth-slight decline-rapid growth." Jiangsu showed the highest annual growth rate (17.26%) for the development level index of the ecological environment. The comprehensive evaluation index changed in stages, showing a trend of large overall growth and small partial decline. The coupling coordination degree improved rapidly on the whole, developing from close to incoordination in 2008 to good coordination and quality coordination in 2017. In most cases, the provinces demonstrated the ecological lag type during this period. The greatest increase in obstacle degree was in the ecological environment pressure in the control layer. Generally, the main obstacles hindering the coupled and coordinated development of these two systems were the volume of household garbage clearance, wastewater emissions, A-level scenic spots, total consumption of domestic tourists and the number of inbound tourists. This study clearly reveals the evolution, degree and types of coupling coordination in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal Basin of the two systems, which contributes to healthy basin development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synergistic improvement in urban resilience and low-carbon development level is significant for mitigating and adapting to climate change, achieving the 'dual carbon goal' and promoting sustainable urban development. By constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system of urban resilience and low-carbon development, this study quantitatively measures the level of urban resilience and low-carbon development of the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration (CPUA) from 2009 to 2021. Further, the coupling coordination degree model and geographical detector explore the spatial and temporal evolution pattern and driving factors of the coupling and coordination (CCD) of urban resilience and low-carbon development. The results show the following: (1) From 2009 to 2021, urban resilience shows a good momentum of continuous rise, and the spatial distribution pattern is 'high in the northeast and low in southwest'. Low-carbon development is characterized by the development trend of 'first decline and then rise', forming a spatial distribution pattern of 'high in the south and low in the northwest'. (2) The CCD also shows a rising development trend. The type of coupling and coordination is mainly reluctant coordination. (3) The CCD shows a significant spatial correlation, and the degree of spatial agglomeration shows a downward trend. (4) The level of economic development and the level of scientific and technological innovation are the main two driving forces for the spatial differentiation of the coordinated development of the two systems. In addition, the explanatory power of the interaction of various influencing factors was significantly enhanced. In a word, this study was helpful to clarify further the spatial interaction between urban resilience and low-carbon development and also to provide experience and reference for low-carbon resilience construction and high-quality development of other urban agglomerations in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to introduce a novel coupling coordination degree (CCD) model to evaluate the degree of coupling coordination between socio-economic development and CO2 emission of 76 contracting countries in The Paris Agreement. The efficiency of the novel CCD model is demonstrated by scenario analysis in the contracting countries during the period between 2005 and 2015 on the basis of the theory of environmental Kuznets curve. The following results are obtained. Firstly, the subjectivity of the traditional CCD model contaminates the robustness of the evaluation. Secondly, the novel CCD of contracting countries during the survey period ranged between approximately 0.35 and 0.4, which is in the overall development stage of low coordination. Thirdly, the novel CCD of the two systems at the global level is not symmetrical in spatial distribution, and the European continent is generally higher than the African, while other continents sit on an intermediate level. Lastly, the novel CCD between socio-economy and CO2 emission systems presents a positive correlation with regional resident income in groups with varied income levels. The findings of this research provide rich policy references for facilitating global climate cooperation by balancing socio-economic development with CO2 emission mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interconnection between urbanization, the environment, and food security necessitates an exploration of their coupling coordination to advance the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals. However, limited research directly addresses the feasibility and strategies required to achieve such coordination. This study investigates the coupling coordination and spatial heterogeneity between urbanization, the environment, and food security in China from 2004 to 2020, employing the coupling coordination degree model, the spatial correlation model, the Dagum Gini coefficient, and the obstacle degree model. The results show that: (1) the level of coordinated development between urbanization, the environment, and food security in China has significantly increased, as evidenced by a remarkable rise in the coupling coordination degree; (2) a robust positive spatial correlation is observed in the coupling coordination degree, with "Low-Low" clusters predominantly concentrated in northwest China and "High-High" clusters primarily located in southeast China; (3) inter-regional differences are identified as the primary cause of this spatial heterogeneity; (4) food security has emerged as the foremost obstacle to coordinated development between urbanization, the environment, and food security in China. Optimizing the rational allocation of natural resources across different sectors, enhancing resource use efficiency, and strengthening environmental pollution control and management have been proven to be crucial measures and key strategies for promoting their coordinated development. This study provides a novel perspective on balancing the intricate relationship between urbanization, environmental protection, and food security, which is conducive to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green and low-carbon development are important initiatives to promote the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this study, a systematic evaluation method for regional green and low-carbon development levels was established by referring to the evaluation methods of other literature. The evaluation method includes assessing the overall green and low-carbon development levels of the evaluation objects, as well as analyzing the coupling coordination of the two subsystems of green development and low-carbon development. The results show that China's green low-carbon development level shows a rising trend year by year from 2012 to 2021, but there is still much space for progress. As for 2021, 2 provinces are in the Fair stage, 25 provinces are in the Accepted stage, and 4 provinces are in the Good stage. Provinces with higher levels of green and low-carbon development are characterized by spatial clustering, and the level of green and low-carbon development in the southeast coastal provinces is significantly higher than that in the northwest inland provinces. This study measures the coupling coordination degree of the two subsystems of green development and low-carbon development in each province. The average coupling coordination degree of China's green and low-carbon development shows a rising trend year by year from 2012 to 2021. By 2021, the coupling coordination degree of China's 29 provinces belongs to the High level type, and only two provinces belong to the Low level type. This study provides a provincial map of China's green and low-carbon development levels and a distribution map of the coupling coordination degree of the green and low-carbon development subsystems, which provides support for an in-depth understanding of the spatial–temporal distribution of and development trends in China's green and low-carbon development level. This study provides support for a deeper understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution and development trend of China's green and low-carbon development level. The study also provides data to support China's efforts to promote synergies in reducing pollution and carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China’s economy has entered a new period of transformation, and the development of various industries will become the backbone of promoting economic sectors. At the same time, it will also become a booster for promoting the transformation and development of various industries. As an essential component of China’s economic construction, forestry will also enter a critical period of transformation. However, because the forestry industry mainly relies on forest resources as production factors, there is a certain contradiction between the forestry industry development and the ecological environment. Therefore, taking Heilongjiang Province as an example, this paper applies the PSR model to explain the mechanism of the relationship between forestry industry development and the ecological environment. The PSR model mainly consists of three indicators: Pressure, State, and Response, which analyze the interrelationships between elements within the system. On the other hand, the coupling coordination model is applied to analyze the coupling coordination relationship between the forestry industry development and the ecological environment in Heilongjiang Province from 2011 to 2018. The results show that the development of the forestry industry puts pressure on the ecological environment. At the same time, the environmental climate also imposes restrictions and constraints on the development of the forestry industry. The two promote, influence, and constrain each other. The development of the forestry industry was antagonistic, running in, coupled, and coordinated with the ecological environment in Heilongjiang Province from 2011 to 2018. However, there is still a particular gap in the level of coupling and coordination between the two, and they have yet to reach a state of good coordinated development. Therefore, Heilongjiang Province can promote the coordinated development of its forestry industry and the ecological environment through innovative forestry industry transformation models, policy-oriented rational development and utilization of forest resources, environmentally constrained clean production of the forestry industry, and complementary and shared development of the forestry industry and ecological environment.

To achieve the objective of high-quality development, an in-depth examination of the coupling coordination relationship between industrial green water and science and technology (S&T) innovation is essential. This study takes Chinese 30 provincial regions as specific examples and constructs the improved three-stage SBM-DEA model and entropy weight TOPSIS model to assess industrial green water efficiency and the level of S&T innovation during 2009–2021. Based on this, the coupling coordination model is applied to investigate the coupling coordination degree of industrial green water efficiency and S&T innovation, as well as the characteristics of the spatio-temporal distributions. Finally, we utilize a spatial autocorrelation model to reveal the spatial clustering characteristics of the coordination degree of the two. The findings indicate that: (1) The results of the evaluation of industrial green water efficiency and the level of S&T innovation show that the development of each province is not balanced, and the performance of the eastern coastal region is more prominent. (2) China's overall coupling coordination degree is rising steadily and moving from primary coordination into the good coordination stage. Most provinces are in the primary coordination and good coordination stages. Qinghai remains in the low coordination stage throughout the study period. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Guangdong enter the high coordination stage. (3) The spatial distribution of the coupling coordination level of the two systems shows a pattern of high in the east and low in the west, with a positive spillover effect on the spatial adjacency. The high-high coupling coordination degree area exhibits a tendency to shift towards the central region. This paper provides a scientific basis for analyzing the coupling coordination degree and spatio-temporal differences between industrial green water efficiency and S&T innovation.

Guided by the new development concept, this paper constructed an indicator system for the high-quality development of the marine economy, selected the data of coastal areas in China from 2007 to 2019, and analyzed the coupling coordination degree and regional differences of the high-quality development of the marine economy in China with the entropy method, coupling coordination degree and Dagum Gini coefficient method. The results showed that the development level of the five dimensions of the high-quality development of China's marine economy showed an upward trend, but there was a large room for improvement. The high-quality development of China's marine economy had gone through two stages including near imbalance and barely coordinated. The coupling coordination degree of high-quality development of the marine economy had the largest difference in 2007, and had shown a downward trend since then. The southern marine economic area and the difference between the southern marine economic area and the northern was the main reason for the difference of coupling coordination degree. According to the research conclusions, the corresponding suggestions were put forward to improve the coupling coordination degree of high-quality development of China's marine economy.