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This paper presents an overview of a process of optimizing concrete mixture for tall buildings, culminating in the design of the Iconic Tower, the key component of the Central Business District of the New Administrative Capital of Egypt. The structural behavior of 76 high-rise towers was compiled and analyzed. A relationship was established between the total concrete thickness for both horizontal and vertical elements and the tower height. The formulae can be used to estimate the total concrete cost of the towers at preliminary and concept stages with sufficient accuracy. The across-wind accelerations for different towers were calculated as per National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) 2005 requirements and compared to measured wind tunnel accelerations. The results showed that code provisions overestimated the measured accelerations by around 60 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Efficiency of GFRP bars in soft-eyes under different load conditions. • Developing design methodology for GFRP RC soft-eyes under different load conditions. • Case study and field applications of GFRP RC soft-eyes. The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-reinforced concrete (RC) soft-eyes in tunnel constructions has been gaining noticeable popularity as a successful and practical application of the non-corrosive FRP reinforcement. This unique use of FRP bars takes advantage of their anisotropic property, meaning they are strong along the main axis but can be machined, abraded away, or consumed by tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Consequently, the research program herein offers an inclusive experimental database followed by a detailed theoretical analysis and design provisions for FRP-RC soft-eyes subjected to either axial, flexural, combined axial and flexural loads, or shear stresses. The experimental evidence from our study accentuated the feasibility of FRP reinforcement to maintain strength and stability of FRP-RC elements against all various applied loads. In addition, this paper provides a summary of three field applications of FRP-RC soft-eyes in tunnel constructions located in Canada, highlighting the details of FRP reinforcement, material characteristics, project location, design considerations, and construction methods. The significant field experience herein demonstrated that no major problems or any unanticipated performance-associated troubles were monitored during the construction and service phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]