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The International Sirius Mathematics Center, located on the Black Sea coast, was founded in 2019 by the Talent and Success Foundation for organizing mathematical conferences and other events promoting the development of mathematics in Russia. In 2024, the Center has acquired its own Russian-language journal for publication of original research papers by participants of conferences held at the Center. The authors are invited to submit papers to the journal at https://ef.msp.org/submit/sirius [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This (recently republished) book presents an anthropological study of the Scottish fishing community residing in Ferryden and the impacts of their wider social setting. Jane Nadel-Klein, the author, has eloquently woven together her twenty-five years of anthropological studies with a wide body of literature and disciplines spanning many decades, incorporating a breadth of material culture that illuminates topics and brings the themes of the book alive. The narrative takes the reader through time, studying the origins of fishing in the Scottish economy through to the processes of modernisation and globalisation that marginalised fishing-folk and ultimately ended their way of life in Ferryden. The intention of this publication was to bring the voices of fishing-folk to a wider public, such as academics, policy-makers, and those generally interested in fishing culture, rural and heritage studies. To her credit, Nadel-Klein manages to do that in a way that is accessible to all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New satellite-based techniques open up new horizons to researchers and local communities. Concurrently, however, requirements and expectations with regard to satel-lite-based remote sensing products are increasingly higher. By relying on satellite-derived information, environmental observations can cover areas of a few to several metres resolution. Here we are dealing with free-of-charge and generally available sources of satellite-based information. The Piaśnica River mouth area was selected as an observation site representing a highly dynamic morphological transect. The paper compares products of cloud cover detection, supplied with data and available in the Copernicus database for a local area in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. The absolute difference did not exceed 5%, which confirms a high efficiency of the solutions offered. More than 96% of the clouded area determined for the Sentinel-2/MSI (Multispectral Instrument) was correctly identified when compared with supervised observations. The rate was lower (92%) for the Sentinel-3/OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument). It was eventually concluded that, at the local level, successful observations can be conducted using the cloud cover map supplied with the satellite data. At the same time, the analyses presented do not rule out further efforts to, e.g., increase the accuracy and speed of the analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The socioeconomics of the Anthropocene is exposing coastal regions to multiple pressures, including climate change hazards, resource degradation, urban development and inequality. Tourism is often raised as either a panacea to, or exacerbator of, such threats to ecosystems and sustainable livelihoods. To better understand the impacts of tourism on coastal areas, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for the top 100 cited papers on coastal tourism. Web of Science suggested 'highly cited' papers were also included to allow for more recent high-impact papers. Of the papers retrieved, 44 focused on the impacts of tourism. Social/cultural and environmental impacts were viewed as mostly negative, while economic impacts were viewed as mostly positive but only of actual benefit to a few. In addition, when compared with recent whole-of-sector reviews and reports it was evident that coastal tourism is increasingly a global enterprise dominated by large corporations that leverage various interests across local to transnational scales. Through this global enterprise, even the positive economic benefits identified were overshadowed by a broader system of land and property development fuelling local wealth inequity and furthering the interests of offshore beneficiaries. Only two highly cited papers discussed tourism within a broader context of integrated coastal zone management, suggesting that tourism is mostly assessed as a discrete sector within the coastal zone and peripheral to other coastal management considerations or the global tourism sector as a whole. The findings have relevance to the holistic management of coasts, coastal tourism and the achievement of sustainable development goals in a way that considers the increasing threats from coastal hazards, resource extraction and urbanisation, as well as the pervasive impacts of international business systems from local to global scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Amalfi Coast represents a unicum in which the complexity is due to the coexistence of natural singularities and multiple traces resulting from the adaptation made by man to the harsh orography and to the scarcity of resources. Included in the World Heritage List in 1997, the area of the UNESCO perimeter is placed at the centre of the programmatic guidelines of the Management Plan which articulates the objectives around the themes of knowledge, protection, conservation, enhancement, and communication of (and for) coastal cultural heritage. Given these premises, the contribution aims to present a critical balance between the prospects for intervention and the operations concretely defined for the conservation of the cultural landscape of the Amalfi Coast, paying attention to the fate of the proto-industrial heritage (paper mills, ironworks, mills, and hydraulic works), largely abandoned and which requires targeted strategies for the recognition of specificities and the mitigation of intrinsic vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editors of I Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management i and the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) are pleased to announce the selection of Best Papers Published in 2022. BEST PAPER OF THE YEAR 2022 Design, production, and validation of the biological and structural performance of an ecologically engineered concrete block mattress: A nature-inclusive design for shoreline and offshore construction. In their article, Sella and colleagues developed and tested novel concrete blocks for their capabilities as habitat and as coastal structures. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a discussion of the original paper titled "Coastal Defense Megaprojects in an Era of Sea-Level Rise: Politically Feasible Strategies or Army Corps Fantasies?" by D. J. Rasmussen, Robert E. Kopp, and Michael Oppenheimer. The authors review coastal defense megaprojects with storm surge barriers in the United States and discuss their feasibility. They compare the findings of the original paper with experiences from the implementation of coastal megaprojects in the Netherlands and identify key factors crucial for their feasibility and realization. The document concludes that coastal megaprojects with barriers are feasible and will be needed for future coastal protection and adaptation. [Extracted from the article]

Coasts are highly dynamic and geomorphologic complex systems that evolve under the increasing pressure of climate change and anthropogenic activities, having direct or indirect impacts on the coastal environment. Among the major adverse effects, coastal erosion represents one of the most pressing global issues, especially in flat and low-lying coastal areas that appear to be particularly susceptible to beach erosion and related shoreline retreat. This Special Issue collects a set of twelve papers on "Shoreline Dynamics and Beach Erosion". Of course, this collection of papers does not cover all the broad number of topics concerning the dynamics and spatial-temporal evolution of shorelines and beach systems, but, in our opinion, they contribute to the growing body of knowledge. Coastal systems of variable complexity located in different geographic and climatic contexts are investigated from various points of view by using multi- and interdisciplinary approaches, as well as new experimental ones. The major topics covered concern the morphodynamics and hydrodynamics of coastal systems, the driving factors of coastal erosion, and the use of models/indexes to study coastal vulnerability and the mitigation of human/natural pressures affecting coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1971, remote sensing techniques have been used to map and monitor phenomena and parameters of the coastal zone. However, updated reviews have only considered one phenomenon, parameter, remote data source, platform, or geographic region. No review has offered an updated overview of coastal phenomena and parameters that can be accurately mapped and monitored with remote data. This systematic review was performed to achieve this purpose. A total of 15,141 papers published from January 2021 to June 2023 were identified. The 1475 most cited papers were screened, and 502 eligible papers were included. The Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched using all possible combinations between two groups of keywords: all geographical names in coastal areas and all remote data and platforms. The systematic review demonstrated that, to date, many coastal phenomena (103) and parameters (39) can be mapped and monitored using remote data (e.g., coastline and land use and land cover changes, climate change, and coastal urban sprawl). Moreover, the authors validated 91% of the retrieved parameters, retrieved from remote data 39 parameters that were mapped or monitored 1158 times (88% of the parameters were combined together with other parameters), monitored 75% of the parameters over time, and retrieved 69% of the parameters from several remote data and compared the results with each other and with available products. They obtained 48% of the parameters using different methods, and their results were compared with each other and with available products. They combined 17% of the parameters that were retrieved with GIS and model techniques. In conclusion, the authors addressed the requirements needed to more effectively analyze coastal phenomena and parameters employing integrated approaches: they retrieved the parameters from different remote data, merged different data and parameters, compared different methods, and combined different techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pan Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) is the only political party in Malaysia that bears the name of Islam in Malaysia. PAS's performance in every election is seen to fluctuate in every election and often comes out the political party's alliance. GE-14 (2018) sees PAS stand alone against BN and Pakatan Harapan (PH) using the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) logo. As a result PAS remains in power in Kelantan, capturing Terengganu from the BN but is not widely accepted in the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze the performance and acceptability of PAS voters in the GE-14 in the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca. Based on the analysis of the 2018 General Elections data, field observations and secondary sources such as journal articles and conference papers, the study shows that PAS is difficult to gain strong support from voters in the West Coast due to voters' uncertainty over PAS's ability by taking the example of the PAS government in Kelantan causing the people of the country to continue to suffer from poverty and poor infrastructure. PAS also failed to get good support from non-Malay voters/non-Muslims because the party is seen as too extreme and less emphasis on the welfare of non-Muslims. The implication of this article is that in order to gain the support of voters in the West Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia, PAS needs to adapt its struggle and campaign strategies to simplify, showcase leadership that is beneficial to the welfare of the people and more inclusive to all races and religions throughout Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this reply to the discussion of our paper (Kumar et al. in Nat Hazards 116:2437–2455, 2023), we attempt to rebut the claims made regarding the use of the maximum sustained wind speed of a cyclone event irrespective of its location, inappropriate implementation of fitting methods, and inconsistent use of future projected sea surface temperature to historical records. While the discussion highlights certain observations about our results, the application of such techniques for evaluating PMTC parameters (adhering to AERB criteria) requires further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically solid waste was commonly landfilled in the coastal zone in sites with limited engineering to isolate waste from adjacent coastal environments. Climate change is increasing the likelihood that these historic coastal landfills will erode releasing solid waste to the coastal zone. Historic coastal landfills are frequently located near designated ecological sites; yet, there is little understanding of the environmental risk posed by released waste. This research investigated inorganic and organic contaminant concentrations in a range of solid waste materials excavated from two historic coastal landfills, and the potential ecological impact should eroded waste be released to the coastal environment. Contaminant concentrations in the analysed waste materials exceeded sediment quality guidelines, indicating erosion of historic coastal landfills may pose a significant environmental threat. Paper and textile wastes were found to make a significant contribution to the total contaminant load, suggesting risk assessments should consider a wide range of solid waste materials. • Climate change may increase the risk of historic waste eroding into the coastal zone. • Contaminant concentrations are highly variable between and within historic landfills. • Release of solid waste would have significant ecological impact. • Release of textiles, paper and wood may all present significant contamination risk. • A screening risk assessment method needs to be developed to prioritise management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MET Norway Ice Service (NIS) celebrated its fiftieth year as a formal operational sea ice information provider in 2020. Prior to the 1970's, support to navigation had started off with ad-hoc observations from coastal stations on Svalbard in the 1930's, before developing as a research programme in the 1960's. Activity in the region has steadily increased, and now the NIS also supports a large number of research, tourist, and resource exploration vessels, in addition to the ice chart archive being a resource for climate change research. The Ice Service has always been at the forefront in the use of satellite Earth Observation technologies, beginning with the routine use of optical thermal infrared imagery from NASA TIROS and becoming a large user of Canadian RADARSAT-2 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and then European Copernicus Sentinel-1, in the 2000's and 2010's. Initially ice charts were a weekly compilation of ice information using cloud-free satellite coverage, aerial reconnaissance, and in situ observations, drawn on paper at the offices of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway) in Oslo. From 1997 production moved to the Tromsø office using computer-based Geographical Information System (GIS) software and the NIS developed the ice charting system Bifrost. This allowed the frequency of production to be increased to every weekday, with a greater focus on detailed sea ice concentrations along the ice edge and coastal zones in Eastern Greenland and in the Svalbard fjords. From 2010, the NIS has also provided a weekly austral summer ice chart for the Weddell Sea and Antarctic Peninsula. To further develop its capabilities, NIS engages in a number of national and international research projects and led the EU Horizon 2020 project, Key Environmental monitoring for Polar Latitudes and European Readiness (KEPLER). This paper summarises the overall mandate and history of the NIS, and its current activities including the current state of routine production of operational ice charts at the NIS for maritime safety in both the Arctic and Antarctic, and future development plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic telemetry can provide valuable space-use data for a range of marine species. Yet the deployment of species-specific arrays over vast areas to gather data on highly migratory vertebrates poses formidable challenges, often rendering it impractical. To address this issue, we pioneered the use of acoustic telemetry on basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) to test the feasibility of using broadscale, multi-project acoustic receiver arrays to track the movements of this species of high conservation concern through the coastal waters of Ireland, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Throughout 2021 and 2022, we tagged 35 basking sharks with acoustic transmitters off the west coast of Ireland; 27 of these were detected by 96 receiver stations throughout the study area (n = 9 arrays) with up to 216 detections of an individual shark (mean = 84, s.d. 65). On average, sharks spent ~ 1 day at each acoustic array, with discrete residency periods of up to nine days. Twenty-one sharks were detected at multiple arrays with evidence of inter-annual site fidelity, with the same individuals returning to the same locations in Ireland and Scotland over 2 years. Eight pairs of sharks were detected within 24 h of each other at consecutive arrays, suggesting some level of social coordination and synchronised movement. These findings demonstrate how multi-project acoustic telemetry can support international, cost-effective monitoring of basking sharks and other highly mobile species. Decision support tools such as these can consolidate cross-border management strategies, but to achieve this goal, collaborative efforts across jurisdictions are necessary to establish the required infrastructure and secure ongoing support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangroves are ecosystems that grow in the intertidal areas of coastal zones, playing crucial ecological roles and possessing unique economic and social values. They have garnered significant attention and research interest. Semantic segmentation of mangroves is a fundamental step for further investigations. However, mangrove remote sensing images often have large dimensions, with a substantial portion of the image containing mangrove features. Deep learning convolutional kernels may lead to inadequate receptive fields for accurate mangrove recognition. In mangrove remote sensing images, various challenges arise, including the presence of small and intricate details aside from the mangrove regions, which intensify the segmentation complexity. To address these issues, this paper primarily focuses on two key aspects: first, the exploration of methods to achieve a large receptive field, and second, the fusion of multi-scale information. To this end, we propose the Multi-Scale Fusion Attention Network (MSFANet), which incorporates a multi-scale network structure with a large receptive field for feature fusion. We emphasize preserving spatial information by integrating spatial data across different scales, employing separable convolutions to reduce computational complexity. Additionally, we introduce an Attention Fusion Module (AFM). This module helps mitigate the influence of irrelevant information and enhances segmentation quality. To retain more semantic information, this paper introduces a dual channel approach for information extraction through the deep structure of ResNet. We fuse features using the Feature Fusion Module (FFM) to combine both semantic and spatial information for the final output, further enhancing segmentation accuracy. In this study, a total of 230 images with dimensions of 768 pixels in width and height were selected for this experiment, with 184 images used for training and 46 images for validation. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves excellent segmentation results on a small sample dataset of remote-sensing images, with significant practical value. This paper primarily focuses on three key aspects: the generation of mangrove datasets, the preprocessing of mangrove data, and the design and training of models. The primary contribution of this paper lies in the development of an effective approach for multi-scale information fusion and advanced feature preservation, providing a novel solution for mangrove remote sensing image segmentation tasks. The best Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) achieved on the mangrove dataset is 86%, surpassing other existing models by a significant margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable sea-level observations in coastal regions are needed to assess the impact of sea level on coastal communities and ecosystems. This paper evaluates the ability of in-situ and remote sensing instruments to monitor and help explain the mass component of sea level along the coast of Norway. The general agreement between three different GRACE/GRACE-FO mascon solutions and a combination of satellite altimetry and hydrography gives us confidence to explore the mass component of sea level in coastal areas on intra-annual timescales. At first, the estimates reveal a large spatial-scale coherence of the sea-level mass component on the shelf, which agrees with Ekman theory. Then, they suggest a link between the mass component of sea level and the along-slope wind stress integrated along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic, which agrees with the theory of poleward propagating coastal trapped waves. These results highlight the potential of the sea-level mass component from GRACE and GRACE-FO, satellite altimetry and the hydrographic stations over the Norwegian shelf. Moreover, they indicate that GRACE and GRACE-FO can be used to monitor and understand the intra-annual variability of the mass component of sea level in the coastal ocean, especially where in-situ measurements are sparse or absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marine economic development demonstration zone (MEDDZ) is the regional marine functional policy that assumes the significant tasks of innovation in the system and mechanism of the marine economy, optimization of the marine industrial structures, and the construction of marine ecological civilization. This paper constructs a panel database of 11 coastal provinces in China from 2006 to 2019, takes the Zhejiang Marine Economy Development Demonstration Zone Plan officially approved by the State Council of China in 2011 as a quasi-natural experiment, applies the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of implementation of the MEDDZ policy on marine industrial structure optimization in Zhejiang. The results show that: (1) The MEDDZ policy significantly promotes the structure optimization of the marine industry in Zhejiang and the existence of the policy lag phenomenon. (2) Based on the results of the robustness tests, we find that the fitted path of policy effects is better when the time of MEDDZ implementation is adjusted to 2012. (3) Government financial support and marine cargo capacity play a role in implementing the MEDDZ policy, positively affecting and optimizing the coastal marine industry's structure. Therefore, we make some suggestions from the perspectives of strengthening the policy implementation process, focusing on the policy lag phenomenon, and broadening funding sources, thus enriching theoretical research on policies in the field of the marine industry and providing practical references for the development of other coastal demonstration zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality is a technological development that, among others, has revolutionized Earth sciences. Its advantages include an opportunity to examine places otherwise difficult or impossible to access and it may also become an important component of education, fostering a better understanding of processes and landforms, geohazard awareness, and an appreciation of geoheritage. This paper reports on the GeoVT project, which aims to create a platform to build and disseminate Virtual Field Trips (VFTs) focused on geomorphology, natural hazards associated with geomorphological processes, and geoheritage sites. To put the GeoVT project in context, an overview of applications of VR in geosciences is provided. This paper subsequently proceeds with a presentation of the project and the GeoVT Authoring application, which is an innovative platform designed to help teachers and students, followed by brief presentations of a number of VFTs developed within the project. They address themes such as fluvial landforms and valley development, coastal landforms, evidence of past glaciation, coastal erosion, wildfire effects, mud volcanoes, and landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to forecasting hydro–meteorological changes in a marine area, i.e., in large bodies of water, from open water to coastal zones. First, hydro–meteorological factors, their interactions, and their implications for marine ecosystems are described. In addition, an analysis is outlined specifically for the Baltic Sea area. Next, the procedure for forecasting expected changes in major hydro–meteorological parameters in the sea is presented and a series of steps is accurately described. An extensive prognosis is provided for the southern Baltic Sea region using historical data obtained from the Polish National Institute of Water Management and Meteorology. The procedure is applied for seven measurement points which were assigned to four sub-areas for examining trends in wind regimes and wave height patterns using the authors' own written software and statistical methods for data analysis. The model was validated within the southern Baltic Sea region. This paper also highlights the significance of forecasting for human beings, the environment, and critical infrastructure by proposing adaptive strategies and integrated coastal zone management in mitigating risks and enhancing resilience. Finally, future directions for research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid-twentieth century, growing North American textile and ready-to-wear industries vigorously appropriated Native American aesthetics to cultivate a commercial and design identity apart from Europe. Most studies of the circulation of Indigenous idioms in these industries focus on Southwestern or South Pacific regionalisms, and scholarship on studio and commercial fabric and fashion design from the Northwest Coast in the twentieth century is limited. This paper contributes by raising Indigenous and non-Indigenous use of Northwest Coast design forms during the politically turbulent 1940s–1960s and analyzing the impact of this aesthetic vocabulary within broader North American textiles and fashion. Throughout, I engage with the approaches of critical fashion theory and multiple modernisms, considering the frictions of property and power relations within settler-colonial states, then and now. Drawing from study of objects, periodicals, and archival materials as well as first-person perspectives, I contextualize these representations within entangled art, museum, and design worlds in the Northwest Coast, New York City, and the Southwest. My examination illustrates that Northwest Coast artists and art ideas asserted a peripheral but locatable role in mid-century textiles and fashion, facilitating the development of today's robust Indigenous fashion network on the Northwest Coast and its cultural politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the utilization of sea mineral resources in areas within national jurisdiction and in the international seabed area (hereafter known as the Area). It discusses Indonesian laws relevant to seabed mining and the need for such laws to take into consideration the maritime zones and activities in the Area, as stipulated by UNCLOS 1982. This paper begins with the identification of potential sea minerals both within national jurisdiction and in the Area. Next, it analyzes the international legal framework on seabed mining, including a discussion on the meaning of "legitimate interests of coastal States" and on the participation of developing states in the Area, as stipulated in Article 142 and 148 of UNCLOS 1982. Then, the national legal framework relating to seabed mining is discussed. Using the juridical-normative method, this paper finds that Indonesia does not currently have comprehensive national regulations covering seabed mining within its jurisdiction and in the Area. Although there is a presidential decree on the exploitation of sea sand, it is limited to institutional arrangements and only focuses on sea sand. Thus, this paper recommends the formulation of national regulations regarding the use of the seabed, both within and beyond national jurisdiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A twin numerical experiment was conducted in the seas of Sardinia (Western Mediterranean) to assess the impact, at coastal scales, of the use of relative winds (i.e. taking into account ocean surface currents) in the computation of heat and momentum fluxes through bulk formulas. The model, the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), was implemented at 2 km of resolution in order to well resolve (sub-)mesoscale dynamics. Small changes (1-2%) in terms of spatially-averaged fluxes correspond to quite large spatial differences of such quantities (up to 15-20%) and to comparably significant differences in terms of mean velocities of the surface currents. Wind power input of the wind stress to the ocean surface P results also reduced by a 15%, especially where surface currents are stronger. Quantitative validation with satellite SST suggests that such a modification on the fluxes improves the model solution especially in areas of cyclonic circulation, where the heat fluxes correction is predominant in respect to the dynamical correction. Sur- face currents changes above all in their fluctuating part, while the stable part of the flow show changes mainly in magnitude and less in its path. Both total and eddy kinetic energies of the surface current field results reduced in the experiment where fluxes took into account for surface currents. Dynamically, the largest correction is observed in the SW area where anticyclonic eddies approach the continental slope. This reduction also impacts the vertical dynamics and specifically the local upwelling that results diminished both in spatial extension as well in magnitude. Simulations suggest that, even at local scales and in temperate regions, it is prefer- able to take into account for such a component in fluxes computation. Results also confirm the tight relationship between local coastal upwelling and eddy-slope interactions in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are transforming the coastal and marine tourism environment at an ever-increasing rate. Concurrently, the multiple amenities and natural resources of coastal zones and the reality of population growth contribute to omnipresent tourism user conflicts. This results in social, wicked, and super wicked problems that are value infused, difficult to frame, and seemingly intractable. In response, scientists and other experts are encouraged to engage in use-inspired research. Further, they are advised to reconsider the basic applied science dichotomy and to make policy contributions in the role of the honest broker. Articles from the 8th International Congress on Coastal and Marine Tourism are introduced that deal with tsunami vulnerability (Thailand), wreck diving (Australia/Micronesia), national forest planning (Gulf of Alaska), cruise industry research, aquatic safety (Australia), surfing expansion (South Africa), stakeholder relations (Zanzibar, Tanzania), and kiteboarding (the Netherlands). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do climate risk beliefs affect coastal housing markets? This paper provides theoretical and empirical evidence. First, we build a dynamic housing market model and show that belief heterogeneity can reconcile prior mixed evidence on flood risk capitalization. Second, we implement a door-to-door survey in Rhode Island, finding significant flood risk underestimation and sorting based on risk perceptions and amenity values. Third, we estimate that coastal prices exceed fundamentals by 6 |$\%$| -13 |$\%$| in our benchmark area, with potentially higher overvaluation in other locations. Finally, we quantify both allocative inefficiency and distributional consequences arising from flood risk misperceptions and insurance policy reform. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix , which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies discuss the economic and technical aspects of flood warnings. Less attention has been given to the social and psychological patterns that affect alert services. In particular, the literature focuses on warnings activated in river basins or marine environments without providing clear evidence of relevance to Mediterranean coastal areas, even though these are subjected to growing flood risk related to climate change. This paper is a first attempt to bridge this gap. Our research develops an in- depth analysis of the village of Cesenatico on the Adriatic Sea coast. Here the municipality adopted two complementary warning systems: a siren and an alert via Short Message Service (SMS). The analysis focuses on a survey conducted in 2011 and 2012 with 228 participants. The relationships between social and behavioural variables and warning services are investigated, and so are flood preparedness and information dissemination. Qualitative evidence from informal interviews is used to support the understanding of key responses. The conclusions show how different social and behavioural patterns can influence the effectiveness and use of warning systems, regardless of the technology adopted and the structural mitigation measures implemented. Education, training and accountability are seen to be critical elements for improvement. Finally, the statistical output is used to suggest new questions and new directions for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In recent decades, the concept of ribāṭ and its practice have been the subject of intense debate. Recent summary papers on the eastern Mediterranean, Ifrīqiya, al-Maghrib al-Aqṣà, and al-Andalus, among others, have made it possible to compare different realities that express strong links with their local historical contexts. In this paper, we present the results of a new study that analyses the specific case of Northern Sharq al-Andalus, where the practice and institutionalisation of ribāṭ took shape from the early 9th century. There are three elements that lead us to corroborate this hypothesis: the documented presence of numerous individuals and groups voluntarily involved in the active and passive defence of the furthermost frontier of al-Andalus; the confirmation of a construction programme with homogeneous characteristics aimed at building fortified enclosures along the coast, and, lastly, the founding, in the early 9th century, of the Ribāṭ Kashkī centre at the mouth of the Ebro, a building were these practices would become centralised. In conclusion, we propose a much more complex scenario than that proposed previously, which enables us to characterise local forms of armed spirituality and sacralisation of the land that globally enriches the historical reading of ribāṭ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds on the history of the first 50 years of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society (as reported by E. O. Essig in 1951). Discussions and summaries of the Society's bylaws, officers, members, meetings, publications, finances, and other items of note from 1952 to 2022 are included, as well as some corrections to the earlier paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considered the groundwater head fluctuation induced by tide and pumping in the coastal multi-layered aquifer system. The multi-layered aquifer system comprises an unconfined aquifer, an upper confined aquifer, and a lower confined aquifer. An aquiclude exists between each two aquifers. All the layers terminate at the coastline. The new analytical solutions describing groundwater head variation in the coastal multi-confined aquifer system are derived. Superposition principle and image methods are used for the derivation of the analytical solutions. Analytical solutions of different situations of without considering pumping, of without considering tidal effect, and of N-layered confined aquifers are also derived. The impacts of the parameters of the initial phase shift of tide, pumping rate, position of the pumping well, storage coefficient, and transmissivity on the groundwater head fluctuation are discussed. The analytical solutions are applied with application examples in fitting field observations and parameter estimations. The estimated values of the hydraulic conductivities in the upper and lower confined aquifers are within the range of the values obtained from the field experiments. The fitted results of the analytical solutions capture the main characteristics of groundwater head fluctuation affected by the tide and groundwater pumping. The study of groundwater head fluctuation in the coastal zone is helpful to understand the mechanism of seawater intrusion under the influence of tide and groundwater pumping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the potential of using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches for classification of Landsat satellite imagery for environmental coastal mapping. The aim is to identify changes in patterns of land cover types in a coastal area around Cheetham Wetlands, Port Phillip Bay, Australia. The scripting approach of the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) geographic information system (GIS) uses AI-based methods of image analysis to accurately discriminate land cover types. Four ML algorithms are applied, tested and compared for supervised classification. Technical approaches are based on using the 'r.learn.train' module, which employs the scikit-learn library of Python. The methodology includes the following algorithms: (1) random forest (RF), (2) support vector machine (SVM), (3) an ANN-based approach using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier, and (4) a decision tree classifier (DTC). The tested methods using AI demonstrated robust results for image classification, with the highest overall accuracy exceeding 98% and reached by the SVM and RF models. The presented scripting approach for GRASS GIS accurately detected changes in land cover types in southern Victoria over the period of 2013–2024. From our findings, the use of AI and ML algorithms offers effective solutions for coastal monitoring by analysis of change detection using multi-temporal RS data. The demonstrated methods have potential applications in coastal and wetland monitoring, environmental analysis and urban planning based on Earth observation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) proposed the very high frequency data exchange system (VDES) to improve the efficiency of ship–ship and ship–shore communication; however, its existing single-hop transmission mode is insufficient for identifying all ships within a coastal zone. This paper proposes an adaptive cooperative ship identification method based on the VDES using multihop transmission, where the coastal zone is divided into a grid, with the ships acting as nodes, and the optimal sink and relay nodes are calculated for each grid element. An adaptive multipath transmission protocol is then applied to improve the transmission efficiency and stability of the links between the nodes. Simulations were performed utilizing real Automatic Identification System (AIS) data from a coastal zone, and the results showed that the proposed method effectively reduced the time-slot occupancy and collision rate while achieving a 100% identification of ships within 120 nautical miles (nm) of the coast with only 4.8% of the usual communication resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper documents the occurrence of the genus Umbilicaria in the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region of the Graham Coast in the maritime Antarctic. The presence of seven Umbilicaria species (U. africana, U. antarctica, U. aprina, U. decussata, U. kappenii, U. nylanderiana and U. umbilicarioides) in the ice-free areas of the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region were confirmed. The species of U. africana and U. aprina are documented from the studied region for the first time. This study moves the southern distribution limit of U. africana about 300 km to the south: to the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region. The distribution maps of Umbilicaria species for the studied region and maritime Antarctica are prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty years after democracy in South Africa, the legacy of apartheid continues to affect Black and Brown1 bodies by excluding them from the ocean and other spaces through the legacies of racist laws which continue to bleed into the present. In this paper, I argue that strandlooping as a method of enquiry is key to understanding care for our hydrocommons. This methodology can also be considered to be a generative way of re-imagining and practicing higher education research and gender studies differently. Strandlooping as a lone, Brown woman along certain stretches of the coastline is unsafe, and this influences the way I work and whom I choose to walk with. I make use of African feminism, Indigenous knowledge and research-creation frameworks in the paper to enact theory-practice-praxis in creative and relational ways. The paper concludes with three suggested watermarks or propositions for strandlooping to encourage knowledge-making with humans and more-than-human entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new approach for delineating river coastlines in RGB close-range nadir aerial imagery acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), aimed at facilitating waterline detection through the reduction of the dimensions of a colour space and the use of coarse grids rather than pixels. Since water has uniform brightness, expressed as the value (V) component in the hue, saturation, value (HSV) colour model, the reduction in question is attained by extracting V and investigating its histogram to identify areas where V does not vary considerably. A set of 30 nadir UAV-acquired photos, taken at five different locations in Poland, were used to validate the approach. For 67% of all analysed images (both wide and narrow rivers were photographed), the detection rate was above 50% (with the false hit rate ranged between 5.00% and 61.36%, mean 36.62%). When the analysis was limited to wide rivers, the percentage of images in which detection rate exceeded 50% increased to 80%, and the false hit rates remained similar. Apart from the river width, land cover in the vicinity of the river, as well as uniformity of water colour, were found to be factors which influence the waterline detection performance. Our contribution to the existing knowledge is a rough waterline detection approach based on limited information (only the V band, and grids rather than pixels). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aimed to assess the sediment distribution pattern, mode of transport, and its interaction with hydrodynamic and topographic conditions at different depths and regions along the east coast of India. About 900 surficial sediment samples were collected and analysed on a monthly basis for the Chennai coastal region at 32 stations from 2013 to 2015. The study region is classified into four types, such as beach, inlet, 5 m, and 10 m depth. Sediment textural and grain size trend analyses were conducted to achieve the objectives. Sediment characteristics for the region were recorded as sandy, equally dominated by unimodal and bimodal at the beach, while unimodal at shallow depths (5 and 15 m). The sediments were medium sand to coarse sand at the beach, mostly fine followed by medium at 5 and 15 m depths. The sediment sorting is dominated by moderately well-sorted sediments; the skewness of beach sediments was negative, while nearshore sediments were found positive; average kurtosis values of sediments were noticed to be mesokurtic. The CM plot depicts that the sediments were mostly derived by tractive current, and the modes of transport are "bottom suspension and rolling" and "graded suspension no rolling" at beach locations and shallow water depths, respectively. The GSTA analysis reveals the annual average sediment transport pattern is northerly. The numerical hydrodynamic study confirms the GSTA and CM plot analysis. The study reveals a stable sedimentary environment south of the Chennai port and instability in the northern part. The study includes large spatiotemporal nearshore sediment data with hydrodynamic conditions, immensely helpful to coastal stakeholders and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid‐19 lockdown in India in March 2020 revealed the presence of Adivasi communities in the marine fishing industry of Goa, a coastal state in India. While the migration for work of Adivasi communities from the central regions of the country is well recorded, their movement across geographies of the forest and the coast is relatively unknown. Working with initial data collected during the lockdown, interviews conducted after the pandemic and using secondary materials, the paper sought to understand the social and material conditions in the forest and the coastal regions that shape this movement. Centring the waged relation of Adivasi workers opened the door to thinking about the marine fishing sector in India as a capitalist industry, while paying attention to social reproduction highlighted how the coastal and forest regions are spatially linked through their movement and labour. This highlights that the coasts and forests are going through distinct processes of capitalist intensification and expansion. Making connections between ecological appropriation, historical processes of resource extraction and marginalization, the paper finds that the extraction of fish resources in Goa is made productive through the hierarchization and differentiation of Adivasi workers. It reveals how the social relations of identity and caste mediate access to and define conditions of work at sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yang, S.M. and Lee, J.K., 2024. Evaluating the geoengineering performance of a gravity multiblock quay wall and jet-grouting on marine clayey soils along the Korean coastline. Journal of Coastal Research, 40(4), 672–682. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Jet-grouting has been widely used as a ground improvement method in several fields of geoengineering, but most of the case studies have focused on embankments and excavations. This paper describes the performance of a gravity block-type quay wall in the southwest coast of Korea where the underlying soft clayey soils were improved by jet-grout columns. The scheme and properties of jet-grouting and the construction history and measured behavior of the wall-soil system are presented. A finite element analysis was conducted to estimate the settlement, lateral displacement, and horizontal earth pressure of the quay wall. The computed results compare well with the field data during and after construction. The effect of area replacement ratio, quantifying the degree of ground improvement, on the response of the quay walls was also investigated. The field and numerical results show that the jet-grout columns enhanced the performance of the block-type quay wall over soft soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intricate interplay of oceanic-atmospheric variations has intensified erosive processes on sandy beaches in recent decades, with climate change expected to exacerbate these impacts in the future. Projections for the southern Atlantic and Pacific regions of continental Latin America predict increased extreme events and heightened impacts on sandy beaches, highlighting disparities in studies addressing coastal erosion and its causes. To address these risks, a systematic review is proposed to analyze historical trends and projections, aiming to inform local-level studies and management strategies for at-risk coastal communities. Reviewing 130 research papers, insights reveal the influence of climatic events like El Niño and La Niña on coastal dynamics, as well as the effects of storm intensification and extreme events such as high-intensity waves and storm surges on Latin American coasts, resulting in ecosystem, economic, and infrastructure losses. Projections indicate a rise in the population inhabiting Low Elevation Coastal Zones (LECZ) by the century's end, emphasizing the urgent need for effective management and planning. Community engagement in erosion monitoring and adaptation programs is crucial for addressing these challenges and developing robust, sustainable, long-term adaptation strategies. This study aims to enhance the understanding of coastal erosion in Latin American communities addressing future coastal risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic shifts in shorelines due to erosion and deposition have become a significant challenge in coastal zone management, particularly in the context of climate change and rising sea levels. This paper evaluates the shoreline protection and efficiency of various wave-reducing breakwaters in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The delta exemplifies the coastal erosion issue faced by deltas worldwide. Landsat satellite images were used to establish a coastal development map for the period 2000 to 2022. The wave data in front and behind the breakwaters were analyzed to assess the wave reduction efficiency of various breakwater structures. Our results reveal that coastal erosion is deeply concerning, with almost 40% of the coastline experiencing severe erosion. Hotspot areas have been observed to reach annual erosion rates of nearly 95 m per year. The majority of provinces have adopted protective measures, with 68% of affected shorelines protected to some degree. Our results show breakwaters to be highly effective in reducing wave height, with a 62% reduction in waves reaching the shore. The process of creating offset has taken place in the area from the breakwater back to the mainland, with the rate of increase in compensation also quite fast at up to 3.1 cm/month. The stability of the pile–rock is very high; however, it is necessary to add rock to compensate for the settlement of the rock part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal zones experience increasing climatic and human pressures, which lead to growing risks and tipping points (TPs) under future scenarios and natural resource scarcity. To avoid crossing TPs with irreversible coastal losses, this paper proposes the development of adaptation pathways based on advanced coastal oceanography and engineering knowledge that enables a comprehensive assessment of evolving coastal risks. These pathways feature sequential interventions steered by simulations and observations as a function of available coastal resources (mainly space and sediment) and risks for infrastructure and socioeconomic assets. Such an adaptation has been developed for urban and peri-urban Mediterranean beaches, considering conventional coastal engineering together with nature-based solutions (NbS). Both types of interventions are assessed in terms of key physical variables, which serve to evaluate performance and estimate TPs. This analysis supports the new coastal protection and management plan promoted by the regional government of Catalonia and the coastal adaptation plan of the central government of Spain. The approach and results illustrate the potential of adaptation pathways for beach sustainability, enhancing the compatibility between short-/long-term coastal protection objectives under present/future climate and management scenarios. The development of adaptation pathways underpins increasing stakeholder cooperation to achieve shared decisions for coastal sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oceanic upwelling velocities are too small to be measured directly. The surface disequilibrium of the ³He/4He ratio provides an indirect method to infer vertical velocities at the base of the mixed layer. Samples of helium isotopes were taken from two coastal upwelling regions, off Peru on cruise M91, and off Mauritania on 3 cruises. The helium- 3 flux into the mixed layer also depends on the diapycnal mixing. Direct observations of the vertical diffusivity have been performed on all 4 cruises and are also used in this study. The resulting upwelling velocities in the coastal regions vary between 1.1x10-5 and 2.8x10-5ms-1 for all cruises. Vertical velocities off the equator can also be inferred from the divergence of the wind driven Ekman transport. In the coastal regimes, the agreement between wind and helium derived upwelling is fairly good at least for the mean values. Further offshore, the helium derived upwelling still reaches 1x10-5ms-1, whereas the wind driven upwelling from Ekman suction is smaller by at least one order of magnitude. One reason for this difference might be eddy induced upwelling. Both advective and diffusive nutrient fluxes into the mixed layer are calculated based on the helium derived vertical velocities and the measured vertical diffusivities. The advective part of these fluxes makes up at least 50% of the total. The nutrient flux into the mixed layer in the coastal upwelling regimes is equivalent to a net community production (NCP) of 1.3gCm² d-1 off Peru and 1.6-1.9 gCm² d-1 off Mauritania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many field experiments have found high nitrous acid (HONO) mixing ratios in both urban and rural areas during daytime, but these high daytime HONO mixing ratios cannot be explained well by gas-phase production, suggesting that an unknown daytime HONO source (Punknown) could exist. The formula Punknown ≈ 19.60x NO2 x J(NO2) was obtained using observed data from 13 field experiments across the globe. The additional HONO sources (i.e. the Punknown, HONO emissions, and nighttime hydrolysis conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on aerosols) were coupled into the WRFChem model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) to assess the P unknown (hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, and organic peroxy) radicals (ROx) (= OH + HO2 + RO2) in the coastal regions of China. Results indicated that the additional HONO sources produced a significant improvement in HONO and OH simulations, particularly in the daytime. Elevated daytime-mean Punknown values were found in the coastal regions of China, with a maximum of 2.5 ppb h-1 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The Punknown produced a 60-250% increase of OH, HO2 and RO2 near the ground in the major cities of the coastal regions of China, and a 5-48% increase of OH, HO2 and RO2 in the daytime meridional-mean mixing ratios within 1000 m above the ground. When the additional HONO sources were included, the photolysis of HONO was dominated in the OH production rate in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou before 10:00 LST with a maximum of 10.01 [7.26 due to the Punknown] ppbh-1 in Beijing, whereas the reaction of HO2 + NO (nitric oxide) was dominated after 10:00 LST with a maximum of 9.38 [7.23] ppb h in Beijing. The whole ROx cycle was accelerated by the additional HONO sources, especially the Punknown. The OH production rate was enhanced by 0.67 [0.64] to 4.32 [3.86]ppbh-1 via the reaction of HO2 + NO, and by 0.85 [0.69] to 4.11 [3.61]ppbh-1 via the photolysis of HONO, and the OH loss rate was enhanced by 0.58 [0.55] to 2.03 [1.92] ppbh-1 via the reaction of OH + NO2 and by 0.31 [0.28] to 1.78 [1.64] ppb h - 1 via the reaction of OH + CO (carbon monoxide) in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Similarly, the additional HONO sources produced an increase of 0.31 [0.28] to 1.78 [1.64] ppbh- 1 via the reaction of OH + CO and 0.10 [0.09] to 0.63 [0.59] ppbh-1 via the reaction of CH3O2 (methylperoxy radical) + NO in the HO2 production rate, and 0.67 [0.61] to 4.32 [4.27]ppbh-1 via the reaction of HO2 + NO in the HO2 loss rate in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The above results suggest that the Punknown considerably enhanced the ROx concentrations and accelerated ROx cycles in the coastal regions of China, and could produce significant increases in concentrations of inorganic aerosols and secondary organic aerosols and further aggravate haze events in these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]