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Carbon capture and utilization technology is one of the medium‐term technology options to reduce CO2 emissions while producing value‐added fuels and chemical products. The integrated CO2 capture and hydrogenation process is an encouraging replacement to the conventional decoupled CO2 capture and hydrogenation process, which allows direct utilization of captured CO2 thus eliminating the energy‐intensive CO2 desorption and compression steps in the typical carbon capture and storage (CCS) process. The hydrogenation of captured CO2 in amine/alkali hydroxide solvents is the key step to attain the integrated CO2 capture and hydrogenation process. Considering the lack of timely review on the topic of hydrogenation of amine/alkali hydroxide solvent captured CO2 to formate in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts, a summary of such process with different capturing solvents and heterogeneous catalyst were critically summarized and briefly reviewed in the current paper. The main goal of this review is to provide fundamental insights and guidance for the future design of heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of captured CO2 in amine/alkali metal hydroxide‐based solvents. Future research directions to advance the process of hydrogenation of captured CO2 were also recommended. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among thousands of known metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), the University of Oslo's MOF (UiO‐66) exhibits unique structure topology, chemical and thermal stability, and intriguing tunable properties, that have gained incredible research interest. This paper summarizes the structural advancement of UiO‐66 and its role in CO2 capture, separation, and transformation into chemicals. The first part of the review summarizes the fast‐growing literature related to the CO2 capture reported by UiO‐66 during the past ten years. The second part provides an overview of various advancements in UiO‐66 membranes in CO2 purification. The third part describes the role of UiO‐66 and its composites as catalysts for CO2 conversion into useful products. Despite many achievements, significant challenges associated with UiO‐66 are addressed, and future perspectives are comprehensively presented to forecast how UiO‐66 might be used further for CO2 management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An updated review of sorption-enhanced process for biomass-based feedstocks. • Bi-functional materials for sorption enhanced process are discussed. • Strategies for enhancing the CO 2 adsorption capacity of adsorbents are proposed. • Potential of combining sorption-enhanced with other technologies is discussed. Hydrogen stands out as a highly promising clean fuel for the future, owing to its high energy density and zero carbon emissions during its utilization. Biomass, as a renewable energy source with zero carbon emissions, has the potential to replace traditional fossil fuels for hydrogen production, addressing environmental issues associated with burning fossil fuels. Among the various biomass fuel production techniques, steam reforming of biomass-based feedstocks efficiently produces hydrogen-containing gas. Nonetheless, this process does suffer from low gas calorific value and elevated CO 2 content. Consequently, a combination of sorption-enhanced and steam reforming technologies becomes crucial to maximize the use of biomass feedstocks for the production of hydrogen while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper provides an overview of recent research advancements in the sorption-enhanced steam reforming of biomass-derived feedstocks. The effects of raw materials, temperature, and steam ratio on CO 2 and H 2 yields within the product gas are described in detail. The paper also provides a specific discourse on the adsorbents and catalysts currently employed in the application of sorption-enhanced technology, particularly emphasizing bifunctional materials possessing both adsorptive and catalytic properties, as they are considered more promising. Furthermore, this paper offers forward-looking perspectives to guide efficient hydrogen production from biomass while reducing carbon emissions. It emphasizes the ongoing need for further advancements in the synthesis of bifunctional materials, characterized by higher adsorption capacity and long-term stability, for their use in sorption-enhanced hydrogen production from biomass-based feedstocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Al 2 O 3 ceramic membrane is modified to hydrophobicity by grafting 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. And its properties are characterized in detail. CO 2 capture performance of ceramic membrane is investigated by experiments. Results show that wetting resistance after modification is significantly improved, and contact angle increases from the initial 49.8–130.9°. However, hydrophobic modification has no significant effect on the crystalline phase, surface morphology and pore size distribution of the ceramic membrane. With ethanolamine (MEA) as absorbent, CO 2 mass transfer rate and capture efficiency using modified hydrophobic ceramic membrane are 46.6 × 10−3 mol/(m2·s) and 98.0%, showing significantly increase compared to the original membrane. After 72 h immersion in MEA solution, quality of ceramic membrane does not change significantly. And there is almost no change in average pore size. We believe this study will provide a reference for the industrial application for CO 2 capture by gas-liquid membrane contactor with ceramic membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen as clean energy carrier is expected to play a key role in future low-carbon energy systems. In this paper, we demonstrate a new technology for coupling fossil-fuel based hydrogen production with carbon capture and storage (CCS): the integration of CO2 capture and H2 purification in a single vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) cycle. An eight step VPSA cycle is tested in a two-column lab-pilot for a ternary CO2–H2–CH4 stream representative of shifted steam methane reformer (SMR) syngas, while using commercial zeolite 13X as adsorbent. The cycle can co-purify CO2 and H2, thus reaching H2 purities up to 99.96%, CO2 purities up to 98.9%, CO2 recoveries up to 94.3% and H2 recoveries up to 81%. The key decision variables for adjusting the separation performance to reach the required targets are the heavy purge (HP) duration, the feed duration, the evacuation pressure and the flow rate of the light purge (LP). In contrast to that, the separation performance is rather insensitive towards small changes in feed composition and in HP inlet composition. Comparing the experimental results with simulation results shows that the model for describing multi-component adsorption is critical in determining the predictive capabilities of the column model. Here, the real adsorbed solution theory (RAST) is necessary to describe all experiments well, whereas neither extended isotherms nor the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) can reproduce all effects observed experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Activated carbon is widely regarded as a potential CO2 adsorbent because of its special texture. Activated carbon captures CO2 mainly through physical adsorption due to the characteristics of surface structure and pore structure, which makes the adsorbent sensitive to temperature and relatively low in selectivity. In order to solve these problems, much effort has been made in new developments, including synthesis activated carbon‐based composites, which can not only improve its CO2 capture capacity and stability, but also improve its selectivity. This paper reviews the recent research focused on the activated carbon‐based composites using in postcombustion CO2 capture. The status and development of activated carbon‐based composites are presented in four parts as activated carbon/metal composite, activated carbon/zeolite composite, activated carbon/metal organic framework composite, and activated carbon/carbon material composite. The details of synthesis method, synthesis condition, modification method, and CO2 adsorption performance are introduced. Simultaneously, the characteristics, advantages, and potential challenges of the composites are also summarized. This work will provide important parameters in the applications of activated carbon‐based adsorbents for postcombustion CO2 capture and give suggestions on future research efforts. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regeneration reaction characteristics of the K2CO3/Al2O3 sorbent were investigated with a thermogravimetric apparatus. The effects of the gas composition and temperature on the regeneration conversion and reaction rate were analysed extensively. The results of the thermogravimetric experiment revealed that the regeneration characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 are better than those of pure K2CO3 and that temperature is the key parameter for the K2CO3/Al2O3 regeneration process. It was also observed that the regeneration process of K2CO3/Al2O3 occurred in three stages. As the regeneration temperature increased, regeneration occurred in the following sequence: KHCO3 on the external surface, KHCO3 on the internal surface and KAl (CO3)2(OH)2. The activation energy (E, kJ/mol) and pre‐index factor (A, min−1) of the three stages were 69.7, 73.8 and 84.5 and 1.36 × 107, 1.86 × 107 and 2.74 × 106, respectively. The reaction kinetic parameters were calculated by the thermal analysis method. A comprehensive model based on the Avrami–Erofeev reaction mechanism model was proposed for the regeneration process of K2CO3/Al2O3. The model data and test values agreed well, thereby establishing the model's accuracy. This paper provides fundamental data for further study on the capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas using potassium‐based sorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• One task for pyrolysis of plastic waste is non-existent markets for solid products. • Revision of CO 2 capture by activated carbons prepared from plastics was provided. • KOH is the most used agent for the activation with better CO 2 adsorption results. • PET plastic waste is a suitable precursor to produce efficient CO 2 adsorbents. • No studies were done with these activated carbons using a usual biogas composition. In circular economy, useful plastic materials are kept in circulation as opposed to being landfilled, incinerated, or leaked into the natural environment. Pyrolysis is a chemical recycling technique useful for unrecyclable plastic wastes that produce gas, liquid (oil), and solid (char) products. Although the pyrolysis technique has been extensively studied and there are several installations applying it on the industrial scale, no commercial applications for the solid product have been found yet. In this scenario, the use of plastic-based char for the biogas upgrading may be a sustainable way to transform the solid product of pyrolysis into a particularly beneficial material. This paper reviews the preparation and main parameters of the processes affecting the final textural properties of the plastic-based activated carbons. Moreover, the application of those materials for the CO 2 capture in the processes of biogas upgrading is largely discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polymeric membranes have been widely considered as one of the next-generation technologies for CO2 capture from fossil fuel-derived flue gases. This separation modality requires novel polymeric materials that possess efficient CO2/N2 separation properties, as well as chemical and mechanical stability for a multiyear membrane lifetime. In this paper, recent developments in polymeric membranes tailored for post-combustion carbon capture are reviewed. The selected polymeric materials encompass ether oxygen-rich polymers, polynorbornenes, ionic liquid membranes, and facilitated transport membranes. In each of the selected materials, noteworthy research efforts for material design and membrane formation are highlighted. The performances of the selected materials are compared in the CO2/N2 selectivity-CO2 permeance plot. As the only class of materials reviewed herein that have demonstrated the fabrication of thin-film composite membranes in scale, facilitated transport membranes have shown both high selectivity and permeance at relevant conditions for post-combustion carbon capture. However, comprehensive field tests are needed to resolve the technical gap between the material development and the commercial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, the International CCS Knowledge Centre (CCS Knowledge Centre) conducted a feasibility study with SaskPower to determine if a business case could be made for a postcombustion, carbon capture retrofit of SaskPower's Shand Power station, a 305‐MW, single‐unit, lignite coal‐fired power station located near Estevan, Saskatchewan. Specifically, Mitsubishi heavy industries' KM CDR technology was evaluated for this study. While no decision has been made, should SaskPower decide to proceed, the Shand carbon capture and storage (CCS) project would produce the second, full‐scale capture facility in Saskatchewan with a nominal capacity of 2 million tonnes of CO2 (Mt) per year. This paper summarizes the key technical and economic findings of this study. Notably this study found that the capital costs of the potential Shand CCS facility are decreased by 67% on a per tonne of CO2 captured basis when compared to the CCS retrofit of Unit 3 at the Boundary Dam Power Station (the world's first industrial scale CCS installation on a coal fired power station). The proposed capture facility would also have a load following operational profile, reduction in parasitic loses by employing heat integration strategies, and need no additional water draw to provide the required increase in cooling duty. © 2020 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethanolamine (MEA) solution is the most commonly used commercial chemical absorbent in conventional CO2 postcombustion processes; however the high heat duty and reaction temperature (e.g. 125°C) for solvent regeneration leads to high energy requirements (approximately 70–80% of the total running cost). This paper reports a catalytic solvent regeneration of a CO2‐loaded MEA solution using industrial calcined rough metatitanic acid (TiO(OH)2) as the catalyst to improve the CO2 desorption rate and reduce the regeneration temperature to 95°C. The catalytic reaction parameters were systematically investigated with an improvement in the CO2 desorption rate of 28.9% in comparison with the non‐catalytic process. The results of characterization, such as the thermogravimetry analysis, X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption‐desorption, pyridine‐infrared spectroscopy (Py‐IR), showed that the Lewis acid of the industrial metatitanic acid played a major role in the decomposition of carbamate and in enhancing the regeneration rate of MEA solvent in a CO2‐rich MEA solution. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the effect of the tabletting pressure and time on the chemical structure and crystallinity of the CuBTC and MIL-53(Al) metal–organic framework tablets. For MOFs, the no-binder tabletting method was employed using a pressure of 3.7, 7.4, 29.6 and 59.2 kN m−2, respectively, for a duration of 0.5, 1 and 2 min. The obtained tablets were crushed and sieved to obtain the desired fraction from 500 to 650 µm. In this study, the thermogravimetric test has been used for the assessment of the effect of shaping metal–organic frameworks on the CO2 adsorption properties. The examination of the CO2 sorption capacity of metal–organic frameworks was carried out using a Mettler TGA/SDTA 851e thermobalance and TG-Vacuum. The results indicate a significant effect of compression on the crystal structure and CO2 sorption capacity of MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO 2 emissions from industrial processes and their impact on climate change have gradually become major concerns. The amine-based scrubbing technology is considered a viable strategy for capturing CO 2 to alleviate the climate crisis. However, the high expense of CO 2 capture operations is severely hindering the further development of this technology and its application in industry. The catalytic CO 2 desorption strategy has recently attracted considerable attention recently as a low-energy technology, and it has high potential for large-scale implementation. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the latest progresses in solid acid-catalyzed desorption of CO 2 from various amine-rich liquids, especially monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. Solid acid catalysts (SACs) are of six types: metal oxides, molecular sieves, natural clay minerals, composite materials, organic framework materials, and carbon-based materials. These catalysts improve CO 2 desorption through mechanisms that are driven by Lewis acids, Brønsted acids, and basic active sites, as is discussed in depth in this paper. The stability of the catalysts and their advantages and disadvantages are also considered. Finally, based on the characteristics of various catalysts, we comprehensively compare and analyze their industrial potential and provide some prospects regarding their future development. Moreover, to solve certain bottleneck problems in this field, the application prospects of machine learning algorithms in CO 2 desorption have been discussed. Overall, this paper provides a robust theoretical basis and technical reference regarding efficient and inexpensive carbon capture. [Display omitted] • The latest progress of catalytic CO 2 desorption in amine-rich solution was reviewed. • The possible reaction mechanism of catalytic CO 2 desorption by SACs was presented. • CO 2 desorption catalysts were classified into six types in detail. • The activity and stability of SACs for catalytic CO 2 desorption were compared. • Perspectives of future research directions for catalytic CO 2 desorption were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the use of lithium batteries increasing year by year, resulting in a large number of waste lithium-ion batteries generated, bringing pressure to the ecological system while also causing a waste of Co resources. Although Co-based catalysts are also of interest in the Li–CO 2 system, no research has been reported on the preparation of catalysts for value-added utilization of recovered Co. In this paper, Li–CO 2 batteries with Co 3 O 4 /CNT cathodes were prepared by environmentally friendly hydrothermal method employing cobalt oxalate recycled from waste lithium-ion batteries as a Co source in combination with commercial CNT. Unlike traditional noble metal and transition metal-based catalysts, which are expensive and complicated, this work can further reduce the cost of batteries by recycling valuable Co sources from waste lithium-ion batteries. As a result, the battery has the discharge capacity of 2728 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Not only that, but it can reach more than 85 cycles at a limited capacity of 400 mAh g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clean Coal Technology is the property of Clean Coal Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] • Constructed Technosol using coal waste was investigated for CO 2 sequestration. • Capture ways included mineral carbonation, biochar, microorganisms, and plants. • Fertility parameters, plant growth, and geochemical interactions are in agreement. • The system can capture 65 t CO 2 eq ha−1, four times more than traditional mine soil. This paper proposes enhancing CO 2 sequestration and recovering degraded areas using Technosols constructed with coal waste and strategic materials. The evaluation of carbon capture considered four methods: (i) plant dry mass produced by Megathyrsus Maximus cv. Mombasa (ii) carbon incorporation via biochar, (iii) microbial biomass carbon, and (iv) mineral sequestration by lime. Local soil from the mine site was used as a control. Results show soil fertility parameters of the Technosols according to Brazilian guidelines. Plant growth increased with biochar incorporation but was still lower than in control soil. The pH, chemical, and mineralogical composition data were combined with geochemical reactions, showing the interaction of coal waste compounds, mainly pyrite with lime. Regarding calculating the CO 2 capture potential, biochar and mineral carbonation were the most relevant means for the designed system. The best performance obtained can capture approximately 65 t CO 2 eq ha−1, about four times greater than the systems traditionally used to recover waste disposal areas. The study demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating mining site recovery, waste disposal, and emissions mitigation in a closed system, providing sustainable options for the coal mining industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The research trends and evaluating of the most important functional groups for enhancing CO 2 uptake in MOFs are reviewed. • Amine and amide functional groups are ranked as the most promising candidates. • Different mechanisms for CO 2 adsorption in pristine and functionalized MOFs are elucidated. • The investigation into the impact of various metal dopants within MOF structures on their uptake performance is discussed. Among various technically and economically viable techniques for carbon capture and storage, the utilization of advanced porous materials in an adsorption process emerges as a particularly promising strategy to mitigate CO 2 emissions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have exhibited exceptional potential in capturing carbon dioxide due to their intrinsic characteristics, including high surface area, permanent porosity, and impressive pore volume. To enhance the CO 2 adsorption uptake in MOF materials, interior modifications of pores or surface functionalization with diverse functional groups, such as methyl, azide, amine, amide, hydroxyl, sulfide, and alkali metals are regarded as highly effective procedures. The objective of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of various functional groups employed in ligand functionalization and their impact on improving carbon capture specifications in MOF materials. Additionally, the effects of alkali and alkaline earth metal incorporation inside MOF structures will be briefly reviewed. In the end, different proposed mechanisms for CO 2 adsorption on pristine and functionalized MOFs are investigated. According to the findings, MOFs modified by amine functional groups are considered as promising candidates for improving CO 2 capture. This review provides valuable insights into selecting functional groups for MOF modification with higher capability in CO 2 adsorption and separation. This review summarizes the recent research progresses related to using various functional groups and metal ions to modify MOF structures, aiming to improve CO 2 adsorption and separation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC), biomass combustion and single-effect lithium bromide absorption refrigeration are appealing and promising technologies for combined heat, cool and power (CCHP) system. A novel biomass-fired CCHP system incorporating ORC and single-effect lithium bromide absorption refrigeration integrated with monoethanolamine (MEA)-based CO 2 capture is proposed in this paper, in which the pressurized hot water is used as heat source for ORC system and refrigeration cycle. Specifically, the condensation heat of ORC can be properly harvested for domestic hot water supplying. The refrigeration coefficient of r C is defined to characterize energy distribution relationship between ORC and refrigeration cycle. Results show the optimal evaporating temperature and heat source temperature are determined with refrigeration efficiency and net present value through gray correlation method when achieving excellent thermo-economic performance simultaneously. Besides, the optimal condensation temperature is directly affected by domestic hot water temperature. It further suggests that biomass-fired CCHP system incorporating ORC with cyclopentane owns the best thermo-economic performance with the maximum power efficiency of 7.4 %, refrigeration efficiency of 14 %, thermal efficiency of 81.5 % and primary energy saving ratio of 13.3 %. The optimized bioenergy system is thermodynamically and economically attractive, environment-friendly with negative CO 2 emissions substantially attributed to CO 2 capture. • A novel biomass-fired ORC-CCHP system integrated with SeBrLi absorption refrigeration and CO 2 capture is developed. • Optimal evaporation temperature and heat source temperature are determined with η C and NPV through gray correlation method. • Condensation temperature of the bioenergy system is optimized with a thermo-economic evaluation. • Thermo-economic comparison of different candidate working mediums concerning CO 2 capture is conducted. • Bioenergy system is thermodynamically and economically attractive with negative carbon dioxide emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advance of air-conditioning systems has become a popular topic, due to its huge energy consumption and the increasing demand of improving indoor air quality. Although various approaches have been proposed for humidity, temperature and CO 2 control, their coordination has not yet been studied. In this study, the technologies of desiccant dehumidification, indirect evaporative cooling and direct CO 2 capture are innovatively integrated in an air-conditioning system, by which their respective advantages can be exerted and limitations can be compensated. Under a base working condition with ambient temperature of 35 °C and relative humidity of 80%, the overall coefficient of performance of the integrated system reaches 0.93, with an improvement of 53.3% against a conventional scheme. The integrated system is more efficient at higher crowdedness. With occupant number from 2 to 22 in a room, the advantage of the integrated system ranges from 50.7% to 85.6%. Parametric studies on different indoor and outdoor conditions are conducted, indicating that the energy efficiency advantage is more outstanding at higher indoor temperature, lower ambient temperature and lower ambient humidity. The factors of economic, environment and health are discussed, where the integrated system exhibits superiority against conventional systems and existing studies as well. Approaches are raised to improve the performance and promote future studies. The results in this paper contribute to providing a scheme for the integration of different technologies and enlightening insights for the advance of air-conditioning systems for the sake of air quality improvement, energy saving and emission reduction. • An integrated air-conditioning system is proposed for improving energy efficiency. • Different technologies for temperature, humidity and CO 2 control are coordinated. • 53.3% improvement on energy efficiency is obtained for base working condition. • Parametric analyses indicate advantage for the integrated system at most cases. • Economic and environmental issues are discussed compared with existing studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Microalgae exhibit rapid growth, CO2 capture, and high Vitamin D content. • Vitamin D is synthesized via many pathways involving sterol precursors. • Genetic engineering and environmental optimization enhance Vitamin D production in microalage. • The Vitamin D market is expanding, with significant interest in algae-based sources. • Patent trends indicate increased protection of microalgae-derived Vitamin D technologies. Vitamin D (VD) production-based microalgae biosynthesis presents various benefits including sustainability, fast expansion, and the capacity to generate substantial quantities. However, this approach suffers from serious challenges that require effective cultivation methods and extraction processes. Indeed, further researches are of significant interest to understand the biosynthesis pathways, enhance the processes, and ensure its viability. In this context, the present review focuses on an in-depth understanding of the chemistry of VD and its analogues and provides a comprehensive explanation of the biosynthesis pathways, precursors, and production methods. In addition, this work discusses the state of the art reflecting the recent advances researches and the global market of microalgae as a potential source of VD. In sum, this paper demonstrates that microalgae can efficiently biosynthesize various forms of VD, presenting a sustainable alternative for VD production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spent mushroom compost (SMC) is a waste byproduct generated by the mushroom industry, with the current disposal methods involving landfills or incineration, causing environmental problems. This study introduces a cascading valorization based on circular economy. A water-washing pretreatment is suggested to reduce the ash content and improve the calorific value. Furthermore, an oxidative torrefaction is proposed to enhance the physicochemical properties and evaluate the residence time, temperature, and initial weight effects. The investigation revealed that the calorific value increased by 49.46% in the best water washing scenario and the SMC contains laccase. During SMC torrefaction, mass and energy yields exceeded 80%, and the calorific value was improved. Finally, torrefaction in situ CO2 capture was achieved by forming CaCO3, with a mass fraction increase of up to 7.4%. The study describes the cascading innovation use of this residue on a TRL4 higher than previously reported studies, thereby contributing to gaining an understanding of sustainable industrial mushroom production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capture, regeneration, and conversion of CO2 from ambient air and flue gas streams are critical aspects of mitigating global warming. Solid sorbents for CO2 absorption are very promising as they have high mass transfer areas without energy input and reduce emissions and minimize corrosion as compared to liquid sorbents. However, precisely tunable solid CO2 sorbents are difficult to produce. Here, we demonstrate the high‐throughput production of hydrogel‐based CO2‐absorbing particles via liquid jetting. By wrapping a liquid jet consisting of an aqueous solution of cross‐linkable branched polyethylenimine (PEI) with a layer of suspension containing hydrophobic silica nanoparticles, monodisperse droplets with a silica nanoparticle coating layer was formed in the air. A stable Pickering emulsion containing PEI droplets was obtained after these ejected droplets were collected in a heated oil bath. The droplets turn into mm‐sized particles after thermal curing in the bath. The diameter, PEI content, and silica content of the particles were systematically varied, and their CO2 absorption was measured as a function of time. Steam regeneration of the particles enabled cyclic testing, revealing a CO2 absorption capacity of 6.5 ± 0.5 mol kg−1 solid PEI in pure CO2 environments and 0.7 ± 0.3 mol kg−1 solid PEI for direct air capture. Several thousands of particles were produced per second at a rate of around 0.5 kg per hour, with a single nozzle. This process can be further scaled by parallelization. The complete toolbox for the design, fabrication, testing, and regeneration of functional hydrogel particles provides a powerful route toward novel solid sorbents for regenerative CO2 capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies have emerged as a promising solution to address climate change and meet global climate goals. However, despite the importance of DAC in designing carbon-negative buildings, there is a lack of research focusing on the energy and cost aspects in building ventilation systems. The objective of this research is to investigate the CO2 capture potential and economic viability of integrating small-scale DAC into a building ventilation system integrated within a gym space. A gym space located in the city of Linköping, Sweden, is used as the research object. Furthermore, the study investigates the CO2 capture potential across a portfolio of gym spaces corresponding to an area of 24,760 m². The results show that the CO2 capture potential varies between 54 kg/day and 83 kg/day for the investigated gym space. Moreover, the total CO2 capture potential is between 588 ton CO2/ year and 750 ton CO2/year for the portfolio of gym spaces. The results also demonstrate that regenerating the sorbent during non-operating hours is more energy-efficient and economically advantageous compared to performing four complete regeneration cycles during operating hours. Based on a sorbent capture potential of 0.2 mmol/g and 2.0 mmol/g, and a CO2 price of 1,000 SEK, the break-even price for energy is 0.25-0.53 SEK/kWh. Lastly, the research shows that, among the investigated cases, the only economically viable solution corresponds to sorbent capture potential 2.0 mmol/g and utilizing lowgrade heat for the generation process, resulting in a total cost of 663 SEK/ ton CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates methods to enhance the efficiency of CO2 capture using organic amine absorption and compares the performance of traditional and novel amine solvents. It reviews various single-component and mixed amine absorbents, as well as catalysts used in these methods, highlighting the superiority of mixed amine absorbents over single-component amine absorbents in CO2 absorption and desorption. Additionally, the study explores the catalytic mechanisms and effects of catalysts in the CO2 absorption/desorption process with amine solvents and provides an outlook on future research directions. The aim is to promote the widespread adoption of organic amine absorption technology in industrial applications and to contribute to the development of more sustainable and efficient CO2 capture technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass calcium looping gasification (CLG) for CO2 capture and H2 production is rather attractive but still needs developing low-cost CaO-based sorbent with enhanced mechanical strength, cyclic CO2 absorption reactivity, and multi-cycle gasification performance. In this work, cement-modified carbide slag was developed as a type of cheap CaO sorbent which was prepared by an economical method of wet mixing. Characterization of modified carbide slag revealed that mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) was successfully synthesized which played important role in promoting sintering resistance and mechanical strength of carbide slag sorbent. Cyclic CO2 capture tests with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) verified that cement-modified carbide slag showed much higher CO2 absorption capacity than natural carbide slag. Modified carbide slag with 15 wt% cement (CS15) presented the best CO2 capture performance in this work, and the CaO conversion approached 58.3% after 15 cycles. Biomass calcium looping gasification tests for H2 production were also conducted in a fluidized bed reactor under different conditions, with special attention to the cyclic gasification performance of CS15. Gasification results proved that adding carbide slag not only apparently increased H2 concentration and H2 yield but also reduce the yield of tar species. Cement-modified carbide slag showed better gasification performance than natural carbide slag. Although increasing gasification temperature was beneficial to promote biomass conversion and H2 yield, too high temperature should be avoided which would inhibit water gas shift reaction, CO2 capture, and result in the conversion of tar species to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Moreover, results of cyclic gasification tests presented great potential to adopt modified carbide slag in fluidized bed calcium looping gasification. After 8 cycles of gasification/regeneration, H2 concentration and H2 yield with CS15 were stabilized at 49.8% and 32.7 mg/gbiomass, which were increased by 11.5% and 17.7% in comparison to those with CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass gasification has emerged as a promising method for producing renewable energy, addressing both energy and environmental challenges. This review examines recent research on gasification simulations, covering a range of topics from process modeling to syngas cleanup. Key areas explored include techniques for syngas cleaning, addressing tar formation, and CO2 capture methods. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of gasification simulation and identify potential areas for future research and development. This work serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals involved in biomass gasification modeling. By providing a comprehensive guide to biomass gasification simulation using Aspen Plus software and comparing various modeling approaches, it assists users in selecting the most effective tool for optimizing the design and operation of gasification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union aims to be climate neutral by 2050. To achieve this ambitious goal, net greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by at least 55% by 2030. Post-combustion CO2 capture methods are essential to reduce CO2 emissions from the chemical industry, power generation, and cement plants. To reduce CO2, it must be captured and then stored underground or converted into other valuable products. Apromising alternative for CO2 reduction is the use of humic acid salts (HASs). This work describes a process for the preparation of potassium (HmK) and ammonium (HmA) humic acid salts from oxidized lignite (leonardite). A detailed characterization of the obtained HASs was conducted, including elemental, granulometric, and thermogravimetric analyses, as well as 1H-NMR and IR spectroscopy. Moreover, the CO2 absorption capacity and absorption rate of HASs were experimentally investigated. The results showed that the absorption capacity of the HASs was up to 10.9 g CO2 per kg. The CO2 absorption rate of 30% HmA solution was found to be similar to that of 30% MEA. Additionally, HmA solution demonstrated better efficiency in CO2 absorption than HmK. One of the issues observed during the CO2 absorption was foaming of the solutions, which was more noticeable with HmK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly plastic clays pose significant challenges in engineering projects. Various techniques have been employed to enhance their properties, though many face difficulties related to implementation and environmental impact. This study examines the effect of CO2-induced magnesium carbonate on improving the geotechnical behavior of plastic clay. CO2-induced magnesium carbonate was produced via mineral carbonation and used to improve the behavior of highly plastic natural clay. CO2 gas was injected into a sodium hydroxide solution to produce carbonate ions (CO32−). Magnesium carbonate was precipitated on a laboratory scale by adding magnesium sulfate solution to the carbonate ion solution. Clayey soil samples were obtained from test pits in the Meyghan Plain near Arak, Iran. The clay samples were treated with different percentages of the produced magnesium carbonate. Various parameters of the treated and untreated samples, including index properties, unconfined compressive strength, consolidation behavior, and swelling potential, were studied. It was found that the liquid limit and plasticity index of the treated clay decreased as the magnesium carbonate content increased. The soil classification changed from high plastic clay (CH) to low plastic silt (ML) with the addition of 15% magnesium carbonate to the highly plastic clay. The unconfined compressive strength of the treated clay increased. Additionally, the consolidation behavior and swelling index of the treated clay improved as the magnesium carbonate content increased. This study confirms that CO2-induced magnesium carbonate is a promising material for improving the behavior of highly plastic clays, offering a sustainable approach to environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature molten salt capture and electrolysis technology of CO2 for the effective preparation of elemental carbon materials are considered to be an exceedinglyare gaining traction as promising carbon capture utilization and storage technology. The reason is their excellent selectivity and ease of operation, making them suitable for the effective preparation of elemental carbon materials from CO2. Nonetheless, the current research on the kinetic mechanism of CO2 capture in high-temperature molten salt systems is inadequate. Furthermore, the energy consumption and production costs associated with the process of preparing elemental carbon materials through CO2 molten salt electrolysis are relatively high. Therefore, achieving efficient CO2 capture in high-temperature molten salts and low-energy consumption electrolysis is very crucial. This paper delves into the thermodynamics of CO2 capture by various alkali metals/alkaline earth metal oxides. It also compares the theoretical decomposition voltage and energy consumption of various alkali metals/alkaline earth metal carbonates. The capture behavior of CO2 in typical binary chloride molten salts is also examined. The study further explores the thermodynamics of CO2 capture in molten salts to carbonates and calculates the theoretical voltage and power consumption during carbonate electrolysis in a high-temperature molten salt system. The kinetics of CO2 capture in typical CaCl2-based molten salts are examined by advanced technologies such as online gas mass spectrometry, carbon–sulfur analyzer, X-ray diffraction, and energy spectroscopy. The effects of temperature and voltage on the electrolysis process, electrolytic energy consumption, and product structure of elemental carbon materials prepared by CO2 electrolysis are investigated in typical ternary Na2CO3–K2CO3–Li2CO3 molten salts and ternary CaCl2–NaCl–CaO molten salts using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and constant voltage electrolysis. The results indicate that CaO outperforms alkali metal oxide as a CO2 capture agent, and CaCO3 obtained by energy and conversion exhibits the lowest theoretical decomposition voltage and electrolytic energy consumption. In a typical CaCl2–3.0% CaO (mass fraction) molten salt, the CO2 capture capacity is 0.016 gCO2·g−1. Compared with the Na2CO3–K2CO3–Li2CO3 molten salt, the CaCl2–NaCl–CaO molten salt has a lower electrolysis voltage and energy consumption. Moreover, the current efficiency of the electrolytic elemental carbon material reaches up to 95.3%, with the minimum electrolytic energy consumption being only 14.1 kW·h·kg−1 under the optimal conditions of 750 ℃ and 1.5 V. Therefore, this study provides a foundation for exploring CO2 molten salt capture materials that combine excellent performance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. It also offers theoretical and data support for optimizing the process and reducing the cost of the actual electrolysis.

[Introduction] The green and low-carbon transformation and industrial restructuring under the premise of energy security is a serious challenge faced by Zhejiang Province to achieve its "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goals. Given the high proportion of coal-fired power generation in Zhejiang, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, as an important choice to realize the low-carbon utilization of fossil energy, is vital to the "double carbon" technology system in the energy sector and industrial circle of the province. [Method] This paper presents a research review of CCUS technology from multiple aspects, including CO2 capture, transportation, utilization and storage, and introduces the development of CCUS demonstration projects in Zhejiang. This study summarizes the features of the major technologies throughout the full CCUS chain, and briefly analyzes the existing challenges amid the ongoing technological advancements. Besides, the prospect of CCUS technology in Zhejiang is explored along with corresponding suggestions. [Result] Zhejiang boasts a solid technical foundation in the field of CCUS, especially in CO2 capture, and has numerous full-chain demonstration projects employing various process routes, including pre-combustion and post-combustion capture (CO2 capture), biological, mineral, and chemical utilization (CO2 utilization), as well as geological storage (CO2 storage). However, technology readiness level differs largely across the process chain, in addition to other challenges, such as small scale, generally high initial capital and operating costs, and dispersed spatial distribution, which hinder the development of industrial clusters. [Conclusion] It is important to promote CCUS integration projects to adapt to local conditions, based on a thorough understanding of Zhejiang's potential and source/sink conditions related to CCUS in key areas. Additionally, continuous investment in technological research and development is necessary, along with guarantees in terms of incentive mechanisms, policies, regulations, and business models.

This paper introduces a multifunctional air filter with a strong ability to trap and disinfect pathogens and absorb particulate matter (PM), the volatile organic compound (VOC), and CO 2. This study demonstrates a facile and eco-friendly synthesis of copper coordination polymer particle (Cu-CPP)-decorated non-woven fibre filters (Cu-CPP/NWF) via an in situ growth dip-coating method. Their multifunction potentials in air pollution treatment are also assessed. The Cu-CPP/NWF filter media showed a remarkable performance for air treatment, with 100% disinfection efficiency against airborne E. coli bacteria (2 × 106 CFU mL−1) in 45 min, superior PM removal efficiency (quality factor 0.299 Pa−1), excellent p-xylene adsorption capacities (1.19 mmol/g) and high potential CO 2 uptake capacities (19.81 cm3/g). A Cu-CPP can work as an antibacterial agent and an adsorbent component, thus offering many applications. The rational integration of Cu-CPP can substantially enhance the filtration efficiency via electrostatic interaction, while most commercial air purifiers rely on dense fibrous filters. This study provides valuable insight into developing a multifunctional and reusable air filter proven to be a life-saving product for public health protection. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• CaL experiments at a 1 MW th pilot plant under realistic operating conditions. • Assessment of different coupling concepts for the interconnection of CFB reactors. • Definition of operating parameters for scale-up of the CaL process to demonstration scale. • Conceptual design and engineering of a 20 MW th demonstration pilot. An efficient post-combustion capture technology is the carbonate looping (CaL) process reducing the amount of CO 2 released by fossil fuelled power and industrial plants. Limestone based sorbents are circulated between two interconnected circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors. In a first reactor, the carbonator, the main part of CO 2 contained in the flue gas of an upstream emission source is absorbed by CaO. The CO 2 is released and the sorbent regenerated under oxy-firing conditions in a second reactor, the calciner. Numerous experimental pilot tests in semi-industrial scale proved the feasibility of this technology, whereof complementary results are published in this paper. A demonstration plant constitutes the next step of developing the CaL technology. This paper presents the development of a 20 MW th demonstration pilot considered as a milestone with regard to industrial application of the technology to answer remaining technological and economic questions. A conceptual design for this 20 MW th demonstration pilot is presented. An existing 600 MW el power station serves as a host unit for the boundary conditions of this demonstration pilot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Differences on assumptions and methods in economic assessments are identified. • A cost-review method to calculate CO2 capture, avoidance and product costs is given. • Limitations of the proposed cost-review method are specified. • A list of required techno-economic information for transparent communications is provided. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) remains an important pathway to reach deep cuts in CO 2 emissions coming from carbon intensive industries. A sound evaluation and comparison of the costs figures of carbon capture technologies applied to the industrial sector are key to guide research activities and inform decision makers. However, each organisation assesses CCS technologies through a different cost methodology, which makes the comparison of cost results difficult. Moreover, the differences are not always evident and can generate misunderstanding and misinterpretation of CCS cost figures. This work is part of a bigger initiative to evaluate carbon capture technologies for the industrial sector and this paper is a first stab at identifying some issues related to techno-economic assessments of carbon capture in cement and iron and steel manufacturing. In this work, a review of transparent economic studies on carbon capture technologies in cement and steel and iron sectors was done to identify cost assumptions and cost methods in the public literature. Secondly, a further analysis of transparent cost methods was done to clarify the impact of terminology and heterogeneous mathematical steps on the differences between cost figures from different sources. With the objective of fairly comparing carbon capture technologies, this paper delivers an explicit cost-review method and guide on how to use it to calculate CO 2 capture, CO 2 avoidance and products costs, based on an aggregation process where capital and operational costs (CAPEX and OPEX) are assessed. A list of elements to make cost figures comparable is provided. Finally, limitations of this cost-review method are identified and given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an efficient PID control system has been designed for a vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) process which used silica gel to capture CO2 from dry flue gas. Changes of CO2 composition in feed gas are set as disturbances and vary from 12.0 to 15.0% to make simulation work more closely to reality. Meanwhile, adsorption step time duration was set to change consistently according to the feedback of CO2 purity in product. PID control strategy built in software gPROMS is employed in this paper. The competence of the control system is firstly analyzed by a transient impulse of CO2 content in feed gas (15.0% dropped to 12.0%). Then random pulse is added to test the ability of the control system to reject the unknown disturbances and track the set point. Detailed changes in bed under open and closed-loop are listed and made comparisons. Results demonstrate that the model shows an enhanced performance in the presence of random disturbances under closed-loop control compared with the open-loop operation. And this proves that closed-loop feedback PID control can be used to improve the CO2 capture of VPSA process operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]