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Aim. To systematically map and identify key knowledge on organizational support for nurses' career planning and development. Design. Scoping review. Methods. Systematic electronic searches were carried out with the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in May 2022. The searches were limited to scientific, peer-review papers that were published in English from January 2012 to May 2022. Data were extracted and synthetized and are presented in tables and text. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results. We identified 1,400 papers and 28 met the inclusion criteria. Organizations recognized nurses' career planning and development in relation to the individual's professional development and the organization's need to promote high-quality services and workforce engagement. The organizational support included strategic work to ensure there were adequate resources and purposeful vacancies and a structured framework based on objective qualification criteria and equal assessment. Organizations focused on sharing knowledge, structured career planning, and interpersonal support. Support within the nursing profession and multilayered interprofessional collaboration were also important. Conclusion. Nurses' career planning and development was linked to their personal development and the organization's aims and required support from both fellow nurses and other professionals. Implications for the Nursing Management. Identifying the organizational structures and methods that are needed to support nurses' career planning and development can help nursing management to evaluate and develop strategies that improve the attractiveness of a nursing career and nurses' engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidences have demonstrated the effectiveness of early essential newborn care. However, the implementation of early essential newborn care is suboptimal. The aim is to identify and synthesise the barriers and facilitators impacting the implementation of early essential newborn care in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, SinoMed and Google Scholar. Methods: Two authors independently screened, performed quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and extracted data. This review includes papers that reported the barriers and facilitators of implementing early essential newborn care in low‐ and middle‐income countries from the view of healthcare providers. Barriers and facilitators were coded according to the consolidated framework for implementation research in a deductive way and then been inducted into five common themes. This review followed synthesis without meta‐analysis reporting guideline. Results: A total of 28 studies were included. Five inductive common themes influencing implementing early essential newborn care in low‐ and middle‐income countries were system‐level healthcare factors, healthcare providers' knowledge and beliefs, the requirements of mothers or families, adapting to routine practice and the working climate of organisation. Conclusion: The factors were from system level, facility level and individual level and were inducted into five themes. Based on this review, decision‐makers could tailor implementing strategies to narrow the gap between the evidence and implementation. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The study offers guidance for health professionals to identify barriers and facilitators in implementing early essential newborn care and make tailored strategies when implementing early essential newborn care. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers. Methods: Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023. Studies were included if total and/or occupational SB were assessed. Only studies that reported pre- and postintervention mean differences and standard deviations or standard errors for both intervention arms were used for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields QUALSYST tool. Results: Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. The most employed digital elements were information delivery and mediated organisational support and social influences. Multicomponent, information, and counselling interventions measuring total and/or occupational/nonoccupational SB time by self-report or via device-based measures were reported. Multicomponent interventions were the most represented. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, which presented a reduction of 29.9 (95% CI: -45.2, -14.5) min/8 h workday in SB (overall effect: Z = 3.81). Conclusions: Multicomponent interventions, using a wide range of digital features, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing time spent in SB at the workplace among desk-based employees. However, due to hybrid work (i.e., work in the office and home) being a customary mode of work for many employees, it is important for future studies to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions in the evolving work landscape. Trial registration: The review protocol was registered in the Prospero database (CRD42022377366). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 50% of women in all workplaces experience sexual harassment. Women who work in male-dominated occupations may be more susceptible to sexual harassment than those who work in non-male-dominated occupations. Research on factors contributing to workplace sexual harassment in male-dominated occupations is limited. This paper reviews the known antecedents that put female workers at risk of sexual harassment in select male-dominated occupations and to identify gaps in the literature and opportunities for future occupational health nursing research. Methods: A search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Included articles addressed sexual harassment of female workers in male-dominated occupations such as law enforcement, firefighting, truck driving, and construction. Results: The search yielded 25 relevant research articles. Antecedents to sexual harassment in the workplace included lower rank, shorter tenure, physicality of the job, job insecurity, negative relationships with peers and/or supervisors, treating women as outsiders, exaggerated gender differences, unequal gender ratios, and promotions based on gender. Common antecedents to sexual harassment in the workplace identified in the literature include organizational culture and gender composition. Conclusion/Application to Practice: Workplace sexual harassment of women is a problem in male-dominated occupations. Research is needed to better understand the organizational antecedents of sexual harassment in male-dominated occupations within community settings to prevent workplace sexual harassment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify predictors and consequences of violence or aggression events against nurses and nursing students in different work contexts. Background: Workplace violence against nurses and nursing students is a very common and widespread phenomenon. Actions to manage or prevent violent events could be implemented knowing the risk factors and consequences. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews that summarize knowledge on the predictors and consequences of workplace violence. Evaluation: A scoping review was conducted using electronic databases including APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, PubMed and Scopus. Key issues: After full text analysis, 87 papers were included in the current scoping review. Risk factors of horizontal violence were grouped into 'personal' and 'Environmental and organizational', and for violence perpetrated by patients into 'personal', 'Environmental and organizational' and 'Characteristics of the perpetrators'. Conclusions: The results of this scoping review uncover problems that often remain unaddressed, especially where these episodes are very frequent. Workplace violence prevention and management programmes are essential to counter it. Implications for Nursing Management: The predictors and the consequents identified constitute the body of knowledge necessary for nurse managers to develop and implement policy and system actions to effectively manage or prevent violent events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient experience plays an essential role in improving clinical effectiveness and patient safety. It's important to identify factors influencing patient experience and to improve quality of healthcare. Objective: To identify factors that influence patient experience in hospital wards. Methods: We conducted a systematic review including six databases; they were PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, ProQuest, and Cochrane. Studies were included if they met the inclusion criteria. The JBI checklist was used to perform quality appraisal. We used 5 domains of the ecological model to organize and synthesize our findings to comprehensively understand the multi-level factors influencing the issue. Result: A total of 138 studies were included, and 164 factors were identified. These factors were integrated into 6 domains. All domains but one (survey-related factors) could be mapped onto the attributes of the ecological framework: intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy level factors. All factors had mixed effect on patient experience. The intrapersonal level refers to individual characteristics of patients. The interpersonal level refers to interactions between patients and healthcare providers, such as the caring time spent by a nurse. The institutional level refers to organizational characteristics, rules and regulations for operations, such as hospital size and accreditation. The community level refers to relationships among organizations, institutions, and informational networks within defined boundaries, such as a hospital located in a larger population area. Public policy level refers to local, state, national, and global laws and policies, including health insurance policies. The sixth domain, survey-related factors, was added to the framework and included factors such as survey response rate and survey response time. Conclusion: The factors influencing patient experience are comprehensive, ranging from intrapersonal to public policy. Providers should adopt a holistic and integrated perspective to assess patient experience and develop context-specific interventions to improve the quality of care. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023401066: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The central component in impactful healthcare decisions is evidence. Understanding how nurse leaders use evidence in their own managerial decision making is still limited. This mixed methods systematic review aimed to examine how evidence is used to solve leadership problems and to describe the measured and perceived effects of evidence-based leadership on nurse leaders and their performance, organizational, and clinical outcomes. Methods: We included articles using any type of research design. We referred nurses, nurse managers or other nursing staff working in a healthcare context when they attempt to influence the behavior of individuals or a group in an organization using an evidence-based approach. Seven databases were searched until 11 November 2021. JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-experimental studies, JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool were used to evaluate the Risk of bias in quasi-experimental studies, case series, mixed methods studies, respectively. The JBI approach to mixed methods systematic reviews was followed, and a parallel-results convergent approach to synthesis and integration was adopted. Results: Thirty-one publications were eligible for the analysis: case series (n = 27), mixed methods studies (n = 3) and quasi-experimental studies (n = 1). All studies were included regardless of methodological quality. Leadership problems were related to the implementation of knowledge into practice, the quality of nursing care and the resource availability. Organizational data was used in 27 studies to understand leadership problems, scientific evidence from literature was sought in 26 studies, and stakeholders' views were explored in 24 studies. Perceived and measured effects of evidence-based leadership focused on nurses' performance, organizational outcomes, and clinical outcomes. Economic data were not available. Conclusions: This is the first systematic review to examine how evidence is used to solve leadership problems and to describe its measured and perceived effects from different sites. Although a variety of perceptions and effects were identified on nurses' performance as well as on organizational and clinical outcomes, available knowledge concerning evidence-based leadership is currently insufficient. Therefore, more high-quality research and clinical trial designs are still needed. Trail registration: The study was registered (PROSPERO CRD42021259624). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim(s): Organizational culture has been studied for over four decades among nurses, across countries and contexts. However, wide variation exists in how the concept has been defined and at what level of the organization it is measured. The aim of this study was to use a dimensional analysis to conduct a conceptual synthesis of unit culture from a nursing perspective. Design: Dimensional analysis, rooted in grounded theory methodology, was used to describe unit culture from a nursing perspective. Methods: A literature search was conducted in April 2022. Inclusion criteria were (1) peer review publications, (2) used the term 'unit culture' or 'ward culture', (3) references nurses' role in unit culture, (4) published in the last 20 years and (5) written in English. One hundred fifteen articles met inclusion criteria, but dimensional saturation was researched after coding 24 articles. Results: Findings were synthesized into four core dimensions and 10 subdimensions. Dimensions of unit culture included customs (practice norms, communication and prioritization), shared beliefs (assumptions, values and attitudes), hierarchy (social and informational) and atmosphere (emotional climate and collaboration). Conditions that shape unit culture include individual nurse characteristics, working conditions, unit policies/procedures and leadership. Unit culture impacts nurse work experiences and decision‐making processes, which can affect outcomes including nurse wellbeing, practice behaviours and adherence to unit policies. Conclusions: Identifying the dimensions of unit culture helps to bring clarity to a concept that is not well defined in existing literature. Impact: This model of unit culture can be used to guide development of new instruments to measure unit culture or guide researchers in utilizing existing measures. Developing measures specific to unit culture are warranted to strengthen researchers' ability to assess how changing conditions of a unit (e.g. leadership, workload) changes unit culture and its related outcomes. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This systematic review aims to synthesise the existing research on how patients participate in patient safety initiatives. Background Ambiguities remain about how patients participate in routine measures designed to promote patient safety. Design Systematic review using integrative methods. Methods Electronic databases were searched using keywords describing patient involvement, nursing input and patient safety initiatives to retrieve empirical research published between 2007 and 2013. Findings were synthesized using the theoretical domains of Vincent's framework for analysing risk and safety in clinical practice: 'patient', 'healthcare provider', 'task', 'work environment', 'organisation & management'. Results We identified 17 empirical research papers: four qualitative, one mixed-method and 12 quantitative designs. All 17 papers indicated that patients can participate in safety initiatives. Conclusions Improving patient participation in patient safety necessitates considering the patient as a person, the nurse as healthcare provider, the task of participation and the clinical environment. Patients' knowledge, health conditions, beliefs and experiences influence their decisions to engage in patient safety initiatives. An important component of the management of long-term conditions is to ensure that patients have sufficient knowledge to participate. Healthcare providers may need further professional development in patient education and patient care management to promote patient involvement in patient safety, and ensure that patients understand that they are 'allowed' to inform nurses of adverse events or errors. A healthcare system characterised by patient-centredness and mutual acknowledgement will support patient participation in safety practices. Further research is required to improve international knowledge of patient participation in patient safety in different disciplines, contexts and cultures. Relevance to clinical practice Patients have a significant role to play in enhancing their own safety while receiving hospital care. This review offers a framework for clinicians to develop comprehensive practical guidelines to support patient involvement in patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To understand the current application and benefits of coaching practice in nursing and identify potential areas for future research. Design: An integrative literature review was conducted using Whittemore and Knalf integrative review methods. Data sources: A search of the literature from Medline (PubMed) and CINHAL platform for abstracts and/or full‐text articles from 2012 to 2022. Methods: A systematic approach was used to screen and analyse the literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, a quality appraisal of the literature was undertaken and summarised into themes. Eighteen articles were selected, two articles were different aspects of the same studies. Coaching was found to have benefits to the individual related to performance, role effectiveness, role transitions and confidence in performing in the role. The outcomes for individuals add to the overall organisational benefits with performance, support, teamwork, communication and culture. Results: This literature review sought to understand the current use of coaching in nursing and identify any gaps in the application of coaching within the discipline. Supporting, developing staff knowledge and skills and nurturing nursing staff into the profession has occurred in several ways and evolved to include coaching. Coaching provides capabilities to enhance nursing leadership, performance improvement and to provide support to staff. The findings from this literature review found a need to conceptually define coaching in nursing and the opportunity to explore the use of coaching to support both the clinical and managerial workforce (job satisfaction, intention to stay and building resilience). The benefits of coaching in nursing extend beyond the leadership level and there is opportunity to extend the operationalisation of coaching practice and coaching training within the discipline of nursing. This integrative review explains how coaching has been utilised in nursing to be a valuable tool in developing nurse leaders and clinical staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For virtual care models to be able to improve the safety and quality of care, it is essential to identify the strengths and weaknesses of virtual care. In this Scoping review, literature published on virtual care was identified using international databases. The results of the included studies were summarized using a predefined taxonomy. In total, 20 studies were included in the present review. Extracting the findings of the articles showed four main topics, including "virtual care delivery models," "Video conference software platforms to provide virtual care," "virtual care delivery challenges," and "virtual care implementation facilitators." Therefore, with the development of emerging digital technologies, unique opportunities to provide virtual care and improve the provision of health services have been created in the health care system worldwide. Multifunctional video conference software platforms using specific models for each scope of care practice should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim: This review was conducted to map leadership styles that positively impact patients, professionals and institutions. Background: Leadership is a topic widely studied because it is a fundamental skill in establishing favourable work environments, in addition to enabling nurses to influence their team in the search for better results. Therefore, a synthesis of the various studies produced to date is essential for nurses, managers and researchers to understand the different styles of leadership that positively influence organizational results, so they can choose the style they deem most appropriate. Evaluation: An integrative literature review retrieved articles from five databases, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The level of evidence and its quality were assessed using the criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Key issues: Thirty‐five studies were included, 18 of which reported the influence of leadership styles on patients (safety), nine on professionals (burnout) and eight on institutions (turnover and absenteeism). Conclusion: Transformational leadership had positive results for patients, professionals, and institutions alike. Implications for Nursing Management: The results showed the need for nurses to improve their leadership skills, especially in the transformational style, to achieve positive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To clarify the concept of psychological safety in a healthcare context and to provide the first theoretical framework for improving interpersonal relationships in the workplace to better patient care. Design: A Rodgers' concept analysis. Methods: The concept analysis was conducted using a systematic search strategy on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Ichushi‐Web. Results: An analysis of 88 articles studying psychological safety in health care identified five attributes: perceptions of the consequences of taking interpersonal risks, strong interpersonal relationships, group‐level phenomenon, safe work environment for taking interpersonal risks and non‐punitive culture. The antecedents included structure/system factors, interpersonal factors and individual factors. The four consequences included performance outcomes, organizational culture outcomes, and psychological and behavioural outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The challenges of caring for stroke patients are growing due to population ageing and improved survival rates. Healthcare professionals' competence development in stroke care is a necessity to ensure high‐quality patient care. Objectives: To identify and describe the competence areas of healthcare professionals working in the stroke patient care pathway and factors influencing these competences. Design: A mixed‐methods systematic review. Methods: The review was conducted according to the JBI guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020204062). PRISMA checklist guided the review process. Relevant original studies were identified by searching four databases—CINAHL (EBSCO), PubMed, Scopus and Medic. After researcher consensus was reached, 32 studies were selected for inclusion and subjected to content analysis and data tabulation. Results: Competence in care processes, clinical competence, competence in using self‐management strategies, interaction skills, skills in acknowledging family and competence in integrating the available evidence base into patient care were identified as key competence areas. Organisation of services, specialisation in stroke care, continuous development and education, family and carer and training in oral care and cognitive rehabilitation were identified as factors that influence healthcare professionals' competence. Conclusions: Diverse clinical and interaction competencies are needed throughout the stroke care pathway, and various factors affect healthcare professionals' competence. Further research on healthcare professionals' stroke care competence will be needed to respond to changing healthcare demand. Relevance to clinical practice: We recommend organisational support and formulation of stroke care patient guidelines in line with healthcare competence requirements. Focus should be added for nursing professions in developing interactive communication competence since nurses spend the majority of the time providing individual patient care. Also, organisations should integrate continuing training in specialised stroke care for healthcare professionals' competence development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To synthesize the literature on the views and experiences of patients/family members and health‐care professionals (HCPs) on the disclosure of adverse events. Methods: Systematic review of qualitative studies. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Study quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Qualitative data were analysed using a meta‐ethnographic approach, comprising reciprocal syntheses of 'patient' and 'health‐care professional' studies, combined to form a lines‐of‐argument synthesis embodying both perspectives. Results: Fifteen studies were included in the final syntheses. The results highlighted that there is a difference in attitudes and expectations between patients and HCPs regarding the disclosure conversation. Patients/family members expressed a need for information, the importance of sincere regret and a promise of improvement. However, HCPs faced several barriers, which hindered appropriate disclosure practices. These included difficulty of disclosure in a blame culture, avoidance of litigation, lack of skills on how to conduct disclosure and inconsistent guidance. A lines‐of‐argument synthesis is presented that identified both the key elements of an ideal disclosure desired by patients and the facilitators for HCPs, which can increase the likelihood of this taking place. Conclusions: Although patients/family members and HCPs both advocate disclosure, several barriers prevent HCPs from conducting disclosure effectively. Both groups have different needs for disclosure. To meet patients' requirements, training on disclosure for HCPs and the development of an open, transparent culture within organizations are potential areas for intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To review the current literature about nurses’ clinical reasoning practices that support safe medication administration. Background: The literature about medication administration frequently focuses on avoiding medication errors. Nurses’ clinical reasoning used during medication administration to maintain medication safety receives less attention in the literature. As healthcare professionals, nurses work closely with patients, assessing and intervening to promote mediation safety prior to, during and after medication administration. They also provide discharge teaching about using medication safely. Nurses’ clinical reasoning and practices that support medication safety are often invisible when the focus is medication errors avoidance. Design: An integrative literature review was guided by Whittemore and Knafl’s (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 5, 2005 and 546) five-stage review of the 11 articles that met review criteria. This review is modelled after Gaffney et al.’s (Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25, 2016 and 906) integrative review on medical error recovery. Methods: Health databases were accessed and systematically searched for research reporting nurses’ clinical reasoning practices that supported safe medication administration. The level and quality of evidence of the included research articles were assessed using The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Rating Scale©. Results: Nurses have a central role in safe medication administration, including but not limited to risk awareness about the potential for medication errors. Nurses assess patients and their medication and use knowledge and clinical reasoning to administer medication safely. Results indicated nurses’ use of clinical reasoning to maintain safe medication administration was inadequately articulated in 10 of 11 studies reviewed. Conclusion: Nurses are primarily responsible for safe medication administration. Nurses draw from their foundational knowledge of patient conditions and organisational processes and use clinical reasoning that supports safe medication practice. There was minimal evidence clearly articulating nurses’ clinical reasoning used to support medication safety. Relevance to clinical practice: This review focused on finding evidence of nurses’ clinical reasoning that supported safe medication administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To describe factors facilitating or inhibiting the development of registered nurses' competency and nurse leader's role in knowledge management. Background Nurses' competency directly influences patient safety and the quality and effectiveness of patient care. Challenges of nurse leaders in knowledge management include acquiring, assessing and utilising current knowledge and assessing and enhancing competency. Evaluation A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS and ERIC databases in April 2015. The search identified 18 relevant research articles published between 2009 and 2015. The quality of the studies was appraised in accordance with study designs. Key issue Knowledge management is facilitated by an organisation culture that supports learning, sharing of information and learning together. Leader commitment and competency were factors related to leadership facilitating knowledge management. Conclusion Nurse leaders need evidence-based interventions to support shared learning and to create infrastructures that facilitate competence development. Future research is especially needed to evaluate connections between knowledge management and patient outcomes. Implications for nursing management and leadership The results of this review can be utilised in enhancing factors to facilitate knowledge management in clinical practice and identifying nurse leaders' role in strengthening nurses' competency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To identify available literature concerning the factors that contribute to nurses and midwives making sound clinical decisions. Method This is an integrative literature review. Findings Thirty-eight articles revealed four main domains that influence nurses' and midwives' clinical decision making-nurses and midwives' personal characteristics ( n = 30), e.g., clinical experience; organizational factors ( n = 26), e.g., colleagues; patient characteristics ( n = 26), e.g., physical and clinical status; and environmental factors ( n = 9), e.g., time. These four domains of factors combined influence sound clinical decision making in the context of nursing and midwifery. Conclusions Understanding the role of the factors influencing clinical decision making will help to improve patient and health outcomes. Practice Implications Further understanding about the extent of the impact some factors have on clinical decision making is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Person-centered care ( PCC) shifts focus away from the traditional biomedical model in favor of embracing personal choice and autonomy for people receiving health services. It has become an important avenue for improving primary care, and older adults remain a priority target for PCC because they are more likely to have complex care needs than younger individuals. Nevertheless, despite a growing body of evidence regarding its use, PCC still lacks an agreed-upon definition. A literature review was conducted to explore extant scholarship on PCC for older adults, assess corresponding definitions of PCC, and identify important elements of quality PCC. Nearly 3,000 articles published between 1990 and 2014 were identified. Excluding search results outside the parameters of this study, the final review comprised 132 nonduplicate sources focused on patient-centered care or PCC in older adults. Fifteen descriptions of PCC were identified, addressing 17 central principles or values. The six most-prominent domains of PCC were holistic or whole-person care, respect and value, choice, dignity, self-determination, and purposeful living. The body of evidence reviewed suggests that PCC is an important area of growing interest. Although multiple definitions and elements of PCC abound-with many commonalities and some overlap-the field would benefit from a consensus definition and list of essential elements to clarify how to operationalize a PCC approach to health care and services for older adults. This work guided the development of a separate American Geriatrics Society expert panel statement presenting a standardized definition and a list of PCC elements for older adults with chronic conditions or functional impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]