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Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to connect peri-implantitis to cardiovascular diseases, following the association found between periodontitis and cardiovascular conditions in recent years. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science online databases were searched up to June 2023, with the exclusion criteria being research written in a language other than English. The MeSH search items were as follows: ["peri-implant health OR peri-implantitis OR peri-implant mucositis OR peri-implant disease"] AND ["cardiovascular diseases"]. Patient/population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C), outcome (O) framework questions were followed to identify the clinical evidence for the systematic review. Only clinical studies that used a control group to compare the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and peri-implantitis were selected. Results: A total of 118 studies were identified through electronic search of the keywords. After removing duplicates, there were 76 records to be screened. Upon exclusion of ineligible titles and abstracts, 27 studies remained for evaluation. Finally, 23 studies were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria, leaving 4 studies to be included in the qualitative analyses. Conclusions: This study found there is a linear association between mucosal/gingival inflammation and carotid intima–media thickness test (c-IMT) values. Peri-implant mucosal inflammation could be a contributor to the vascular disease burden of an individual; further specific clinical studies should be performed in order to demonstrate this connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are estimated to be the leading cause of global death. Air pollution is the biggest environmental threat to public health worldwide. It is considered a potentially modifiable environmental risk factor for CVDs because it can be prevented by adopting the right national and international policies. The present study was conducted to synthesize the results of existing studies on the burden of CVDs attributed to air pollution, namely prevalence, hospitalization, disability, mortality, and cost characteristics. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to identify studies, without time limitations, up to June 13, 2023. Exclusion criteria included prenatal exposure, exposure to indoor air pollution, review studies, conferences, books, letters to editors, and animal and laboratory studies. The quality of the articles was evaluated based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Assessment Form, the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and Drummond Criteria using a self-established scale. The articles that achieved categories A and B were included in the study. Results: Of the 566 studies obtained, based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 92 studies were defined as eligible in the present systematic review. The results of these investigations supported that chronic exposure to various concentrations of air pollutants, increased the prevalence, hospitalization, disability, mortality, and costs of CVDs attributed to air pollution, even at relatively low levels. According to the results, the main pollutant investigated closely associated with hypertension was PM2.5. Furthermore, the global DALY related to stroke during 2016–2019 has increased by 1.8 times and hospitalization related to CVDs in 2023 has increased by 8.5 times compared to 2014. Conclusion: Ambient air pollution is an underestimated but significant and modifiable contributor to CVDs burden and public health costs. This should not only be considered an environmental problem but also as an important risk factor for a significant increase in CVD cases and mortality. The findings of the systematic review highlighted the opportunity to apply more preventive measures in the public health sector to reduce the footprint of CVDs in human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Controversial views exist over the effects of metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes on CVDs. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction (MI) among individuals with excess body weight (EBW). Methods: We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases as of December 9, 2023. Cohort studies involving patients with overweight or obesity that reported the relevant effect measures for the association between metabolic syndrome and MI were included. We excluded studies with incomplete or unavailable original data, reanalysis of previously published data, and those that did not report the adjusted effect sizes. We used the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for quality assessment. Random-effect model meta-analysis was performed. Publication bias was assessed by Begg's test. Results: Overall, nine studies comprising a total of 61,104 participants were included. There was a significant positive association between metabolic syndrome and MI among those with obesity (hazard ratio (HR): 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 2.22). Subgroup analysis showed higher HRs for obesity (1.72; 1.03, 2.88) than overweight (1.58; 1.-13-2.21). Meta-regression revealed no significant association between nationality and risk of MI (p = 0.75). All studies had high qualities. There was no significant publication bias (p = 0.42). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome increased the risk of MI in those with EBW. Further studies are recommended to investigate other risk factors of CVDs in EBW, in order to implement preventive programs to reduce the burden of CVD in obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Baicalin and baicalein are natural flavonoids reported for the first time from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Recently, attention has been paid to these valuable flavonoids due to their promising effects. This paper aims to have a comprehensive review of their pharmacological effects. Materials and Methods: An extensive search through scientific databases including Scopus, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science was established. Results: According to literature, these compounds have been mainly effective in the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, hepatic and cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancers through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of migration and metastasis are the main mechanisms for their cytotoxic and antitumor activities. Decreasing inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, regulating the metabolism of lipids, and decreasing fibrosis, apoptosis, and steatosis are their main hepatoprotective mechanisms. Inhibiting the development of cardiac fibrosis and reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are also the mechanisms suggested for cardioprotective activities. Decreasing the accumulation of inflammatory mediators and improving cognitive function and depressive-like behaviours are the main mechanisms for neurological and neurodegenerative activities. Conclusion: The findings suggest the therapeutic potential of baicalin and baicalein. However, complementary research in different in vitro and in vivo models to investigate their mechanisms of action as well as clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hypoxia is a physiological state characterized by reduced oxygen levels in organs and tissues. It is a common clinicopathological process and a major cause of health problems in highland areas. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the balance in autonomic innervation to the heart. It provides valuable information on the regulation of the cardiovascular system by neurohumoral factors, and changes in HRV reflect the complex interactions between multiple systems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and HRV. We summarize the different mechanisms of diseases caused by hypoxia and explore the changes in HRV across various systems. Additionally, we discuss relevant pharmaceutical interventions. Overall, this review aims to provide research ideas and assistance for in-depth studies on HRV. By understanding the intricate relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and HRV, we can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches to mitigate the effects of hypoxia on cardiovascular and other systems. Methods: The relevant literature was collected systematically from scientific database, including PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of hypoxia. Results: There is a close relationship between heart rate variability and high-altitude hypoxia. Heart rate variability is an indicator that evaluates the impact of hypoxia on the cardiovascular system and other related systems. By improving the observation of HRV, we can estimate the progress of cardiovascular diseases and predict the impact on other systems related to cardiovascular health. At the same time, changes in heart rate variability can be used to observe the efficacy of preventive drugs for altitude related diseases. Conclusions: HRV can be used to assess autonomic nervous function under various systemic conditions, and can be used to predict and monitor diseases caused by hypoxia at high altitude. Investigating the correlation between high altitude hypoxia and heart rate variability can help make HRV more rapid, accurate, and effective for the diagnosis of plateau-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The human being is defined as a 'superorganism' since it is made up of its own cells and microorganisms that reside inside and outside the human body. Commensal microorganisms, which are even ten times more numerous than the cells present in the body, perform very important functions for the host, as they contribute to the health of the host, resist pathogens, maintain homeostasis, and modulate the immune system. In the mouth, there are different types of microorganisms, such as viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa, often organized in communities. The aim of this umbrella review is to evaluate if there is a connection between the oral microbiome and systematic diseases. Methodology: A literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, the COCHRANE library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without any restrictions. Because of the large number of articles included and the wide range of methods and results among the studies found, it was not possible to report the results in the form of a systematic review or meta-analysis. Therefore, a narrative review was conducted. We obtained 73.931 results, of which 3593 passed the English language filter. After the screening of the titles and abstracts, non-topic entries were excluded, but most articles obtained concerned interactions between the oral microbiome and systemic diseases. Discussion: A description of the normal microbial flora was present in the oral cavity both in physiological conditions and in local pathological conditions and in the most widespread systemic pathologies. Furthermore, the therapeutic precautions that the clinician can follow in order to intervene on the change in the microbiome have been described. Conclusions: This review highlights what are the intercorrelations of the oral microbiota in healthy subjects and in subjects in pathological conditions. According to several recent studies, there is a clear correlation between dysbiosis of the oral microbiota and diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with inflammation playing a key role. Biologic and targeted synthetic drugs used to treat RA can induce systemic immunomodulation and may have pleiotropic effects on vascular function, making it crucial to investigate their impact on CVD risk in RA patients. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to investigate the impact of biologic and targeted synthetic treatments approved for RA on various cardiovascular markers, including endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Our analysis included a search of the MedLine (via PubMed) and Web of Science databases using a pre-determined search strategy. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the included studies due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures. Results: From an initial pool of 647 records, we excluded 327 studies based on their titles and abstracts, and we selected 182 studies for final examination. Ultimately, 58 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review. Our analysis of these studies revealed a positive effect of biologic and targeted synthetic therapies on vascular dysfunction associated with RA. However, the impact of these treatments on subclinical atherosclerosis was inconsistent. Conclusion: Overall, our systematic review provides important insights into the potential cardiovascular benefits of biologic and targeted synthetic treatments for RA by a still unknown mechanism. These findings can inform clinical practice and contribute to our understanding of their possible effects on early vascular pathology. Key Points • Great heterogeneity of methods are used to evaluate the endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with RA on biologic and targeted synthetic antirheumatic drugs. • Most studies have shown a considerable improvement in endothelial function and arterial stiffness with TNFi, despite some studies reporting only transient or no improvement. • Anakinra and tocilizumab may have a beneficial effect on vascular function and endothelial injury, as indicated by increased FMD, coronary flow reserve, and reduced levels of biomarkers of endothelial function, while the overall impact of JAKi and rituximab remains inconclusive based on the reviewed studies. • To fully comprehend the distinctions between biologic therapies, more long-term, well-designed clinical trials are necessary using a homogeneous methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death worldwide for a long time. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases, there are many debatable issues. In recent years, an increasing number of scientific reports have appeared regarding the presence of common mechanisms in the development of bone tissue and arterial calcification. One of the connecting links in this interaction is considered to be the impact of osteocalcin. Osteocalcin is a vitamin K-dependent protein of the bone matrix, synthesized by osteoblasts. The main function of osteocalcin is the synthesis of hydroxyapatites as main mineral component of bone tissue. In addition, osteocalcin has a wide range of extraosseous effects, the most studied is participation in the regulation of glycolipid and energy metabolism. Research on the osteocalcin role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases are scarce, the available data is contradictory. For a deeper understanding of this problem, we conducted a systematic analysis of modern literature based on data from the scientific databases Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for 2013–2023. According to its results, osteocalcin is a potential biomarker of cardiovascular status, its increased values are associated with a potentially protective mechanism against the development of cardiovascular diseases. Contradictory views on the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism of influence of general osteocalcin and its forms on the course of cardiovascular diseases necessitate conduction of further research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Evidence has shown controversial results between radical and partial nephrectomy. • Partial nephrectomy shows a decrease risk of early-stage chronic kidney disease. • Partial nephrectomy demonstrated a protective effect on cardiovascular events. • Benefit of partial nephrectomy is not maintained in advanced chronic kidney disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the postoperative renal and cardiovascular outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN) versus radical nephrectomy (RN) for the treatment of renal carcinoma. A systematic literature search was performed on scientific databases including Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from their inception to September 2021. Studies comparing renal and cardiovascular outcomes between PN and RN in patients with renal cancer were included. The generic inverse variance method with random-effects models was used to determine the pooled hazard ratios and odds ratio for each outcome. Quality Assessment for observational studies was guided by the New-Castle Ottawa Scale. Overall, a total of 31 studies (n=51,866) reported renal outcomes, while 11 studies (n= 101,678) reported cardiovascular outcomes. When compared to PN, RN had a higher rate of new-onset postoperative EGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 3.39; CI 2.45 - 4.70; I2=93%; P=<0.00001) and EGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 4.70; CI 2.26 - 9.79; I2=98%; P=<0.0001). No difference was observed in new-onset advanced kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. A 19% reduction in cardiovascular events was observed in the PN group (HR 0.81; CI 0.70 - 0.93, P=0.002). No protective effect of PN was observed in new-onset or worsening hypertension (HR 0.85; CI 0.64 - 1.14, P=0.28) nor myocardial infarction (HR 0.86; CI 0.71 - 1.04, P=0.13). PN was associated with a decreased risk of postoperative early-stage CKD and cardiovascular events compared with RN. However, no benefit of PN over RN was observed in advanced CKD, new-onset or worsening hypertension, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, which is a new surrogate indicator of insulin resistance (IR), is thought to be associated with many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, but its relationship with cerebrovascular disease is still controversial. Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Medline databases were searched until March 2022 to evaluate the association between the TyG index and cerebrovascular disease risk. A random‒effects model was used to calculate the effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 19 cohort studies and 10 case‒control/cross‒sectional studies were included in our study, which included 11,944,688 participants. Compared with a low TyG index, a higher TyG index increased the risk of cerebrovascular disease (RR/HR = 1.22, 95% CI [1.14, 1.30], P< 0.001; OR = 1.15, 95% CI [1.07, 1.23], P< 0.001). Furthermore, the results of the dose-response analysis of the cohort study demonstrated that the risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.19 times per 1 mg/dl increment of the TyG index (relative risk = 1.19, 95% CI [1.13,1.25], P< 0.001). Conclusion: TyG index is related to cerebrovascular disease. More data and basic research are needed to confirm the association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training is potentially an effective non-pharmacological strategy to restore mitochondrial health in CVD. However, how exercise modifies mitochondrial functionality is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed; Scopus and Web of Science databases to investigate the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial function in CVD patients. Search terms included "mitochondria", "exercise", "aerobic capacity", and "cardiovascular disease" in varied combination. The search yielded 821 records for abstract screening, of which 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. We summarized the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative capacity, antioxidant capacity, and quality. Amongst these parameters, only oxidative capacity was suitable for a meta-analysis, which demonstrated a significant effect size of exercise in improving mitochondrial oxidative capacity in CVD patients (SMD = 4.78; CI = 2.99 to 6.57; p < 0.01), but with high heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 75%, p = 0.003). Notably, aerobic exercise enhanced succinate-involved oxidative phosphorylation. The majority of the results suggested that exercise improves morphology and biogenesis, whereas findings on dynamic, antioxidant capacity, and quality, were inadequate or inconclusive. A further randomized controlled trial is clearly required to explain how exercise modifies the pathway of mitochondrial quantity and quality in CVD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aimed to investigate the different types of microparticles playing role in obesity-related diseases. Additionally, the factors participating in changing the microparticles amount in obese people will also be discussed. The authors collected the relevant articles published until 2023 and these are carefully selected from three scientific databases based on keywords. It has been revealed that exercise might change the microparticle content in the body. The other factor which participates in obesity process is the oxidative stress which is increased in microparticles. Moreover, the obesity is implicated in metabolic conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. More than one-third of people on the planet today are known as overweight individuals. Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that are found in healthy people's blood and are elevated in patients with pathological conditions such as obesity. MPs mostly come from platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Considering the effect of obesity on microparticles, these small membrane-bound vesicles might play a crucial role in preventing or treatment of obesity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amounting epidemiological evidence has shown detrimental effects of heavy metals on a wide range of diseases. However, the effect of heavy metal exposure on mortality in the general population remains unclear. The primary objective of this study was to clarify the associations between heavy metals and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer based on prospective studies. We comprehensively searched Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science electronic databases to identify studies published from their inception until 1 March 2022. Investigators identified inclusion criteria, extracted study characteristics, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies according to standardized guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted if the effect estimates of the same outcome were reported in at least three studies. Finally, 42 original studies were identified. The results of meta-analysis showed that cadmium and lead exposure was significantly associated with mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer in the general population. Moderate evidence suggested there was a link between arsenic exposure and mortality. The adverse effects of mercury and other heavy metals on mortality were inconclusive. Epidemiological evidence for the joint effect of heavy metal exposure on mortality was still indeterminate. In summary, our study provided compelling evidence that exposure to cadmium, lead, and arsenic were associated with mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer, while the evidence on other heavy metals, for example mercury, was insignificant or indeterminate. Nevertheless, further prospective studies are warranted to explore the joint effects of multiple metal exposure on mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mean platelet volume (MPV) was investigated by many medical disciplines for different disease groups. But, the use of MPV values in clinical practice is limited. In this study, it is aimed to make a bibliometric analysis of studies on MPV over the Web of Science database and also to reveal Turkey's contribution to this issue. Materials and methods: This bibliometric analysis was performed in June 2021 as a result of a search for mean platelet volume (MPV) in all indexes in the Web of Science (WOS) database. Results: The most of the MPV studies in the world were conducted on hematology (1256, 18.9%), general internal medicine (746, 11.2%), peripheral vascular diseases (579, 8.7%), cardiology/cardiovascular system diseases (537, 8%), experimental medicine research departments (376, 5.6%), and surgical sciences (342, 5.1%) in the fields of science/subject. The rank of emergency medicine is 64 (0.9%) in the world and 41 (2.1%) in Turkey. 17 of the 25 authors who published the most were Turkish. Conclusion: In many studies, when the standard deviations are taken into account, the difference between the groups cannot be seen mathematically, even if they are statistically different. Therefore, the use of MPV values in clinical practice is limited. However, these studies suggest that academic promotion is aimed rather than contributing to the scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has long been the focus of interest due to its promising effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize findings from existing human intervention studies evaluating the effect of ALA on vascular function. We performed a systematic search in the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of science electronic databases from inception until 1 July 2020. A total of 1106 records were identified from the database search, of which 12 were eligible: nine addressed chronic effects and three measured acute effects of ALA on vascular function. Of 11 trials that evaluated endothelial function by methods such as flow-mediated dilation (n = 7), reactive hyperemia (n = 2) and ACh-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation (n = 2), 10 reported a significant improvement in endothelial function. In contrast, none of six trials examining the response of endothelium-independent vasodilation reported the favorable impact. The effect of ALA on arterial stiffness measures has been poorly studied. ALA appears to improve endothelial function through increasing the bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide as well as decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, these results suggest improvement of endothelial function, but not endothelium-independent vasodilation as a potential mechanism by which ALA attenuates cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism. Elevated soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) levels are also associated with increased risk of above diseases. But whether sP-selectin levels in OSA patients are higher than their counterparts remain unclear, since previous studies yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, a meta-analysis is warranted. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies. Studies were included if they reported sP-selectin levels of both OSA patients and non-OSA controls. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the effect sizes. Results: Nine eligible studies were finally evaluated. When all the studies were pooled, sP-selectin levels in OSA patients were significantly higher than that in controls (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI 0.29–0.78, I2 = 66%, p < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis based on BMI matched groups, sP-selectin levels were significantly higher in OSA patients than that in controls (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI 0.27–0.76, I2 = 23%, p < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis stratified by blood source, either serum sP-selectin levels or plasma sP-selectin levels in OSA patients were higher than that in controls. Moderate-to-severe OSA patients had significant higher sP-selectin levels (SMD = 0.80, 95% CI 0.45–1.15, I2 = 67%, p < 0.00001), while mild OSA patients showed no significant difference with controls. Conclusion: The pooled results reveal that OSA patients have higher sP-selectin levels than non-OSA controls. This conclusion remains unaltered in all subgroups other than the subgroup of mild OSA patients. Additional studies are warranted to better identify the role of sP-selectin as a potential biomarker in OSA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of resistance training on flow-mediated dilation (FMD), which has been the gold standard non-invasive assessment of endothelial function and is associated with the risk of cardiovascular events, are not well known. We conducted a systematic review to analyze the effects of resistance training on FMD. We searched Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscuss, Scopus, Web of Science and PEDro databases for studies that met the following criteria: (a) randomized controlled trials of resistance exercise with a comparative non-exercise group or contralateral untrained limb in adults and/or elderly; (b) studies that measured post-occlusion brachial artery FMD by ultrasonography, before and after intervention. Mean differences (MDs) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated using an inverse variance method with a random effects model. Twenty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 785 participants; 53 % females). Resistance training on FMD responses showed a favorable result for the resistance training group (n = 366) compared to the control group (n = 358) (MD 2.39, 95%CI 1.65, 3.14; p< 0.00001). Subgroup analysis indicated favorable results for the dynamic resistance training (n = 545; MD 2.12, 95 % CI 1.26, 2.98; p< 0.00001) and isometric handgrip training (n = 179; MD 3.32, 95 % CI 1.68, 4.96; p< 0.0001) compared to the control group. The effect of resistance training on FMD responses was also favorable regardless of the condition of the participants (Healthy [n = 261]: MD 2.11, 95 % CI 1.04, 3.18; p< 0.0001; Cardiovascular disease [n = 310]: MD 2.89, 95 % CI 0.88, 4.90; p = 0.005; metabolic disease [n = 153]: MD 2.40, 95 % CI 1.59, 3.21; p< 0.00001). Resistance training improves FMD in healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. [Display omitted] • This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyze the effects of resistance training on endothelial function. • Dynamic and isometric resistance training improves endothelial function in healthy subjects and those with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. • The improvements of endothelial function is 2.28–3.32%, which is clinically relevant for cardiovascular health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rosacea and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are chronic inflammatory disorders. While CVD is the leading cause of mortality globally, increasing evidence indicates that CVD prevalence could be higher among patients with rosacea. Aims: This review aimed to determine the association between the prevalence of CVD and rosacea. Patients/Methods: A systematic review of observational studies with controls available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases was conducted. We performed a pooled meta‐analysis using random‐effects weighting. Overall, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, which indicated increased odds for at least one risk factor of CVD, including diabetes, high blood pressure, or dyslipidemia. Results: The pooled meta‐analysis indicated an association of rosacea with higher odds of insulin resistance or diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97‐1.45), high systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.35‐2.84), dyslipidemia (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.88), and CVD (OR, 6.65; 95% CI, 2.80‐15.76). No publication bias was detected. The effect of confounding factors due to overlapping symptoms and lack of individual‐level data were limitations of this review. Conclusion: Patients with rosacea have a high risk of CVD. However, further studies are warranted to confirm the association between rosacea and CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The today s most concerning problem in the world is the morbidity and mortality following covid19 infection. The aim of this study is to investigate different factors and their impacts on mortality rate of covid19 patients. In this review article, recent studies from February 2019 to April 2021 were assessed using English and Persian resources. The keywords were Covid19, mortality rate, underlying diseases, and demographic factors which were investigated through PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Iran Medex, Ovid, Scopus, Scientific information database and Magi ran. At first 298 articles were collected. Then titles and abstracts were assessed. Due to inclusive, exclusive criteria, and aims of research, 51 articles were selected and entered to the study. Underlying diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity could lead to the increase of covid19 complications and mortality by weakening the immune system, producing inflammation, inducing metabolic disorders, coagulopathy, and impairing respiratory system function. Demographic factors like age, sex, race and occupation could affect mortality rate of covid19 patients due to physiologic differences, rate of contacts, and protection measures. The impact of life-style on covid19 complications and mortality and preventing measures needed for modifications could be of high-interest in the future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies evaluating fish consumption and cardiovascular disease events have shown inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications from an extensive query of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to September 2020 for observational studies that reported the association between fish consumption and cardiovascular disease events. We identified and reviewed 24 studies related to fish consumption and the effect on cardiovascular outcomes. The study population included a total of 714,526 individuals and multiple cohorts from several countries. We found that nonfried fish consumption is probably associated with a reduced risk of overall cardiovascular disease events and myocardial infarction risk. In contrast, fried fish consumption is probably associated with an increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease events and myocardial infarction risk. No studies to date have shown any significant association between fish consumption and stroke. Our analysis suggests that fish consumption may reduce cardiovascular disease events, but fried fish consumption was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wide availability of electronic medical data from multiple sources, such as clinical settings and wearable devices, evidences an important opportunity for the analysis of non-communicable diseases with high mortality rates globally and costly management expenditures, like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular or chronic respiratory diseases. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have a great potential to use the information obtained from the constant monitoring of physiological parameters to create models that can serve as support in the warning of possible health complications, enabling medical professionals to provide anticipated care, thus benefiting national economies through reduction of medical expenses. The present study is a systematic review of different scientific databases taking two time periods, from 1956 to 2021 and from 2011 to 2021, to show the trends in the use of artificial intelligence algorithms and the performances obtained in the monitoring and detection of non-communicable diseases using electronic data. It is found that the analysis of cancer data predominates over that of other non-communicable diseases; also, the best performance of AI techniques was not achieved by artificial neural networks despite being the most reported computing systems in the time period considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To systematically evaluate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the risk of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for cohort studies that were published since the databases were launched, until 1 April 2020. We selected papers according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the citations. Data from eligible studies were used to calculate the combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The search identified 1048 potentially eligible records, and 10 studies (n = 1442) were selected. Eight studies reported all-cause mortality, and two studies reported cardiovascular events. The combined HR of all-cause mortality was 1.45 (95% CI 1.20–1.75) and the HR of cardiovascular events was 1.52 (95% CI 1.33–1.72) when NLR was considered as a categorical variable. Similarly, the association between NLR and all-cause mortality was confirmed (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.23–1.48) when NLR was used as a continuous variable. NLR is a predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The women's global health agenda has recently been reformulated to address more accurately cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The aim of the present work was to review the global and national policies and practices that address sex equality in health with a focus on CVDs in women. Scientific databases and health organizations' websites that presented/discussed policies and initiative targeting to enhance a sex-centered approach regarding general health and/or specifically cardiac health care were reviewed in a systematic way. In total, 61 relevant documents were selected. The selected policies and initiatives included position statements, national action plans, evidence-based guidelines, guidance/recommendations, awareness campaigns, regulations/legislation, and state-of-the art reports by national/international projects and conferences. The target audiences of large stakeholders (eg, American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) were female citizens, health professionals, and researchers. Much as policy-makers have recognized the sex/gender gap in the CVD field, there is still much to be done. Thereby, tailor-made strategies should be designed, evaluated, and delivered on a global and most importantly a national basis to achieve gender equity with regard to CVDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is a major cause of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in cardiovascular patients in Iran by meta-analysis. Methods: The search was carried out using authentic Persian and English keywords in national and international databases including IranMedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engine without any time limitation until 2017. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 statistic . Data were analyzed using STATA 11.1. Results: In 66 reviewed studies with a sample of 111,406 participants, the prevalence of hypertension was 44% in Iranian patients with cardiovascular disease 67%(95%CI: 38%-49%) in women and 42% in men. The prevalence of systolic hypertension in cardiac patients was 25%, diastolic 20%, diabetes 27%, and overexposure 43%. The prevalence of hypertension was 44% in patients with coronary artery disease, 50% in myocardial infarction, 33% in aortic aneurysm, and 44% in cardiac failure. Conclusions: Hypertension has a higher prevalence in women with cardiovascular disease than men, and it increases with age. Among patients with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction patients have the highest levels of hypertension. The prevalence of systolic hypertension in cardiac patients is higher than diastolic hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is growing. CVDs are the major cause of mortality and have become one of the most important health challenges in developing countries. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural phytochemical which has been widely used against multiple conditions. The present review was designed to evaluate molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of this agent against CVDs. Materials and Methods: Data discussed in this review were collected from the articles published in databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Scientific Information Database between 1993 and 2018. Results: According to the experimental studies, GA has protective actions against CVDs through increasing antioxidant enzymes capacity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and decreasing serum levels of cardiac marker enzymes, modulation of hemodynamic parameters, recovery of electrocardiogram aberrations, and preservation of histopathological changes. Conclusion: GA has potential cardioprotective action. Therefore, it has been suggested that this agent can be administered in underlying of CVDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), is performed to treat many malignancies such as autologous or allogenic. Despite the success of this method in treating patients, - sometimes some HSCT recipients face problems such as cardiovascular complications. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in post-transplant patients. In order to review the published studies, we examined PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and web of science databases from the beginning to the end of January 2022, and we used tools by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to evaluate the quality of the studies. In this study, 37 articles were included in the meta-analysis and 30,957 patients were examined. Also, the mean age of patients was 35.37 years. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), was 16.84%. In addition, other complications related to CVD which include Arrhythmias, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), Hypertension, stroke, and mortality were examined in patients who had hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the resulting amounts were 3.91%, 3.66, 17.71, 0.22%, and 1.53%, respectively. This study showed that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is high and needs special attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies evaluating alcohol consumption and cardiovascular diseases have shown inconsistent results.Methods: We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications from an extensive query of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to March 2022 for all studies that reported the association between alcohol consumption in terms of quantity (daily or weekly amounts) and type of beverage (wine, beer or spirit) and cardiovascular disease events.Results: The study population included a total of 1,579,435 individuals based on 56 cohorts from several countries. We found that moderate wine consumption defined as 1-4 drinks per week was associated with a reduction in risk for cardiovascular mortality when compared with beer or spirits. However, higher risk for cardiovascular disease mortality was typically seen with heavier daily or weekly alcohol consumption across all types of beverages.Conclusions: It is possible that the observational studies may overestimate the benefits of alcohol for cardiovascular disease outcomes. Although moderate wine consumption is probably associated with low cardiovascular disease events, there are many confounding factors, in particular, lifestyle, genetic, and socioeconomic associations with wine drinking, which likely explain much of the association with wine and reduced cardiovascular disease events. Further prospective study of alcohol and all-cause mortality, including cancer, is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The burden of cardiovascular disease on both the healthcare system and patients’ quality of life is a topic that has been discussed and researched a lot through the years, in part owing to the transition from a strictly mechanistic approach to disease to a biopsychosocial one that incorporates many different factors besides the pathophysiologic mechanism and objective parameters of disease activity.1-3 However, it often feels that some aspects are still not talked about often enough, one of which is the effect that cardiovascular disease has on sexual behavior and function of humans. Materials and Methods: A search of the literature has been performed in the MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases using combinations of keywords “cardiovascular disease”, “sexual behavior”, “sexual function”, “sexual dysfunction”. Results: Narrative reviews, original research papers and professional society guidelines were examined to extrapolate data and recommendations regarding sexual activity and behavior in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease. The resulting paper describes ways in which physiologic changes that occur in cardiovascular disease impact sexual function, the influence of cardiovascular medications on sexual function and behavior and several recommendations for sexual behavior and habit modifications that improve patient health and protect them from risk of unwanted cardiovascular events. Conclusion: The combination of altered physiology and medications used to treat cardiovascular disease significantly impacts normal sexual function. Seeing as sexuality is recognized as a basic human right and fundamental need with a significant impact on quality of life, some attention should be diverted to educating patients how to maintain normal and healthy sexual function despite suffering from cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Considerable controversy remains on the relationship between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease risk. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the association between egg consumption and overall cardiovascular disease events.Methods: We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception in 1966 through January 2020 for observational studies that reported the association between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease events. Two investigators independently reviewed data. Conflicts were resolved through consensus. Random-effects meta-analyses were used. Sources of heterogeneity were analyzed.Results: We identified 23 prospective studies with a median follow-up of 12.28 years. A total of 1,415,839 individuals with a total of 123,660 cases and 157,324 cardiovascular disease events were included. Compared with the consumption of no or 1 egg/day, higher egg consumption (more than 1 egg/day) was not associated with significantly increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease events (pooled hazard ratios, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.06; P < .001; I² = 72.1%). Higher egg consumption (more than 1 egg/day) was associated with a significantly decreased risk of coronary artery disease (pooled hazard ratios, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.93; P < .001; I² = 0%), compared with consumption of no or 1 egg/day.Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that higher consumption of eggs (more than 1 egg/day) was not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but was associated with a significant reduction in risk of coronary artery disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at significantly higher risk of developing Cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is a lack of literature that describes and summarise T2DM patients' knowledge and perception of CVD prevention. Objectives: To describe the extent of knowledge and perceptions of illness among T2DM patients concerning the current CVD preventive approaches. Methods: We adopted the methodology of systematic scoping review to guide in selecting the included articles, extracting and charting the results. We have retrieved the included studies from three scientific databases; Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed. A multistage screening process was followed. It considers relevancy, publication year (2009-2018), English language, and article type (original research involving T2DM patients). We formulated research questions focused on the assessment of levels of knowledge and perceptions of the illness relevant to CVD prevention. Results: A total of 16 studies were included. The findings showed variation in terms of T2DM patients' knowledge and perceptions of individual CVD risk factors. The patients tended to overemphasize the role of lab tests in assessing CVD risks. It seems that the need for multifactorial risk assessments was overlooked. There were relatively negative perceptions of the benefits of CVD preventive medication therapies. The majority of the studies highlighted knowledge deficits. The patients' perceptions were linked to their degree of adherence to lifestyle and pharmacotherapy recommendations. Conclusion: This work underpinned the prevalence of low levels of knowledge as well as negative perceptions towards T2DM illness, and its recommended CVD prevention measures. Therefore, customized initiatives and educational interventions for T2DM patients, concerning CVD preventive measures are probably needed and are strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged inflammation could be considered as the leading cause of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, type two diabetes, and obesity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is considered an antioxidant. The present meta-analysis aims to determine the efficacy of NAC in alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress. PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Embase databases and Google Scholar were searched up to Nov 2019. Random effect analysis was used to perform meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were carried out to find heterogeneity sources. Meta-regression analysis was used to explore linear relationship between effect size and variables. Trim and fill analysis were performed in case of the presence of publication bias. Quality assessment was performed using Cochrane Collaboration's tool. A total of 28 studies were included in meta-analysis. NAC significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD = −1.44 μmol/L; 95% CI: −2.05, −0.84; P < 0.001), IL-8 (WMD = −2.56 pg/ml; 95% CI: −3.89, −1.23; P < 0.001) and homocysteine (WMD = −1.45 pg/ml; 95% CI: −2.74, −0.17; P = 0.027) levels. There were no significant effects of NAC supplementation on CRP (SMD = −0.1 g/L; 95% CI: −0.52, 0.32; P = 0.647), TNF- α (WMD = −0.2 pg/ml; 95% CI: −0.65, 0.25; P = 0.378) and IL-6 (WMD = −0.41 pg/ml; 95% CI: −1.15, 0.32; P = 0.270) levels. However, NAC effects were significant in ameliorating TNF-α and IL-6 using sensitivity analysis. NAC significantly decreased MDA, IL-8, and homocysteine levels. The effects of NAC on amending TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significant after sensitivity analysis. No significant change was observed on CRP levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, interest in health research has increased, making improved health a global goal for 2030. The purpose of such research is to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing across individuals of all ages. It has been shown that nutrition plays a key role in the prevention of some chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. One of the aspects that characterises a healthy diet is a high intake of vegetables and fruits, as both are flavonoid-rich foods. Flavonoids are one of the main subclasses of dietary polyphenols and possess strong antioxidant activity and anti-carcinogenic properties. Moreover, some population-based studies have described a relationship between cancer risk and dietary flavonoid intake. In this context, the goal of this review was to provide an updated evaluation of the association between the risk of different types of cancers and dietary flavonoid intake. We analysed all relevant epidemiological studies from January 2008 to March 2019 using the PUBMED and Web of Science databases. In summary, this review concludes that dietary flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of different types of cancer, such as gastric, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]