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In real industrial electronic applications that involve batteries, the inevitable health degradation of batteries would result in both the shorter battery service life and decreased performance. In this article, an attention-based model is proposed for Li-ion battery calendar health prognostics, i.e., the capacity forecaster based on knowledge-data-driven attention (CFKDA), which will be the first work that applies attention mechanism to benefit battery calendar health monitor and management. By taking the battery empirical knowledge as the foundation of its crucial part, i.e., the knowledge-driven attention module, the CFKDA has realized a satisfactory combination of the complementary domain knowledge and data, which has improved both its theoretic strength and prognostic performance significantly. Experimental studies on practical battery calendar ageing demonstrate the superiority of CFKDA in forecasting and generalizing to unwitnessed conditions over both state-of-the-art knowledge-driven and data-driven calendar health prognostic models, implying that the introduction of domain knowledge in CFKDA has brought a significant performance improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prediction of battery calendar ageing is a key but challenging issue in the development of durable electric vehicles. This paper simultaneously evaluates three mainstream types of modelling techniques for calendar ageing prediction of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. They are the pseudo two dimensional (P2D)-based electrochemical model, Arrhenius law-based semi-empirical model, and Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based data-driven model. Specifically, both the electrochemical and semi-empirical models are consciously developed or selected from the state-of-the-art modelling literature. For the data-driven model, due to the limited research in the existing publications, a machine learning-enabled GPR model is derived and applied for calendar ageing prediction. An experimental setup is developed to load the commercial Panasonic NCR18650BD batteries and to collect the experimental calendar ageing data under different storage temperature and SOC levels over 435 days. Based upon this well-rounded database, each model is well trained through using its corresponding training solution. Then the prediction performances of these models are studied and evaluated in terms of the model accuracy, generalization ability and uncertainty management. Both the challenges and future prospects of each model type are highlighted to assist the industrial and academic research communities, thus boosting the progress of designing advanced modelling techniques in battery calendar ageing prediction domain. • Accurate predictions of calendar ageing are crucial for battery real applications. • Three representative modelling techniques are evaluated based on a well-rounded database. • The accuracy, generalization ability and uncertainty management of these models are compared. • Benefits and key challenges of each model type are systematically analysed and discussed. • Inspiring future prospects are given toward the improvement of existing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

—Batteries are acknowledged as an important carrier for next-generation energy and future electrification. Capacity degradation is an inevitable process that will eventually lead to a decline in battery performance. This paper presents a battery degradation trajectory prognostics approach under storage conditions based on the data-driven method with necessary knowledge inspiration. This data-driven approach is based on Support Vector Regression (SVR), incorporating mechanisms and empirical knowledge of battery calendar aging as the kernel. The developed data-driven approach is evaluated using two real but different capacity degradation datasets: Dataset A has two storage temperatures (25 °C and 45 °C) and storage SoCs (50% and 90%), while Dataset B has the same storage temperatures but four different storage SoCs (20%, 50%, 70% and 95%). The illustrative results show that the developed SVR-based data-driven approach with the battery knowledge-motivated kernel can make accurate future capacity prognostics under different storage conditions. Due to the superiority of its flexibility and knowledge-data-motivation, the developed approach could be extended and help engineers monitor or capture the future capacity degradation trajectory of other types of batteries when their relevant data become available, which in turn will benefit the life management of battery-based energy storage applications. • Knowledge-motivated data-driven method for battery degradation is achieved. • Mechanism knowledge and empirical knowledge are completely coupled. • A long-term capacity degradation trajectory prediction method is proposed. • The methodologies are completely validated based on experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]