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Although apodization patterns have been adopted for the analysis of sputtering sources, the analytical solutions for the film thickness equations are yet limited to only simple conditions. Empirical formulations for thin film sputtering lacking the flexibility in dealing with multi-substrate conditions, a suitable cost-effective procedure is required to estimate the film thickness distribution. This study reports a cross-discipline simulation program, which is based on discrete particle Monte-Carlo methods and has been successfully applied to a non-imaging design to solve problems associated with sputtering uniformity. Robustness of the present method is first proved by comparing it with a typical analytical solution. Further, this report also investigates the overall all effects cause by the sizes of the deposited substrate, such that the determination of the distance between the target surface and the apodization index can be complete. This verifies the capability of the proposed method for solving the sputtering film thickness problems. The benefit is that an optical thin film engineer can, using the same optical software, design a specific optical component and consider the possible coating qualities with thickness tolerance, during the design stage.

In this study, the Mg doping effects on the nanostructural dependence of photoluminescence and the photosensing properties in Zn1−xMgxO (x = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) nanorod arrays were systematically examined. The vertical-aligned nanorod arrays were separately grown on ZnO-seeded n-Si substrates via a low-temperature hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays exhibited the same preferentially c-oriented wurtzite structure. Images of all the Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays provided by field emission scanning electron microscope showed that both the length and diameter of the Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays increased with increasing Mg doping concentration. Also, an enhanced blue-shifted ultraviolet (UV) emission and a reduced visible emission were observed from the photoluminescence spectra of the Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays. The former indicated the decrease of defects and the latter indicated the enhancement of the crystallinity and the increase in optical bandgap. Current–voltage curves were separately measured in the dark and under UV illumination. Finally, the mechanism of the Mg doping effects on the corresponding defects, bandgap, and UV photosensing characteristics of the Zn1−xMgxO nanorod arrays was investigated in detail.

Ti O2 is well recognized as the electrode for large display technology. Hydrogen generation can also be achieved by the Ti O2 array. This report reveals the using of the liquid crystal device as illuminators to explore the optimal combination of the TiO 2 sample and provide a as a performance exploring for the Hydrogen generating. Advantages and the drawbacks of the present proposal can inspire the diligence of the display technology for new energy exploration.

Simulation of the immersed light source with microstructure on the emitting surface is critical for next generation optical and bio-photonics components. Several design procedures that corresponding to the modulation of the emitting pattern is addressed. The writers are at present operating on a MOST project "Investigation of Solid Human Eye Model with 3D Printing Technology and the Evaluation on the Associate Specialized Optoelectronic Sensing Structures Fabrication to the Biocompatible Surface". We are preparing the methodology that can construct the human eye model with immersed emitting energy by the 3D printing material, and furnishes the real time estimation on the image qualities of the human eye. Our aim is to build a practical platform to evaluate the immersed optical-electronic components of the human eye. By doing this, the evaluation of the visual qualities can be amended, and it becomes possible for us to fill in an accurate measurement system that based on the eye model with immersed source. In this account, we provide several comments on the conduct of the immersed light source and the application to the details human eye modeling.