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This work reports the development of low-cost and rapid multiplexed colorimetric assay of antioxidants (total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, flavonoids and anthocyanins) in wines at daisy-shaped fluidic paper-based analytical devices (PADs). The desired fluidic patterns were formed on paper by pen drawing and colorimetric reagents were immobilized at the 6 peripheral test zones. The sample was added at the central sample zone, migrated to the test zones and reacted with the immobilized reagents producing characteristic colors that were captured and analyzed. The paper-based approach was applied to the analysis of several wine samples and the results were statistically correlated to standard solution-based colorimetric assays, indicating that it could be reliably used for ranking wines according to their antioxidants content. In addition, the paper-based analytical methodology is simple, instrument-free, portable, cost-effective, rapid and environment friendly., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Total antioxidants play a crucial role in human health, and detection of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has broad application prospects in fields such as food safety, environmental assessment, and disease diagnosis. However, a long detection time, cumbersome steps, high cost, reliance on professional equipment, and nonportability still remain significant challenges. In this work, an efficient strategy of point-of-care testing (POCT) of the TAC in body fluids by nanozyme-catalyzed colorimetric paper-based microfluidic sensors is proposed. The paper-based microfluidic sensors coupled with a smartphone can reduce testing costs and provide portability. The nanozyme prepared by the solvothermal method presents Michaelis constants of 0.11 and 0.129 mM for H 2 O 2 and TMB, respectively. A method for immobilizing nanozymes and chromogenic agents on a paper-based microfluidic chip is established. Based on smartphone photography and image grayscale extraction, the TAC can be qualitatively detected with a detection limit and linear range of 33.4 and 50-700 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed sensor can realize the one-step quantitative analysis of the TAC in body fluids (blood, saliva, and sweat) within 15 min. The proposed nanozyme-catalyzed colorimetric paper-based microfluidic sensors presented in this study exhibit promising application prospects in the fields of biochemical analysis and POCT.

A µPAD to determine the total polyphenol content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteau (FC) method, and antioxidant capacity by ABTS method, coupling an in-situ pretreatment zone with Carrez reagents is proposed. Conditions of FC, K 2 S 2 O 8 , ABTS reagents concentrations, pH, and incubation were established using 2 k factorial designs. The proposed µPAD showed linearities upper than 0.99 in ranges 0.150-2.000 mg L -1 and 0.100-1.000 mg L -1 for FC and ABTS methods, respectively, detection limits were lower than 0.135 mg L -1 , precision lower than 13.47 %, and recoveries between 82.27 % and 114.60 %. Ten different food samples were analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the µPAD, and the results were compared with those obtained by the batch methods, showing no significant differences (p > 0.05). The µPAD in-situ sample treatment allowed removing interferences before the TPC and ABTS detection avoiding overestimation of the results., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this work, we prepared novel cellulosic paper by incorporating tannin into the kraft pulp for potential application in active food packaging. The kraft pulp fibers were firstly periodate oxidized to obtain the dialdehyde cellulosic fibers, and then reacted with varied dosages of tannin to incorporate them into the fibers by covalent bondings between aldehyde groups on cellulose and active hydrogen on tannin. Handsheets were prepared using the tannin incorporated fibers through papermaking process and the properties were characterized. The percentage of tannin in the paper increased with the increase of the tannin dosage. FT-IR spectra confirmed the successful incorporation of tannin into the cellulosic fibers. It was found that paper after incorporation of tannin turned to be surface hydrophobic with contact angles higher than 90°, which may probably due to the covalent bonds between tannin and cellulose. The handsheets show high antioxidative and UV-shielding properties, which both increased with the increase of the tannin percentage in the paper. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) decreased after the incorporation of tannin, and this could facilitate its application in food packaging. The breaking length of tannin incorporated paper decreased insignificantly, less than 10% with the tannin percentage as high as 45%., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The papers have a porous structure which can be a suitable medium for the growth of bacteria. Therefore, in the sanitary papers, creation of a suitable antibacterial property is necessary. In this way, the plant extracts were prepared using solid-liquid extraction method from the Rosmarinus officinalis, Olea europaea, Mentha spicata and Punica granatum. Relatively, the total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined according to colorimetric method. Their antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH method. The extracts were sprayed on the surface of the handsheets, and then their antibacterial activity was investigated. The results showed that extracts from the P. granatum has the highest phenol (5.82%) and antioxidant activity (71.13%), while the extract from the R. officinalis had the highest flavonoid (4.23%) and antibacterial activity (90.43%). Hence, it can be concluded that these two extracts could be the suitable combinations to create desirable antibacterial properties in the manufacture of papers with sanitary purposes.

We report on a paper-based 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) assay for a simple, inexpensive, low reagent and sample consumption and high throughput analysis of antioxidant activity. The paper-based device was fabricated using a lamination method to create a 5-mm in diameter circular test zone that was embedded with a DPPH reagent. The analysis was carried out in one-step by dropping an antioxidant/sample onto the test zone. After reduction by the antioxidant, the DPPH radicals become stable DPPH molecules, resulting in a change in color from deep violet to pale yellow. The violet color intensity of DPPH was inversely proportional to the antioxidant activity of the samples, and was measured using imaging software. A high precision and a low limit of detection were found in the analysis of six standard antioxidants including gallic acid, trolox, ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, vanilliic acid and quercetin. The device was then validated against the traditional spectrophotometric DPPH assay by analyzing the antioxidant activity of 7 tea samples. The results showed no significant difference for gallic acid equivalent for all 7 samples obtained from the two methods at the 95% confidence level, indicating that the developed method was reliable for antioxidant activity analysis of real samples. Finally, the paper-based DPPH device was found to be stable over 10 days when stored in a refrigerator (2 - 4°C), making it an easy-to-use device for end-users.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were directly synthesized and anchored on lignocellulose fiber without an external immobilizing agent via a facile green approach using unbleached kraft (UBK) softwood pulp. The obtained AuNPs were confirmed by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antioxidant behavior of the as-prepared AuNP-UBK fiber nanocomposite was evaluated by free radical scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH). The nanocomposite fiber exhibited greatly enhanced radical scavenging activity compared to that of the pure fiber. As a consequence, AuNP-UBK nanocomposite paper showed exceptional antioxidant performance with a radical scavenging rate of over 98%, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of adsorption by the fiber-fiber network and subsequent catalytic activity of the AuNPs. This research indicated that AuNP-UBK fiber nanocomposites could be a new candidate for antioxidant active packaging for use in food preservation., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Although synthetic antioxidants (AOs) and photoinitiators (PIs) are known to be used in printing inks, there are little data on residual concentrations in printing paper products. In the present study, twenty-five PIs, ten AOs, and six transformation products were analyzed in two types of printing paper products, magazines and paperboard food packaging materials, both of which are unavoidable everyday products in our life. Nine AOs and six transformation products can be detected in food packaging materials with total concentrations (geometric mean, GM) of 1.16 × 10 4 ng/dm 2 . Twenty-two PIs were detected in food packaging materials with total concentrations (GM) of 1.76 × 10 4 ng/dm 2 . These chemicals were also detected in magazines, albeit at low concentrations (GM of AOs: 466 ng/dm 2 , GM of PIs: 1.17 × 10 3 ng/dm 2 ). Magazine front covers were found to have much higher concentrations of the target compounds than magazine inside pages. Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168O), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), bisphenol A (BPA), and benzophenone (BP) were among the predominant chemicals in those printing paper products. Preliminary calculations suggest that dermal exposure to AOs (GM: 6.25 ng/day) and PIs (GM: 17.0 ng/day) via contact with printing paper products is a minor exposure pathway compared to food intake/dust ingestion and is exceedingly unlikely to cause adverse health effects., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Despite recent advancements in the field of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), a key challenge remains in developing a simple and efficient μPAD with customized imaging capabilities for antioxidant assays. In the present study, we report a facile approach for μPAD fabrication through the application of transparent nail paint leading to creation of hydrophobic barriers and well-defined channels. The resultant μPADs were then characterized through scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The resolution and functional features of the fabricated μPAD were amenable to the intended assay. The μPAD's impregnated poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)-coated cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles oxidized the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) leading to the formation of a blue-colored charge-transfer complex. The addition of different antioxidant standard solutions resulted in a reduction in the blue color in a dose-dependent manner which could be observed visually. The color intensity of the PMAA-CeO 2 nanoparticle@TMB oxidation product was inversely proportional to the antioxidant concentration and was measured using customized in-house MATLAB-based image processing software. Importantly, PMAA-CeO 2 nanoparticle-based μPADs demonstrated good analytical characteristics and were able to be stored for long periods without any loss of activity. Moreover, potential interferents did not pose any threat to the colorimetric signal read-out for determination of antioxidant activity. The developed method was further applied for the assessment of antioxidant activity in a variety of tea samples and performed satisfactorily in comparison with a commonly used antioxidant detection method. Collectively, the developed μPAD-based platform holds great potential as a low-cost, convenient, portable and reliable method for pursuing various on-site antioxidant assays. Graphical Abstract.

With the increasing interest in the health benefits arising from the consumption of dietary products rich in antioxidants, there exists a clear demand for easy-to-use and cost-effective tests that can be used for the identification of the antioxidant power of food products. Paper-based analytical devices constitute a remarkable platform for such expedient and low-cost assays with minimal external resources but efforts in this direction are still scarce. In this work we introduce a new paper-based device in the form of a sensor patch that enables the determination of antioxidant activity through analyte-driven on-paper formation of gold nanoparticles. The principle of detection capitalizes, for the first time, on the on-paper nucleation of gold ions to its respective nanoparticles, upon reduction by antioxidant compounds present in an aqueous sample. The ensuing chromatic transitions, induced on the paper surface, are used as an optical "signature" of the antioxidant strength of the solution. The response of the paper-based sensor was evaluated against a large variety of antioxidant species and the respective dose response curves were constructed. On the basis of these data, the contribution of each species according to its chemical structure was elucidated. For the analysis of real samples, a concentration-dependent colorimetric response was established against Gallic acid equivalents over a linear range of 10 μM-1.0 mM, with detection limits at the low and ultra-low μM levels (i.e. <1.0 μM) and satisfactory precision (RSD=3.6-12.6%). The sensor has been tested for the assessment of antioxidant activity in real samples (teas and wines) and the results correlated well with commonly used antioxidant detection methods. Importantly, the sensor performed favorably for long periods of time when stored at moisture-free and low temperature conditions without losing its activity thus posing as an attractive alternative to the assessment of antioxidant activity without specialized equipment. The use of the sensor by non-experts for a rapid assessment of natural products in field testing is envisioned. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that analyte-mediated growth of nanomaterials directly on the paper surface could open new opportunities in paper-based analytical devices., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

We report the first use of a paper-based device as a simple, low-cost and rapid detection platform for simultaneous determination of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in food samples. Two antioxidant activity assays including 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical cation (ABTS) assay and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay and one total phenolic content assay, Folin Ciocaltue reagent (FC) assay were simultaneously employed as a proof-of-concept. The device composed of a central sample zone connected to four pretreatment zones and consecutive detection zones to accommodate all three assays and a sample blank measurement. The analysis was achieved by dropping the samples onto the sample zone to flow to the pretreatment and detection zones containing the stored reagents for each antioxidant assay making the color change that was measured using imageJ software. Assay optimization including key reagent concentrations, reaction time, and surface modification were carried out to obtain sensitive and wide linear rage analyses. Various antioxidant standards were then evaluated to determine the analytical features of the method. The paper-based assays were successfully applied to detect antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in 10 beverage samples with similar gallic acid equivalent (GAE) values to those obtained from traditional assays at a 95% confidence interval. Moreover, the GAE values of the samples obtained from three assay analyses were well correlated to each other with relatively high Pearson's correlation coefficients. These results indicated that the assays gave accurate results and are suitable for simultaneous analysis of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in real samples., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Mass production of vermicompost using suitable species of earthworms and selecting target organic waste materials has appeared to be a great development in the realm of biotechnological research for the sustainable eco-management. Although, for the bioconversion of organic wastes to vermicompost, suitable earthworm species play major roles, a hoard of bacterial assemblages by virtue of production of different enzymes facilitate the process of vermicomposting. The present study has documented the roles of vermicompost associated bacteria in combating, preventing, and controlling of cancer so as to open a new vista not only in the field of vermitechnology but also on biomedical research. Earthworms' associated bacterial metabolic products having their unique physicochemical excellence have gained importance due to their roles as a facilitator of apoptosis (programed cell death in a MCF-7 cell line). The antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate extracts' of vermicompost associated bacterium Bacillus anthracis were undertaken by antioxidant assay which revealed maximum DPPH radical scavenging effect (75.79 ± 5.41%) of the extracts' at 9 00  μ g ml-1. Furthermore, the crude extracts obtained from the same bacteria were found to decrease the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) with the increase in doses. MTT assay showed potent cytotoxic activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) with the IC50 value of 46.64 ± 0.79  μ g ml-1. It was further confirmed through Hoechst 33258 staining of nuclear fragmentation assay and DNA fragmentation analysis. Western blotting test has confirmed a downregulation of Akt upon application of crude extracts. Increase of SOD activity along with decrease of Akt level reflects that the mode of action is entirely PI-3K dependent. This study tends to indicate that B . anthracis isolated from vermicompost could be potentially explored for the development of new therapeutic agents, especially against cancer.

A simple, sensitive and fast responding device is described for the discrimination of hydrophilic ortho-diphenols, whose presence in abundant enough amounts is typical for extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs), from hydrophilic mono-phenols instead present in almost all vegetable oils. It consists of a dual electrode detector pencil-drawn at the end of a paper microfluidic channel, defined by hydrophobic barriers, where samples of these antioxidants, extracted from vegetable oils by a 80:20% v/v acetonitrile/water mixture, were applied. Thin-layer chromatographic runs conducted by using a 0.01 M H 2 SO 4  + 1 M KCl running buffer allowed the selective detection of hydrophilic ortho-diphenols by profiting from the fact that they undergo reversible oxidation at less positive potentials than those required by monophenols for displaying their irreversible anodic process. On this basis, a potential for the oxidation of hydrophilic ortho-diphenols was applied to the upstream pencil-drawn electrode (W 1 ) (at which a minor fraction of mono-phenols was also oxidized), while a potential for the reverse process involving the sole product (ortho-quinones) of the reversible oxidation of ortho-diphenols was imposed at the downstream pencil-drawn working electrode (W 2 ). Thus, cathodic peak currents linearly dependent on analyte concentrations could be recorded at W 2 which led to a satisfactory detection limit (8 μM, equivalent to 1.23 mg/L) even when working electrodes W 1 and W 2 with same dimensions were employed. Improved sensitivities and lower detection limits were achieved by increasing the dimensions of W 2 with respect to W 1 , thanks to the improvement of the collection efficiency. Throughout this investigation, hydroxytyrosol (HTy) and tyrosol (Ty) were adopted as models of ortho-diphenols and mono-phenols, respectively, in view of their abundant presence in EVOOs. Real samples of EVOO from different production companies, of a simple olive oil and of a sunflower oil were analyzed. Different hydrophilic ortho-diphenol contents were found in EVOO samples (up to 40.8 mg/kg), while only a negligible amount turned out to be present in simple olive oil. No trace of these antioxidants were instead found in sunflower oil, as expected. All concentrations found were in good agreement with those detected by a more frequently employed spectrophotometric method used for the sake of comparison., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study investigated the impact of various Ge132 (Bis-carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide) concentrations on frozen bovine semen. Ejaculates from three bulls were pooled and divided into six groups, each one with different Ge132 concentrations (0, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) and each group was incubated in different conditions (33°C for 30 min (D: D0, D500, and D1000), and the other was immediately cooled to 4°C (R: R0-control; R500 and R1000)). Thawed semen was evaluated for sperm characteristics by CASA and flow cytometer. Results showed better motility in the immediate cooling group without Ge132 compared with high Ge132 concentrations. Values for total motility dropped after 5 and 60 min in groups with high Ge132 levels and some control groups. Linearity increased with 1000 μg/mL Ge132, while straightness differed between moments in multiple groups. Membrane integrity was higher in a control group and certain Ge132 groups. Lower O 2 - generation occurred without Ge132. After oxidative stress induction, lipid peroxidation intensity increased with arachidonic acid, but D1000 had lower peroxidation than R0. Overall, Ge132 appears to have provided protection against PLM when subjected to oxidative stress, since even at high concentrations it maintained sperm metabolism., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) represent one of the promising green analytical strategies for low-cost and simple determination of various analytes. The actual task is the development of such devices for quantitation of antioxidants, e.g., flavonoids. In this paper, possibilities of a novel three-reagent µPAD including silver nitrate, 4-nitrophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate, and iron(III) chloride as reagents are assessed with respect to the determination of dihydroquercetin. It is shown that all the three reagents produce different colorimetric responses that can be detected by a mini-spectrophotometer–monitor calibrator or by a smartphone. The method is applicable to direct measuring high contents of dihydroquercetin (the linearity range is 0.026–1 mg mL−1, and the limit of detection is 7.7 µg mL−1), which is favorable for many dietary supplements. The analysis of a food supplement was possible with the relative standard deviations of 9–26%, which is satisfactory for quantitative and semiquantitative determinations. It was found that plotting a calibration graph in 3D space of the three reagents’ responses allows us to distinguish dihydroquercetin from its close structural analogue, quercetin.

In protecting cultural heritage, deacidification is used to stabilize acidic papers, ensuring the neutralization of acids present in the paper. But in the process of aging, several mechanisms of degradation occur simultaneously. Therefore, substances used to stabilize the paper should contain an antioxidant component in addition to the deacidifying component. The effect of the antioxidant (hindered amine light stabilizers—HALS type) on the stabilization of lignin-containing acid papers during accelerated aging was studied in this work. The effective deacidification component was magnesium; the solvent was hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). The 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine series of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) was selected as appropriate for creating a modifying system based on HMDSO. The modification system was tested on samples of a model test acid lignin-containing paper (NOVO) and naturally aged acidic paper from the real book. The addition of substances to the proposed deacidification system has a favorable effect on stabilizing the pH during aging and provides the inhibition of the oxidative degradation products and stabilization of the cellulose degree of polymerization. It was confirmed that the application of the system containing deacidification and an antioxidant component may increase the effectiveness of the protection of acid groundwood paper heritage objects. Adding a tested antioxidant to the proposed deacidification system has a favorable effect on stabilizing the pH value for a long time in accelerated aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water stress is an important factor that substantially impacts crop production. As a result, there is a need for various strategies that can mitigate these negative effects. One such strategy is the application of potassium humate (Kh) and cobalt (Co), which have been reported to enhance the resistance of crop plants. Therefore, the present experiment was designed to investigate whether the application of Kh and Co could positively affect proline, chlorophyll and mineral elements contents, and antioxidant defense systems which in turn will mitigate the negative impact of water stress under different irrigation strategies. In 2021 and 2022, an open-field experiments were conducted by using a split-plot design. The main plots were divided to represent different irrigation strategies (ST), with additional control of full irrigation requirements (ST1). Four STs were implemented, with ST1, followed by the application of 75%, 50%, and 25% irrigation strategies in ST2, ST3, and ST4 respectively, in the next irrigation, followed by the full requirements, and so on. In the subplots, peanut plants were treated with tap water (Control), Kh at 2 g l -1 and 3 g l -1 , Co, Co + Kh 2 g l -1 and Co + Kh 3 g l -1 . The yield was negatively affected by the implementation of ST4, despite the increase in proline contents. Furthermore, there was a decrease in relative water content, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes, protein, and mineral nutrient elements. However, the application of Kh or Co showed better improvements in most of the studied parameters. It is worth noting that there was an antagonistic relationship between Co and iron/manganese, and the intensity of this relationship was found to depend on the STs implemented. The highest mineral nutrient accumulation, chlorophyll content, relative water content, protein content, oil content, seed yield, and water productivity were observed when peanut plants were treated with Kh 3 g l -1  + Co under the ST2 water strategy., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Proline metabolism has been associated with the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, and the control of cellular redox status. Moreover, proline accumulation is a highly evolutionarily conserved response to diverse abiotic stresses in plants. Thus, proline quantification has been helpful in abiotic stress research as a stress marker. The need for a reliable, fast, and simple method to detect proline in plant tissues is a powerful resource to imply the physiological status of plants under abiotic stress. This chapter summarizes the main strategies for proline extraction and quantification, highlighting their limitations and advantages, and recommends and details a specific protocol for proline extraction and quantification. The chapter provides a friendly version of this protocol with notes useful for researchers to perform the protocol., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Mushroom cultivation has become an important component of agriculture, providing food and contributing to the global economy. It uses vertical space and addresses issues of food quality, health improvement, and environmental sustainability. Auricularia mushrooms are popular ingredients in traditional Chinese cuisine. The objective of this study was to determine yield and evaluate radical scavenging capacity of A. polytricha cultivated on rubberwood sawdust on a large scale; we measured total phenolic content; DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide anion, and peroxyl radical scavenging; and reducing power. Cultivation on rubberwood sawdust produces an average of 4 harvests per bag and a biological efficiency of 80-82%. The antioxidant capacity investigations revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most potent radical scavenger in all assays except that for superoxide anions, whereas the aqueous fraction exhibited mild to moderate antioxidant capacity in scavenging the various radicals. Artificial cultivation of A. polytricha on rubberwood sawdust yields many sporophores with potent antioxidant capacity.

Myocardial reperfusion injury (MRI) accounts for up to 50% of the final size in acute myocardial infarction and other conditions associated with ischemia-reperfusion. Currently, there is still no therapy to prevent MRI, but it is well known that oxidative stress has a key role in its mechanism. We previously reduced MRI in rats through a combined antioxidant therapy (CAT) of ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine. This study determines the safety and pharmacokinetics of CAT in a Phase I clinical trial. Healthy subjects (n = 18) were randomized 2:1 to CAT or placebo (NaCl 0.9% i.v.). Two different doses/infusion rates of CATs were tested in a single 90-minute intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected at specific times for 180 minutes to measure plasma drug concentrations (ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine) and oxidative stress biomarkers. Adverse events were registered during infusion and followed for 30 days. Both CAT1 and CAT2 significantly increased the CAT drug concentrations compared to placebo (P < .05). Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar between CAT1 and CAT2. In total, 6 adverse events were reported, all nonserious and observed in CAT1. The ferric-reducing ability of plasma (an antioxidant biomarker) increased in both CAT groups compared to placebo (P < .001). The CAT is safe in humans and a potential treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing reperfusion therapy., (© 2024, The American College of Clinical Pharmacology.)

Pigments are widely used in food supplements envisaging attractive colors along with health benefits. The desired advancements in the nutraceutical and antioxidant properties of pigments utilized in food products necessitate the search for novel additives. The present study is the first in the field to report the pigment-producing endolichenic bacteria, Bacillus sp. LDAB-1 from Dirinaria aegilita. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of the bacterium emphasizes that ideal pigment production occurs when utilizing sucrose and sodium nitrate. The pigment was salted out and dialyzed for further qualitative characterization using ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectra and the results corroborated the presence of betalains. The antioxidant activity of betalain is closer to the efficiency of α-tocopherol, which confers the pigment properties for antioxidant and nutraceutical significance. An optimal methodology for pigment affirmation is an issue when using an alternative methodology. Hence, the present assessment employs a comparative analysis of findings from both a spectrophotometric method and image processing technology encompassing RGB, CMYK, YCbCr, and L*a*b* color space models. Amongst these, the L*a*b* model potentially provides an effective modality for determining the pigment concentration. Bland-Altman plot analysis indicates similar consistency levels in betalain quantification by both methods at 95% confidence intervals, affirming the integrity and consistency of color image processing technology. Consequently, the present study represents novelty and innovativeness in reporting endolichenic Bacillus sp. LDAB-1 from D. aegilita and a rational image optimization protocol for pigment elucidation characteristics., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Traditional medicinal plants play an important role in primary health care worldwide. The phytochemical screening and activities of Geranium pusillum were investigated in this research. The dried plant leaves were extracted with ethanol, n-hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, acetone, and aqueous solvents. These extracts were qualitatively analyzed, GC-MS, antimicrobial activities by using the disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging, and cytotoxic activity was analyzed by the hemolytic activity of human red blood cells. The results showed phytochemicals such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, tannins, and cardiac glycosides were detected in plant leaves. The ethanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg/mL showed a maximum inhibition zone 17.5 ± 0.09, 15.6 ± 0.11, 14.2 ± 0.17, 18.4 ± 0.11, 16.6 ± 0.15, 12.5 ± 0.13, 15.9 ± 0.10, and 13.1 ± 0.11 mm, and at 15 mg/mL showed 24.5 ± 0.09, 27.2 ± 0.12, 26.3 ± 0.17, 28.4 ± 0.10, 27.9 ± 0.16, 22.5 ± 0.13, 27.1 ± 0.10, and 24.1 ± 0.16 mm against Escherichia coli, Pasturella multocida (gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus (gram-positive), Rhizopus solani, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternate (fungal strain), respectively, and dichloromethane showed a minimum inhibition zone as compared to other extracts against bacterial as well as fungal strains. Chloroform extract had maximum antioxidant activity (45.00 ± 0.08%) and minimum in dichloromethane (12.20 ± 0.04%). Cytotoxic activity was found maximum in acetone extract (19.83 ± 0.07%) and minimum in ethanol extract (4.72 ± 0.04%). It is concluded that phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, and others may be responsible for these activities, which is why this plant is used for traditional medicine. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Geranium pusillum has therapeutic properties that exhibit various biological activities beneficial for human health. G. pusillum has significant inhibitory effects against bacterial and fungal strains. Chloroform solvent extract indicates potential free radical scavenging abilities. Acetone extract exhibits notable effects on human red blood cells and demonstrates significant cytotoxic activity., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Oxidative aging of bitumen is an inevitable and irreversible phenomenon. Exposure to detrimental factors such as sunlight, oxygen, and UV radiations accelerates the aging of bitumen and bituminous pavement. The aging process induces hardening and embrittlement in bitumen, leading to premature pavement failure. Therefore, for constructing sustainable long-lasting pavements anti-aging additives are used. Among the available additives, the use of antioxidants has emerged as a promising solution to mitigate the aging of bitumen. The current review aims to summarise the existing literature for a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of these additives as aging inhibitors. It provides an overview of the chemical pathway involved during bitumen oxidation and various quantification techniques to measure the effect of aging. This review also highlights the potential use of antioxidants in bitumen and elaborates on the working mechanism of different types of antioxidants to prevent bitumen aging. Further, the effect of modification in bitumen at micro, macro, and mixture levels are discussed. Additionally, cost analysis and future prospects on the use of antioxidants for bitumen are presented., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Exercise has been demonstrated to induce an elevated production of free radicals, leading to the onset of oxidative stress. Numerous studies highlight the positive impacts of aerobic exercise, primarily attributed to the increase in overall antioxidant capacity. The evidence suggests that engaging in aerobic exercise contributes to a reduction in the likelihood of advanced cancer and mortality. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and the collective antioxidant defense system, encompassing both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Typically, oxidative stress triggers the formation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, instigating or advancing various issues in cancers and other diseases. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance serves as a direct measure of this imbalance in oxidative stress. Polyphenols contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic acids, conferring antioxidant properties. Previous research highlights the potential of polyphenols as antioxidants, with documented effects on reducing cancer risk by influencing processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This is primarily attributed to their recognized antioxidant capabilities. Considering the extensive array of signaling pathways associated with exercise and polyphenols, this overview will specifically focus on oxidative stress, the antioxidant efficacy of polyphenols and exercise, and their intricate interplay in cancer treatment., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the physiopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is associated with impaired antioxidant defenses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and disease activity in women with RA. In this clinical trial, 48 women with RA were treated with one capsule of curcumin (500 mg daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and end of the study. Finally, we assessed the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS-28), dietary intake, and physical activity levels. While curcumin supplementation for 8 weeks significantly increased the serum levels of TAC (p < 0.05), it decreased tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and DAS-28 compared to the placebo at the end of the study (p < 0.001 for all). MDA levels significantly decreased in the curcumin group (p < 0.05). However, changes in MDA concentration were not significant between groups at the end of the trial (p = 0.145). Curcumin supplementation had a beneficial effect on increasing the serum levels of TAC and decreased DAS-28 in women with RA., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This paper presents an experimental study on the physicochemical properties of rice oil, peanut oil, corn oil and Kraft paper immersed in these oils in the presence of antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene, tertiary butyl hydroquinone and Naugalube¯ 750). The experiments are performed on new and aged conditions. Ageing of oils is carried at 115 °C for 96 hours while Kraft paper is aged in oils at 130 °C for 164 hours. Both closed and open cup methods are used for ageing. The results show that ageing insignificantly affects the breakdown voltage, but markedly increases the acid number and the viscosity of the vegetable oils. The combination of tertiary butyl hydroquinone and either butylated hydroxytoluene or Naugalube¯ 750 slightly increases the breakdown voltage, but significantly raises the oxidation stability of the vegetable oils. This results in a reduction in the viscosity and the acid number of the vegetable oils. Moisture significantly affects the breakdown voltage of both vegetable and mineral oil. High moisture content results in low breakdown voltage. The results also show that ageing insignificantly affects the breakdown voltage, but markedly decreases the tensile strength of oil-impregnated paper. Although the presence of antioxidants does not increase the breakdown voltage of aged paper, these additives slow down the ageing process. This results in an increase in tensile strength of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nymphaea rubra belongs to the Nymphaea family and is regarded as a vegetable used in traditional medicine to cure several ailments. These species are rich in phenolic acid, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannin., Objective: This study aimed to assess the biological activities of Nymphaea rubra flowers (NRF) and leaves (NRL) by identifying and quantifying their polyphenolic compounds using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole cyclic ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-cIM-TOF-MS) and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS)., Methodology: NRF and NRL powder was extracted with methanol and fractionated using hexane, ethylacetate, and water. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated. The polyphenolic components of NRF and NRL were identified and quantified using UHPLC-Q-cIM-TOF-MS and UHPLC-TQ-MS. The method was validated using linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ)., Results: Bioactive substances and antioxidants were highest in the ethylacetate fraction of flowers and leaves. Principal component analysis showed how solvent and plant components affect N. rubra's bioactivity and bioactive compound extraction. A total of 67 compounds were identified, and among them 21 significant polyphenols were quantified. Each calibration curve had R 2  > 0.998. The LOD and LLOQ varied from 0.007 to 0.09 μg/mL and from 0.01 to 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. NRF contained a significant amount of gallic acid (10.1 mg/g), while NRL contained abundant pentagalloylglucose (2.8 mg/g)., Conclusion: The developed method is simple, rapid, and selective for the identification and quantification of bioactive molecules. These findings provide a scientific basis for N. rubra's well-documented biological effects., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Acne is a common skin issue that typically occurs during adolescence. It causes long-lasting redness and swelling in the skin. An alternative approach to treating acne could involve using a cosmetic facial mask containing herbal ingredients such as Curcumin and Rosa Damascena extract for its antibacterial properties., Aims: This study aims to create and try out a peel-off mask gel made from Curcumin and R. Damascena extract. This gel is intended to have the ability to kill bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Propionibacterium acnes and remove dead cells from the skin surface., Methods: The peel-off mask was made using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in 8% and 10% as solidifier. The evaluation of peel-off masks comprises the examination of physiochemical and mechanical aspects. Furthermore, their longevity, effectiveness, and antibacterial properties are also considered., Results: The white color, pleasant smell, and soft texture were the defining features of the peel-off gel mask. The changes in PVA affect the pH level, thickness, and how quickly the peel-off mask dries. The stability test found that the peel-off mask had no significant physical changes when exposed to freezing and thawing. However, there were some differences in color and separation when using the real-time method. A prepared peel-off mask containing 10% PVA and curcumin works best against P. acne. The amount of PVA in the formula affected the physical and chemical qualities, but it did not impact on the antibacterial abilities of the peel-off mask gel. The best formula that gives the best results uses 10% PVA + curcumin., Conclusions: Using the Curcumin and R. Damascena extract in the creation of the peel-off mask gel ensures its efficacy and safety for skin application., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Peanut production is threatened by climate change. Damage to seedlings from low temperatures in early spring can limit yield. Plant adaptations to chilling stress remain unclear in peanut seedlings. It is essential to understand how peanut acquires chilling tolerance. We evaluated effects of chilling stress on growth and recovery of peanut seedlings. We compared and analysed biological characteristics, antioxidants, photosynthesis, biochemical and physiological responses, and nutrient absorption at varying levels of chilling. Compared with chilling-sensitive FH18, the reduced impact of chilling stress on chilling-tolerant NH5 was associated with reduced ROS accumulation, higher ascorbate peroxidase activity and soluble sugar content, lower soluble protein content, and smaller reductions in nutrient content during stress. After removal of chilling stress, FH18 had significant accumulation of O 2 •- and H 2 O 2 , which decreased photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and transport. ROS-scavenging reduced damage from chilling stress, allowed remobilization of nutrients, improved chilling tolerance, and restored plant functioning after chilling stress removal. These findings provide a reference for targeted research on peanut seedling tolerance to chilling and lay the foundation for bioinformatics-based research on peanut chilling tolerance mechanisms., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Pulu Mandoti, a local red rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety popular among Sulawesi residents, has gained recognition for its perceived health benefits, especially as a preferred dietary option for individuals with diabetes or those seeking to prevent obesity. Given the increasing consumption of mushrooms, particularly Pleurotus species, renowned for their nutritional and medicinal attributes, this study delves into the transformative effects of Pleurotus spp. fermentation on Pulu Mandoti, the indigenous rice variety. Proximate analysis disclosed elevated dry matter (91.99 ± 0.61%), crude protein (8.55 ± 0.15%), and crude fat (1.34 ± 0.05%) in Pleurotus cystidiosus fermentation compared to Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor. Concurrently, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were notably improved in all Pleurotus fermentations. Pulu Mandoti fermented with P. cystidiosus outperformed other treatments, aligning with molecular docking results pinpointing 11-Eicosenoic acid, methyl ester, and butylated hydroxytoluene as optimal interactors with antioxidant receptors 5O0x and 2CKJ. Butylated hydroxytoluene demonstrated interactions with the antidiabetic receptor 2QV4, along with 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. These compounds, previously unreported in Pleurotus, displayed promising attributes as antioxidants and antidiabetic agents. Furthermore, the investigation delved into the fatty acid profiles, emphasizing the diverse range of potential bioactive compounds in fermented Pulu Mandoti. The findings of this research present a potential functional food rich in natural antioxidants and antidiabetic compounds, highlighting the yet undiscovered capabilities of Pleurotus spp. fermentation in augmenting the nutritional composition and bioactivity of indigenous rice varieties, specifically Pulu Mandoti., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Four alkaline earth metal complexes of ketoprofen (Hket) and indomethacin (Hind) were synthesized and characterized: [Ca(ket) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n (1), [Mg(ket) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (2), [Ca(ind) 2 (EtOH) 2 ] n (3), and [Mg(ind) 2 (EtOH) 2 ] (4). All compounds were studied by elemental analysis (EA), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Crystal structures of 1 and 3 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique T=100 K. The structure of 1 is dominated by a one-dimensional coordination polymer, while 3 is formed by a two-dimensional layer stabilized by the calcium zig-zag chains and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. Crystal packing arrangements were characterized by fingerprint plots (FPs) that were derived from the Hirshfeld surfaces (HSs). The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of complexes were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Banana is one of the most consumed and popular fruits in all regions of the world, being cultivated mainly in tropical countries. It is not only a rich source of vitamins A, C, and B, calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, and other vitamins and nutrients, but it also contains several types of antioxidants with high nutritional value. In this context, the current study aimed to quantify the content of ascorbic acid, flavonoids, pigments, and minerals present in "Nanicão" bananas during the ripening process. As demonstrated, the level of flavonoids was higher in ripe and overripe fruits, whereas the mineral composition was high only at ripening stage 4 (more yellow than green) a stage that should be prioritized when recommending fruit consumption to the population deficient in these minerals. Regarding pigments, there was a reduction in chlorophylls a and b and an increase in carotenoids and anthocyanins in peels and pulps. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Flavonoids are phenolic, bioactive compounds with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and products of the plant's secondary metabolism. The degradation of chlorophylls and synthesis of carotenoids and anthocyanins, and as a consequence of the latter pigment, the increase in flavonoids in the pulp was evident during the monitoring of ripening, mainly in the fruit peels in relation to pigments. Minerals are essential elements, the main ones provided in balanced diets and important for dietary and nutritional health., (© 2024 Institute of Food Technologists.)

High sperm cryotolerance is crucial to the successful cryopreservation of boar sperm. Evaluating the cryotolerance of boar sperm by using a rapid and convenient technique can enhance the commercial viability of these sperm. This study investigated the correlation between sperm parameters for three sample subsets-fresh sperm, sperm with H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage (hereinafter referred to as H 2 O 2 -induced sperm), and frozen-thawed sperm-to identify the potential of these correlations to predict cryotolerance. A total of 64 sperm samples were obtained from 64 Duroc boars. The sperm parameters of the three subsets, where the frozen-thawed sperm were analysed at 30 or 180 min after thawing, were determined, and the coefficients of correlation between these parameters were calculated. The results indicated that H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress resulted in decreases in various sperm parameters-including total motility (TM), viability (VIA), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and live sperm with MMP (LMP)-but increased their coefficients of variation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the kinematic parameters of the H 2 O 2 -induced sperm effectively predicted those of the frozen-thawed boar sperm at 30 min after thawing; the corresponding area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.8667 for TM and 0.8733 for progressive motility in the H 2 O 2 -induced sperm. For measurement at 180 min after thawing, the sperm membrane and mitochondrial parameters of the H 2 O 2 -induced sperm effectively predicted the LMP of the frozen-thawed boar sperm; the corresponding AUC was 0.8489 for VIA, 0.8289 for MMP, and 0.8444 for LMP. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly establish a strong correlation between post-thaw boar sperm quality and H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress before freezing. Our proposed technique can serve as a valuable reference for the development of practical applications aimed at enhancing techniques for cryopreserving boar sperm., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Antioxidants are ubiquitous in various environmental samples, leading to increasing concern regarding their potential risk to environments or humans. However, there is dearth of information regarding the environmental fate of antioxidants and unknown/unexpected antioxidants in the environment. Here, we established a compound database (CDB) containing 320 current-used antioxidants by collecting the chemicals from EPA's functional use database and published documents. Physical-chemical characteristics of these antioxidants were estimated, and 19 ones were considered as persistent and bioaccumulative (P&B) substances. This CDB was further coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) technique, which was employed for suspect screening of antioxidants in extracts of sediments (n = 88) collected from Taihu Lake basin. We screened 119 HRMS features that can match 135 chemical formulas in the CDB, and 20 out of them exhibited the detection frequencies ≥ 90%. The total concentrations of suspect antioxidants in sediments ranged from 6.41 to 830 ng/g dw. Statistical analysis demonstrated that concentrations of suspect antioxidants in Taihu Lake were statistically significantly lower than those in Shihu and Jiulihu Lake, but greater than those from other small lakes. Collectively, this study provided a CDB that could be helpful for further monitoring studies of antioxidant in the environments, and also provided the first evidence regarding the ubiquity of antioxidants in aquatic environment of Taihu Lake basin., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objectives: To determine the potential of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels to predict the outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for periodontitis patients., Background: NSPT is the gold-standard treatment for periodontal pockets < 6 mm in depth, however, successful outcomes are not always guaranteed due to several factors. Periodontitis-associated tissue destruction is evidenced by the increased level of soluble E-cadherin and reduced antioxidants in oral fluids which could be used as predictors for success/failure of NSPT., Materials and Methods: Patients with periodontitis (n = 24) were included in this clinical trial and full-mouth periodontal charting was recorded for each patient. GCF samples from periodontal pockets with probing pocket depth (PPD) 4-6 mm from the interproximal surfaces of anterior and premolar teeth were obtained. These sites subsequently received NSPT and were clinically re-evaluated after 1 and 3 months. Levels of GCF E-cadherin and TAC levels were assayed using ELISA., Results: All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly improved 3 months after completion of NSPT. These outcomes were associated with a significant decrease in E-cadherin levels and GCF volume, while TAC levels were significantly increased in samples obtained in follow-up appointments. Binary regression model analysis showed that PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin, and TAC levels could significantly (p < .05) predict the outcomes of NSPT. The cut-off points for PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin and TAC were 5 mm, 4 × 10 -3 , 1267.97 pg/mL and 0.09 μmol/g, respectively., Conclusion: NSPT improved clinical parameters along with increased antioxidants capacity and epithelial pocket lining integrity. Discrimination of favorable/unfavorable responsiveness of periodontally diseased sites to NSPT could be possible by using GCF volume, PPD, E-cadherin and TAC level assessments., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) represent one of the promising green analytical strategies for low-cost and simple determination of various analytes. The actual task is the development of such devices for quantitation of antioxidants, e.g., flavonoids. In this paper, possibilities of a novel three-reagent µPAD including silver nitrate, 4-nitrophenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate, and iron(III) chloride as reagents are assessed with respect to the determination of dihydroquercetin. It is shown that all the three reagents produce different colorimetric responses that can be detected by a mini-spectrophotometer–monitor calibrator or by a smartphone. The method is applicable to direct measuring high contents of dihydroquercetin (the linearity range is 0.026–1 mg mL−1, and the limit of detection is 7.7 µg mL−1), which is favorable for many dietary supplements. The analysis of a food supplement was possible with the relative standard deviations of 9–26%, which is satisfactory for quantitative and semiquantitative determinations. It was found that plotting a calibration graph in 3D space of the three reagents' responses allows us to distinguish dihydroquercetin from its close structural analogue, quercetin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to assess the interrelationship between hematological, serum biochemical, and endocrinological profiles and oxidative stress markers and lactational stages in crossbred (CB) dairy cows of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI). Healthy (n = 6) CB cows (50-62.50% exotic inheritance; Holstein Friesian × Andaman local) of 4 th parity with age of 7-9 years and body weight of 350-400 kg were selected from Cattle Breeding Farm, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-CIARI), Port Blair, ANI. These experimental cows were synchronized with Ovsynch protocol, and parturition was planned to happen in the month of May-June. Lactation was allowed for 305 days. Hematological profiles, serum biochemical profiles, oxidative stress markers and endocrinological profiles were measured at a 15-day interval from day 07 to 305 of lactation (after 6 days of colostrum). The lactation period was divided into first (day 07 to 90), second (day 91 to 180), and third (day 181 to 305) stage of lactation. Average daily milk yield (L) did not vary among the stages of lactations; however, first (8.56 ± 1.26) and second (9.79 ± 0.87) stages had higher milk yield compared to third (7.93 ± 0.79) stage of lactation. Hematological profiles did not vary among the stages of lactation; however, these values were within the range of bovine species at lactation. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, total protein, globulin, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased (P < 0.05) and albumin and creatinine decreased (P < 0.05) gradually as lactation stages advanced. Activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and concentration of calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium were nearly similar among the stages of lactation. Similarly, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) increased and prolactin and cortisol decreased (P < 0.05) gradually as stages of lactation advanced. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased (P < 0.05) as lactation stages advanced. The results of the present study indicated that the lactating CB cows suffered nutritional stress (deficiency of protein, carbohydrate, lipids, and minerals), physiological stress (higher cortisol), oxidative stress (higher MDA and deficiency of total antioxidant capacity), and hormonal imbalance (higher prolactin and cortisol and deficiency of thyroid hormones) during the early stages of lactation. Thus, the first and second stages are more stressful events compared to the third stage of lactation in the CB cows in ANI. Therefore, regular monitoring of blood components and accordingly suitable feeding strategies with balanced nutrients and minerals, supplementation of suitable antioxidants, and appropriate management practices need to be implemented to mitigate these stresses and to prevent metabolic disorders with maximum milk production during different stages of lactation in CB cows under humid tropical island ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of turmeric powder (TP) supplementation on laying hens' performance, blood biochemical parameters and egg quality parameters. In total, 144 laying hens (Hy-line W36) ageing 53 weeks were used in this study. Birds were randomly assigned to three treatments (6 replicates, 8 birds in each). The diets contained 0 (control), 0.25, and 0.5% TP based on the maize-soybean meal. It was found that the TP supplementation significantly reduced egg production, weight and mass throughout the experiment (p < 0.05). However, the feed conversion ratio increased (p < 0.05), whereas feed intake remained unaffected. Yolk percentage, height and index reduced, and the yolk colour, accompanied by the egg-shell percentage, increased (p< 0.05) during the first 4 weeks of the experiment. Interestingly, only the albumen pH was affected by TP supplementation during the second 4 weeks (p < 0.05). The serum malondialdehyde level reduced significantly, and the total antioxidant capacity increased in the groups fed on the diets supplemented with TP (p < 0.05). Serum lipids levels, including triglyceride, cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and the yolk triglyceride level reduced due to TP supplementation (p < 0.05). The interactive effect of all three independent factors on the internal quality traits of the stored eggs was significant only for yolk pH (p < 0.05). Thus, TP could be a potential lipid reducing factor, especially triglycerides, and a natural antioxidant in laying hens' diet. However, it may significantly impair the productive performance of laying hens under normal environmental conditions., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)