Search

Purpose: Vitamin C deficiency is associated with excess mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). We aim to evaluate plasma vitamin C status at different post-transplantation moments and assess the main characteristics associated with vitamin C deficiency in KTR. Methods: Plasma vitamin C was assessed in 598 KTR at 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 60-months post-transplantation, 374 late KTR with a functioning graft ≥ 1 year, and 395 potential donors. Vitamin C deficiency was defined as plasma vitamin C ≤ 28 µmol/L. Diet was assessed by a 177-item food frequency questionnaire. Data on vitamin C-containing supplements use were extracted from patient records and verified with the patients. Results: Vitamin C deficiency ranged from 46% (6-months post-transplantation) to 30% (≥ 1 year post-transplantation). At all time points, KTR had lower plasma vitamin C than potential donors (30–41 µmol/L vs 58 µmol/L). In cross-sectional analyses of the 953 KTR at their first visit ≥ 12 months after transplantation (55 ± 14 years, 62% male, eGFR 55 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 m2), the characteristics with the strongest association with vitamin C deficiency were diabetes and smoking (OR 2.67 [95% CI 1.84–3.87] and OR 1.84 [95% CI 1.16–2.91], respectively). Dietary vitamin C intake and vitamin C supplementation were associated with lower odds (OR per 100 mg/day 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.61 and OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09–0.44, respectively). Conclusion: Vitamin C deficiency is frequent among KTR regardless of the time after transplantation, especially among those with diabetes and active smokers. The prevalence of vitamin C deficiency was lower among KTR with higher vitamin C intake, both dietary and supplemented. Further research is warranted to assess whether correcting this modifiable risk factor could improve survival in KTR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biofilms and oxidative stress retard wound healing. The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics has led to a search for alternative approaches in biofilm elimination. Antioxidants work synergistically with antibacterial agents against biofilms. Hence recent research has suggested plants as candidates in the development of new alternatives in biofilm treatments and as antioxidants due to the presence of phytocompounds which are responsible for their bioactivities. Hoslundia opposita Vahl is one of the plants used by traditional healers to treat wounds and other infections, this makes it a potential candidate for drug discovery hence, in this study, we investigate the antibiofilm and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of hoslundia opposita Vahl from Uganda. We also identify phytochemicals responsible for its bioactivity. Method: the plant was extracted by maceration using methanol, and the extract was investigated for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. The antibiofilm activity using microtiter plate assay (MTP) assay where the Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration required to inhibit 50% or 90% of the biofilm (MBIC50 and MBIC90) and Minimum biofilm eradication concentration required to remove 50% or 90% of the biofilm (MBEC50 and MBEC90) were measured. It was further analysed for its phytochemical composition using quantitative screening, as well as Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: H. Opposita Vahl extract showed good antioxidant activity with of 249.6 mg/mL. It inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms with MBIC50 of 28.37 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively. It showed the ability to eradicate P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms with MBEC50 of 23.85 and 39.01 mg/mL respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols. GC-MS analysis revealed 122 compounds in the extract of which, 23 have evidence of antioxidant or antibiofilm activity in literature. The most abundant compounds were; 1,4- Citric acid, Tetracontane-1,40-diol (43.43.3%, 1, Olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (3.beta) (15.36%) 9-Octadecenamide (12.50%), Squalene (11.85%) Palmitic Acid 4TMS (11.28%), and alpha Amyrin (11.27%). The LC-MS identified 115 and 57 compounds in multiple reaction mode (MRM) and scan modes respectively. Conclusion: H. opposita Vahl showed antibiofilm and antioxidant activity due to bioactive compounds identified, hence the study justifies its use for wound healing. It can be utilised in further development of new drugs as antibiofilm and antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2-cyano-3-(indol-3-yl)acryloyl chloride, a building block synthon prepared in good yield, was utilized for the synthesis of various indolylacrylamide and indole-based heterocycles. Thus, the aforementioned acid chloride was allowed to react with various oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen nucleophiles, in addition to mono- and bidentate nucleophiles. The pyrazolidine derivatives were produced on interactions with phenylhydrazine and 2-cyanoethanohydrazide. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed using the phosphomolybdenum technique and ascorbic acid as a standard. The findings displayed that indolyl-based azine, pyrazolidine, cyanoacetamide, and benzodiazepine derivatives were the most active antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, which is usually caused by the most common premalignant lesion of oral leukoplakia (OL). For changes of dysplasia and malignancy, the level of antioxidants in the blood and tissue of patients changes significantly, which may be effective in early diagnosis of malignancies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) in the blood of patients with OSCC and OL. Material & Methods: This study is a case-control study and was conducted on 75 blood samples of patients with OSCC and OL referred to the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam. Enzymatic antioxidants [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, vitamin E) were evaluated in the blood of patients. The data obtained from this study were evaluated by ANOVA test and the significance level (P<0.5) was considered. Results: The results showed that the mean age in the HC group was similar in both sexes, while in the OL group, the age of women was 4 years younger, and in the OSCC group, the age of women was 2 years older than men. CAT, as an antioxidant indicator, significantly increased in the OL group compared to the HC group and OSCC group (P < 0.000). Also, CAT and SOD activity in OSCC serum samples significantly decreased compared to the HC group (P < 0.000). GPx also showed a significant decrease in both OL and OSCC groups compared to the HC group (P < 0.000). The results related to the non-enzymatic antioxidant factors, beta-carotene, vitamin E, and ascorbic acid, significantly decreased in both OL and OSCC groups compared to the HC group (beta-carotene (P < 0.000), vitamin E (P < 0.000), and ascorbic acid (P < 0.000)). Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study show that the level of enzymatic antioxidants and beta-carotene in is not related to the degree of dysplasia of oral leukoplakia, therefore, it is not possible to predict the probability of occurrence of malignant oral lesions based on the measurement of the level of antioxidants in patients with OL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) has a strong antioxidant property as it contains abundant phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid. In the present study, we investigated the metabolism of phenolic compounds and the change in antioxidant activity in different tissue parts of post-harvest chives. The results showed that compared with the bottom white part (BW), the round green part (RG) exhibited significantly higher contents of phenolic compounds, increased enzyme activities and enhanced antioxidant activities, indicating that phenolic compounds were mainly synthesised in RG. The expression levels of genes such as phenylalanine ammonia–lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase and their corresponding enzyme activities rapidly decreased in RG, whereas they were maintained in BW, suggesting that senescence occurred more rapidly in RG than in BW. Our study provides a theoretical basis for further research into and development of different parts of Allium plants and offers a basis for consumers' nutritional considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutritional, mineral, Vitamin C and antioxidant capacity profiling of the nut of Spondias mombin has been carried out. The nut of S. mombin (NSM) was extracted from its fruit and then profiled quantitatively for its nutritional, mineral and vitamin C contents using the AOAC standard procedures. The antioxidant capacity of the methanol extract of NSM was carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) techniques. The nut was found to have nutritional facts of: moisture content (12.24±0.06%), lipid content (1.69±0.01%), fibre content (45.27±0.32%), protein content (5.69±0.04%), ash content (0.41±0.02%) and carbohydrate content (34.70±0.33%). The mineral content in mg/g of sample was found to contain: K (7.014), Na (2.966), Ca (1.333), Mg (0.690), Fe (0.131), Cu (0.079), Zn (0.015), Cd (0.004) and Cr (0.009). Pb was not detected. The vitamin C content was 3.89 mg, DPPH antioxidant potential increases as concentration of NSM increases from 25.00 µg/ml to 400 µg/mL and FRAP was observed at 400 μg/ml NSM to be 75.304±0.002 mgAAE. The nut of S. mombin has shown to be good sources for alternative nutrition and as a base for minerals rich in cellular ions. The nut of S. mombin has exhibited antioxidant capacity which can be attributed to the presence of some vital phytoconstituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and inexpensive one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione through a condensation reaction of aryl aldehyde, malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate and phthalhydrazide catalyzed by water extract of papaya bark ash (WEPBA) solvent medium under microwave irradiation is described. The catalytic medium is used environmentally friendly, and provides several benefits of being simple, inexpensive, high yield, simple work-up and not required hazardous solvent for the reaction. Some of the selected derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-, and 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques. The oxidation-reduction properties of the synthesized compounds (4b, 4e, 4f, 4i, and 4k and 6f, 6g, 6h, 6i, and 6j) were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The voltammetry peak current for the oxidation-reduction of the compounds examined at different scan rates. Further, some of the selected 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives were evaluated in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH assay method. The result appears that, compounds 4b, 4e, 4i, 6f, 6g, and 6h possess significant antioxidant properties in comparison with the ascorbic acid reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A new antioxidant serum has been formulated with sodium ascorbate, a sodium salt of Vit C, which aims to address facial photodamage while maintaining a low irritation profile and preserving elastin. Detailed background science has been submitted in a previous publication. This open‐label study was conducted to validate the science by demonstrating product efficacy and tolerability in patients with moderate to severe facial photodamage. Methods: A multicenter, open‐label clinical study was undertaken over 5 months from March 2023 to July 2023. Thirty six eligible participants (35 female, 1 male), aged 38–69 years, and Fitzpatrick skin types II–V were enrolled into and completed the study following 12 weeks of the topical antioxidant serum use twice daily, along with the following supporting products (gentle cleanser, moisturizer, and sunscreen for as needed use). Follow‐up visits were conducted in Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. At every visit, participants were evaluated for facial photodamage severity and test product tolerability. Additionally, study participants underwent subject assessments and satisfaction questionnaires, investigator assessments, biopsy collection, and photography. Results: Significant improvements in all evaluated facial photodamage parameters were observed at 12 weeks together with excellent tolerability and subject satisfaction persisting to Week 12 at study completion. Histology most notably revealed increased elastin fibers in 5 out of 5 post 12‐week treatment biopsies on Movat staining, while Herovici stains revealed stimulation of collagen and early formation of new fibers. Conclusion: A novel antioxidant serum has demonstrated to be safe and effective for addressing facial photodamage, while stimulating the production of both elastin and collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orange peel and its extract are good sources of phenols and vitamin C that can be used as powerful antioxidants and antibacterial. The effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA), orange peel powder (OPP) and orange peel extract (OPE) supplementations on growth performance, blood biochemicals, gene expression and antioxidant status of growing rabbits under hot conditions were investigated. A total of 80 weaned Giant Flander male rabbits, five weeks old (606.25 ± 10.08 g), were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group received untreated diet (control group). The other groups received diets supplemented with 0.5 g AA/kg diet, 2% OPP and 500 mg OPE/kg diet. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded by rabbits consumed diet supplemented with AA. Supplementations of OPP and OPE reduced blood plasma total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and very-low density lipoprotein concentrations. The tested diets reduced triglycerides, total lipids, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde levels, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the rabbits cecum. Supplementation of OPE improved activities of superoxide dismutase gene (6.1475) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (9.2108). Conclusively, dietary supplementation of OPE improved rabbit performance through improving antioxidant enzyme activities as well as upregulation of insulin-like growth gene. Additionally, OPP and OPE (2% and 500 mg/kg diet, respectively) had antibacterial effects for growing rabbits under hot conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ayurveda, Triphala is a formulation of three herbs. It is a mixture (equiproportional 1:1:1) of fruits of three plants, Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellerica) and Amalaki (Emblica officinalis). Triphala shows antibacterial, antiallergic, antiviral, antifungal, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. Triphala and its constituents help in the improvement of blood circulation, reduction in level of cholesterol and control of blood pressure. This study focuses on detecting various phytocompounds and their comparative analysis for antioxidant potential in two different formulations of Triphala extract. Antioxidant activity was determined by phosphomolybdenum assay and reducing power assay. Our results indicated the presence of various phytocompounds such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids etc, which may play a role in its biological activities. Both Triphala formulations showed significant free radical-scavenging properties as compared to ascorbic acid. Formulation S2 (H:B:A - 1:2:3) showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to formulation S1 (H:B:A-1:1:1). In conclusion, Triphala non-equiproportional mixture may be a more promising Ayurvedic drug in future Triphala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the vitamin C content of locally cultivated vegetables in Thailand. As the study's sample veggies, local, conveniently accessible product is regularly consumed by Thais. Vegetables include eggplant, Solanum melongena L., kajon flowers, Telosma minor Craib, lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., butterfly pea flowers, Clitoria ternatea Linn, acacia. Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd, spinach. Spinacia oleracea L., and zucchini, Cucurbita L. var. cylindica Pans. Fresh vegetable vitamin C levels range from 130 ±1.00 mg kg-1, 340 ± 0.58 mg kg-1, 350 ± 1.00 mg kg-1, 340 ± 0.58 mg kg-1, 440 ± 0.58 mg kg-1, 490 ± 0.58 mg kg-1 and 140 ± 0.58 mg kg-1, respectively. Spinach contained the most vitamin C, with a concentration of 490 mg kg-1 followed by Acacia, lettuce, kajon flowers, butterfly pea flowers and zucchini respectively. However, vitamin C is still necessary for healthy skin and a strong immune system. The body can also get the appropriate daily quantity of vitamin C by eating the right kinds and amounts of fruits and vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of heterocyclic compounds containing thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine and pyrimido[5,4-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine analogues were designed and synthesized starting from α,α-ketene dithioacetals (I), and their structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. In our study, we also present optimization of the synthetic method along with a biological evaluation of these newly synthesized compounds as antioxidants and antifungal. Preliminary bioassay showed that most of them exhibited certain-to-excellent antioxidant and antifungal activity. Among all the evaluated compounds, it was found that some showed significant antioxidant activity at 10 µg/mL while the others exhibited better antifungalal activity at 100 µg/mL. Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines (IVa–IVb) and (IVc–IVd) showed higher than 80% inhibition activity against C. arachidicola and P. infestans respectively whereas the thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines (VIc–VId) showed maximum activity against B. cinerea and C. arachidicola, as for the tested pyrimido[5,4-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines (IXc–IXd) against G. zeae, P. piricola, and P. sasakii. In particular, thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines (IVc–IVd) exhibited outstanding activity (> 90%) against G. zeae. Among all the evaluated compounds, it was found that some showed significant antioxidant activity at 10 µg/mL and the maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed with synthetic thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines (VIIc–VIId) and pyrimido[5,4-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine (IXc–IXd), especially pyrimido[5,4-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine (IXc) which possessed the highest antioxidant activity in comparable to that of standard vitamin C at similar concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semen preservation by cooling or freezing is an essential artificial insemination (AI) step. AI is affected by many factors, such as semen quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different concentrations of different antioxidants such as selenium, zinc oxide and Vitamin C to the diluted buck semen during cooling in both summer and winter. Eight mature healthy Zaraibi bucks were used in the study. semen was collected twice weekly during summer 2021 (august and September) and winter 2022 (January and February). Semen samples were collected by an electro- ejaculator device. Samples of good quality semen were pooled and diluted by extender and divided according to experimental groups: Group 1 Vitamin C: 50 mg /100 ml, 1oo mg /100 ml, 150 mg /100 ml. Group 2 Zinc oxide: 0.5 mg /100 ml, 1 mg /100 ml, 1.5 mg /100 ml. Group 3 Selenium: 100 μL/100 ml, 200 μL / 100, 300 μL / 100. After cooling by 1 hr. semen parameters were examined as motility, livability, acrosome integrity and cell membrane integrity and at 8 hours from cooling then every 8 hr till 64 hr. Seminal antioxidant activities as SOD and catalase were estimated at 0 hr, 24 hr and 48 hr. The results indicated that selenium 200 μL / 100 ml diluent has a favorable effect on cooled diluted buck semen during summer and winter more than selenium 100 μL and 300 μL. Selenium is better than Zinc oxide and Vitamin C for improving the semen quality as with minimum cost. In conclusion adding selenium as antioxidant to buck semen during cooling preservation with 200 μL concentration per 100 diluents is preferred for buck semen during cooling preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Science & Engineering Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: In this work, the photo components were investigated utilising GC-MS analysis and in vitro antioxidant activity, and the anthelmintic potential of methanolic extract of aerial parts of the Lagenaria siceraria (MEALS). By using the soxhlation method. Materials and Methods: MEALS were made from aerial components, and phytochemical analysis was carried out for a qualitative evaluation. The in vitro antioxidant activity was measured using the ABTS technique, and the current extract was utilised to analyse phytocomponents by GC-MS and study anthelmintic activity on Pheretima posthuma. The extract of Lagenaria siceraria included 59 components, according to the GC-MS study's phytochemical analysis. Results: Results from anthelmintic research reveal that MEALS had paralysis times between 4.76 and 2.17 min and death times between 6.18 and 2.34 min when compared to the medicine Albendazole, which is the gold standard (paralysis time 4.76 min to 2.17 min and death time 5.87 min to 1.96 min on Peritima posthuma in increasing order of concentration). The percentage of scavenging ranged from 33.31% to 82.33% (IC50 143) and by standard medicine (ascorbic acid) from 49.47% to 94.73% (IC50 103) using the ABTS technique in the evaluation of an antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Due to the presence of physiologically active phytocomponents, aerial sections of the Lagenaria siceraria (MEALS) were shown to be potent anthelmintic and antioxidant agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus megaterium tyrosinase (Bm TYR) has been proven an applicable biocatalyst in the ortho -hydroxylation of flavonoids, which usually possess higher antioxidant activity than their precursors. With a predicted data mining approach (PDMA), putative novel bioactive flavonoids from known precursors may be good candidates for biotransformation by Bm TYR. Two flavonoid precursors (loureirin A and loureirin B) were confirmed via this approach, which are the commercial constituents of the Chinese medicine dragon's blood. These two flavonoids were then biotransformed by Bm TYR for validation. The results found two novel flavonoids (3′-hydroxyloureirin A and 3′-hydroxyloureirin B), which gained 2.5 and 1.6 times of the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid, respectively. In addition, all four flavonoids—loureirin A, loureirin B, and the two 3′-hydroxyl derivatives—possessed 4–22 times the anti- α -glucosidase activity of acarbose, a clinical anti-diabetes drug. A further kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition mode of the four α -glucosidase inhibitors was non-competitive, and their kinetic constants (K i values) were 64.3 ± 2.5 μM, 308.7 ± 10.4 μM, 69.4 ± 2.8 μM, and 325.3 ± 12.6 μM, respectively. The high antioxidant and anti- α -glucosidase activity suggest that the two novel flavonoids have potential future applications in pharmacology and biotechnology. [Display omitted] • A predicted data mining approach (PDMA) was developed for finding novel biotransformated-compounds. • Two novel flavonoids, 3′-hydroxyloureirin A and 3′-hydroxyloureirin B, were identified. • The two novel flavonoids gain potent antioxidant and anti- α -glucosidase activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of bioactive chemicals in response to mangroves self-defense mechanisms and environmental adaptation has led to an improvement in antioxidant capacity. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity (DPPH method), total phenol, phytochemical content, and HPLC profile of some mangrove species. Samples were taken in the mangrove area around the port of Tanjung Api-Api in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Maceration and extraction of all samples was done using methanol as a solvent. Samples were tested for antioxidant against DPPH free radicals, total phenol with Folin-Ciocalteu method, preliminary phytochemical qualitatives, and and measuring antioxidant compounds with HPLC. Based on the results, the IC50 of antioxidants of all samples revealed that A. marina (171.16 g/mL) (low), B. gymnorrizha (105.09 g/mL) (moderate), and S. alba (28.064 g/mL) (very strong) had antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the phenolic content of A. marina is 9.0258 mg GAE/g, that of B. gymnorrhiza is 13.8222 mg GAE/g, and that of S. alba is 9.4969 mg GAE/g. A phytochemical test of A. marina revealed flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. B. gymnorrizha revealed alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins. S. alba revealed flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. The HPLC profile of antioxidant activity using ascorbic acid showed that A. marina and S. alba were lower than the standards of 64.224 ppm and 67.640 ppm, while B. gymnorrizha was higher than the standard of 109.510 ppm. All three species of mangroves had potential to inhibit free radical reactions in the low, moderate, and very strong categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthetic protocol of our targeted thiadiazole-triazole analogs hybridized with thiophene is based on heterocyclization key compound 5-(2-chloroacetamido)-2-phenyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide (1) in the presence of different thiocarbamoyl reagents 2, 5, and/or 8. The HOMO–LUMO energies and Fukui's indices were established by applying the DFT/B3LYP molecular modeling methodology. The examined compounds exhibited a low and close HOMO–LUMO energy gap of 1.64–1.99 eV, where the derivatives 7 and 4 presented the lowest and highest values, respectively. The antioxidant properties of the prepared thiadiazole–triazole–thiophene hybrids were investigated using the DPPH radical scavenging technique, where hybrids 4 and 6 showed the strongest inhibition, whereas analog 10 showed only moderate inhibition. Over the course of two common reference drugs, vitamin C and BHT, all of the radical scavenging for thiadiazole-triazole hybrids was examined. Additionally, the generated thiadiazole–triazole–thiophene hybrids' molecular docking was evaluated through the PDB code 3MNG. Hybrid 6 had the highest recorded binding score when compared to the other hybrids. The docking repercussions were appropriate and addressed with the antioxidant assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze the contents of ascorbic acid, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, lycopene, ß-carotene and their antioxidant activities in the different maturity stages of tomatoes. The results showed that tomatoes in pink and red stages exhibited higher contents of ascorbic acid concomitant with the correspondent higher hydrophilic antioxidant activities. The contents of phenolics, carotenoids and lycopene were increasing till the red maturity stage. Significant correlation between the DPPH radical scavenging activity and carotenoids, however lycopene was effective in its lowest concentration. The ß-carotene was intensively synthesized between the green and breaker maturity stages, and higher correlated with the FRAP capacity. These findings indicated that tomatoes can be considered as natural sources of bioactive compounds regardless of the maturity stages, while tomatoes in pink and red maturity stages has higher nutritional value and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Limited research studies exist that assess the impact of thermosonication (TS) processing on antioxidant compounds in blackberry juice. Different combinations of TS parameters (temperature, amplitude power and time) were applied to blackberry juice using a pilot‐scale ultrasonic transducer (UIP500hdT). In low‐temperature treatment, the juice was treated at 10°C and 50% amplitude power for 5 min (10‐50‐5) showed the best retention of ascorbic acid (0.95 mg), total phenolic content (TPC) (459.55 mg GAE), 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (261.34 mg TE) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (604.09 mg TE). Similarly, in high‐temperature treatment, the juices were treated at 70°C and 100% amplitude power for 5 min (70‐100‐5) showed ascorbic acid (1.05 mg), TPC (166.17 mg GAE), DPPH (304.95 mg TE) and FRAP (686.93 mg TE). Both low‐ and high‐temperature treatments showed higher retentions in these attributes than untreated and pasteurised juices. The results were further supported by high retention of predominant polyphenols, namely cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (400.58 and 336.94 mg/100 mL, for 10‐50‐5 and 70‐100‐5, respectively). A similar trend was observed in the contents of cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, procyanidin dimer B2, 5‐chlorogenic acid, epicatechin and rutin. TS treatment in overall could be a considerable alternative option to be used for antioxidant‐rich blackberry juice production as it has effects on phytochemicals similar to that of pasteurisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celtis tournefortii Lam and Prosopis farcta plant's antioxidant and polyphenolic characteristics have been attributed to the various phytochemicals, including phenolic and fatty acids, present in the crude extract in the leaves, fruits, pods, and seeds. This study's aim is to determine the entire phytochemical compositions of the leaf and fruit reflect Celtis tournefortii Lam, while pod and seed represent Prosopis farcta from Mazne sub-district, including proximate analysis, total antioxidant capacity, total organic acids, ascorbic acids, polyphenols, and fatty acids following established procedures. Pods have higher levels of fiber (41±0.05 mg/100 g), protein (20.3±0.05%), and vitamin C (26.47±0.03 mg/100 g) from Prosopis farcta, although fruit has higher levels of total antioxidants (89.54± 0.28%) and organic acid (1576±0.57 mg/kg) from Celtis tournefortii Lam. Gallic acid (10.56±0.03 mg/kg) had the highest concentration of polyphenols, whereas the pod contained the highest concentrations of quercetin (11.27±0.14 mg/kg), rutin (13.0±0.57 mg/kg), coumaric acid (2140.57 mg/kg), and chlorogenic acid (659.0±0.57 mg/kg). Oleic acid 32.60±0.24%, Cis-11-Eicosenoic 3.20±0.11%, and Cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic 2.10±0.05% were the most prevalent unsaturated fatty acids in the seed, whereas palmitic 17.40±0.05% and tricosanoic 6.40±0.05% were the most prevalent saturated fatty acids in the leaves. Overall, seeds had the highest concentration of unsaturated fatty acids (74.44%), while leaves had the highest concentration of saturated fatty acids (44.42%). This study identifies two untamed plants, Celtis tournefortii Lam and Prosopis farcta, as potential new sources of natural oil and beneficial natural ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main function of vitamin C, as an antioxidant, is to combat free radicals and prevent premature aging, smoothing wrinkles and expression lines. In addition, it acts directly on depigmentation and prevention of blemishes on the skin. In this study, natural oils (30 wt.%) and α-tocopherol (2.5 wt.%) containing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized with the bacterial fucose-rich polysaccharide FucoPol were formulated, adding L-ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. The optimized formulations were obtained with 8.0 wt.% L-ascorbic acid for the Olea europaea oil formulation (C1) with a ƞ value of 2.71 Pa.s (measured at shear rate of 2.3 s−1) and E24 = 96% and with 15 wt.% L-ascorbic acid for the Prunus amygdalus dulcis formulation (C2) with a ƞ value of 5.15 Pa.s (at a shear rate of 2.3 s−1) and E24 = 99%. The stability of the FucoPol-based formulations was investigated over 45 days at 4 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C. The results showed that all formulations maintained the organoleptic characteristics, with pH variations (5.7–6.8 for C1, and 5.5–6.03 for C2) within the regulations for cosmetic products (4 ≤ pH ≤ 7). The accelerated stability tests proved the formulations' stability at 4 °C with EI = 95% for C1 and EI = 100% for C2. The rheological assessment demonstrated that the formulation presents a shear-thinning and liquid-like behavior. Regarding textural parameters, formulations C1 and C2 displayed an increase in firmness and consistency with similar spreadability during the shelf life. These findings further demonstrate FucoPol's functional properties, acting as an emulsifier and stabilizer polysaccharide in cosmetic formulations containing L-ascorbic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overproduction of free radicals in excess of antioxidants leads to oxidative stress which can cause harm to the body. Conventional antioxidants have drawbacks and are believed to be carcinogenic. The present study seeked to confirm folklore use and validate the antioxidant potentials of Grewia tembensis and Xerophyta spekei which have been widely used in the Mbeere community as medicinal plants. Antioxidant properties were determined through scavenging effects of diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radicals as well as iron chelating effects. The data obtained was assayed in comparison to the standards (Ascorbic acid and EDTA). Ascorbic acid had a significantly greater DPPH radical scavenging property with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 20.54 ± 2.24 µg/mL in comparison to the plant extracts, which had IC50 values of 33.00 ± 1.47 µg/mL, 69.66 ± 1.01 µg/mL and 86.88 ± 2.64 µg/mL for X. spekei, G. tembensis leaf and G. tembensis stem bark extracts, respectively. EDTA demonstrated a significantly greater iron chelating effect having a significantly lesser IC50 value of 25.05 ± 0.79 µg/mL as opposed to 43.56 ± 0.46 µg/mL, 89.78 ± 0.55 µg/mL, and 120.70 ± 0.71 µg/mL for X. spekei, G. tembensis leaf, and G. tembensis stem bark extracts respectively. Additionally, ascorbic acid also exhibited stronger hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging effect than the studied extracts. Generally, X. spekei extract had higher antioxidant activities as compared to both the leaf and stem bark extracts of G. tembensis. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of secondary metabolites associated with antioxidant properties. The present study therefore, recommends ethno medicinal and therapeutic use of G. tembensis and X. spekei in the treatment and management of oxidative stress related infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lilium polyphyllum D.Don ex Royle belonging to family Liliaceae is a medicinal plant distributed in temperate to high altitude regions of Himalaya. Its bulbs have been used for anti-aging and vitality properties in >30 formulations of Ayurveda. Therefore, the knowledge on various traits of the plant is necessary so that quality of the finished products could be maintained. Present study investigates, morphological, biochemical and antioxidant properties in different populations of L. polyphyllum. A significant variation was recorded in different morphological parameters (Plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, bulb diameter, bulb fresh weight). Variation was also recorded for total soluble protein (7.81-11.35 mg/g), soluble sugar (96.14-116.14 mg/g), starch (116.37-122.43 mg/g) and total free amino acid (18.22-26.00 mg/g). Antioxidant properties in the bulb were determined and ABTS activity was 4.22 mM/100 g, DPPH activity recorded 0.85 mM/100 g and FRAP activity was 1.50 mM/100 g dw ascorbic acid equivalent, respectively. The diversity in wild populations of the species may serve as a baseline data for future breeding, domestication and conservation program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient method developed for the synthesis of asymmetric (S)-N-benzylidene-2-(benzyloxy)-1-(5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethanamine derivatives with excellent yield in short reaction time. The antioxidant and antimitotic activities were estimated and strongly correlated with the potential of Ascorbic acid and Methotrexate respectively. All the synthesized molecules were characterized using various spectral techniques including FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectrometry. The drug-likeness properties were studied using in silico ADME parameters. All the compounds have an acceptable range of values which indicated good drug-like characteristics based on Lipinski's rule of five and to be orally active. The present method is quite easy along with simple operation and offers many benefits including short reaction time, easy work-up, excellent yield, reduced waste production as well as cost effective. In addition structure-activity relationships of AP-1 to AP-10 derivatives have been described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of the world population has prompted research to investigate new food/feed alternatives. Hemp-based products can be considered excellent candidates. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an environmentally sustainable plant widespread worldwide. Following the reintroduction of its cultivation, hemp is attracting interest, especially in the food/feed industry. To date, scientific research has mainly focused on its nutritional aspect. Therefore, the aim of the work was also to investigate the functional profile (total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (Ferric- reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)) of hemp-based products (hempseeds (HSs), flowers, and HS protein extract), following methanol extraction and in vitro digestion, to study the behaviour of the molecules involved. The results show an interesting nutritional value, even when compared to matrices used in the food/feed industry, such as soy and flaxseeds. The functional profile revealed a very interesting TPC following methanol extraction for HSs, flowers, and HS protein extract, respectively, (550.3 ± 28.27; 2982.8 ± 167.78; and 568.9 ± 34.18 mg Tannic Acid Equivalent (TAE)/100 g). This trend was also confirmed for FRAP (50.9 ± 4.30; 123.6 ± 8.08; and 29.73 ± 1.32 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalent (AAE)/100 g), recording values similar/higher than soy protein extract and flaxseeds (17.4 ± 1.55; and 10.4 ± 0.44 mg AAE/100 g). The results were also maintained following physiological digestion. These results, although promising, need further investigation, confirming what has been observed with different antioxidant activity assays and identifying individual molecules involved in functional pathways. This information will be necessary to gain a better understanding of the functional characteristics of these matrices for use in food/feed formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of hybrid molecules with significant human therapeutic properties is one of the main approaches of pharmaceutical research. One of the most important pharmacophores is the quinazolin-4(3H)-one heterocycle moiety, due to its wide range of biological activities. By its derivatization with polyphenolic compounds, in our previous research, it proved to possess a good antiradical activity of ortho-diphenolic derivatives of quinazolin-4(3H)-one. In this study, we developed two new series of compounds, with an additional phenolic group or with a methyl group on the thioacetohydrazone fragment. The methods used to evaluate the activity of the compounds were radical scavenging, reduction of oxidizing reagents and transition metals' ions chelation assays. Quantum descriptors were also calculated in order to evaluate the influence of substituents and their position on the activity of the compounds. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using normal human foreskin fibroblast cells (BJ) and two cancerous cell lines, lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and prostate carcinoma cells (LNCaP). The results obtained for the pyrogallol derivatives showed a high antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid and Trolox. All the synthesized compounds displayed a higher cytotoxicity against the cancerous cell types and a high cytocompatibility with the normal cells. The antioxidant activity was deeply influenced by the addition of the third phenolic group in the synthesized molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blighia unijugata (Baker) and B. sapida (K.D. Koenig) (Sapindaceae) are forest trees widespread in Tropical Africa. They are used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, cardiovascular diseases, yellow fever, dysentery, and epilepsy. The essential oils of the air-dried leaves, stem bark, and roots of the plants were extracted using the hydrodistillation method and were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method using a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid as standards. The insecticidal activity of the oils was investigated by determining the percentage mortality of the grain insects (Sitophilus zeamaise). Results showed that the yield of the colorless oils (% w/w) from the leaves, stem bark, and roots of the plants were 0.91%, 0.42%, and 0.34% for B. unijugata and 0.67%, 0.32%, and 0.48% for B. sapida, respectively. The most abundant compounds in B. unijugata leaves were pentadecanoic acid (14-methyl-, methyl ester) (38.34%), carbonic acid, propyl-en-2-yl undecylpropyl ester (36.79%), and 9-octadecanoic acid (Z)-methyl ester (24.86%). The stem bark was rich in 1,3-dimethoxybenzene (79.01%) while the root contained limonene (20.51%), trans-13-octadecanoic acid (16.74 %), and cis-vaccenic acid (9.50%). The leaf essential oil of B. sapida had hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (21.43%), phytol (20.45%), geosmin (16.258%), and a-ionone (8.271%) as the major constituents. The stem bark had cholesterol (38.66%) as the major constituent while the root contained nonanal (18.09%) and 4-cyclopropyl carbonyl tetradecane (11.6%). The antioxidant analysis revealed that B. unijugata root had 83.96% inhibition at 100 mg/ml, while B. sapida stem had 79.73% inhibition, better than a-tocopherol. No significant insecticidal activity was observed in the essential oils of the plants against S. zeamaise except for B. sapida stem which showed 50% toxicity to the maize weevils. However, the two plants can be the source of antioxidant agents against oxidative stress and related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin C is a compound that is widely used in food processing as a preservative and antioxidant. The weakness of vitamin C is that it is unstable and very reactive to environmental conditions. To maintain the stability of vitamin C during processing and storage, emulsification was carried out with a double emulsion Pickering water in oil in water (W/O/W) system. The research method used was descriptive analysis method which consists of two stages. The first stage was to determine the right amount of emulsifier in the manufacture of W/O emulsion and the second stage is the manufacture of W/O/W emulsion which consists of four different treatments with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as the Pickering component. The results showed that the use of 5% sorbitan tristearate produced a stable W/O vitamin C emulsion at 14 days of storage with a coalescence index of 3.2% and a droplet size of 0.698 μm. The combination of polysorbate 80 and MCC produced a W/O/W emulsion with a droplet size of 0.952 μm, creaming index 2.615%, serum index 2.899%, and a lowest increase in IC50 of 0.32 ppm/day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of antioxidant activity in plant extracts or in pure compounds can be performed by a large number of methods with different reaction mechanisms, however, the criteria for choosing comparative standards are still not consensual. Thus, the present work intends to compare the antioxidant efficiency of nine substances, namely, gallic acid (GA), pyrogallol (PyG), propyl gallate (nPG), tannic acid (TA), quercetin (Qtn), rutin (Rut), ascorbic acid (Asc), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) and butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) using methods, (1) Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay, (2) Ferric Reducing Power (FRP), (3) Ferric-Ferrozine Antioxidant Capacity (FFAC), (4) Total Phosphomolybdenum Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and (5) Radical Cation Elimination Assay 2,2' Azinobis(3 Ethylbenzothiazoline 6 Sulfonic Acid) (ABTS). Antioxidant efficacy by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine free radical scavenging method was previously described in a preliminary study. The results show that the maximum effectiveness was exhibited by PyG in the ABTS (0.425 ± 0.005 µM) and TAC (0.872 ± 0.075 µM) methods, Qtn in the FRP (5.776 ± 0.020 µM) and FFAC (20.390 ± 0.291 µM) methods and GA in the FRAP (6.765 ± 0.086 µM) and DPPH (1.105 ± 0.003 µM) methods. The results found in this study reveal that the effectiveness of a standard depends on the method applied, and the antioxidant activity of the same standard may present differences between the methods, which suggests that the selection of a comparative standard for the antioxidant activity tests of the extracts of plants or functional foods must be made according to the method to be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) planted in the Arjsari area has the quality of being a specialty coffee that has superior taste and quality. Post-harvest processing can affect the content of the compounds in coffee such that it will affect the quality of the coffee beans. The post-harvest process from coffee cherries to green coffee beans in a natural, semi-washed, and full-washed manner affects the physical form and taste quality of the coffee beans. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant properties of green coffee beans processed by three different post-harvest processes. The test was carried out in vitro using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) method. Antioxidant activity can be seen from the IC50 value. Vitamin C with an IC50 value of 6.1899 ppm was used in comparison. The test results showed that the three ethanolic extracts of green coffee beans had very strong antioxidant properties when compared with the Vitamin C, with the IC50 values of natural, full-washed, and semi-washed ethanolic extract of green coffee beans, respectively being - 33.8648; 27.1245; and 26.9975 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel methyl anthranilate-based organoselenocyanate hybrids were developed, and their structures were confirmed by the state-of-the-art spectroscopic techniques. Their antimicrobial potency was estimated against various microbial strains (e.g., Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus). The S. aureus and C. albicans strains were more sensitive than E. coli toward the organoselenocyanates. Interestingly, the azoic derivatives 4 and 9, methyl ester 6, and phenoxy acetamide 15 showed promising antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the antitumor potential was estimated against liver and breast carcinomas, as well as primary fibroblasts. Interestingly, the anticancer properties were more pronounced in the HepG2 cells. The organoselenocyanates 4, 6, 9, 10, and 15 showed interesting anti-HepG2 cytotoxic patterns. Additionally, organoselenocyanates 3, 4, and 10 exhibited promising antioxidant activities in the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl in vitro assays compared to ascorbic acid. These data point to promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities of organoselenocyanates 6, 9, and 15 warrant further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of benzothiazol-2-yl-hydrazone derivatives (4a-i) have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and Mass spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized compounds have been screened for antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging activity method. The compounds bearing methoxy group 4c, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h and 4i have shown promising antioxidant activity, better than the standard drug ascorbic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinobacteria, Gram-positive bacteria are the largest phyla among the major species in the bacteria domain. Micromonospora sp. is one of the secondary metabolite-producing Actinobacteria, and it has a comprehensive spectrum of antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antiviral, antiparasitic, diabetogenic anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, inhibitory of enzyme, antioxidant, and other biological activities. The objective of the study is to assess the antioxidant activity of the Actinobacterium Micromonospora sp. producing extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). Enumeration and isolation of Actinobacteria from sediment samples are done. The marine Actinobacteria, Micromonospora sp. are identified by melanoid pigments and other chemotaxonomical characteristics. EPS is produced from the potential marine Actinobacteria and their components are estimated. The total antioxidant value is found for the EPS. The antioxidant activity of the ascorbic acid equivalent which was 142.65 μg/ml was equivalent to 150 μg/ml of the total antioxidant activity of the EPS produced. The role of different antioxidants and the action in different diseases were challenged since they could act as many mechanisms such as reducing power, providing hydrogen to radicals, and scavenging activity (free radical). To conclude, the potent antioxidant activity was obtained from Actinobacteria Micromonospora sp. producing extracellular substances. These extracts might bear anticancer metabolites and are considered a potent anticancer drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bleaching teeth is popular because the discoloration is a major people's concern. This study aimed to compare the effect of three antioxidants on the microleakage of composite resin filling after bleaching teeth with 35% H2O2, thus minimizing the potential clinical toxicity of filling materials entering patients' body. Methods: Sixty-six extracted intact teeth were included in this study. After preparation of a ClV cavity on the buccal surface, the teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n=11, each). Except for group A (control), all others were bleached. Cavities in group A were filled with composite resin. In group B, the samples were immediately restored after bleaching while in group C, the filling was delayed for two weeks after bleaching. In groups D, E, and F, the cavities were treated with either sodium ascorbate, ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, and the filling restored. Teeth were sectioned and the microleakages examined microscopically, and the data were analyzed statistically. Results: Group A showed the least amount of microleakage. In Group B, there was a significant increase in the microleakage when the samples were filled immediately after bleaching. The microleakages among groups of C, D, E, and F were similar to those in group A. Conclusion: The microleakage increased significantly after bleaching with 35% H2O2, while treating dental cavities with the antioxidants effectively reduced the microleakage. Thus, delayed filling is a useful approach to minimize the microleakage. The findings help reduce or prevent the clinical toxicity arising from the microleakage of filling materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit and vegetable juices are important in human diets because of their pleasant, satisfying, aesthetic, refreshing therapeutic qualities. The Ash gourd (Benincasa hispida), a unique melon that belongs to the cucurbit family, includes significant nutritional values with a long storage life and good transport qualities. This fruit contains medicinal and functional characteristics and is used to treat a variety of clinical conditions in Ayurveda, naturopathy and Chinese systems of medicine. The ash gourd is valuable for its nutritional significance and contains characteristics such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, saccharides, proteins, carotene, vitamins, minerals, β-sitosterin, uronic acids and sterols. The fruit includes a high quantity of moisture and the mature fruit is predominantly rich in vitamins B1 and C. It contains a high quantity of dietary fibers. Pharmacological studies have revealed that Benincasa hispida plays important roles in central nervous system (as anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and antidepressant agent, in Alzheimer's disease and for decreasing opiate withdrawal symptoms) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, diuretic, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antimicrobial effects. In addition, ash gourd juice improves gut health by changing the intestinal microbiota, which plays important roles in the health benefits. Thus, consumption of ash gourd juice can be adopted as a part of healthy diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this fundamental research would reveal the actual antioxidant ability of the antioxidants using thermo‐kinetic parameter ΔG≠o which was proposed according to Zhu kinetic model. Kinetic experiments on the reactions between Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and NADH analog (BNAH) with DPPH• and tBu3PhO• radicals were made to measure the reaction rate constants in acetonitrile at 298 K. The ΔG≠o (XH) values of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and BNAH in acetonitrile at 298 K were estimated, and the bond dissociation free energies ΔGo (XH) and kinetic intrinsic barriers ΔG≠XH/X of these three antioxidants to release hydrogen atoms were also compared. Only the data of thermo‐kinetic parameters ΔG≠o (XH) are consistent with the true oxidation sequence. The order of the actual antioxidant activity of these three antioxidants is Vitamin C > Vitamin E > NADH. All our preliminary results throw light on the nature of actual antioxidant ability of antioxidants, which not only depend on thermodynamic driving force, but also depend on the dynamic resistance. Therefore, thermo‐kinetic parameter ΔG≠o is the perfect parameter which can be used as measurement criteria of the actual antioxidant ability of antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study was to determine physicochemical, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of cadmium nanoparticles (Cd NPs) produced using Artemisia persica extract combined with microwave irradiation (850 W). The obtained results showed that the Cd NPs were hexagonal in shape and their size was in the range of 11.2–18.6 nm. The attained results of antioxidant activity showed that at concentrations ranging from 10 to 2560 µg mL−1, there was no considerable difference between scavenging effect of Cd NPs and ascorbic acid (p > 0.05). For A549, 3T3, HT-29, MCF-7, and U87 cells exposed to Cd NPs, the IC50 was measured to be 47.2 ± 1.2 µg mL−1, 10.6 ± 1 µg mL−1, 133.5 ± 1.3 µg mL−1, 1.8 ± 0.7 µg mL−1, and 62.9 ± 3.3 µg mL−1, respectively. Generally, Cd NPs exhibited lower cytotoxicity and higher antioxidant effect in comparison to cadmium ions which further studies should perform to find about the related mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild rose species Rosa moschata Herrm. syn R. brunonii Lindl. belongs to the Rosaceae family. It has numerous medicinal properties and hence is used to make tea, oil, jam, juice, etc. around the world. The species is found abundantly in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Indian Himalaya. It is considered as weed and is left unattended in the region. The study aimed to assess antioxidant property of the rosehips to establish an enterprise through its value-added product development, especially tea. Results showed rosehip flesh extract yields as 37.92% in water and 39.06% in methanol respectively. Study showed total phenolics content of 660±1.52 mg GAE/g in water and 675±2 mg GAE/g in methanol extract and total flavonoid content of 498±0.50 mg Rutin/g in water and 557.33±0.57 mg Rutin/g in methanol extract. The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH IC50 values as 2.72±0.01 AAE μg/mL in water and 1.48±0.09 AAE μg/mL in methanol; ABTS assay as 14.10±2.51 GAE μg/mL in water and 22.68±1.83 GAE μg/mL in methanol; FRAP assay as 32±3.14 μM ascorbic acid equivalent/100 g DW. The study showed that the rosehip species has a high antioxidant property which supports its use as beverages for various health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was aimed to evaluate the physiological properties of pear influenced by two dynamics of loading force and the storage time. In this experiment, the pears were subjected to dynamic loading (300, 350 and 400 g) and different storage periods (5, 10 and 15 d). The amounts of fruit total phenol, antioxidant and Vitamin C contents were evaluated after each storage period. In the present study, multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network featuring a hidden layer and two activating functions (hyperbolic tangent-sigmoid) and a total number of 5 and 10 neurons in each layer were selected for the loading force and storage period so that the amounts of the total phenol, antioxidants and Vitamin C contents of the fruits could be forecasted. According to the obtained results, the highest R² for dynamic loading in a network with 5 neurons in the hidden layer and a sigmoid activation function were obtained for total phenol content (R² = 0.980), antioxidant (R² = 0.983) and Vitamin C (R² = 0.930). Additionally, considering the value of Epoch and Run for the network, the ability of the neural network to predict total phenol, antioxidant and Vitamin C contents can be used. According to the obtained results, the neural network with these two activation functions possesses an appropriate ability in overlapping and predicting the simulated data based on real data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work involves the green and environmentally benign synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines using iodine as a catalyst and PEG-400 as a green solvent at room temperature that gives an excellent yield of products. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity. All the synthesized compounds showed excellent antioxidant activity against DPPH and H2O2 radicals as compared to standard ascorbic acid and even more than standard for SOR and NO radicals. Compound 5h showed the highest % anti-inflammatory activity i.e., 80.73% among the series that was comparable to standard diclofenac sodium whereas compound 5d showed the highest antidiabetic activity i.e., 60.46% which was found potent as compared to standard acarbose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin C is one of the naturally occurring antioxidants capable of reducing or preventing skin photoaging. Achieving a stable formulation with the optimal dose of ascorbic acid to ensure a biologically significant antioxidant effect is a challenge when developing cosmetic formulations. The objective of this study was to develop a stable formula in a non-aqueous media with 15% pure vitamin C supplemented with ginger and to study its efficacy, skin tolerance, and cosmetic assessment in 33 women. Vitamin C stability over time was determined via a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique versus an aqueous option. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination was quantified to provide antioxidant effect. A 56-day in vivo study was performed to evaluate skin luminosity and hyperpigmentation reduction. Skin acceptability was verified by a dermatologist. The HPLC studies demonstrated a high stability of the anhydrous formula compared to an aqueous option. The in vitro studies showed a reduction in ROS of 93% (p-value < 0.0001). In vivo, luminosity increased by 17% (p-value < 0.0001) and skin tone became 10% more uniform (p-value < 0.007). Moreover, very good skin tolerance was determined as the dermatologist did not determine any clinical signs, and the subjects did not report any feelings of discomfort. We were able to develop an anhydrous formula of pure vitamin C that combines very good stability, consumer acceptance, and skin tolerance with a high level of efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigated the effect of some dietary antioxidant's combinations on nutrient digestibility in heat-stressed broilers. The experimental study was conducted for 28 days on 120 Cobb 500 broilers (14 days of age) assigned into 4 groups (30 chicks/group) in cages and exposed to heat stress conditions (32 °C). The control group was fed a control diet (C) and the experimental groups were fed diets including 200 µg/kg diet chromium picolinate and: 0.25 g vitamin C (VC)/kg diet (Cr-VC), 0.025 g Zn/kg diet (Cr-Zn), and 10 g creeping wood sorrel powder (CWS)/kg diet (Cr-CWS). Our results showed that dietary combinations of supplemented antioxidants for chickens under heat stress had a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients and nutrient deposits in liver tissue. Dietary combined effect of Cr and vitamin C or Cr and Zn potentiates the Fe deposition in broilers' liver while Cr-Zn improved the apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, Fe and Zn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, antiradical activity of the Lycianthes rantonnetii (Solanacaeae) plant, to determine levels of element (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Mo, Cd, As, Pb, Co, V, Tl, Li, Ti, Sr, Be), mineral (Mg, P) and vitamin (A, E, C). In the study, metals and mineral analyses were carried out using dry ashing method with ICP-OES, vitamin A and vitamin E analyses were carried out using the HPLC method and vitamin C, total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity and anti-hemolytic activity of the methanol extract Lycianthes rantonnetii (L. rantonnetii) plant was determined spectrophotometrically. According to the results, Cu, Zn, Co, Mg, retinol, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of L. rantonnetii were 57.60 ± 4.83 µmol/kg, 0.14 ± 0.01 mmol/kg, 2.23 ± 0.10 µmol/kg, 39.13 ± 1.76 mmol/kg, 12.22 ± 3.37 μmol/kg, 104.55 ± 7.44 μmol/kg, 80.61 ± 9.31 mg/100 g, 11.45 ± 0.60 mM ascorbic acid/g, 5.33 ± 0.41 mg GA/g and 3.76 ± 0.29 mg QE/g, respectively. The results of this study showed that the content of antioxidant vitamins, minerals of the L. rantonnetii plant was at high levels and it contains a reasonable amount of total phenol, and flavonoids also, it was determined that the plant had a high scavenging activity for free radicals. It is believed that L. rantonnetii can be used as an additive for food products in the various food sectors with appropriate antioxidant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caulerpa racemosa (C. racemosa) is a seaweed containing folic acid, thiamine, ascorbic acid, and phenol as secondary metabolites that function as antioxidants. This study aims to formulate a hand moisturizing cream containing C. racemosa extract and evaluate the quality of the cream preparation. The manufacture of hand cream from C. racemosa extract was carried out in several stages, namely C. racemosa extraction, antioxidant testing, formulation of cream preparations, and evaluation. Evaluation of hand cream preparations of C. racemosa extract included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH measurement, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. The yield of C. racemosa from the extract was 33%. The IC50 of the C. racemosa extract was 159.8 ppm. The results of the organoleptic test of hand cream preparations showed physical characteristics in terms of pH, viscosity, homogeneity, dispersibility, and adhesion following the requirements of cosmetic preparations from the Directorate General of BPOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) is a potential source used in cosmetics to prevent skin aging due to its flavonoids and antioxidant properties. This research aims to determine the best solvent for extracting flavonoids, to conduct a large-scale isolation of flavonoids, and to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid and temperature on the extract's stability for 16 weeks. Various solvents for small-scale extraction were screened based on the polarity index, and one of the best for use in large-scale maceration was selected based on the AlCl3 colorimetric flavonoid content and DPPH antioxidant activity. The stability test was performed by treating cinnamon with and without ascorbic acid at selected temperatures. This test measured physical stability, evaluated flavonoid content and antioxidant activity, and analyzed volatile and non-volatile compounds using GC-MS and LC-MS. The most excellent solvent to extract flavonoids was ethanol due to its high yield (21.50%), flavonoid content (0.01749 ± 8.0 × 10−5 mg QE/g extract), and antioxidant activity (IC50 0.0162 + 7.5 × 10−4 mg/mL). The ascorbic acid addition at both temperatures affected the stability of the pH and chemical constituents. The vast majority of the extract's flavonoid content and antioxidant activity continued to increase until the end of the observation week. This study revealed that ethanol was the best extraction solvent, and ascorbic acid can be recommended as a stabilizer of cinnamon extract for use in cosmetics for further application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) is usually used to enhance the flavor characteristics of various foods. Volatile compounds in Welsh onions, including sulfur-containing compounds, may vary during heat process and storage. Accordingly, the changes in the volatile compounds in Welsh onions, subjected to heat and antioxidant (ascorbic acid and glutathione) treatments during storage, are investigated in the present study. The majority of sulfur-containing compounds in Welsh onions showed significant differences between the untreated Welsh onions and heated Welsh onions. During the heating of the Welsh onions, some sulfur-containing compounds, such as 2-methylthiirane, 1-(methyldisulfanyl)prop-1-ene, 1-[[(E)-prop-1-enyl]disulfanyl]propane, 1-(propyltrisulfanyl)propane, 1-[[(E)-prop-1-enyl]trisulfanyl]propane, and (methyltetrasulfanyl)methane, showed significant differences between the untreated and heated Welsh onions (p < 0.05). In addition, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to discriminate the heated Welsh onion samples added with different antioxidants. The heated Welsh onion samples added with ascorbic acid was mainly associated with 2-phenylacetaldehyde, acetic acid, methylsulfanylmethane, prop-2-ene-1-thiol, undecan-2-one, and (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal. Moreover, the key volatile compounds in the heated Welsh onion samples added with glutathione were 3-ethylthiophene, 1-(methyldisulfanyl)-1-methylsulfanylpropane, 1-methylsulfanylpentane, 2-prop-2-enylsulfanylpropane, and 1-propan-2-ylsulfanylbutane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

20 honey samples from district, Balochistan (Pakistan) were studied for their physiochemical, biochemical and antioxidant potential. During the study, pH, ash content, moisture, total fat, sugar content, reducing and non-reducing sugars, vitamin C, Vitamin A, flavonoids, polyphenols and % DPPH scavenging activity were monitored. The pH of the samples was between4.0 - 5.0, having mean±SD values of 4.5 ± 0.1. The moisture and ash content had an average value of 17.4 ± 0.7 g/100g and 0.142 ± 0.0 g/100g respectively. The fat content had range of values from minimum to maximum 0.12 - 0.49 g/100g with mean±SD of 0.297 ± 0.11. Total sugar content varied between 66.2 - 71.8 g/100g with mean and S.D 68.88 ± 1.7. The sucrose content ranged between 0.60 - 4.28 g/100g with mean±SD 1.93 ± 0.8 while average value of fructose and glucose values were 36.84g/100g ± 0.9 and 30.41g/100g ± 3.00 respectively. All the tested samples showed very low content of Vitamin A while Vitamin C and flavonoids showed the average values of 112.45 ± 9.8 mg/kg and 43.0 ± 2.0 mg CE/kg respectively and polyphenols showed the average value of 748.76 ± 31.6 mg GAE/kg with 6057.5 - 887.2 mg GAE/kg min to max values. The % DPPH scavenging at 40mg/ml showed the values 61.8 - 75.7 min to max with the average of 70.3 ± 0.9. All the tested samples lie within the limits of international standard but Sample P4 showed the best results among all the 20 honey samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we report on the occurrence of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the Argentine shortfin squid, Illex argentinus, the second fishery resource mostly exploited in the Argentinean continental shelf. The total content of four MAAs was evaluated by reverse-phase-HPLC in different tissues (eyes, skin, liver, and gonads). Also, the antioxidant activity of crude extracts was assessed by in-vitro determinations: 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu, and ferrous ion-chelating capacity assays. The content of MAAs was found to be almost ten times higher in female gonads than in other tissues (11,89 ± 0,56 mg/g dry weight). Extracts from skin, female gonads and eyes, exhibit higher antioxidant activity than the reference compounds ascorbic acid and TROLOX. Overall, Argentine squid waste is a promising potential source of MAAs with antioxidant and UV photoprotective properties, which could bear interest in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, thus encouraging maximal and sustainable use of fishing resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: One of the complications after rotator cuff repair is a tendon non-healing. It has already been posited in the literature that vitamin C (VC) promotes tendon healing through its antioxidant properties and its role as a cofactor in collagen synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of postoperative VC supplementation on the tendon healing following repair. Methods: This randomized monocentric prospective study included 98 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in 1-year period and follow-up ultrasound 6 months postoperatively. The cohort was divided into two groups: the VC+ group (500 mg/day PO for 45 days postoperatively) and the VC− group (no supplementation). The evaluation criterion was tendon healing at 6 months postoperatively according to the Sugaya ultrasound classification. Preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluations were based on active mobilities, the Constant score and the subjective shoulder value. Results: There was no difference in term of postoperative outcomes between the two groups. At an average follow-up of 6.3 months, the non-healing rate in the overall population was 17%. This rate was higher in VC− compared to VC+, respectively, 23% vs. 11%), p = 0.2. Conclusion: This study showed a trend to improve tendon healing after rotator cuff repair with VC supplementation. However, a prospective study with a larger patient population should be conducted to confirm this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]