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A series of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized for this investigation. NMR and IR spectrum analysis as well as carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen studies were used to characterize these novel synthesized derivatives. Antibacterial and antifungal tests were conducted on all of the newly synthesized compounds. Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole were utilized as reference medications in antibacterial and antifungal research, respectively. The microbiological assay revealed that the compounds show promising antibacterial and antifungal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds were synthesized for this investigation. NMR and IR spectrum analysis as well as carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen studies were used to characterize these novel synthesized compounds. Antibacterial and antifungal tests were conducted on all of the newly synthesized compounds. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, both Gram+ve bacteria, and Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa, both Gram-ve bacteria, were utilised in antibacterial studies. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were used to test the efficacy of antifungal treatments. Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole were utilized as reference medications in antibacterial and antifungal research, respectively. The inhibitory effects ranged from mild to strong across all of the substances. The results of the screenings showed that several of the compounds had stronger antibacterial and antifungal properties than the standard medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and anti-bacterial properties of the bioactive principles of Sargassum aquifolium (Turner) C.Agardh, a brown seaweed in Red sea of Jazan province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Crystals were obtained from the petroleum ether extract of Sargassum aquifolium and subjected to chemical tests, FTIR spectroscopic analysis and NMR analysis to identify their chemical composition, and to study their antibacterial properties against selected human pathogenic bacteria. In addition, GC–MS analysis was performed to identify the bioactive compounds in the crude petroleum ether extract. Results of the antibacterial effect of the crystal analyte showed a wide spectrum of activity against the screened human pathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The proanthocyanidin (PC)-enhanced polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lysozyme (LZM) hydrogel (PEG-LZM-PC) was prepared based on PEG-LZM hydrogel by post-soaking with PC. The morphology, structure and mechanical properties of PEG-LZM-PC were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and universal testing instruments. Antibacterial ability of PEG-ZEM-PC was evaluated by plate coating method. The effect of PEG-LZM-PC on the expression of inflammatory factors in immune cells was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The results showed that the strength and toughness of PEG-LZM-PC were significantly improved compared with PEG-LZM; the antibacterial performance of PEG-LZM-PC in vivo and in vitro was pretty good; and the inflammatory response caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was inhibited by PEG-LZM-PC, which is expected to promote wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five undescribed triterpenoids and steroids (1 – 5), as well as ten known compounds, were purified from the branches and leaves of Cipadessa baccifera. Notably, 1 and 2 are rare cipadesin-type limonoids with an unusual 8,30-epoxide ring and 1,8-ether linkage, respectively. Compound 5 possessed pregnane steroid skeleton with an uncommon 5/6/6/6/5-fused ring system. Their structures were constructed by extensive spectroscopic analysis (NMR, IR, UV, and HRESIMS), and their absolute configurations were confirmed by ECD calculations and quantum chemical calculations. All the isolates were in vitro assayed for their antimicrobial potentials against 6 pathogenic microorganisms and antiproliferation activities against five human cancer cell lines. As a result, compounds 5 , 12 , 13 , and 14 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities (MIC: 25–50 μg/mL). Moreover, 5 showed cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines with IC 50 values ranging from 8.0 to 19.9 μM. [Display omitted] • Five undescribed triterpenoids and steroids (1 – 5) were isolated from the branches and leaves of Cipadessa baccifera. • The absolute configurations were elucidated by ECD calculations and quantum chemical calculations. • Four compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial and antiproliferation activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report that the effect of additives, namely polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), on graphene oxide (GO) incorporated polysulfone membranes. Previously, GO was prepared by modified hummers's method and confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infra red spectroscopy and Raman spectra analysis. The variation in surface morphology, cross-sectional morphology and the distribution of pores with different sizes, upon variation of additives, was observed by FE-SEM. Thermal and mechanical properties of the membranes were analysed by thermogravimetric and tensile test measurements, respectively. The evaluation of membranes in terms of water permeability was examined and observed that PVP added membrane has superior flux than the PEG added membrane. Similarly, PVP added membrane shows good mechanical strength than the PEG added one. Both membranes exhibit excellent antibacterial activity compared with bare membranes. Considering the additive performance, PVP added membrane shows better antibacterial activity than the PEG added membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired from the leishmanicidal and antibacterial potential of the fractions obtained from the crude extract of Olea ferruginea stem, the anti-leishmanial ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to chromatographic separation, leading to the isolation of a new compound ferruginan (1) and a known compound (+)- cycloolivil (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by various spectroscopic techniques and were assayed for their in vitro antibacterial and leishmanicidal potential. Compound 1 showed 75% inhibition after 24 h of incubation and 98% inhibition after 48 h of incubation against Leishmania tropica KWH23 promastigotes at 100 μg/mL concentration, while compound 2 exhibited 73% and 96% inhibition at the same concentration and incubation time. Compound 1 also showed good activity against various bacterial pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Stannous fluoride (SnF2) is a compound present in many commercially available dentifrices; however, oxidative decomposition negatively impacts its efficacy. Stannous oxidation is often mitigated through the addition of complexing agents or sources of sacrificial stannous compounds. The authors have found that the addition of zinc phosphate significantly improved stannous stability more effectively than other stabilization methods. The authors evaluated the chemical speciation of stannous compounds within a variety of formulations using x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), a technique never used before in this manner. These data were compared and correlated with several antimicrobial experiments. Methods. XANES data of various commercially available compounds and Colgate TotalSF were performed and analyzed against a library of reference compounds to determine the tin chemical speciation. The antibacterial assays used were salivary adenosine triphosphate, short-interval kill test, plaque glycolysis, and anaerobic biofilm models. Results. XANES spectra showed a diverse distribution of tin species and varying degrees of SnF2 oxidation. In vitro antimicrobial assessment indicated significant differences in performance, which may be correlated to the differences in tin speciation and oxidation state. Conclusions. Driven by the excipient ingredients, SnF2 dentifrices contain a distribution of tin species in either the SnF2 or Sn(IV) oxidation state. The addition of zinc phosphate provided significant robustness against oxidation, which directly translated to greater efficacy against bacteria. Practical Implications. The choice of inactive ingredients in a dentifrice with active SnF2 can dramatically impact product stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat against humankind and the search for new therapeutics is needed. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts and compounds isolated from Dissotis senegambiensis and Amphiblemma monticola, two Cameroonian Melastomataceae species traditionally used for the treatment of fever, malaria and infectious diseases. Methods: The plant extracts were prepared by maceration in ethanol. Standard chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used to isolate and identify fourteen compounds from the two plant species [1–6 (from D. senegambiensis), 3, 4 and 7–14 (from A. monticola)]. A two-fold serial micro-dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against four bacterial strains including two resistant bacterial strains, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA3) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA4) and three yeast strains. Results: The fractionation of EtOH extracts afforded fourteen compounds belonging to triterpenoid and phenolic derivatives. The ethanol extracts, compounds 3, 5–8, 10 and the mixture of 10 + 12 were active against all the tested bacterial and fungal species. Compound 7 (MIC = 16–32 μg/mL) and 10 (MIC = 8–16 μg/mL) displayed the largest antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively. Compounds 7, 10 and the mixture of 10 + 12 showed prominent antibacterial activity against methicillin- resistant S. aureus (MRSA) which is in some cases equal to that of ciprofloxacin used as reference antibacterial drug. Compound 8 also showed high radical-scavenging activities and ferric reducing power when compared with vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene used as reference antioxidants. The tested samples were non-toxic to normal cells highlighting their good selectivity. Conclusions: The result of this investigation reveals the potential of D. senegambiensis and A. monticola as well as the most active compounds in the search for new antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. So, further investigations are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of transmitting the “ampicillin” growth inhibitory property to pure sterile water. Design: Three control groups were designed as references of bacterial maximal growth (MG). Different concentrations of ampicillin and pure sterile water used as “positive” and “negative” controls, respectively, and the bacterial cultures supplemented with water that merely exposed to the background carrier waves were set as “sham control.” Settings: The electronic characteristic of the ampicillin solution relayed to the water and then it was added to the bacterial culture medium. By this treatment, water received both the carrier wave and ampicillin electronic properties at 1–105 Hz range. Results: When the MG of the “treated water” and “positive control” dilutions is getting normalized against either sham or negative control, the treated water competently imitates ampicillin in a way that there is no significant difference with the positive control. These results will be affected to some extent by the time of electronic transmission and the inoculation concentration of bacterial culture. Comparison of electromagnetic signal patterns of “treated water” with the “positive control” shows that they are more similar to each other rather than negative control. Conclusion: It is believed that the extremely low frequencies can facilitate electronic transmission of ampicillin supramolecular chemistry into water. Imprinting such a property in water could be the result of durable structural configuration in treated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new homobimetallic bis-diorganotin(IV) complexes: [MeSn]L ( 1), [EtSn]L ( 2), [ n-BuSn]L ( 3), [PhSn]L ( 4), [OctSn]L ( 5) and [ n-BuClSn]L ( 6) ( H L=N′, N′- bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)adipodihydrazide) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by means of elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, FT-IR, NMR (H, C{H}, Sn) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Spectroscopic studies indicate coordination of the ligand to the diorganotin(IV) moieties via iminolic oxygen, nitrogen and phenolic oxygen atoms generating pentacoordinated tin centers. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of ( 1) revealed homobimetallic nature of complex with dimethyltin moieties oriented in trans-conformation. The ligand is non-planar with each Sn atom in a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry. Packing diagrams suggest the essential role of C-HN and C-HO interactions in generating supramolecular assembly. The ligand and complexes were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Compound ( 4) exhibits highest cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND In our search for new agrochemicals from endophytic fungi, the crude extract of the endophytic Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12 associated with the hybrid 'Neva' of Populus deltoides Marsh × P. nigra L. was found to possess larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. RESULTS Fractionation of the extract has led to the isolation of 11 dibenzo-α-pyrones (1-11), including three new congeners: hyalodendriols A-C (1-3). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including the modified Mosher's method for the assignment of the absolute configuration. Compounds 2-7 showed potent larvicidal activities against the fourth-instar larvae of A. aegypti with IC50 values ranging from 7.21 to 120.81 µg mL−1. Among them, penicilliumolide D (6) displayed the strongest activity ( IC50 = 7.21 µg mL−1). A structure-larvicidal activity relationship was discussed. The possible mode of action of these compounds was assessed for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. In addition, hyalodendriol C (3) displayed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Xanthomonas vesicatoria, and exhibited strong inhibition against the spore germination of Magnaporthe oryzae. CONCLUSION Our study revealed dibenzo-α-pyrones to be a new class of larvicidal metabolites against A. aegypti. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study zirconium doped CdS (CdS:Zr) thin films were prepared by spray technique using perfume atomizer and the effect of Zr concentration on the structural, morphological, optical, electrical, magnetic and antibacterial properties of the CdS thin films were studied. XRD studies confirm that both the undoped and doped films exhibit hexagonal crystal structure with a strong (0 0 2) preferential growth. Surface studies show the presence of nanoneedles in the doped films. EDX and XPS studies confirm the presence of Zr in the doped films. Increased transparency and band gap values were observed with Zr doping which was attributed to Moss-Burstein (MB) effect. The doped films exhibit ferromagnetic ordering in the form of S-shaped loops. The Zr-doped CdS films show excellent antibacterial efficiency against K. pneumonia (gram −ve) bacterium which makes them suitable in pharmaceutical device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four natural 1,2-naphthoquinones: mansonones C, E, G, and H were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of Mansonia gagei Drumm. heartwoods. Mansonone G was further converted to eight ether and four ester analogues. The structures of mansonones and the analogues were well-confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. All compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Further modification of mansonone G furnished certain analogues displaying better activity than natural mansonones. Particularly, allyl and prenyl ethers of mansonone G exhibited better activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC sixty-four times better than their natural compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New metal complexes with Schiff base ligand methyl 2-{[(E)-(2- hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}benzoate, were synthesized and characterized. Elemental analyses, EI-MS, 1H and 13C{1H}-NMR were used for ligand characterization whereas elemental analyses, EI-MS, IR and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques were used for the transition metal compounds. All these analyses reveal the bis arrangement of the ligand around the metal centres. The compounds were studied for their antimicrobial activities against different pathogenic microbial species. It was found that the Schiff base ligand was completely inactive in comparison to the transition metal compounds. It was also observed that nickel based metal complex shown good results against Candida albican (25 mm) and zinc based metal complex against Agrobacterium tumefaciens (16 mm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Fagara tessmannii is a shrub of the African rainforests used to treat bacterial infections, cancers, swellings and inflammation. In the present study, the methanol extract from the leaves (FTL), bark (FTB), and roots (FTR) of this plant as well as fractions (FTR1-5) and compounds isolated from FTR namely β -sitosterol-3- O-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 1 ), nitidine chloride ( 2 ) and buesgenine ( 3 ), were tested for their antimicrobial activities against a panel of Gram-negative bacteria including multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Materials and methods The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the above samples; Column chromatography was used for the fractionation and purification of the roots extract whilst the chemical structures of compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. Results Results of the MIC determinations indicated that the crude extracts from the roots as well as fraction FTRa4 were active on all the 26 tested bacterial strains. MIC values below 100 µg/mL were obtained with roots, leaves and bark extract respectively against 30.8%, 15.4% and 11.5% tested bacteria. The lowest MIC value below of 8 µg/mL was obtained with extract from the roots against Escherichia coli MC100 strain. The lowest MIC value of 4 µg/mL was also obtained with compound 3 against E. coli AG102 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC11296 Conclusions The present study demonstrates that F. tessmannii is a potential source of antimicrobial drugs to fight against MDR bacteria. Benzophenanthrine alkaloids 2 and 3 are the main antibacterial consituents of the roots of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposite particles were prepared simply in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and fabricated with silver via a sol–gel route and the physico-chemical and biological properties of these materials were investigated. The objective of this study is to inspect the crystallinity and antibacterial activity of these composite materials. PEG has been used to greatly promote biocompatibility and biodegradability of HAp. Silver nanoparticles were used for improving its bactericidal efficacy while applying composites. Nano-sized HAp composite particles with PEG and nano-silver was incorporated to increase the crystalline nature of the nanocomposite. The structure of nanocomposite particles was studied by XRD, FTIR, HR-SEM, EDS and TEM analyses. Silver nanoparticles loaded on the synthesized HAp-PEG showed a synergistic antibacterial effect against Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). The controlled release of Ag + ion from HAp-PEG-Ag nanocomposite has given good antibacterial efficacy evidenced by epi-fluorescence microscopy images during different hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, phenolic constituents from the rhizomes of D. bonii were isolated and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities were determined. A new compound and eight known phenolic compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of D. bonii. The structure of the new compound was characterized by spectroscopic analysis as 3-(5-hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-2-phenylacrylaldehyde ( 9), along with chrysophanol ( 1), nobiletin ( 2), protocatechuic acid ( 3), protocatechualdehyde ( 4), isoliquiritigenin ( 5), rutin ( 6), nicotiflorin ( 7), and linocaffein ( 8). These compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Most of the compounds demonstrated antibacterial and antioxidant activities, with compound 4 demonstrating especially potent antioxidant effects (SC 4.87 μg/mL) in the DPPH test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two copper(II) complexes of N -(methylpyridin-2-yl)-amidino- O -methylurea (L) containing different anions, Cl − ( 1 ) and ClO 4 − ( 2 ), were prepared and investigated the nucleobase-binding ability toward adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Eight bound adducts were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (infrared, electrospray ionization mass, diffuse reflectance, UV–Vis and electron spin resonance) and thermal analysis. Results have shown the coordination of one or two nucleobase molecules to the copper(II) center of 1 and 2 through the N(7) adenine, N(3) cytosine, N(7) guanine and O(4) thymine by the replacement of anion ligands. Further investigation on the binding potential of 1 and 2 was carried out towards 5′-guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP), a DNA model, and have found that the N(7) atom of 5′-GMP can bind to their copper(II) center. These two coordination compounds, which display the similar base-binding capability, exhibit the antibacterial activity against the three bacteria involved in human-food poisoning ( Salmonella , Escherichia coli and Campylobacter ) with the most potent toward Campylobacter for 1 and Salmonella and E. coli for 2 . Such a behavior suggests that differences in the anionic ligands on 1 and 2 slightly influence on their antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ZnL 2 ]·4EtOH ( 1 ), [PdL(EtOH) 2 ]·Cl ( 2 ) and [PtL(EtOH)Cl] ( 3 ) (HL = N-(2-thiazolyl)-1H-benzotriazole-1-carbothioamide complexes have been synthesized, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR, UV–Vis, and TGA. In complex 1 , the thiazole N and C–S − donor sites of two deprotonated ligand molecules are coordinated to Zn(II) forming a tetrahedral structure, while in case of 2 and 3 , the benzotriazole N and C–S − are participated in the coordination spheres of square planar complexes. Optimized structures, natural bond orbital analysis, molecular electrostatic potential maps, and frontier molecular orbitals have been obtained by DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ method. Time-dependent DFT calculations have been performed to assign the electronic spectra. The complexes in comparison to HL have been screened for their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities. Complex 2 (3.08 μg/mL) is more potent than HL and the other complexes that may be attributed to its ionic nature and presence of two easily replaceable ethanol molecules. The capacity of complexes to slow down the proliferation of the MCF7 cell line has been achieved by down regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factors using RT-PCR technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new polyketides named penialidins A–C ( 1 – 3 ), along with one known compound, citromycetin ( 4 ), were isolated from an endophytic fungus, Penicillium sp., harbored in the leaves of the Cameroonian medicinal plant Garcinia nobilis . Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (NMR and HRMS n ). The antibacterial efficacies of the new compounds ( 1 – 3 ) were tested against the clinically-important risk group 2 (RG2) bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . The ecologically imposing strains of E. coli (RG1), Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter sp. BD4 were also included in the assay. Compound 3 exhibited pronounced activity against the clinically-relevant S. aureus as well as against B. subtilis comparable to that of the reference standard (streptomycin). Compound 2 was also highly-active against S. aureus . By comparing the structures of the three new compounds ( 1 – 3 ), it was revealed that altering the substitutions at C-10 and C-2 can significantly increase the antibacterial activity of 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six undescribed low-polarity compounds including three rare 14-methylergostane steroids (1 – 3), one euphane triterpenoid (4) and two octadecanoic acid ethyl esters (5 and 6), along with ten previously reported terpenyl cometabolites (7 – 16), were isolated from the stems of Tinospora sagittata. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses and comparison with structurally related known compounds, and all of them have been reported from T. sagittata for the first time. Compounds 4 – 6 and 16 showed potent in vitro inhibitory activity against the diabetes target α -glucosidase, while compounds 10 and 14 displayed promising antibacterial effect toward Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. [Display omitted] • New 14-methylergostane steroids, euphane triterpenoid and octadecanoid derivatives were separated from Tinospora sagittata. • All the compounds have been reported from Tinospora sagittata for the first time. • Compounds 4 – 6 and 16 showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. • Compounds 10 and 14 exerted promising antibacterial effect toward Staphylococcus aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first phytochemical investigation from the stems of Croton krabas resulted in the isolation of three new ent -clerodane diterpenoids, crotonkrabases A–C (1 – 3), along with two known compounds, 12-oxohardwickiic acid (4) and crotonpyrone B (5). Their structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods. The structure of 3 was unambiguously proven by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the absolute configurations of compounds 1 – 3 were identified by NOESY and the comparison of their experimental ECD spectra with those of calculated ECD spectra reported in the literature. Compounds 1 , 2 , and 5 showed antibacterial activities against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis); whereas compound 4 exhibited weak antibacterial against B. cereus. In addition, compound 4 showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which was lower than the reference standard acarbose. [Display omitted] • Three new ent -clerodane diterpenes were isolated from Croton krabas stems. • New structures were elucidated by spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and X-ray crystallography. • Some of isolated compounds showed antibacterial (Bacillus cereus and B. subtilis) and/or α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the possibility of a time-resolved bacterial live/dead dynamics observation with the use of plasmonic nanospikes. Sharp nanospikes, fabricated on a 500-nm thick gold film by laser ablation with the use of 1030-nm femtosecond pulses, were tested as potential elements for antibacterial surfaces and plasmonic luminescence sensors. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were stained by a live/dead viability kit, with the dead microorganisms acquiring the red colour, caused by the penetration of the luminescent dye propidium iodide through the damaged cell membrane. Photoluminescence was pumped by 515-nm femtosecond laser pulses with linear (Gaussian beam), circular, azimuthal and radial (Laguerre–Gaussian beam) polarizations, exciting the transverse plasmon resonance of the nanospikes and their apex lightning-rod near-field. According to the numerical electrodynamic modeling, the observed strong increase in the photoluminescence yield for radial polarization, while slightly lower for circular and azimuthal polarizations, compared with the low luminescence intensities for the linear laser polarization, was related to their different laser–nanospike coupling efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new meroditerpene pyrones, chevalone F (1) and 11-hydroxychevalone E (2), a new tryptoquivaline analog, tryptoquivaline V (3) and a new brasiliamide analog, brasiliamide G (4), together with thirteen known compounds, chevalones A-C (5–7), chevalone E (8), 11-hydroxychevalone C (9), pyripyropene A (10), isochaetominine C (11), pyrrolobenzoxazine terpenoids CJ-12662 (12) and CJ-12663 (13), fischerindoline (14), eurochevalierine (15), 1,4-diacetyl-2,5-dibenzylpiperazine-3,7′′-oxide (16) and lecanorin (17) were isolated from the fungus Neosartorya pseudofischeri. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compound 2 showed weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, whereas compounds 7 , 12 , 13 and 15 showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, compounds 13 and 14 showed cytotoxicity against KB and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, as well as the Vero cell line. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study showed phytochemical composition and evaluates the anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of crude extract (CE) and fractions from E. uniflora Linn leaves. Methods: Polyphenols present in crude extract (CE), in aqueous fraction (AqF), and ethyl acetate (EAF) treated fractions from E. uniflora Linn leaves were shown by chromatographic analysis in order to conduct a phytochemical characterization. Antibacterial activity was evaluated based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determined using the agar dilution method. Doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the CE and fractions were applied for conducting in vivo models (male Swiss mice, 8–10 weeks old). The peritonitis experimental model was induced by carrageenan following of Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), Total glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β and TNF-α levels by spectroscopic UV/VIS analysis. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated based on an abdominal writhing model and hot plate test. The results were statistically evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05. Results: High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) detected varying concentrations of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and myricitrin in the CE and fractions obtained from E. uniflora Linn leaves (0.05–0.87%w/w, 0.20–0.32%w/w, and 1.71–6.56%w/w, respectively). In general, the CE had lower MIC values than the fractions, including the lowest MIC against the MRSA strain. The CE and AqF also significantly reduced leukocyte migration and MPO activity (p < 0.05). In addition, AqF significantly reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the CE and fractions exhibited an antioxidant effect (p < 0.05) and peripheral analgesic activity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The CE and fractions from the studied E. uniflora Linn leaves exhibited antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic activity in the performed assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]