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A consensus has formed that the negative social externalities of online harms combined with huge market power of internet intermediaries justify regulation of online service providers.1 Fake news, ...

“To follow and to be followed” has become the new normal in news communication in the age of social media. News audience follow news via social media while they are being followed by news anytime anywhere. This new normal has created a pressing need to investigate whether social media have brought any changes to both party-controlled and market-oriented news media in China in reporting crises. Comparing Xinhua News Agency (party-controlled) and The Paper (market-oriented), this study investigated how they reported COVID-19 and how their news consumers engaged with their COVID-19 news stories on Jinri Toutiao, a popular and yet special form of social media. This study found that Xinhua News Agency continued to stay overwhelmingly positive, while The Paper was more neutral in reporting the health crisis. Xinhua News Agency was surprisingly more episodic than The Paper in framing the pandemic. The Paper, however, had a higher level of user engagement than Xinhua News Agency. To cater to the changing news-seeking behaviors and patterns, both party-controlled and market-oriented news media have changed their operations, but not their fundamental orientations.

The study investigates on activities of returning the usage paper boxes through online shopping among universities’ students in China. It also can investigate the similarity studies in online shopping at other countries and adopting the concept of reverse logistics.Online shopping is the most popular transaction at present especially among students and working adults for conveniences in lifestyles. Online shopping is able to reduce purchasing times, personal costs, having multiple choices with cheaper products. With regards of the package in on-line shopping, most of the sellers are using the designed paper boxes for packaging and sending them to their customers. Upon receiving, the buyers normally destroyed the paper boxes, throwing away into dust bin and some were kept for nothing. These will impact the environment, health and space for unnecessary. The activities on on-line shopping are increasing and the usages of paper boxes are worrying for the country. The population (2019) in China is approximately to 1.4 Billion with the penetration rates on online shopping reached 55.8%. The estimated amount of on-line shopping in 2019 closed to USD 1.9 Trillion and the volume is increasing between 8 -12 % every year. Online shopping is motivated by product range, price advantages and availability of reviews. This study also proposes a framework to improve understanding on which psychological factors may increase the rate on returning the paper-boxes from online-shopping. The framework uses the constructs of Theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a basis, extending an exogenous factors and applies to the pro-environmental activities’ context. At the end the articles show that the intention in returning the paper boxes from online shopping are not only affected by attitude, subjective norms andPerceived Behavioral Control (PBC) but also by exogenous factors.

In April 2019, the U.K. released a white paper about Online Harms. The White Paper proposes to take Internet censorship to a new height, essentially unmatched by any other Western democracy. It’s a sign of how comprehensive censorship has moved beyond repressive regimes to become trendy even in leading republican democracies. To redress a wide range of anti-social online activity, the White Paper seeks to tightly circumscribe user-generated content — so tightly that only a small number Internet giants will be able to profitably publish user-generated content. Other Internet publishers will be pushed towards licensing professional content and cover those costs by charging subscriber fees to consumers. Thus, the White Paper will produce a reconfigured Internet 3.0 that will resemble the cable TV industry, not the current Internet we know and love. This essay addresses three main points. It first deconstructs the some of the “facts” the White Paper uses to justify its censorious ideas. Then it highlights some of the proposals’ worst policy aspects. The essay concludes by explaining how the White Paper will reshape the Internet and kill off most user-generated content.

A consumer study was conducted to determine whether consumers scored beef palatability traits differently on paper versus digital ballots. Beef subprimals representing 4 treatments with inherent variation in eating quality were collected: USDA Select eye of round aged 7 d postmortem, USDA Select strip loin aged 7 d postmortem, USDA Choice tenderloin aged 21 d postmortem, and USDA Prime strip loin aged 21 d postmortem. Accessory muscles, external fat, and connective tissue were removed from subprimals. Muscles were fabricated into 2.5-cm steaks and further divided into 2 equal halves for consumer testing. Consumers (n = 360) evaluated 8 samples divided into 2 blocks representing the 2 ballot types. Within each ballot block, Select longissimus lumborum samples were always served in the first and fifth position, followed by the remaining 3 treatments served in a randomized order among the latter 3 positions. Consumers rated each steak sample for tenderness, juiciness, flavor liking, and overall liking from 0 to 100 on either a paper or a digital ballot and then rated the paired steak halves on the opposite ballot during the second block of sample testing. Ballot type influenced (P < 0.02) all traits, as consumers scored traits greater (P < 0.05) on paper compared with digital ballots, regardless of treatment. The magnitude of differences between ballot types was much smaller than the magnitude of differences between cut treatments, which also differed (P < 0.01). The smallest margin between ballot type was observed for tenderness (1.8 points); juiciness, flavor liking, and overall liking all differed by 3.4 points. Independent studies could and have utilized digital ballots without concern, as consumers sorted samples by treatment in the current study similarly, regardless of ballot type. However, researchers should consider ballot type for their sensory studies, especially if data will be added to a collective data set.