1,108 results
Search Results
2. Phenotyping of Obesity Treatment Candidates: A Narrative Review.
- Author
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Sherf-Dagan S, Refaeli R, and Buch A
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- Humans, Waist Circumference, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Anti-Obesity Agents therapeutic use, Male, Obesity therapy, Obesity complications, Bariatric Surgery, Phenotype, Body Mass Index, Adiposity
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: This review explores characterizing candidates for obesity treatments including pharmacotherapy, endoscopic bariatric therapies, and metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS), focusing on established clinical parameters for diagnosing obesity beyond body mass index alone., Recent Findings: Existing literature primarily provides rates for fat mass percentage (i.e., a marker for adiposity quantity), waist circumference (i.e., a marker for adiposity distribution), and C-reactive protein levels (i.e., a marker for adiposity functionality) among obesity treatment candidates. Limited data on abnormal values and sex-based differentiation exist. The literature indicates high central-tendency measures for fat mass percentage and waist circumference, while C-reactive protein levels vary. Data on the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (i.e., a marker for adiposity-related disease severity) is predominantly available for MBS candidates. Future studies in obesity interventions should improve screening and diagnosis of obesity by incorporating sex-specific considerations and providing abnormal value rates for measurements to enhance understanding of patients' characteristics., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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3. Dietary patterns and adiposity over time - analysis of the ELSA-Brasil.
- Author
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Alves MA, Lotufo PA, Benseñor I, and Marchioni DML
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- Humans, Brazil, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Adult, Feeding Behavior, Body Mass Index, Follow-Up Studies, Waist Circumference, Aged, Dietary Patterns, Adiposity, Diet statistics & numerical data, Diet methods
- Abstract
Purpose: Combining different statistical methods to identify dietary patterns (DP) may provide new insights on how diet is associated with adiposity. This study investigated the association of DP derived from three data-driven methods and adiposity indicators over time., Methods: This study used data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). DP were identified at baseline applying three statistical methods: Factor Analysis (FA), Treelet Transform (TT), and Reduced Rank Regression (RRR). The association between DP and adiposity indicators (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage and fat mass index) over the period of 8.2 years of follow-up was assessed by linear mixed-models., Results: Convenience DP, marked by unhealthy food groups, was associated with higher adiposity over the follow-up period, regardless of the method applied. The DP identified by TT and marked by high consumption of rice and beans was associated with lower adiposity, whereas the similar DP identified by FA, but additionally characterised by consumption of poultry and red meat was associated with higher adiposity. Prudent DP, marked by plant-based food groups and fish, identified by FA was associated with lower adiposity across the median follow-up time., Conclusion: Applying different methods to identify DP showed that a convenience DP was associated with higher adiposity independent of the method applied. We also identified the nuances within adherence to a Brazilian traditional dietary pattern characterised by the consumption of rice and beans, that only when combined with reduced consumption of animal protein and unhealthy foods was associated with lower adiposity over time., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.)
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- 2024
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4. Meeting muscle-strengthening recommendation is associated with lower adiposity, higher physical fitness and healthier lifestyle in adolescents: The EHDLA study.
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Duarte Junior MA, Gaya AR, Mello JB, Faigenbaum AD, García-Hermoso A, and López-Gil JF
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- Humans, Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Life Style, Muscles, Adiposity, Physical Fitness
- Abstract
Aim: To determine the prevalence of adolescents who meet muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) recommendation and their associations with anthropometric variables, physical fitness, and lifestyle behaviours in a sample of Spanish adolescents aged 12-17 years., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data from The Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) Study. Participants reported the days on which they engaged in MSA (≥3 days per week were considered to meet World Health Organization recommendation). Physical fitness was assessed with the ALPHA fitness battery. Additionally, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfolds and body fat percentage were assessed. Lifestyle variables were recreational screen time, sleep time and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The associations between MSA and outcome variables were tested with linear and logistic regressions., Results: Of the 852 participants, 48% met MSA recommendation. Meeting MSA recommendation was associated with lower adiposity and higher performance in the shuttle run test, maximal oxygen consumption, standing long jump, speed-agility, flexibility, lower screen time (in weekdays) and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet., Conclusion: Engaging in MSA once or twice a week was linked with more desirable health outcomes than not engaging in such activities. However, meet with MSA recommendation (i.e., at least 3 days per week) reinforced these benefits., (© 2024 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.)
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- 2024
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5. Correlation of ventricle epicardial fat volume and triglyceride-glucose index in patients with chronic heart failure.
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Cheang I, Zhu X, Lu X, Shi S, Yue X, Tang Y, Gao Y, Liao S, Yao W, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Xu Y, and Li X
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- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Biomarkers blood, Blood Glucose metabolism, Chronic Disease, Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Heart Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Heart Ventricles physiopathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Triglycerides blood, Ventricular Function, Left, Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Adiposity, Heart Failure diagnostic imaging, Heart Failure physiopathology, Heart Failure blood, Insulin Resistance, Pericardium diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
To explore the association of ventricle epicardial fat volume (EFV) calculated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and the insulin resistance indicator of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in patients with chronic HF (CHF), this retrospective cohort study included adult CHF patients with confirmed diagnosis of heart failure from January 2018 to December 2020. All patients underwent 3.0T CMR, and EFV were measured under short-axis cine. Spearman correlation, multivariate linear regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to analyze their association. There were 516 patients with CHF, of whom 69.8% were male. Median EFV was 57.14mL and mean TyG index was 8.48. Spearman correlation analysis showed that TyG index was significantly correlated with the EFV in CHF patients (r = 0.247, P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that TyG index levels were significantly associated with EFV as both continuous variables (Unstandardized β = 6.556, P < 0.001) and across the increasing quartiles (β = 7.50, 95% CI [1.41, 13.59], P < 0.05). RCS demonstrated there were a positive trend and linear association between EFV and TyG index in CHF patients (P for nonliearity = 0.941). In patients with CHF, the TyG index was positively and linearly associated with the EFV, which supports the metabolic roles of epicardial adipose tissue regarding insulin resistance., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2024
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6. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic insights and management strategies. A joint position paper by the World Heart Federation and World Obesity Federation
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Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Wael Almahmeed, Harold Bays, Ada Cuevas, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Carel W le Roux, Naveed Sattar, Marie Chan Sun, Gary Wittert, Fausto J Pinto, John P H Wilding, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
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Cardiometabolic complications ,Epidemiology ,Obesity ,Overweight ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Cardiovascular disease ,Cardiovascular risk ,Adiposity - Abstract
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com, The ongoing obesity epidemic represents a global public health crisis that contributes to poor health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and >2.8 million deaths each year. Obesity is relapsing, progressive, and heterogeneous. It is considered a chronic disease by the World Obesity Federation (WOF) and a chronic condition by the World Heart Federation (WHF). People living with overweight/obesity are at greater risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Increased adiposity (body fat), particularly visceral/abdominal fat, is linked to CV risk and CV disease (CVD) via multiple direct and indirect pathophysiological mechanisms. The development of CVD is driven, in part, by obesity-related metabolic, endocrinologic, immunologic, structural, humoral, haemodynamic, and functional alterations. The complex multifaceted nature of these mechanisms can be challenging to understand and address in clinical practice. People living with obesity and CVD often have concurrent chronic physical or psychological disorders (multimorbidity) requiring multidisciplinary care pathways and polypharmacy. Evidence indicates that intentional weight loss (particularly when substantial) lowers CVD risk among people with overweight/obesity. Long-term weight loss and maintenance require ongoing commitment from both the individual and those responsible for their care. This position paper, developed by the WOF and the WHF, aims to improve understanding of the direct and indirect links between overweight/obesity and CVD, the key controversies in this area and evidence relating to cardiometabolic outcomes with available weight management options. Finally, an action plan for clinicians provides recommendations to help in identifying and addressing the risks of obesity-related CVD (recognizing resource and support variances between countries).
- Published
- 2022
7. Association between inflammatory potential of diet and anthropometric indicators of adiposity among a sample of Turkish university
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Ozcaliskan Ilkay, Hatice and Cicek, Betul
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- 2024
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8. Easy Diet Screener: A quick and easy tool for determining dietary patterns associated with lipid profile and body adiposity.
- Author
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Malinowska AM
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- Adult, Body Mass Index, Diet, Western, Humans, Obesity epidemiology, Triglycerides, Adiposity, Diet
- Abstract
Background: There is a lack of simple tools that could allow members of the general population to estimate their own dietary patterns and to associate them with unfavourable health outcomes. The present study aimed to develop and validate a simple self-administered tool, called the Easy Diet Screener (EDS), that would identify healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns and evaluate their association with unfavourable blood and anthropometric parameters (i.e. values outside the recommended values)., Methods: In total, 259 adult people (31-50 years of age) participated in this observational study. They filled out an online version of the EDS questionnaire; those who scored highly were assigned to the healthy dietary pattern (HDP) group, whereas those with a low score were assigned to the western dietary pattern (WDP) group. The dietary records, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated in a subset of 200 participants who obtained similar score in the repeated EDS (paper version)., Results: People assigned to HDP on the basis of EDS had significantly better diet quality than those assigned to WDP, with values of the Healthy Eating Index being 76.9 ± 9.2 and 58.7 ± 10.5, respectively. People classed as WDP had a higher risk of too high serum low-density lipoproteins [odds ratio (OR) = 2.65], triglycerides (OR = 3.67), body mass index (OR = 2.87) and percentage of fat tissue (OR = 3.98) than did people in the HDP., Conclusions: EDS is an easy tool for quickly identifying healthy and western dietary patterns that are associated with lipid profile and body adiposity., (© 2021 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.)
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- 2022
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9. There Is a Clinical Need to Consider the Physical Activity: Sedentary Pattern in Children with Obesity - Position Paper of the European Childhood Obesity Group
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Valérie Julian, Susanne Ring-Dimitriou, Justyna Wyszyńska, Artur Mazur, Piotr Matlosz, Marie Laure Frelut, Eva Erhardt, Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou, Anders Forslund, Emma Boyland, Daniel Weghuber, and David Thivel
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Pediatric Obesity ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Adolescent ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Humans ,Sedentary Behavior ,Child ,Exercise ,Adiposity - Abstract
Introduction: While international prevention guidelines recently advocated, in addition to moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines, for a minimization of sedentary (SED) time, recommendations remain to be developed for youths with obesity. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, plus the reference lists of selected articles for relevant publications in English, including original papers, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, with search terms “sedentary behaviors” or “sedentary time” or “screen time” AND “children” or “adolescents” AND “obesity” or “adiposity” or “cardiometabolic risk” or “cardiometabolic disease.” The results were summarized as a narrative review and presented to the scientific board of the European Childhood Obesity Group (ECOG), who then discussed their implication in clinical practice and proposed the position outlined in this paper. Results: SED and screen times are associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic risks, independently of youths’ physical activity (PA) level. Besides considering MVPA and SED times as separate variables, comprehensive studies have questioned the impact of different patterns of MVPA and SED levels. Although lower body adiposity and better cardiometabolic health are achieved among those with desirable movement behavior patterns (i.e., more MVPA/less SED or active/not SED), youths with intermediate patterns (i.e., high MVPA/high SED and low MVPA/low SED, or active/SED and inactive/not SED) have been found to be associated with intermediate risks. Conclusion: There is a need to decrease SED behaviors irrespective of MVPA and to consider PA-SED patterns in youth with obesity. The ECOG encourages anti-obesity strategies targeting both PA and SED behaviors to support the shift from long periods of SED time, especially screen time, to daily routines incorporating bouts of PA. Stepwise or sequential approaches to movement behavior counseling might start with targeting SED at first to decrease cardiometabolic risks when implementing MVPA is not yet possible.
- Published
- 2022
10. Delivery by caesarean section and offspring adiposity and cardio-metabolic health at ages 6.5, 11.5 and 16 years: results from the PROBIT cohort in Belarus.
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Rifas-Shiman SL, Huh SY, Martin RM, Kramer M, Patel R, Bogdanovich N, Vilchuck K, Thompson J, and Oken E
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- Body Mass Index, Female, Humans, Obesity, Pregnancy, Republic of Belarus, Risk Factors, Adiposity, Cesarean Section
- Abstract
Background: Caesarean delivery has been associated with later adiposity, perhaps via early programming or perhaps because of residual confounding by maternal or birth characteristics., Objectives: Examine associations of caesarean delivery with adiposity and cardio-metabolic biomarkers., Methods: Observational analysis of 15 069 children in the PROBIT cohort in Belarus. We examined measures of child anthropometry and blood pressure at 6.5, 11.5 and 16 years and fasting blood (11.5 years)., Results: Caesarean-delivered children were slightly heavier at 6.5 (mean BMI 15.8 vs. 15.6 kg/m
2 ), 11.5 (18.4 vs. 18.2) and 16 years (21.5 vs. 21.3). After adjustment for prenatal characteristics including maternal third trimester BMI, however, we observed no association of caesarean versus vaginal delivery with child BMI (β 0.05 kg/m2 ; 95%CI: -0.03, 0.14), sum of skinfolds (0.14 mm; -0.13, 0.42), waist circumference (-0.07 cm; -0.23, 0.10), obesity (OR 0.99; 0.76, 1.29), or systolic (-0.20 mmHg; -0.70, 0.30) or diastolic (-0.17 mmHg, -0.60, 0.26) blood pressure at 6.5 years; results were similar at 11.5 and 16 years. At 11.5 years, we observed a modest association of caesarean delivery with fasting insulin (0.33 mU/L; 0.00, 0.65)., Conclusions: Caesarean delivery had little or no association with adiposity or related cardio-metabolic biomarkers in childhood. Adjustment for maternal BMI attenuated all outcome effect estimates., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation.)- Published
- 2021
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11. Adiposity and muscle mass phenotyping is not superior to BMI in detecting cardiometabolic risk in a cross-sectional study.
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Kakinami L, Danieles PK, Ajibade K, Santosa S, and Murphy J
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- Absorptiometry, Photon, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Muscles, Nutrition Surveys, Adiposity, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: Classifying adiposity based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) muscle and fat mass phenotypes has been proposed. Whether these phenotypes are more accurate in predicting cardiometabolic risk than BMI weight status is unknown., Methods: Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999-2006 cycles, n = 5,475). Weight status was defined by BMI. Phenotypes of adiposity and muscle were based on high (≥50th percentile) and low (<50th percentile) permutations of sex- and age-specific fat and muscle mass population curves. The area under the curves of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC-AUCs), which predicted the presence of abnormal lipids, glucose, and blood pressure, were compared. All analyses were stratified by sex and incorporated the complex survey design and weighting of NHANES., Results: The ROC-AUCs from weight status models used to correctly identify cardiometabolic risk ranged from 0.57 to 0.68, indicating generally weak predictive power. However, the ROC-AUCs from DXA phenotypes were lower (ranging from 0.53-0.68), indicating weaker predictive power than weight status, and were statistically inferior for nearly all of the comparisons., Conclusions: Despite DXA's high cost and detailed output regarding body composition, its phenotype classification was inferior to weight status in predicting cardiometabolic risk. Further studies investigating the utility of the phenotypes are needed., (© 2021 The Obesity Society.)
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- 2021
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12. Pathophysiological Characteristics Linking Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Neoplasia: This paper is dedicated to the 70(th) anniversary of the founding of Physiologia Bohemoslovaca (currently Physiological Research)
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GREGA, Tomas, VOJTECHOVA, Gabriela, GREGOVA, Monika, ZAVORAL, Miroslav, and SUCHANEK, Stepan
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endocrine system diseases ,Incidence ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Review ,Risk Assessment ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Risk Factors ,Hyperglycemia ,Hyperinsulinism ,Animals ,Dysbiosis ,Humans ,Obesity ,Insulin Resistance ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Energy Metabolism ,Adiposity - Abstract
A substantial body of literature has provided evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and colorectal neoplasia share several common factors. Both diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide and have an increasing incidence. In addition to usual risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and family history, common pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of these diseases have been identified. These include changes in glucose metabolism associated with adipose tissue dysfunction including insulin resistance resulting to hyperinsulinemia and chronic hyperglycemia. In addition to altered glucose metabolism, abdominal obesity has been associated with accented carcinogenesis with chronic subclinical inflammation. An increasing number of studies have recently described the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases including T2DM and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Due to the interconnectedness of different pathophysiological processes, it is not entirely clear which factor is crucial in the development of carcinogenesis in patients with T2DM. The aim of this work is to review the current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms of colorectal neoplasia development in individuals with T2DM. Here, we review the potential pathophysiological processes involved in the onset and progression of colorectal neoplasia in patients with T2DM. Uncovering common pathophysiological characteristics is essential for understanding the nature of these diseases and may lead to effective treatment and prevention.
- Published
- 2021
13. Different protein intake in the first year and its effects on adiposity rebound and obesity throughout childhood: 11 years follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
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Totzauer M, Escribano J, Closa-Monasterolo R, Luque V, Verduci E, ReDionigi A, Langhendries JP, Martin F, Xhonneux A, Gruszfeld D, Socha P, Grote V, and Koletzko B
- Subjects
- Infant, Female, Child, Humans, Follow-Up Studies, Obesity epidemiology, Body Mass Index, Adiposity, Overweight
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: Infant feeding affects child growth and later obesity risk. We examined whether protein supply in infancy affects the adiposity rebound, body mass index (BMI) and overweight and obesity up to 11 years of age., Methods: We enrolled healthy term infants from five European countries in a double blind randomized trial, with anticipated 16 examinations within 11 years follow-up. Formula-fed infants (n = 1090) were randomized to isoenergetic formula with higher or lower protein content within the range stipulated by EU legislation in 2001. A breastfed reference group (n = 588) was included. Adiposity rebound and BMI trajectories were estimated by generalized additive mixed models in 917 children, with 712 participating in the 11 year follow-up., Results: BMI trajectories were elevated in the higher compared to the lower protein group, with significantly different BMI at adiposity rebound (0.24 kg/m
2 , 0.01-0.47, p = 0.040), and an increased risk for overweight at 11 years (adjusted Odds Ratio 1.70; 1.06-2.73; p = 0.027) but no significant difference for obesity (adjusted Odds Ratio 1.47; 0.66-3.27). The two formula groups did not differ in the timing of adiposity rebound, but all children with obesity at 11 years had an early adiposity rebound before four years., Conclusions: Compared to conventional high protein formula, feeding lower protein formula in infancy lowers BMI trajectories up to 11 years and achieves similar BMI values at adiposity rebound as observed in breastfed infants., (© 2022 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.)- Published
- 2022
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14. Infant feeding practices associated with adiposity peak and rebound in the EDEN mother-child cohort.
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Camier A, Cissé AH, Lioret S, Bernard JY, Charles MA, Heude B, and de Lauzon-Guillain B
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- Body Mass Index, Breast Feeding, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Adiposity, Obesity
- Abstract
Background/objective: High magnitude of adiposity peak and early adiposity rebound are early risk markers of later obesity. Infant diet represents one of the main modifiable determinants of early growth. This study aimed to investigate the association between infant feeding practices and age and magnitude of adiposity peak and rebound., Subjects/methods: Analyses were based on data from the French EDEN mother-child cohort. Data on breastfeeding and complementary feeding were collected at birth and 4, 8, and 12 months. From clinical examinations and measurements collected in the child's health booklet up to 12 years, individual growth curves were modeled, and ages and magnitudes of adiposity peak and rebound were estimated. Associations between infant feeding practices and growth were investigated by multivariable linear regression in children after testing a child-sex interaction., Results: In the studied population (n = 1225), adiposity peak occurred at a mean of 9.9 ± 2 months and adiposity rebound at 5.5 ± 1.4 years. Associations between infant feeding practices and adiposity peak or rebound were moderated by child sex. For girls, each additional month of breastfeeding was related to a 2-day increase in the age at adiposity peak (p < 0.001), and an 18-day increase in the age at adiposity peak (p = 0.004). Whereas for boys, each additional month for the age at complementary food introduction was associated with a 29-day increase in the age at adiposity rebound (p = 0.02). For boys, long breastfeeding duration was only related to reduced body mass index at adiposity peak., Conclusions: Child sex has a moderating effect on the association between infant feeding practices and adiposity peak or rebound. The well-known association between breastfeeding duration and early growth seems stronger in girls than boys. The association found for complementary feeding in boys may give new insights into preventing obesity., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2022
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15. Body adiposity index to analyze the percentage of fat in young men aged between 7 and 17 years.
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de Macêdo Cesário T, de Almeida-Neto PF, de Matos DG, Wells J, Aidar FJ, da Costa RF, and de Araújo Tinoco Cabral BG
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- Absorptiometry, Photon methods, Adolescent, Anthropometry methods, Body Mass Index, Child, Humans, Male, Obesity, Adipose Tissue, Adiposity
- Abstract
Background: The body adiposity index (BAI), uses anthropometry to estimate percent body fat (%F). However, previous studies have shown that the BAI has limited accuracy for children and adolescents., Objective: We propose to develop and validate an adjusted BAI for use in male children and adolescents from 7 to 17 years of age., Methods: The sample consisted of 141 physically active male children and adolescents (age: 12.5 ± 2.14). The %F was determined by X-ray dual energy absorptometry equipment (DXA) as the standard method and by BAI, using an equation that uses height and hip circumference. Arithmetic modeling was used to adjust the structure of the BAI mathematical model., Results: The BAI arithmetic adjustment was successful, resulting in the mathematical model named in the present study of adjusted body adiposity index (BAI
ADJ ). BAI and BAIADJ correlated with DXA (r ≤ .70, p < .001). Regression analyzes indicate that, BAI (CI 95% β: [1.35; 1.90], p < .0001) and BAIADJ (CI 95% β: [1.40; 1.90], p < .0001) have the potential to estimate %F. BAI pointed out a difference in relation to DXA (p = .04). While there was no difference between BAIADJ and DXA (p = .1). There was a proportion bias of 13.2% for BAI (p < .05), but not for BAIADJ (p > .05)., Conclusion: The adjusted model of the body adiposity index proves to be an effective tool for the analysis of the fat percentage in young males. In addition, it demonstrated significant degrees of agreement and validity in relation to DXA., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)- Published
- 2022
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16. The making of a classic: the 1974 Durnin–Womersley body composition paper.
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Heymsfield, Steven B. and Strauss, Boyd J. G.
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HISTORY of serial publications ,BODY composition ,SKINFOLD thickness ,LEAN body mass ,WATER ,BODY mass index ,BONE density ,PREDICTION models - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on judging to ‘be of a satisfactory degree of accuracy' while estimating body fat. Topics include proposing a series of initial body density equations solving for two components of body mass such as fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM); and curvilinear relationship between skinfold thickness and body density which being a proxy at the time for body fat content.
- Published
- 2022
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17. Adiposity rebound in very-low-birth-weight infants.
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Nakayama K, Ichikawa G, Naganuma J, Koyama S, Arisaka O, Sairenchi T, Kobashi G, and Yoshihara S
- Subjects
- Birth Weight, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Adiposity, Body Mass Index, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight metabolism, Pediatric Obesity etiology
- Abstract
Objectives: Adiposity rebound (AR) refers to an increase in body mass index (BMI) after a nadir. Early AR, in which AR occurs earlier than five years old, is a risk factor for future obesity and metabolic syndrome, but has not been widely studied in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs)., Methods: The subjects were VLBWIs born in Dokkyo Medical University NICU from January 2008 to December 2010. Height and weight measured at birth and at intervals until seven years old were obtained from medical records. The lowest BMI after one year of age was used for the age of AR. The subjects were divided into those with early and normal AR (<5 and ≥5 years old). BMI percentile at age seven years was compared using the interquartile range (IQR). Changes in BMI were evaluated by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)., Results: There were 38 early AR cases and 62 normal AR cases, giving a prevalence of early AR similar to that in infants with normal birth weight. BMI percentile at age seven years was significantly higher in early AR cases than in normal AR cases (44.6 [IQR: 21.0-79.2] vs. 14.4 [IQR: 3.8-40.8] kg/m
2 ). Changes in BMI were also significantly higher in early AR cases (p=0.024 by ANOVA)., Conclusions: Early AR in VLBWIs is a predictor of future obesity., (© 2021 Koryo Nakayama et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.)- Published
- 2021
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18. Evaluation of the body adiposity index against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessing body composition in children and adolescents.
- Author
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de Macêdo Cesário T, de Almeida-Neto PF, de Matos DG, Wells J, Aidar FJ, and de Araújo Tinôco Cabral BG
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- Absorptiometry, Photon methods, Adolescent, Body Fat Distribution methods, Brazil, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Absorptiometry, Photon statistics & numerical data, Adiposity, Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: It is important to clarify the association of lean and fat mass between children and adolescents considering the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in this age group. The aim of this study was to verify the association between the body adiposity index (BAI) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) methods for analyzing body composition, as well as analyzing the validity of BAI to verify the percentage of fat in children and adolescents., Methods: The sample was composed of 106 children and adolescents, 44 females (age: 11.5 ± 1.8 years) and 62 evils (13.6 ± 2.6 years). The body fat (%F) was measured using DXA and the doubly indirect BAI body fat estimation technique., Results: The BAI and DXA estimates of %F were strongly correlated (boys: r = .71, P < .0001; girls: r = .72, P < .0001). The linear regression analyses showed that BAI is significant to estimate the %F in total sample (P < .0001). For boys, the %F analyzes performed by BAI and DXA did not show any differences when compared (P = .2). In addition, BAI pointed out a significant proportion bias for both sexes (P < .0001), which suggests its inefficiency in the analysis of %F., Conclusions: BAI and DXA correlate; however, there is low reliability and a high proportion bias for the analysis of %F by BAI., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2021
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19. Neck adipose tissue accumulation is associated with higher overall and central adiposity, a higher cardiometabolic risk, and a pro-inflammatory profile in young adults.
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Arias-Tellez MJ, Acosta FM, Garcia-Rivero Y, Pascual-Gamarra JM, Merchan-Ramirez E, Martinez-Tellez B, Silva AM, Lopez JA, Llamas-Elvira JM, and Ruiz JR
- Subjects
- Absorptiometry, Photon, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Neck anatomy & histology, Young Adult, Adiposity, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Obesity, Abdominal diagnosis
- Abstract
Objectives: Neck adipose tissue (NAT) volume increases with general adiposity, with fat accumulating in different neck tissue compartments. In patients with certain malignant/benign tumours, the accumulation of NAT, and certain NAT distributions, have been associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR). However, it is unknown whether the same relationships exist in healthy people, and whether NAT accumulation and distribution are related to the inflammatory status., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 139 young healthy adults (68% women) underwent a computed tomography scan to quantify the volume of compartmental (i.e., subcutaneous, intermuscular and perivertebral) and total NAT at the height of vertebra C5. Anthropometric indicators were measured, and body composition determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Information on CMR factors (i.e., blood glycaemic and lipid markers, blood pressure and physical fitness) was also gathered, and a CMR score calculated. Several plasma cytokines and serum components of the innate immune system were measured to determine the inflammatory status., Results: Compartmental and total NAT volumes were directly related to body mass index (BMI), and lean, fat, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) masses (all, P ≤ 0.05). Larger compartmental (especially intermuscular) and total NAT volumes were directly associated with the CMR score, several CMR factors (i.e., glycaemic and lipid markers and blood pressure), and the C3, C4 and leptin concentrations. They were, however, inversely correlated with the CMR factors high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and physical fitness, and with the adiponectin concentration (all P ≤ 0.05). Several of these associations remained statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) after adjustment for BMI, body fat percentage or VAT mass. Overall, results did not change after applying false discovery rate correction., Conclusions: NAT volume and its distribution among different tissue compartments is associated with the CMR and inflammatory profile of young healthy adults. Total NAT volume appears to be as valuable as VAT mass in terms of predicting CMR and inflammatory status.
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- 2021
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20. The Interdependence of Blood Pressure and Glucose in Vietnam.
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Nga TTT, Blizzard CL, Khue LN, Le Van Ngoc T, Bao TQ, Otahal P, Nelson MR, Magnussen CG, Van Tan B, Srikanth V, Thuy AB, Son HT, Hai PN, Mai TH, Callisaya M, and Gall S
- Subjects
- Adult, Biomarkers blood, Body Mass Index, Female, Glucose Metabolism Disorders diagnosis, Glucose Metabolism Disorders epidemiology, Humans, Hypertension diagnosis, Hypertension epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity diagnosis, Obesity epidemiology, Prognosis, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Vietnam epidemiology, Waist Circumference, Adiposity, Blood Glucose metabolism, Blood Pressure, Glucose Metabolism Disorders blood, Hypertension physiopathology, Obesity physiopathology
- Abstract
Introduction: Modelling of associations of systolic blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose (BG) with their explanatory factors in separate regressions treats them as having independent biological mechanisms. This can lead to statistical inferences that are unreliable because the substantial overlap in their etiologic and disease mechanisms is ignored., Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship of systolic blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose (BG) with measures of obesity and central fat distribution and other factors whilst taking account of the inter-dependence between them., Methods: Participants (n = 14706, 53.5 % females) aged 25-64 years were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols., Results: Structural modelling identified direct effects for BG (men P = 0.000, women P = 0.029), age (men P = 0.000, women P = 0.000) and body mass index (BMI) (men P = 0.000, women P = 0.000) in the estimation of systolic BP, and for systolic BP (men P = 0.036, women P = 0.000) and waist circumference (WC) (men P = 0.032, women P = 0.009) in the estimation of BG. There were indirect effects of age, cholesterol, physical activity and tobacco smoking via their influence on WC and BMI. The errors in estimation of systolic BP and BG were correlated (men P = 0.000, women P = 0.004), the stability indices (men 0.466, women 0.495) showed the non-recursive models were stable, and the proportion of variance explained was mid-range (men 0.553, women 0.579)., Conclusion: This study provided statistical evidence of a feedback loop between systolic BP and BG. BMI and WC were confirmed to be their primary explanatory factors. Saturated fat intake and physical activity were identified as possible targets of intervention for overweight and obesity, and indirectly for reducing systolic BP and BG. Harmful/hazardous alcohol intake was identified as a target of intervention for systolic BP.
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- 2021
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21. Prevalence of obesity and an interrogation of the correlation between anthropometric indices and blood pressures in urban Lagos, Nigeria.
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Adegoke O, Ozoh OB, Odeniyi IA, Bello BT, Akinkugbe AO, Ojo OO, Agabi OP, and Okubadejo NU
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Hypertension epidemiology, Male, Metabolic Syndrome complications, Middle Aged, Nigeria epidemiology, Obesity epidemiology, Risk Factors, Waist-Height Ratio, Adiposity physiology, Blood Pressure physiology, Obesity complications, Waist Circumference physiology
- Abstract
Adverse cardiovascular outcomes are linked to higher burden of obesity and hypertension. We conducted a secondary analysis of data for 5135 participants aged ≥ 16 years from our community-based hypertension prevalence study to determine the prevalence of obesity and association between multiple anthropometric indices and blood pressure (BP). The indices were waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), a body shape index(ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and conicity index (CI). We performed statistical analyses to determine the association, predictive ability, cutoff values and independent determinants of hypertension. Crude prevalence of obesity was 136 per 1000 (95% confidence interval 126-146). BMI had the strongest correlation with systolic and diastolic BP (r
s = 0.260 and 0.264, respectively). Indices of central adiposity (AVI, WC, WHtR, BRI) were the strongest predictors of hypertension (≥ 140/90 mmHg), and their cut-off values were generally higher in females than males. WHR, age, BMI and CI were independent determinants of hypertension ≥ 140 mmHg (p < 0.05). We conclude that, based on this novel study, measures of central adiposity are the strongest predictors and independent determinants of hypertension in our population, and cut-off values vary from previously recommended standards.- Published
- 2021
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22. Systematic review on retinal microvasculature, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and adiposity in children and adolescents.
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Sousa-Sá E, Zhang Z, Pereira JR, Wright IM, Okely AD, and Santos R
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- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Exercise, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Microvessels, Obesity, Adiposity, Sedentary Behavior
- Abstract
Aim: As retinal microvasculature (RMV) can be assessed non-invasively, it presents an opportunity to examine the health and disease of the human microcirculation, as RMV alterations have been recognised as one of the earliest signs of cardiovascular risk. This review summarises current literature on the associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and/or adiposity and RMV in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years., Methods: Six databases were searched (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO and CINAHL), through to December 11, 2019. English, Portuguese, French, Spanish or Dutch were the languages searched. Meta-analyses were performed using the meta-analyst software., Results: A total of 6796 studies were screened, and 26 studies were included, representing 24 448 participants, from 12 different countries. Studies reporting results on weight status were twenty-three, PA was assessed in six studies, and SB was assessed in three studies. Four studies examined weight status and PA/SB. Meta-analysis was performed for two studies and showed that children with obesity have smaller retinal arterioles (-2.38 µm difference, 95% CI 0.62, 4.15 µm) and larger retinal venules (2.74 µm difference, 95% CI -4.78, -0.72 µm) than children without obesity., Conclusion: Results showed that adiposity was associated with microvascular alterations in children and adolescents. Increased adiposity, lack of PA and high levels of SB were negatively correlated with vessel width parameters., (© 2020 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2020
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23. Physical growth and body adiposity patterns in children and adolescents at high altitudes in Peru: Proposed percentiles for assessment.
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Cossio-Bolaños MA, Sanchez-Macedo L, Lee Andruske C, Fuentes-López J, Limachi-Flores M, Apaza-Cruz J, Mamani-Velásquez D, Mamani-Luque O, Sulla-Torres J, and Gomez-Campos R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Peru, Adiposity, Altitude, Growth
- Abstract
Objectives: This study's purpose was to compare physical growth (PG) patterns of children and adolescents living at high elevations with those of other geographic regions, relate body adiposity indicators, and develop percentile reference tables for assessing physical growth and body adiposity., Methods: The sample included 1536 children and adolescents ages 5.0 to 17.9 years from Puno (Peru) located between 3821 and 4349 m above sea level. Weight, height, arm and waist circumferences (WC), and three skinfolds measurements were recorded. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-height Index (WHI) were calculated., Results: PG patterns for children living at a high altitude reflected similar values for weight, height, and arm circumference (AC) to those of their counterparts living in Puno (Peru) and La Paz (Bolivia). When compared with children living at moderate altitudes in Peru, they showed slightly lower PG values. BMI explained between 41% and 64% of the variance in sum of the skinfolds, while WC explained between 47% and 66%. HWI was not a strong predictor of variation in sum of skinfolds. Percentiles were generated for WC and the sum of skinfolds., Conclusion: Weight, height, and, arm and waist circumference patterns for children and adolescents living at high altitudes were similar to those of La Paz (Bolivia). WC and the sum of the skinfolds were better indicators for analyzing abdominal obesity compared to BMI and WHI. The percentiles proposed may be a useful tool for identifying high risk of developing overweight disorders in pediatric populations living at high altitudes., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
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- 2020
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24. Sex differences in infant blood metabolite profile in association with weight and adiposity measures.
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Ellul S, Ponsonby AL, Carlin JB, Collier F, Mansell T, Vuillermin P, Burgner D, and Saffery R
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- Adolescent, Anthropometry, Australia, Birth Weight, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Linear Models, Male, Metabolome, Metabolomics methods, Obesity, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Waist Circumference, Adiposity, Body Weight, Cholesterol blood, Fatty Acids blood, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Skinfold Thickness
- Abstract
Background: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolic profiling quantifies a large number of metabolites. From adolescence, specific metabolites are influenced by age, sex and body mass index; data on early-life metabolic profiles are limited. We investigated associations between sex, birth weight, weight and adiposity with NMR metabolic profile at age 12 months., Methods: The plasma NMR metabolic profile was quantified in infants (n = 485) from the Barwon Infant Study. Associations between 74 metabolites and sex, birth weight z-score and 12-month measures (weight z-score, skinfold thickness, weight-for-length z-score) were examined using linear regression models., Results: Several cholesterol and fatty acid measures were higher (0.2-0.3 SD) in girls than in boys; we observed modest sex-specific associations of birth weight z-scores and 12-month sum of skinfold thicknesses with metabolites. The pattern of associations between weight z-score and weight-for-length z-score with metabolites at 12 months was more pronounced in girls, particularly for fatty acid ratios., Conclusions: We identified sex differences in the infant metabolic profile. Sex-specific patterns observed differ from those reported in older children and adults. We also identified modest cross-sectional associations between anthropometric and adiposity measures and metabolites, some of which were sex specific.
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- 2020
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25. Are longitudinal reallocations of time between movement behaviours associated with adiposity among elderly women? A compositional isotemporal substitution analysis.
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Pelclová J, Štefelová N, Dumuid D, Pedišić Ž, Hron K, Gába A, Olds T, Pechová J, Zając-Gawlak I, and Tlučáková L
- Subjects
- Aged, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Europe, Eastern, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Adiposity physiology, Exercise physiology, Sedentary Behavior
- Abstract
Background: This study aimed to use compositional data analysis to: (1) investigate the prospective associations between changes in daily movement behaviours and adiposity among elderly women; and (2) to examine how the reallocation of time between movement behaviours was associated with longitudinal changes in adiposity., Subjects/methods: This is a 7-year longitudinal study in Central European older women (n = 158, baseline age 63.9 ± 4.4 years). At baseline and follow-up, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour were measured by accelerometer and body adiposity (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [%BF]) was assessed from measured height and weight and bioelectrical impedance analyser. Compositional regression with robust estimators and compositional longitudinal isotemporal substitution analysis explored if, and how, changes in movement behaviours were associated with adiposity., Results: Over 7 years, the prevalence of obesity in the sample increased by 10.1% and 14.6% according to BMI and %BF, respectively, and time spent in sedentary behaviour increased by 14%, while time spent in LIPA and MVPA decreased by 14% and 21%, respectively. The increase in sedentary behaviour at the expense of LIPA and MVPA during the 7-year period was associated with higher BMI and %BF at follow-up (both p < 0.01). The increase in LIPA or MVPA at the expense of sedentary behaviour was associated with reduced BMI and %BF at follow-up. In our sample, the largest change in BMI (0.75 kg/m
2 ; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37-1.13) and %BF (1.28 U; 95% CI: 0.48-2.09) was associated with longitudinal reallocation of 30 min from MVPA to sedentary behaviour., Conclusions: We found an association between longitudinal changes in daily movement behaviours and adiposity among elderly women in Central Europe. Our findings support public health programmes to increase or maintain time spent in higher-intensity physical activity among elderly women.- Published
- 2020
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26. Body shape: Implications in the study of obesity and related traits.
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Navarro P, Ramallo V, Cintas C, Ruderman A, de Azevedo S, Paschetta C, Pérez O, Pazos B, Delrieux C, and González-José R
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- Abdominal Fat physiology, Adult, Argentina, Female, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity diagnosis, Young Adult, Adiposity, Body Size, Overweight diagnosis
- Abstract
Objectives: The diagnosis and treatment of obesity are usually based on traditional anthropometric variables including weight, height, and several body perimeters. Here we present a three-dimensional (3D) image-based computational approach aimed to capture the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue as an aspect of shape rather than a relationship among classical anthropometric measures., Methods: A morphometric approach based on landmarks and semilandmarks placed upon the 3D torso surface was performed in order to quantify abdominal adiposity shape variation and its relation to classical indices. Specifically, we analyzed sets of body cross-sectional circumferences, collectively defining each, along with anthropometric data taken on 112 volunteers. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on 250 circumferences located along the abdominal region of each volunteer. An analysis of covariance model was used to compare shape variables (PCs) against anthropometric data (weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences)., Results: The observed shape patterns were mainly related to nutritional status, followed by sexual dimorphism. PC1 (12.5%) and PC2 (7.5%) represented 20% of the total variation. In PCAs calculated independently by sex, linear regression analyses provide statistically significant associations between PC1 and the three classical indexes: body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and waist-hip ratio., Conclusion: Shape indicators predict well the behavior of classical markers, but also evaluate 3D and geometric features with more accuracy as related to the body shape under study. This approach also facilitates diagnosis and follow-up of therapies by using accessible 3D technology., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2020
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27. Intergenerational changes in adiposity and fat distribution from 1982 to 2011 in male children and adolescents from Kolkata (India).
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Kryst Ł, Żegleń M, Das S, Dasgupta P, Saha R, and Das R
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- Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Skinfold Thickness, Time Factors, Adiposity, Body Fat Distribution
- Abstract
Background: India, as a developing country, is subjected to numerous socioeconomic changes. They can significantly influence human development and be mirrored by the secular trends regarding the adiposity and body fat distribution., Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the intergenerational changes of adiposity and body fat distribution in Bengali boys, between 1982 and 2011., Methods: The study group consisted of 2064 Bengali boys, aged 7-16, from the middle-class families, examined in two cross-sectional surveys in 1982-83 and 2005-2011. Triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds were measured. Their sum and the mean percentage of every skinfold were calculated. The percentage of body fat (%BF) was assessed using Slaughter's equations., Results: Positive secular trend, significant for most of the age groups, was observed for %BF and sum of skinfolds. It was also present for suprailiac and subscapular skinfolds., Conclusions: Adiposity has significantly changed over the past three decades. The results confirm that the measurements of skinfold thickness are a great tool to relatively easily and accurately assess body adiposity in countries such as India. Moreover, further analysis of these trends can help to identify possible negative changes as well as establish their causes in a particular population., (© 2019 World Obesity Federation.)
- Published
- 2020
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28. Inflammation and fatness in adolescents with and without Down syndrome: UP & DOWN study.
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Gutierrez-Hervas A, Gómez-Martínez S, Izquierdo-Gómez R, Veiga OL, Perez-Bey A, Castro-Piñero J, and Marcos A
- Subjects
- Adiposity immunology, Adolescent, Biomarkers blood, Child, Comorbidity, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Adiposity physiology, Down Syndrome epidemiology, Down Syndrome immunology, Down Syndrome metabolism, Inflammation epidemiology, Inflammation immunology, Inflammation metabolism, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity immunology, Pediatric Obesity metabolism
- Abstract
Background: The main objective of this study was to describe the inflammatory status of adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) and their relationship with adiposity., Methods: Ninety-five adolescents with DS (44.2% girls) and a control group of 113 adolescents (47.8% girls), aged between 11 and 18 years old, from the UP & DOWN study were included in this substudy. Serum C-reactive protein, C3 and C4 complement factors, total proteins, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, insulin, cortisol, leptin, adiponectin, galactin-3 and visfatin were analysed; homeostatic model assessment index was calculated. In order to evaluate adiposity, we measured the following body fat variables: weight, height, waist circumference and skinfold thicknesses. Birth weight was obtained by questionnaire. In addition, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated., Results: Down syndrome group showed higher levels of body mass index, WHtR, waist circumference, BF% and lower birth weight than controls (P < 0.001). In the general linear model in the total sample, WHtR was positively associated with C3 and C4 (P < 0.001) as well as with leptin levels (P = 0.015). BF% was positively associated with total proteins (P = 0.093) and leptin levels (P < 0.001). DS was positively associated with total proteins (P < 0.001), C3 (P = 0.047) and C4 (P = 0.019). Despite the higher levels of adiposity found in DS group, no direct association was found between BF% and leptin levels, comparing with the control group., Conclusions: These findings suggest that abdominal obesity should be controlled in adolescents because of its relationship with acute phase-inflammatory biomarkers but especially in DS adolescents who may show a peculiar metabolic status according to their relationship between adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers., (© 2019 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2020
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29. High birthweight was not associated with altered body composition or impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood.
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Johnsson IW, Ahlsson F, and Gustafsson J
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Adiposity, Birth Weight, Glucose Metabolism Disorders etiology
- Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether a high birthweight was associated with an increased proportion of body fat or with impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood., Methods: Our cohort comprised 27 subjects with birthweights of 4500 g or more, and 27 controls with birthweights within ±1 standard deviation scores, born at Uppsala University Hospital 1975-1979. The subjects were 34-40 years old at the time of study. Anthropometric data was collected, and data on body composition was obtained by air plethysmography and bioimpedance and was estimated with a three-compartment model. Indirect calorimetry, blood sampling for fasting insulin and glucose as well as a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test were also performed. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using homoeostasis model assessment 2 and Matsuda index., Results: There were no differences in body mass index, body composition or insulin sensitivity between subjects with a high birthweight and controls., Conclusion: In this cohort of adult subjects, although limited in size, those born with a moderately high birthweight did not differ from those with birthweights within ±1 standard deviation scores, regarding body composition or glucose tolerance., (©2019 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2019
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30. Independent and cumulative effect of diet and exercise on reduction of adiposity measures among obese people
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Kamalasundari, Somasundaram, Hemalatha, Ganapathysamy, and Raghavan, Premalatha Mundankandath
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- 2016
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31. Physical Activity and Excess Body Weight and Adiposity for Adults. American College of Sports Medicine Consensus Statement.
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Jakicic JM, Apovian CM, Barr-Anderson DJ, Courcoulas AP, Donnelly JE, Ekkekakis P, Hopkins M, Lambert EV, Napolitano MA, and Volpe SL
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- Humans, Weight Loss physiology, Weight Gain, Adult, Obesity prevention & control, Energy Metabolism physiology, Overweight prevention & control, Overweight therapy, Consensus, Sports Medicine, Bariatric Surgery, Adiposity physiology, Exercise physiology
- Abstract
Abstract: Excessive body weight and adiposity contribute to many adverse health concerns. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recognizes that the condition of excess body weight and adiposity is complex, with numerous factors warranting consideration. The ACSM published a position stand on this topic in 2001 with an update in 2009, and a consensus paper on the role of physical activity in the prevention of weight gain in 2019. This current consensus paper serves as an additional update to those prior ACSM position and consensus papers. The ACSM supports the inclusion of physical activity in medical treatments (pharmacotherapy, metabolic and bariatric surgery) of excess weight and adiposity, as deemed to be medically appropriate, and provides perspectives on physical activity within these therapies. For weight loss and prevention of weight gain, the effects may be most prevalent when physical activity is progressed in an appropriate manner to at least 150 min·wk-1 of moderate-intensity physical activity, and these benefits occur in a dose-response manner. High-intensity interval training does not appear to be superior to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for body weight regulation, and light-intensity physical activity may also be an alternative approach provided it is of sufficient energy expenditure. Evidence does not support that any one single mode of physical activity is superior to other modes for the prevention of weight gain or weight loss, and to elicit holistic health benefits beyond the effects on body weight and adiposity, multimodal physical activity should be recommended. The interaction between energy expenditure and energy intake is complex, and the effects of exercise on the control of appetite are variable between individuals. Physical activity interventions should be inclusive and tailored for sex, self-identified gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and developmental level. Intervention approaches can also include different forms, channels, and methods to support physical activity., (Copyright © 2024 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)
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- 2024
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32. A cocktail of histidine, carnosine, cysteine and serine reduces adiposity and improves metabolic health and adipose tissue immunometabolic function in ovariectomized rats.
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Baudin J, Hernandez-Baixauli J, Romero-Giménez J, Yang H, Mulero F, Puiggròs F, Mardinoglu A, Arola L, and Caimari A
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Dietary Supplements, Ovariectomy, Adiposity drug effects, Carnosine pharmacology, Histidine pharmacology, Adipose Tissue drug effects, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Cysteine pharmacology, Serine pharmacology, Serine metabolism
- Abstract
Many women have sought alternative therapies to address menopause. Recently, a multi-ingredient supplement (MIS) containing L-histidine, L-carnosine, L-serine, and L-cysteine has been shown to be effective at ameliorating hepatic steatosis (HS) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, a postmenopausal oestrogen deficiency model. Considering that HS frequently accompanies obesity, which often occurs during menopause, we aimed to investigate the effects of this MIS for 8 weeks in OVX rats. Twenty OVX rats were orally supplemented with either MIS (OVX-MIS) or vehicle (OVX). Ten OVX rats received vehicle orally along with subcutaneous injections of 17β-oestradiol (OVX-E2), whereas 10 rats underwent a sham operation and received oral and injected vehicles (control group). MIS consumption partly counteracted the fat mass accretion observed in OVX animals, leading to decreased total fat mass, adiposity index and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT) adipocyte hypertrophy. OVX-MIS rats also displayed increased lean mass and lean/fat ratio, suggesting a healthier body composition, similar to the results reported for OVX-E2 animals. MIS consumption decreased the circulating levels of the proinflammatory marker CRP, the total cholesterol-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, a biomarker of diabetes risk and metabolic syndrome. RWAT transcriptomics indicated that MIS favourably regulated genes involved in adipocyte structure and morphology, cell fate determination and differentiation, glucose/insulin homeostasis, inflammation, response to stress and oxidative phosphorylation, which may be mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects described for OVX-MIS rats. Our results pave the way for using this MIS formulation to improve the body composition and immunometabolic health of menopausal women., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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33. The optimal measurement period of actigraphy for circadian rhythm in relation to adiposity: A retrospective case-control study.
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Chuang HH, Lin YH, Lee LA, Chang HC, She GJ, and Lin C
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Retrospective Studies, Obesity physiopathology, Middle Aged, Algorithms, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Actigraphy methods, Adiposity physiology, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Body Mass Index
- Abstract
Background: This study focused on the relationship between adiposity and Rest-Activity Rhythms (RAR), utilizing both parametric cosine-based models and non-parametric algorithms. The emphasis was on the impact of varying measurement periods (7-28 days) on this relationship., Methods: We retrieved actigraphy data from two datasets, encompassing a diverse cohort recruited from an obesity outpatient clinic and a workplace health promotion program. Participants were required to wear a research-grade wrist actigraphy device continuously for a minimum of four weeks. The final dataset included 115 individuals (mean age 40.7 ± 9.5 years, 51 % female). We employed both parametric and non-parametric methods to quantify RAR using six standard variables. Additionally, the study evaluated the correlations between three key adiposity indices - Body Mass Index (BMI), Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) area, and Body Fat Percentage (BF%) - and circadian rhythm indicators, controlling for factors like physical activity, age, and gender., Results: The obesity group displayed a significantly lower relative amplitude (RA) as per non-parametric algorithm findings, with a decreased amplitude noted in the parametric algorithm analysis, in comparison to the overweight and control groups. The relationship between circadian rhythm indicators and adiposity metrics over 7- to 28-day periods was examined. A notable negative correlation was observed between RA and both BMI and VAT, while correlation coefficients between adiposity indicators and non-parametric circadian parameters increased with extended durations of actigraphy data. Specifically, RA over a 28-day period was significantly correlated with BF%, a trend not seen in the 7-day measurement (p = 0.094) in multivariate linear regression. The strength of the correlation between BF% and 28-day RA was more pronounced than that in the 7-day period (p = 0.044). However, replacing RA with amplitude as per parametric cosinor fitting yielded no significant correlations for any of the measurement periods., Conclusion: The study concludes that a 28-day measurement period more effectively captures the link between disrupted circadian rhythms and adiposity. Non-parametric algorithms, in particular, were more effective in characterizing disrupted circadian rhythms, especially when extending the measurement period beyond the standard 7 days., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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34. Improving dietary patterns in obese mice: Effects on body weight, adiposity, anhedonia-like behavior, pro-BDNF expression and 5-HT system.
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Ferreira NB, Dias CT, Chaaban AFA, Beserra-Filho JIA, Ribeiro AM, Lambertucci RH, and Mendes-da-Silva C
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Mice, Mice, Obese, Hippocampus metabolism, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A metabolism, Tryptophan Hydroxylase metabolism, Behavior, Animal physiology, Hypothalamus metabolism, Dietary Patterns, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor metabolism, Anhedonia physiology, Serotonin metabolism, Obesity metabolism, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Adiposity physiology, Body Weight physiology
- Abstract
Introduction: The excessive fat accumulation in obesity, resulting from an unbalanced diet, can lead to metabolic and neurological disorders and increase the risk of developing anxiety and depression., Aim: Assess the impact of dietary intervention (DI) on the serotonergic system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and behaviors of obese mice., Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice, 5 weeks old, received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks for the induction of obesity. After this period, for 8 weeks, half of these animals received a control diet (CD), group obese (OB) + control diet (OB + CD, n = 10), and another half continued being fed HFD, group obese + HFD (OB + HFD, n = 10). At the end of the eighth week of intervention, behavioral tests were performed (sucrose preference test, open field, novel object recognition, elevated plus maze and tail suspension). Body weight and food intake were assessed weekly. Visceral adiposity, the hippocampal and hypothalamic protein expression of BDNF, 5-HT1A (5-HT1A serotonin receptor) and TPH2 (key enzyme in serotonin synthesis), were evaluated after euthanasia., Results: The dietary intervention involved changing from a HFD to a CD over an 8-week period, effectively reduced body weight gain, adiposity, and anhedonia-like behavior. In the OB + HFD group, we saw a lower sucrose preference and shorter traveled distance in the open field, along with increased pro-BDNF expression in the hypothalamus compared to the OB + CD mice. However, the levels of TPH2 and 5-HT1A remained unchanged., Conclusion: The HFD model induced both obesity and anhedonia, but the dietary intervention successfully improved these conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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35. Effect of Time-Varying Exposure to School-Based Health Promotion on Adiposity in Childhood.
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Santos-Beneit G, Bodega P, de Cos-Gandoy A, de Miguel M, Rodríguez C, Orrit X, Carral V, Haro D, Carvajal I, Peyra C, Martínez-Gómez J, Fernández-Alvira JM, Fernández-Jiménez R, and Fuster V
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- Humans, Child, Male, Female, Spain epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity prevention & control, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Health Promotion methods, Body Mass Index, Follow-Up Studies, Time Factors, Waist Circumference, Adiposity physiology, School Health Services organization & administration
- Abstract
Background: The results of most school-based health promotion initiatives are inconclusive., Objectives: This trial assessed the effect of time-varying exposures to a multicomponent school-based health promotion intervention (SI! Program) on adiposity markers., Methods: A total of 48 schools in Madrid (Spain) were cluster randomized to receive the SI! Program through elementary education grades 1 to 6 (E1-6, 12 schools, 459 children), 1 to 3 (E1-3, 12 schools, 513 children), or 4 to 6 (E4-6, 12 schools, 419 children) or to receive the standard curriculum (control, 12 schools, 379 children). The primary endpoint was the between-group difference at 3- and 6-year follow-up in the change from baseline in adiposity markers and the overall knowledge-attitudes-habits (KAH) score., Results: At 3-year follow-up, children who had the intervention showed significantly lower increases than the control group in z-scores for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist circumference (WC) (zBMI: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.16 to -0.03; P = 0.003; zWC and zWHtR: -0.19; 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.10; P < 0.001). At 6-year follow-up, the beneficial trend in zWC and zWHtR was maintained in the E1-6 and E1-3 groups: difference zWC control vs E1-6 (-0.19; 95% CI: -0.36 to -0.03; P = 0.020), control vs E1-3 (-0.22; 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.06; P = 0.009); difference zWHtR control vs E1-6 (-0.24; 95% CI: -0.41 to -0.06; P = 0.009), and control vs E1-3 (-0.29; 95% CI: -0.47 to -0.11; P = 0.001). No significant between-group differences were found in the change of overall KAH score., Conclusions: Early elementary school interventions may be more effective than later interventions on abdominal adiposity. Further research should assess the sustainability effects of school-based health promotion programs., Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures The study was supported by the SHE Foundation-la Caixa Foundation under agreement LCF/PR/CE16/10700001. Mr Martínez-Gómez is the recipient of grant FPU21/04891 (Ayudas para la formación de profesorado universitario, FPU-2021) from the Ministry of Education, Cluture, and Sport. Dr Fernández-Jiménez is the recipient of grant PI22/01560 from the Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII]) with cofunding from the European Union. The National Center for Cardiovascular Research (Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares [CNIC]) is supported by the ISCIII, the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (MCIUN), and the Pro CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020-001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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36. Green banana flour supplementation improves obesity-associated systemic inflammation and regulates gut microbiota profile in mice fed high-fat diets
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Alessandra da Rocha Pinheiro Mulder, Nathália Moura-Nunes, Elisa B. Monteiro, Carolyne Pimentel Rosado, André Almo, Julio Beltrame Daleprane, Victor Hugo Cordeiro Rosa, Bruna Cadete Martins, and Aruanna Cajaty Soares
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Leptin ,Male ,food.ingredient ,Physiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Mice, Obese ,engineering.material ,Biology ,Gut flora ,Diet, High-Fat ,Weight Gain ,Systemic inflammation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Functional food ,Physiology (medical) ,Adipocyte ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,Food science ,Resistant starch ,Adiposity ,Inflammation ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Pulp (paper) ,Musa ,High fat diet ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,chemistry ,Food, Fortified ,engineering ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of green banana flour (GBF) consumption on obesity-related conditions in mice fed high-fat diets. GBF was prepared using stage 1 green banana pulp, which was dehydrated and milled. Mice were fed a control diet (n = 20; 10% of energy from lipids) or a high-fat diet (n = 20; 50% of energy from lipids). After 10 weeks, mice were divided into 4 groups based on feed: standard chow (SC; n = 10), standard with 15% GBF (SB; n = 10), high-fat diet (HF; n = 10) and high-fat diet with 15% GBF (HFB; n = 10) for 4 weeks. HFB exhibited lower gains in body weight (–21%; p < 0.01) and in all fat pads (p < 0.01) compared with the HF group. SC, SB, and HFB showed smaller retroperitoneal white adipose tissue diameters (p < 0.001). SB and HFB-treated mice showed lower levels of leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with the SC and HF groups (p < 0.01). In the GBF-fed groups, there was a reduction in the abundance of Firmicutes (SB: –22%; HFB: –23%) and an increase in Bacteroidetes (SB: +25%; HFB: +29%) compared with their counterparts. We demonstrated that GBF consumption attenuated inflammation and improved metabolic status, adipose tissue remodeling, and the gut microbiota profile of obese mice. Novelty: Green banana flour (GBF) consumption, rich in resistant starch, regulates body weight in mice fed high-fat diets. GBF consumption improves fat pad distribution in mice fed high-fat diets. GBF improves obesity-associated systemic inflammation and regulates gut microbiota profile in mice fed high-fat diets.
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- 2021
37. Gut bacterial markers involved in association of dietary inflammatory index with visceral adiposity.
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Freitas RGBON, Vasques ACJ, da Rocha Fernandes G, Ribeiro FB, Solar I, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, de Almeida-Pititto B, Geloneze B, and Ferreira SRG
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- Humans, Female, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S metabolism, Diet, Inflammation metabolism, Obesity, Abdominal complications, Bacteria metabolism, Adiposity, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
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Objective: To deepen the understanding of the influence of diet on weight gain and metabolic disturbances, we examined associations between diet-related inflammation and body composition and fecal bacteria abundances in participants of the Nutritionists' Health Study., Methods: Early-life, dietary and clinical data were obtained from 114 women aged ≤45 years. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII). Participants' data were compared by E-DII quartiles using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis. Associations of DXA-determined body composition with the E-DII were tested by multiple linear regression using DAG-oriented adjustments. Fecal microbiota was analyzed targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to test linear associations; differential abundance of genera across the E-DII quartiles was assessed by pair-wise comparisons., Results: E-DII score was associated with total fat (b=1.80, p<0.001), FMI (b=0.08, p<0.001) and visceral fat (b=1.19, p=0.02), independently of maternal BMI, birth type and breastfeeding. E-DII score was directly correlated to HOMA-IR (r=0.30; p=0.004), C-reactive protein (r=0.29; p=0.003) and to the abundance of Actinomyces, and inversely correlated to the abundance of Eubacterium.xylanophilum.group. Actinomyces were significantly more abundant in the highest (most proinflammatory) E-DII quartile., Conclusions: Association of E-DII with markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, body adiposity and certain gut bacteria are consistent with beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory diet on body composition and metabolic profile. Bacterial markers, such as Actinomyces, could be involved in the association between the dietary inflammation with visceral adiposity. Studies designed to explore how a pro-inflammatory diet affects both central fat deposition and gut microbiota are needed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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38. Interactions between PTH and adiposity: appetizing possibilities.
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Tay Donovan YK and Bilezikian JP
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- Humans, Animals, Adipocytes metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Lipolysis, Parathyroid Hormone metabolism, Adiposity
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Although parathyroid hormone (PTH) is best known for its role as a regulator of skeletal remodelling and calcium homeostasis, more recent evidence supports a role for it in energy metabolism and other non-classical targets. In this report, we summarize evidence for an effect of PTH on adipocytes. This review is based upon all peer-reviewed papers, published in the English language with PubMed as the primary search engine. Recent preclinical studies have documented an effect of PTH to stimulate lipolysis in both adipocytes and liver cells and to cause browning of adipocytes. PTH also reduces bone marrow adiposity and hepatic steatosis. Although clinical studies are limited, disease models of PTH excess and PTH deficiency lend support to these preclinical findings. This review supports the concept of PTH as a polyfunctional hormone that influences energy metabolism as well as bone metabolism., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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39. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) activation attenuates obese asthma by suppressing adiposity and resolving metaflammation.
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Son SE, Koh JM, and Im DS
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- Animals, Male, Mice, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation pathology, Inflammation metabolism, Lung pathology, Lung drug effects, Lung metabolism, Cytokines metabolism, Asthma drug therapy, Asthma metabolism, Adiposity drug effects, Obesity drug therapy, Obesity complications, Obesity metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled agonists, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Diet, High-Fat, Mice, Knockout
- Abstract
Obese asthma is recognized to have different asthma phenotypes. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown beneficial effects in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) is a receptor for n-3 PUFAs. In the present study, we investigated whether FFA4 activation ameliorates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese asthma. We investigated whether FFA4 activation ameliorates obese asthma using an FFA4 agonist, compound A (CpdA), in combination with FFA4 wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) mice. Administration of an FFA4 agonist, compound A (CpdA, 30 mg/kg), suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, adiposity, and airway hypersensitivity (AHR), and increased immune cell infiltration in an FFA4-dependent manner. Histological analysis revealed that CpdA treatment suppressed HFD-induced mucus hypersecretion, inflammation, and fibrosis in an FFA4-dependent manner. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed an HFD-induced increase in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and gonadal white adipose tissue, whereas CpdA inhibited this increase in an FFA4-dependent manner. In the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, HFD induced an increase in the lung innate lymphoid cells (ILC) ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3; however, CpdA reversed this increase. In addition, HFD induced an increase in the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage population and a decrease in the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage population in the lungs, whereas CpdA treatment reversed these changes. The present study suggests that FFA4 activation may have therapeutic potential in obese asthma., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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40. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin depressed adiposity and ameliorated hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet induced obese mice
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Tuo Han, Yali Zhang, Yiming Ding, Yajie Fan, Jie Gao, Liang Bai, Mahreen Fatima, and Congxia Wang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Physiology ,Mice, Obese ,Type 2 diabetes ,Disease ,Diet, High-Fat ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Glucosides ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,QP1-981 ,Animals ,Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor ,Obesity ,Dapagliflozin ,Benzhydryl Compounds ,Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ,browning ,adiposity ,QH573-671 ,business.industry ,hepatic steatosis ,Fatty liver ,High fat diet ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,RC648-665 ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,high-fat diet ,chemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Steatosis ,Insulin Resistance ,business ,Cytology ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
With the increasing obesity prevalence, the rates of obesity-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases, have increased dramatically. Dapagliflozin, one of the sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitors, not only exerts hypoglycaemic effects through increasing urinary glucose excretion but alsoreprograms the metabolic system, leading to benefits in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, pre-established obese mice on a high-fat diet were given dapagliflozin by gavage for fourweeks. It showed that dapagliflozin can enhance fat utilization and browning of adipose tissue and improve local oxidative stress, thus inhibiting fat accumulation and hepatic steatosis without disturbance in body weight or plasma glycolipid level. Overall, our study highlights the potential clinical application of SGLT2 inhibition in the prevention of obesity and related metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, NAFLD, and diabetes.
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- 2021
41. The experience of life events and body composition in middle childhood: a population-based study
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Sara Hannani, Henning Tiemeier, Ivonne P M Derks, Pauline W. Jansen, Florianne O L Vehmeijer, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus MC other, and Pediatrics
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Adult ,Pediatric Obesity ,RC620-627 ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Clinical nutrition ,Adversity ,Middle childhood ,Body composition ,Childhood obesity ,Body Mass Index ,BMI ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Short Paper ,Humans ,Adverse childhood experiences ,Child ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,Socioeconomic status ,Retrospective Studies ,Adiposity ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Life events ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Population based study ,Structured interview ,Female ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business ,Demography - Abstract
While studies suggest potential influences of childhood adversities on obesity development in adulthood, less is known about the short-term association in children. We examined the association between a wide range of life events experienced in the first ten years of life (including maltreatment and milder adversities) and body composition in 5333 ten-year old Dutch children. In structured interviews, mothers retrospectively reported on their children’s experience of 24 events. BMI was calculated, and fat mass index and fat free mass index were determined by dual-x-ray absorptiometry scanning. Linear regressions showed that, unadjusted, a higher number of life events was associated with higher BMI and body composition. However, associations attenuated to non-significance after adjustment for covariates. Similar findings were observed for maltreatment and milder life events. Thus, the number of experienced life events was not associated with body composition in middle childhood. Rather, other factors, like socioeconomic conditions, accounted for the relationship between life events and weight development in children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01188-7.
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- 2021
42. Impact of adiposity on muscle function and clinical events among elders with dynapenia, presarcopenia and sarcopenia: a community-based cross-sectional study
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Chi-Ling Chen, Tao-Chun Peng, Wei-Liang Chen, Wei-Shiung Yang, Tung-Wei Kao, and Der-Sheng Han
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Male ,obesity ,Sarcopenia ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,fall ,fat to muscle ratio ,Body fat percentage ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Adiposity ,Aged ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Muscle Weakness ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,dynapenia ,Cell Biology ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Confidence interval ,Preferred walking speed ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Accidental Falls ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
Introduction: Low muscle function determined unfavorable clinical outcome than low muscle mass; nevertheless, comparison of detrimental parameters among dynapenia, presarcopenia and sarcopenia was sparse. We hypothesized that adiposity is implicated in low muscle function related adverse events. Methods: We recruited community elders to measure handgrip strength and walking speed. Using bioelectronics impedance analyzer to examine body compositions. The faller is indicated of having a fall event in the past one year. Associations of different obesity parameters, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and fall among the groups were analyzed. Results: Among 765 participants, the dynapenia group had higher metabolic profiles, body fat percentage (BFP), waist circumference, and fat to muscle ratio (FMR) than the other groups, whereas the presarcopenia subjects had the lowest obesity parameters. The fallers tended to have poorer muscle function than non-fallers (p
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- 2021
43. Adiposity associated DNA methylation signatures in adolescents are related to leptin and perinatal factors
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Jeffrey M. Craig, Karen A. Lillycrop, Wendy H. Oddy, Rae-Chi Huang, Sebastian Rauschert, Graham C. Burdge, Phillip E. Melton, Rebecca Clarke-Harris, M A Burton, Keith M. Godfrey, J.L. MacIsaac, Craig E. Pennell, Denise Anderson, Alexander M. Morin, Lawrence J. Beilin, E Cook, J. D. Holbrook, Trevor A. Mori, and Michael S. Kobor
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Leptin ,0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Inflammation ,Biology ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Epigenetics ,Molecular Biology ,Adiposity ,Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters ,2. Zero hunger ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,DNA ,DNA Methylation ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,CpG site ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,DNA methylation ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Body mass index ,Research Paper - Abstract
Epigenetics links perinatal influences with later obesity. We identifed differentially methylated CpG (dmCpG) loci measured at 17 years associated with concurrent adiposity measures and examined whether these were associated with hsCRP, adipokines, and early life environmental factors. Genome-wide DNA methylation from 1192 Raine Study participants at 17 years, identified 29 dmCpGs (Bonferroni corrected p < 1.06E-07) associated with body mass index (BMI), 10 with waist circumference (WC) and 9 with subcutaneous fat thickness. DmCpGs within Ras Association (RalGDS/AF-6), Pleckstrin Homology Domains 1 (RAPH1), Musashi RNA-Binding Protein 2 (MSI2), and solute carrier family 25 member 10 (SLC25A10) are associated with both BMI and WC. Validation by pyrosequencing confirmed these associations and showed that MSI2 , SLC25A10 , and RAPH1 methylation was positively associated with serum leptin. These were also associated with the early environment; MSI2 methylation (β = 0.81, p = 0.0004) was associated with pregnancy maternal smoking, SLC25A10 (CpG2 β = 0.12, p = 0.002) with pre- and early pregnancy BMI, and RAPH1 (β = −1.49, p = 0.036) with gestational weight gain. Adjusting for perinatal factors, methylation of the dmCpGs within MSI2, RAPH1, and SLC25A10 independently predicted BMI, accounting for 24% of variance. MSI2 methylation was additionally associated with BMI over time (17 years old β = 0.026, p = 0.0025; 20 years old β = 0.027, p = 0.0029) and between generations (mother β = 0.044, p = 7.5e-04). Overall findings suggest that DNA methylation in MSI2, RAPH1, and SLC25A10 in blood may be robust markers, mediating through early life factors.
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- 2021
44. Reevaluation of the effect of dietary restriction on different recombinant inbred lines of male and female mice
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Stephanie Matyi, Xiwei Chen, Michelle Ranjo-Bishop, Keisuke Ejima, Stephanie L. Dickinson, David B. Allison, Karla Garrett, Archana Unnikrishnan, and Arlan Richardson
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Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Original Paper ,adiposity ,recombinant inbred lines ,glucose tolerance ,dietary restriction ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,Original Papers ,law.invention ,Endocrinology ,Inbred strain ,law ,Internal medicine ,Research community ,Genotype ,medicine ,Recombinant DNA ,Cell aging ,lifespan - Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) was reported to either have no effect or reduce the lifespan of the majority of the 41‐recombinant inbred (RI) lines studied by Liao et al. (Aging Cell, 2010, 9, 92). In an appropriately power longevity study (n > 30 mice/group), we measured the lifespan of the four RI lines (115‐RI, 97‐RI, 98‐RI, and 107‐RI) that were reported to have the greatest decrease in lifespan when fed 40% DR. DR increased the median lifespan of female RI‐115, 97‐RI, and 107‐RI mice and male 115‐RI mice. DR had little effect (, In this study, we reevaluated the effect of the genotype and sex of recombinant inbred strains of mice on their response to dietary restriction. Out of the eight groups studied, half showed an increase in lifespan when the diet was restricted by 40% and the other half either did not respond or showed a decrease in lifespan. The recombinant inbred lines used in this study are a potentially important resource for aging research to identify pathways and understand the mechanism involved in the anti‐aging action of DR.
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- 2021
45. Guidelines for Biobanking of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Related Cell Types: Report of the Biobanking Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society
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Stephanie Lucas, Michaela Tencerova, Benoit von der Weid, Thomas Levin Andersen, Camille Attané, Friederike Behler-Janbeck, William P. Cawthorn, Kaisa K. Ivaska, Olaia Naveiras, Izabela Podgorski, Michaela R. Reagan, Bram C. J. van der Eerden, Marrow Adiposity & Bone Lab - Adiposité Médullaire et Os - ULR 4490 (MABLab (ex-pmoi)), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institute of Physiology [Prague], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), School of Life Sciences [Lausanne], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Odense University Hospital (OUH), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Queen's Medical Researche Institute, University of Edinburgh, University of Turku, Lausanne University Hospital, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), and Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC)
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Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Adipose tissue ,Review ,Tissue Banks ,international research networks ,cell isolation protocols ,bone marrow adiposity ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Endocrinology ,biobanking ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Bone Marrow ,Patient information ,[SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,Medicine ,Humans ,clinical studies ,Adiposity ,Biological Specimen Banks ,business.industry ,bone marrow adipocytes ,International community ,RC648-665 ,Biobank ,patient information ,Biological materials ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Adipose Tissue ,Position paper ,Engineering ethics ,Bone marrow ,business ,Consent Forms ,bone marrow stromal cells - Abstract
International audience; Over the last two decades, increased interest of scientists to study bone marrow adiposity (BMA) in relation to bone and adipose tissue physiology has expanded the number of publications using different sources of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). However, each source of BMAT has its limitations in the number of downstream analyses for which it can be used. Based on this increased scientific demand, the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) established a Biobanking Working Group to identify the challenges of biobanking for human BMA-related samples and to develop guidelines to advance establishment of biobanks for BMA research. BMA is a young, growing field with increased interest among many diverse scientific communities. These bring new perspectives and important biological questions on how to improve and build an international community with biobank databases that can be used and shared all over the world. However, to create internationally accessible biobanks, several practical and legislative issues must be addressed to create a general ethical protocol used in all institutes, to allow for exchange of biological material internationally. In this position paper, the BMAS Biobanking Working Group describes similarities and differences of patient information (PIF) and consent forms from different institutes and addresses a possibility to create uniform documents for BMA biobanking purposes. Further, based on discussion among Working Group members, we report an overview of the current isolation protocols for human bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, formerly mesenchymal), highlighting the specific points crucial for effective isolation. Although we remain far from a unified BMAd isolation protocol and PIF, we have summarized all of these important aspects, which are needed to build a BMA biobank. In conclusion, we believe that harmonizing isolation protocols and PIF globally will help to build international collaborations and improve the quality and interpretation of BMA research outcomes.
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- 2021
46. Sex Difference in the Associations among Obesity-Related Indices with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Hsiu-Fen Jao, Jer-Ming Chang, Hui-Chen Yu, Chih-Hsuan Wung, Po-Chih Chen, Szu-Chia Chen, and Mei-Yueh Lee
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,sex difference ,Taiwan ,Body adiposity index ,Body Mass Index ,Sex Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Health Status Indicators ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Triglycerides ,Adiposity ,Aged ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Waist-Height Ratio ,Anthropometry ,Receiver operating characteristic ,Waist-Hip Ratio ,business.industry ,obesity-related indices ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,diabetes mellitus ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Body mass index ,Research Paper ,Lipid Accumulation Product - Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among obesity-related indices and MetS in diabetic patients, and explore sex differences in these associations. Methods: Patients with type 2 DM were included from two hospitals in southern Taiwan. The Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for an Asian population were used to define MetS. In addition, the following obesity-related indices were evaluated: waist-to-height ratio, waist-hip ratio (WHR), conicity index (CI), body mass index (BMI), body roundness index, body adiposity index, lipid accumulation product (LAP), abdominal volume index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), abdominal volume index and triglyceride-glucose index. Results: A total of 1,872 patients with type 2 DM (mean age 64.0 ± 11.3 years, 808 males and 1,064 females) were enrolled. The prevalence rates of MetS were 59.8% and 76.4% in the males and female (p < 0.001), respectively. All of the obesity-related indices were associated with MetS in both sex (all p < 0.001). LAP and BMI had the greatest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves in both sex. In addition, the interactions between BMI and sex (p = 0.036), WHR and sex (p = 0.016), and CI and sex (p = 0.026) on MetS were statistically significant. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study demonstrated significant relationships between obesity-related indices and MetS among patients with type 2 DM. LAP and VAI were powerful predictors in both sex. The associations of BMI, WHR and CI on MetS were more significant in the men than in the women.
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- 2021
47. Dysfunctional adiposity index as a marker of adipose tissue morpho-functional abnormalities and metabolic disorders in apparently healthy subjects
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Esteban Jorge-Galarza, Margarita Torres-Tamayo, Carlos Posadas-Romero, Victor H. Sainz-Escárrega, Gabriela Leal-Escobar, Juan Gabriel Juárez-Rojas, Horacio Osorio-Alonso, Ivan Torre-Villalvazo, Juan Reyes-Barrera, and Aida X. Medina-Urritia
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Waist ,Physiology ,Adipose tissue ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Body Mass Index ,cardiometabolic abnormalities ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Metabolic Diseases ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Adipocyte ,QP1-981 ,Humans ,Medicine ,Adiposity ,Aged ,QH573-671 ,Adiponectin ,business.industry ,Leptin ,Fatty liver ,Dysfunctional adiposity index ,Cell Biology ,Middle Aged ,RC648-665 ,medicine.disease ,Healthy Volunteers ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Cytology ,business ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
Compared to body mass index, waist circumference (WC), and adiposity measurements, adipose tissue (AT) morpho-functionality evaluations are better predictors of cardiometabolic abnormalities (CA). The present study establishes a dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI) as an early marker of CA based on adipocytes morpho-functional abnormalities. DAI was established in 340 subjects without cardiovascular risk factors selected from a cross-sectional study (n=1600). Then, DAI was calculated in 36 healthy subjects who underwent subcutaneous AT biopsy. The correlation of DAI with adipocyte morphology (size/number) and functionality (adiponectin/leptin ratio) was analyzed. The DAI cut-off point was identified and its independent association with CA was determined in 1418 subjects from the cross-sectional study. The constant parameters to calculate the DAI were [WC/[22.79+[2.68*BMI]]]*[triglycerides (TG, mmol/L)/1.37]*[1.19/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C, mmol/L)] for males, and [WC/[24.02+[2.37*BMI]]]*[TG(mmol/L)/1.32]*[1.43/HDL-C(mmol/L)] for females. DAI correlated with adipocytes mean area, adipocyte number and adiponectin/leptin ratio. DAI ≥1.065 was independently associated with diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, subclinical atherosclerosis, and hypertension. The present study highlights that DAI is associated with early CA independently of adiposity and other risk factors. Since DAI is obtained using accessible parameters, it can be easily incorporated into clinical practice for early identification of AT abnormalities in apparently healthy subjects.
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- 2021
48. Fatty changes associated with N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma: A role of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway
- Author
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Kanishka Uthansingh, Jimmy Narayan, Amrendra Kumar Ajay, Ratna Kumari, Sudhir Thakurela, Anindita Tripathy, Ayaskanta Singh, Vinay Singh, and Manoj Kumar Sahu
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,CCL4 ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fibrosis ,Genetics ,medicine ,E2F1 ,Sonic hedgehog ,adiposity ,adiponectin ,Adiponectin ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,lipogenic molecules ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,SHH-E2F1 pathway ,Lipogenesis ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Metabolic syndrome ,Research Paper - Abstract
Backgrounds and aims Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the world. Non-viral etiological factors including obesity and metabolic syndrome have now become prevalent cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is activated in hepatocellular carcinoma but its role in regulation of lipogenic molecules during the hepatocarcinogenesis is not known. The aim of present study is to explore the role of SHH pathway in fatty changes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis at different stages and to further correlate the expression of SHH with lipogenic pathways. Results Our results demonstrated significant increase in lipidosis and fibrosis in DEN+CCl4 treated animals. It was simultaneously associated with the enhanced expression level of SHH, E2F1, adiponectin, and lipogenic molecules in DEN+CCl4 treated animals. These results were also corroborated with the similar findings in higher stage patients' biospecimens. Methods N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and Carbon TetraChloride (CCl4) induced hepatocellular acrcinoma model in male Wistar rats were established to study the expression level of SHH pathway and associated fatty changes during different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. The expression levels of SHH, E2F1, and lipogenic molecules were checked at different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. These results were further compared with biospecimens of hepatocellular carcinoma patients of different stages. Conclusions Our results revealed an unknown aspect of SHH pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis via its control over lipogenesis. It gives insight into the lipogenic properties of DEN+CCl4 induced rodent hepatocarcinogenesis model and how SHH pathway operate to arbitrate this response.
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- 2020
49. Fetal growth does not modify the relationship of infant weight gain with childhood adiposity and blood pressure in the Southampton women’s survey
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William Johnson, Keith M. Godfrey, Noel Cameron, Sarah Crozier, Hazel Inskip, and Tom Norris
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Trunk fat ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatric Obesity ,Physiology ,Epidemiology ,Weight Gain ,Childhood obesity ,Cohort Studies ,Fetal Development ,Growth restriction ,Genetics ,Fetal growth ,Medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,childhood ,Estimated fetal weight ,adiposity ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,infant weight gain ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant, Newborn ,blood pressure ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Research Papers ,Blood pressure ,England ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Weight gain - Abstract
Background: Rapid infant weight gain is a risk factor for childhood obesity. This relationship may depend on whether infant weight gain is preceded by in-utero growth restriction. Aim: Examine whether fetal growth modifies the relationship between infant weight gain and childhood adiposity and blood pressure. Subjects and methods: 786 children in the Southampton Women’s Survey. We related infant weight gain (weight at 2 years-birth weight) to body mass index (BMI), %body fat, trunk fat (kg), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at age 6–7 years. Mean estimated fetal weight (EFW) between 19–34 weeks and change in EFW (19–34 weeks) were added to models as effect modifiers. Results: Infant weight gain was positively associated with all childhood outcomes. We found no evidence that these effects were modified by fetal growth (p > .1 for all interaction terms). For example, a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in infant weight gain was associated with an increase in BMI z-score of 0.51 (95% CI 0.37;0.64) when EFW-change was set at -2 SD-scores compared with an increase of 0.41 (95% CI 0.27;0.54, p(interaction)=.48) when set at 2 SD-scores. Conclusion: The documented adverse consequences of rapid infant weight gain may occur regardless of whether growth was constrained in-utero.
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- 2020
50. Evaluation of anthropometric measures for assessment of cardiometabolic risk in early childhood
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Ravi Retnakaran, Catherine S Birken, Jill Hamilton, Anthony J. Hanley, and Nicole Coles
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Leptin ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Skin fold ,Risk Factors ,030225 pediatrics ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Early childhood ,Prospective cohort study ,Adiposity ,Ontario ,Waist-to-height ratio ,Waist-Height Ratio ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Gestational diabetes ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Insulin Resistance ,Waist Circumference ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
Objective:Waist-to-height ratio has been shown to be an important indicator of cardiometabolic risk. There are few studies evaluating this measure against existing measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic markers in early childhood. The objectives were: (i) to determine in young children the ability of waist-to-height ratio, BMI z-score, weight for length, and sum of skin fold thickness to predict cardiometabolic risk and (ii) to examine this association at ages 1, 3 and 5 years.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:A university hospital in Toronto, Ontario.Participants:Infants at 1 (n 406), 3 (n 112) and 5 years of age (n 94) born to mothers with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.Results:Weight for length and BMI z-score demonstrated the strongest correlations with biochemical measures compared to waist-to-height ratio, including leptin (at 5 years, weight for length z-score: ρ = 0·65, P < 0·001; BMI z-score: ρ = 0·67, P < 0·001) and measures of insulin resistance (at 3 years, weight for length z-score: ρ = 0·25, P = 0·02; BMI z-score: ρ = 0·24, P = 0·02). The magnitude of associations between anthropometric measures and biochemical measures strengthened over time. Weight for length and BMI z-scores were moderately correlated with overall measures of fat mass as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (ρ = 0·65, P = 0·00; ρ = 0·61, P = 0·01).Conclusions:Waist-to-height ratio was not superior to existing measures in predicting cardiometabolic risk in young children. BMI z-score is a preferred measure of adiposity between birth and 5 years of age.
- Published
- 2020
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