1,445 results
Search Results
2. Acid mine drainage neutralization in a pilot sequencing batch reactor using limestone from a paper and pulp industry
- Author
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H. Fischer, M. Mathye, L. Bologo, J. N. Zvimba, and V. R. K. Vadapalli
- Subjects
Hydraulic retention time ,Iron ,Pilot Projects ,Sequencing batch reactor ,engineering.material ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,Mining ,Neutralization ,Calcium Carbonate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Settling ,Water Pollution, Chemical ,Environmental Chemistry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water Science and Technology ,Suspended solids ,Waste management ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Book Industry ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Acid mine drainage ,Calcium carbonate ,engineering ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
This study investigated the implications of using two grades of limestone from a paper and pulp industry for neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) in a pilot sequencing batch reactor (SBR). In this regard, two grades of calcium carbonate were used to neutralize AMD in a SBR with a hydraulic retention time (including settling) of 100 min and a sludge retention time of 360 min, by simultaneously monitoring the Fe(II) removal kinetics and overall assessment of the AMD after treatment. The Fe(II) kinetics removal and overall AMD treatment were observed to be highly dependent on the limestone grade used, with Fe(II) completely removed to levels lower than 50 mg/L in cycle 1 after 30 min using high quality or pure paper and pulp limestone. On the contrary, the other grade limestone, namely waste limestone, could only achieve a similar Fe(II) removal efficiency after four cycles. It was also noticed that suspended solids concentration plays a significant role in Fe(II) removal kinetics. In this regard, using pure limestone from the paper and pulp industry will have advantages compared with waste limestone for AMD neutralization. It has significant process impacts for the SBR configuration as it allows one cycle treatment resulting in a significant reduction of the feed stock, with subsequent generation of less sludge during AMD neutralization. However, the use of waste calcium carbonate from the paper and pulp industry as a feed stock during AMD neutralization can achieve significant cost savings as it is cheaper than the pure limestone and can achieve the same removal efficiency after four cycles.
- Published
- 2015
3. Discharged water from mines shows alteration in its physical properties and may be acidic depending upon the concentration of heavy metals and sulphate ions, which pose hazardous effects on groundwater and ecosystem. This paper deals with the characterisa
- Author
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Muhammad Zubair, Syed Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Shahzad, Abu Bakar, Syed Mahmood Arshad, and Muhammad Waqas
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Population ,Coal mining ,Environmental engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Acid mine drainage ,General Materials Science ,Water quality ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Turbidity ,business ,Water pollution ,education ,Surface water ,Mathematical Physics ,Groundwater ,Geology - Abstract
Discharged water from mines shows alteration in its physical properties and may be acidicdepending upon the concentration of heavy metals and sulphate ions which pose hazardous effects ongroundwater and ecosystem. This paper deals with the characterisation of water being affected by coalmining in the Basharat area of Punjab. Total eleven samples were collected from different water sourcesincluding groundwater, mine outflows, mine inflows and surface water in the vicinity of Hassan KishorCoal Mine. All samples except that of groundwater showed higher turbidity, lower pH values and highertotal solid contents. Higher concentration of iron and copper in all samples indicate higher acid minedrainage (AMD). Relatively larger concentration of calcium in groundwater as compared to its presencein other samples demonstrates quashing effect of overlying limestone to the AMD. Keywords: water pollution, ground water, coal mine, acid mine drainage Introduction The rapid growth of population particularly in developingcountries such as Pakistan demands more naturalresources for the fulfillment of needs of human beings.These large quantities of natural resources are obtainedthrough increased mining activities and amplified rateof extraction. The growing mining activities are vigorouslyendangering the environment (Monjezi
- Published
- 2015
4. Potential use of paper factory waste for recovery of acid water in open pits of the Iberian Pyrite Belt
- Author
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Bonnail, Estefanía, Miguel Sarmiento, Aguasanta, Pérez López, Rafael|||0000-0002-5916-462X, and Nieto Liñán, José Miguel|||0000-0002-0086-252X
- Subjects
Faja Pirítica Ibérica ,Acid mine drainage ,Neutralization ,Iberian Pyrite Belt ,Remediación ,Remediation ,Neutralización ,Drenaje ácido de minas - Abstract
El problema del drenaje ácido de mina se hace especialmente tangible en el agua embalsada en las cortas mineras de la Faja Pirítica Ibérica. Los últimos estudios en investigación para la remediación se centran en el uso de materiales alcalinos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un trabajo realizado con residuos de bajo coste, procedentes de la industria papelera, para la recuperación de aguas ácidas. Se tomaron muestras de agua en cortas mineras, y se sometieron a ensayos para comprobar el poder de neutralización de diferentes residuos alcalinos (cenizas de combustión de biomasa, cenizas de caldera de recuperación y lodos calizos). Se obtuvieron resultados positivos para los tres reactivos, siendo los lodos calizos los que mostraron valores más significativos The problem of acid mine drainage is especially tangible in water stored in open pits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Recent research studies focus on remediation using alkaline materials. This work presents the results of an experiment carried out with low cost waste coming from the paper industry for the recovery of water and its subsequent use as irrigation. Few samples of acid mine drainage from open pits were collected and subjected to tests in order to verify the neutralizing power of the different alkaline residues (biomass combustion ash, recovery boiler ash and lime mud). Positive results were obtained for the three reagents, the lime mud showed the most significant values
- Published
- 2015
5. FORMER NEW KENSINGTON STUDENT'S 'FRACKING' RESEARCH COMPETING IN DUBAI MIKE CAVAZZA'S PAPER PROPOSES SOLUTIONS FOR ACID MINE DRAINAGE THAT HELPS INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT
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Engineers ,Hydraulic fracturing ,Acid mine drainage ,News, opinion and commentary ,Society of Petroleum Engineers - Abstract
UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa -- The following information was released by Pennsylvania State University - University Park: Michael Cavazza took on Penn State in March. Then he took on North America [...]
- Published
- 2016
6. Acid mine drainage neutralization in a pilot sequencing batch reactor using limestone from a paper and pulp industry.
- Author
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Vadapalli, V.R.K., Zvimba, J.N., Mathye, M., Fischer, H., and Bologo, L.
- Subjects
LIMESTONE ,ACID mine drainage ,SEQUENCING batch reactor process ,CALCIUM carbonate ,ACTIVATED sludge process - Abstract
This study investigated the implications of using two grades of limestone from a paper and pulp industry for neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) in a pilot sequencing batch reactor (SBR). In this regard, two grades of calcium carbonate were used to neutralize AMD in a SBR with a hydraulic retention time (including settling) of 100 min and a sludge retention time of 360 min, by simultaneously monitoring the Fe(II) removal kinetics and overall assessment of the AMD after treatment. The Fe(II) kinetics removal and overall AMD treatment were observed to be highly dependent on the limestone grade used, with Fe(II) completely removed to levels lower than 50 mg/L in cycle 1 after 30 min using high quality or pure paper and pulp limestone. On the contrary, the other grade limestone, namely waste limestone, could only achieve a similar Fe(II) removal efficiency after four cycles. It was also noticed that suspended solids concentration plays a significant role in Fe(II) removal kinetics. In this regard, using pure limestone from the paper and pulp industry will have advantages compared with waste limestone for AMD neutralization. It has significant process impacts for the SBR configuration as it allows one cycle treatment resulting in a significant reduction of the feed stock, with subsequent generation of less sludge during AMD neutralization. However, the use of waste calcium carbonate from the paper and pulp industry as a feed stock during AMD neutralization can achieve significant cost savings as it is cheaper than the pure limestone and can achieve the same removal efficiency after four cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Selected papers from 26th regional symposium on chemical engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October 2019.
- Author
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Hussain, Mohd Azlan, Tan, Chee Keong, and Zainal Abidin, Mohd Izzudin Izzat
- Subjects
- *
CHEMICAL engineering , *FLUIDIZED bed reactors , *POLYIMIDES , *ACID mine drainage , *CHEMICAL processes , *INDUSTRIAL chemistry - Abstract
The practice of engineering as a whole is undergoing major changes especially in dealing with the needs and requirements of advancing IR 4.0 concepts in its discipline. On this note, the 26th Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering (RSCE 2019) was organized by the Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya from October 30 to 31, 2019 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This symposium with the theme "Role of Chemical Engineering in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0" had been a great avenue towards dealing with the changes facing the Chemical Engineering society at this present moment. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. An Evaluation of Using Various Admixtures of Green Liquor Dregs, a Residual Product, as a Sealing Layer on Reactive Mine Tailings.
- Author
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Mäkitalo, Maria, Stenman, David, Ikumapayi, Fatai, Maurice, Christian, and Öhlander, Björn
- Subjects
- *
PAPER mills , *WOOD pulp industry , *PROPERTIES of matter , *MINE waste , *INDUSTRIAL wastes - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Special Issue on "Heavy Metal Toxicity: Environmental and Human Health Risk Assessment".
- Author
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Sinicropi, Maria Stefania
- Subjects
HEALTH risk assessment ,HEAVY metal toxicology ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,HEAVY metals ,FLY ash ,COPPER ,ACID mine drainage - Abstract
This document is a summary of a special issue on "Heavy Metal Toxicity: Environmental and Human Health Risk Assessment." The issue includes fourteen papers that cover various aspects of heavy metal toxicity, such as metal pollution, bioindicators, environmental indicators, phytoremediation, epigenetics, and detoxification therapies. The papers discuss topics such as the monitoring of particulate matter using olive pollen as a bioindicator, the impact of heavy metals on fish and medicinal plants, the presence of toxic elements in sediment and water, lead contamination in soils and sediments, the effectiveness of substances in reducing heavy metal content in soil, the potential sources and concentration of heavy metals in sediments and flamingo tissues, the cellular effects of silver nanoparticle suspensions, the morphological and molecular alterations induced by lead in fish embryos and larvae, heavy metal concentrations in wild brown trout, microbial-based heavy metal bioremediation techniques, and the uses, toxicity, and detoxification therapies of arsenic and thallium. The special issue concludes by mentioning the possibility of further exploration and research in this field. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Microbial community structure in an uranium-rich acid mine drainage site: implication for the biogeochemical release of uranium.
- Author
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Xinxiang Wei, Hongliang Chen, Fangfang Zhu, and Jiang Li
- Subjects
ACID mine drainage ,WATER sampling ,MICROBIAL communities ,URANIUM ,SULFIDE minerals ,ACIDOPHILIC bacteria - Abstract
The generation of acid mine drainage (AMD) characterized by high acidity and elevated levels of toxic metals primarily results from the oxidation and dissolution of sulfide minerals facilitated by microbial catalysis. Although there has been significant research on microbial diversity and community composition in AMD, as well as the relationship between microbes and heavy metals, there remains a gap in understanding the microbial community structure in uranium-enriched AMD sites. In this paper, water samples with varying levels of uranium pollution were collected from an abandoned stone coal mine in Jiangxi Province, China during summer and winter, respectively. Geochemical and high-throughput sequencing analyses were conducted to characterize spatiotemporal variations in bacterial diversity and community composition along pollution groups. The results indicated that uranium was predominantly concentrated in the AMD of new pits with strong acid production capacity, reaching a peak concentration of 9,370 µg/L. This was accompanied by elevated acidity and concentrations of iron and total phosphorus, which were identified as significant drivers shaping the composition of bacterial communities, rather than fluctuations in seasonal conditions. In an extremely polluted environment (pH < 3), bacterial diversity was lowest, with a predominant presence of acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria (such as Ferrovum), and a portion of acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria synergistically coexisting. As pollution levels decreased, the microbial community gradually evolved to cohabitation of various pH-neutral heterotrophic species, ultimately reverting back to background level. The pH was the dominant factor determining biogeochemical release of uranium in AMD. Acidophilic and uranium-tolerant bacteria, including Ferrovum, Leptospirillum, Acidiphilium, and Metallibacterium, were identified as playing key roles in this process through mechanisms such as enhancing acid production rate and facilitating organic matter biodegradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Hydrothermal Carbonization of Searsia lancea Trees Grown on Mine Drainage: Processing Variables and Product Composition
- Author
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Ramadimetja Lizah Setsepu, Jibril Abdulsalam, I.M. Weiersbye, and S.O. Bada
- Subjects
biology ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Pellets ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,General Chemistry ,Searsia lancea ,Acid mine drainage ,Torrefaction ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,Hydrothermal carbonization ,Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Heat of combustion ,Coal ,business ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A 12-year-old planted woodlands Searsia lancea tree, grown on acid mine drainage for phytoremediation of polluted groundwater on gold and uranium mines in South Africa, was used in this research. The research describes the fuel-related characteristics and the influence of different operating conditions on the hydrothermal carbonization of the biomass and the combustion profiles of discard coal/biomass hydrochar pellets. The raw biomass was treated at temperatures ranging from 200-280 °C and residence time of 30-90 min. The hydrochar produced at 280 °C and residence time of 90 min had the highest calorific value of 29.71 MJ/kg compared to 17.23 and 16.73 MJ/kg obtained from the raw biomass and discard coal, respectively. Regression equations developed using the central composite design (CCD) indicated that the values obtained experimentally agree with the predicted values from the models for mass yield, calorific value, and ash content. The reactivity tests showed that the 100% hydrochar pellet had the highest reactivity and lowest ignition and burnout temperature compared to biocoal pellets and discard coal. The process water contained relatively low concentrations of major elements, and the study had shown that different high-grade biocoal pellets can be produced from the S. lancea tree.
- Published
- 2021
12. Metal accumulations in aquatic organisms and health risks in an acid mine-affected site in South China
- Author
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Yuqing Miao, Joyanto Routh, Chen Luo, Dinggui Luo, Wing Sze Chan, Lezhang Wei, and Mårten Dario
- Subjects
Gill ,Aquatic Organisms ,China ,Geologic Sediments ,Carps ,Environmental Engineering ,Biomagnification ,Acid mine ,Aquatic organisms ,Sediments ,Metals ,Toxicity ,Bioaccumulation ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Metals, Heavy ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Arsenic ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Original Paper ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,General Medicine ,Miljövetenskap ,Acid mine drainage ,Hazard quotient ,chemistry ,Benthic zone ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Environmental Sciences ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Metal contamination from base metal sulphide mines is a major environmental challenge that poses many ecological and health risks. We examined the metal concentrations in the Dabaoshan mine in South China in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms and their specific characteristics (i.e. size, body tissue, species, and habitat) along the Hengshi and Wengjiang River courses to assess acid mine drainage remediation efforts. Metal concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, thallium, and zinc were examined in tissues (i.e. gills, intestines, and muscles) of 17 freshwater species of fish, shrimps, and crabs. Metals in tissues followed the trend: intestines > gills > muscles; nearly all intestine samples exceeded the safe limits of metals analysed in this study. There is a positive correlation between distance from the mine and metal concentrations related to the flow of surface water and the habitat of aquatic organisms. The concentrations of arsenic, copper, and zinc were the highest in aquatic organisms, and the distribution was influenced by physical (distance from mine, currents, and seasonality), chemical (pH and competing ions), and biological (species, habitat, and predator-prey relation) factors. Large demersal fish and benthic fauna had higher concentrations of metals. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of metals, as well as the high metal pollution index and target hazard quotient (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc), occurred in bottom feeders (C. aumtus, X. argentea) and fish belonging to higher trophic levels (P. fulvidraco, O. mossambicus). Lead and cadmium indicated the highest level of biomagnification from prey to predator. Health risks exist from the dietary intake of common aquatic species such as tilapia and carp besides crustaceans due to high arsenic, cadmium, lead, and thallium levels. Further reduction of metals is necessary to improve the effects of acid mine drainage in the catchment. Funding Agencies|Linkoping University-Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2018A030310309]; Joshua Wat proofread the thesis for WSC
- Published
- 2021
13. Iron Coated-Sand from Acid Mine Drainage Waste for Being a Catalytic Oxidant Towards Municipal Wastewater Remediation
- Author
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Maha A. Tony and Lian-Shin Lin
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Chemistry ,Environmental remediation ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,Heterogeneous catalysis ,Acid mine drainage ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Wastewater ,Reagent ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The accessibility of clean water and green environment are the major requirements for survival and sustainable development. In this study, iron-coated sand, derived from acid mine drainage effluent, has been applied as a heterogeneous catalyst. Treatment with H2O2, iron-coated sand, and iron-coated sand-Fenton processes is compared for the COD removals from municipal wastewater effluent. The results showed that the iron-coated sand catalyzed Fenton process could generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and oxidize the organic pollutants. Fenton process based on the iron-coated sand catalyst proved to be the most efficient process. The effect of operating conditions such as initial pH and Fenton’s reagent doses, i.e. initial H2O2 and iron on the organics oxidation from such wastewater was investigated. The results showed that 70% removal efficiency of COD was obtained within 30 min under optimized conditions (pH 3.0, H2O2 400 mg/L and iron 40 mg/L). The rate equation of iron-coated sand-Fenton system was simply expressed by the second-order equation and the model was found to fit well the data. Thermodynamic analysis of the results indicated that the iron-coated sand-Fenton oxidation is non-spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Regeneration of iron-coated sand was attempted and the catalyst had a good stability and reusability for successive treatments and reducing the quantity of sludge produced in Fenton reactions. Thus, expanding the sustainability scope of iron-coated sand based Fenton catalyst and offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives for the classical Fenton process.
- Published
- 2021
14. The Dynamic Experiment on Treating Acid Mine Drainage with Iron Scrap and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Using Biomass Materials as Carbon Source
- Author
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Guo Jianzhi, Tingting Wang, Wenbo An, Xianjun Wang, Yang Yu, Fankang Meng, Junzhen Di, Bing Liang, Dong Yanrong, and Li Zengxin
- Subjects
biology ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Carbon source ,Biomass ,Environmental science ,Scrap ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,Bacteria - Published
- 2021
15. Anaerobic co-digestion of landfill leachate and acid mine drainage using up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
- Author
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Jin Wang, Tianhu Chen, Zhengbo Yue, Shiqi Zhou, and Shuchuan Peng
- Subjects
Hydraulic retention time ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,010501 environmental sciences ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,01 natural sciences ,Methane ,Bacteria, Anaerobic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Environmental Chemistry ,Anaerobiosis ,Leachate ,Sulfate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sewage ,biology ,Chemical oxygen demand ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Methanogen ,Anaerobic digestion ,chemistry ,Digestion ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
A laboratory-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was developed and constructed for the treatment of landfill leachate and acid mine drainage (AMD). The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfate, and metal ions was studied. The maximum COD and sulfate removal efficiency reached 75% and 69%, respectively, during the start-up phase of the UASB. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a significant influence on the system. The maximum removal efficiency for COD and sulfate reached 83% and 78%, respectively, at an HRT of 20 h. The methane production process competed with the sulfate reduction process in the UASB. The fractionation of metals in the sludge was analyzed to facilitate metal recovery in a later processing stage. The most abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria was Desulfobulbus, and the methanogen archaeal community in the reactor was mainly composed of Methanobacterium.
- Published
- 2020
16. Optimal start-up conditions for the efficient treatment of acid mine drainage using sulfate-reducing bioreactors based on physicochemical and microbiome analyses
- Author
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Tomo Aoyagi, Tomohiro Inaba, Mikio Kobayashi, Kentaro Hayashi, Hiroshi Habe, Takaya Hamai, Tomoyuki Hori, Takeshi Sakata, and Yuya Sato
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Environmental Engineering ,Bran ,Continuous flow ,Sulfates ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Microbiota ,food and beverages ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Start up ,Pollution ,Acclimatization ,Mining ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,chemistry ,Bioreactor ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic matter ,Sulfate ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Acids - Abstract
Typically, sulfate-reducing bioreactors used to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) undergo an initial incubation period of a few weeks to acclimatize sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), although necessity of this preincubation has rarely been evaluated. To reduce time and economic cost, we developed an SRB acclimatization method using the continuous flow of AMD into bioreactors fed with rice bran, and compared with the conventional acclimatization method. We found that the SRB sufficiently acclimatized without the preincubation phase. Furthermore, we examined the performance and SRB communities in bioreactors operated for >200 days under seven different conditions, in which the amount of rice bran added and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were varied. A comparison of the various bioreactor conditions revealed that the lowest rice bran amount (50 g) and the shortest HRT (6 h) caused a deterioration in reactor performance after day 144 and 229, respectively. In both cases, relatively aerobic environments developed due to the lack of organic matter seemed to inhibit sulfate reduction. Of the conditions tested, operation of the bioreactors with 200 g of rice bran and an HRT of 12.5 h was the most effective in treating AMD, showing a sulfate reduction rate of 20.7–77.9% during days 54–242. Data and materials availability All data needed to evaluate the conclusions of this study are presented in the paper and/or the appendix.
- Published
- 2021
17. Optimizing the selective precipitation of iron to produce yellow pigment from acid mine drainage
- Author
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Marina Paula Secco, Ivo André Homrich Schneider, Rodrigo de Almeida Silva, Carlos Hoffmann Sampaio, Richard Thomas Lermen, Gelsa Edith Navarro Hidalgo, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Minera, Industrial i TIC, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GREMS - Grup de Recerca en Mineria Sostenible
- Subjects
Goethite ,Hematite ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Raw material ,01 natural sciences ,Mineral industries--Environmental aspects ,020501 mining & metallurgy ,Pigment ,Acid mine drainage ,Selective precipitation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Precipitation (chemistry) ,Chemistry ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Precipitació (Química) ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria de mines [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Enginyeria química::Impacte ambiental [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,0205 materials engineering ,Wastewater ,Precipitation (Chemistry) ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Reagent ,visual_art ,Indústria minera -- Aspectes ambientals ,Iron pigments ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,sense organs - Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) in the coal mining industry is recognized as one of the major sources of environmental damage. The active treatment of AMD involves adding alkaline reagents to wastewater so as to raise pH and to precipitate dissolved metals in the form of oxides/hydroxides. Studies have shown that yellow pigment (goethite) can be produced from the iron present in AMD. However, the presence of other metals can prevent the formation of pigment. Therefore, this paper seeks to evaluate several processes for purifying iron sludge so as to obtain raw material that can be recovered from AMD and thereby obtain a good quality of yellow pigment. The experiments were carried out by causing precipitation with strong and weak bases and removing other metals from the sludge by washing and filtering the sludge or by centrifugation. The results show that the color, type and morphology of the compounds changed, depending on the number of contaminants, and that these factors are strongly dependent on the type of reagent and less dependent on the separation process and the repetition of washes.
- Published
- 2019
18. Performance of acid mine drainage sludge as an innovative catalytic oxidation source for treating vehicle-washing wastewater
- Author
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Maha A. Tony and Lian-Shin Lin
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,genetic structures ,Polymers and Plastics ,Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,eye diseases ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,020401 chemical engineering ,Catalytic oxidation ,Wastewater ,Reagent ,sense organs ,0204 chemical engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This study introduces iron sludge recovered from acid mine drainage (AMD) waste, as advanced oxidation processes, that is, AMD/H2O2 (Fenton’s reagent) to treat vehicle-washing wastewater. Vehicle-w...
- Published
- 2020
19. Treatment of Coal Mine Acid Water Using Nf270 Membrane as Environmentally Friendly Technology
- Author
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H. Susanto, K. Kiswanto, and S. Sudarno
- Subjects
Suspended solids ,nf270 membrane ,Fouling ,business.industry ,Ultrafiltration ,Coal mining ,coal mine acid water ,Portable water purification ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,lcsh:Education (General) ,Education ,Membrane technology ,flux ,Environmental science ,rejection ,Reverse osmosis ,business ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:L7-991 ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
Ex-mining pond water is widely used for the daily needs of the people these days, such as bathing, washing, and even drinking. Over time, it turns out that coal mine acid water has polluted the environment. The use of membrane technology to produce water that meets drinking water quality standards by the Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010 can be a solution to this problem. The NF270 membrane is a membrane process between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, which has a lower flux and operating pressure below 0.2-1.53 Mpa compared to reverse osmosis. Membrane NF270 is used for the reclamation of wastewater, water purification and softening, seawater desalination, and others. Its high rejection of organic molecules with a molecular weight of 200-2000 Da ions and multivalent can remove suspended solids, natural organic matter, bacteria, viruses, salts, and divalent ions contained in water, including coal mine acid water. The purpose of treating acid mine drainage with the NF270 membrane is to remove COD, TSS, TDS, and Fe metals. The NF270 membrane was used in this study to treat the coal mine acid water of PT. Bukit Asam. The performance of the NF270 process was assessed from the effect of pressure (4, 5, and 6 bar) on the flux and rejection rate of each parameter in a single solution, mixed and aqueous coal mine acid solution. The optimum pressure of the NF270 membrane for all parameters was 6 bar. This optimum pressure was then used to compare the phenomenon of flux that occurred and the level of rejection produced in the original sample of coal mine acid water. In the original coal mine acid water, there was a significant decrease in flux due to fouling deposition on the membrane surface. This phenomenon of decreasing flux was caused by fouling and polarization concentration. The rejection rates produced for the parameters of COD, TSS, TDS, and Fe with NF270 membranes were 56.4-93.1%; 78.5-100%; 43-69.3%; 67-100% respectively. Treated coal mine acid water using NF270 membrane technology can be used as drinking water that meets the standards of the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation. Thus, NF270 membrane technology can be used to process coal mine acid water into environmentally friendly drinking water.
- Published
- 2020
20. Feasibility assessment of the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass pretreated with acid mine drainage (AMD)
- Author
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Kevin G. Harding, Nicholas W. Burman, and Craig Sheridan
- Subjects
Payback period ,060102 archaeology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Environmental remediation ,020209 energy ,Biomass ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,06 humanities and the arts ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,Biofuel ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Capital cost ,Environmental science ,0601 history and archaeology ,Fermentation - Abstract
A techno-economic evaluation of a lignocellulosic bioethanol facility that uses acid mine drainage for the pre-treatment of weeping love grass (Eragrostis curvula) was performed. Both separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) reactor configurations were evaluated. Results were compared to an evaluation of the same process with biomass pre-treated with dilute H2SO4. Capital and operating costs were estimated and a simple economic evaluation was conducted. It was found that all scenarios made a loss except for biomass pre-treated with H2SO4 in the SHF reactor configuration, although the high capital cost resulted in a payback period of 80.7 years, which is unfeasible. SHF was found to produce more ethanol at a lower capital cost than SSF, indicating that it is more economically feasible. Incorporating the remediation of AMD into a simultaneous process could help improve process economics. It is thus recommended that a techno-economic evaluation be conducted on a process that produces bioethanol through SHF and simultaneously remediates AMD.
- Published
- 2020
21. Sulfate and metals removal from acid mine drainage in a horizontal anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor
- Author
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Giselle Patrícia Sancinetti, Juliana Kawanishi Braga, Omar Mendes de Melo Júnior, and Renata Piacentini Rodriguez
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,genetic structures ,Sulfide ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Mining ,Water Purification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Metals, Heavy ,Anaerobiosis ,Operational costs ,Sulfate-reducing bacteria ,Sulfate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sewage ,Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria ,Sulfates ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Cells, Immobilized ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,eye diseases ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,sense organs ,Acids ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Anaerobic exercise ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
The acid mine drainage (AMD) can causes negative impacts to the environment. Physico-chemical methods to treat AMD can have high operational costs. Through passive biological methods, such as anaerobic reactors, sulfate reduction, and recovery of metals are promoted. This study evaluated the performance of a horizontal anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor for the treatment of synthetic AMD using polyurethane foam as support material, and anaerobic sludge as inoculum. Ethanol was used as an electron donor for sulfate reduction, resulting in an influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range of 500-1,500 mg/L and COD/sulfate ratio at 1. A gradual increase of sulfate and COD concentration was applied that resulted in COD removal efficiencies higher than 78%, and sulfate removal efficiencies of 80%. Higher sulfate and COD concentrations associated with higher hydraulic retention times (36 h) proved to be a better strategy for sulfate removal. The HAIB reactor was able to accommodate an increase in the SLR up to 2.25 g SO
- Published
- 2020
22. Industrial acid mine drainage and municipal wastewater co-treatment by dual-chamber microbial fuel cells
- Author
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Giovanni Hernández-Flores, Oscar Talavera-Mendoza, J. Ramirez-Nava, Jazmin Alaide López-Díaz, Omar Solorza-Feria, Carlos Escamilla-Alvarado, Héctor M. Poggi-Varaldo, and L.S. Vélez-Pérez
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Microbial fuel cell ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Alkalinity ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Fuel Technology ,Bioremediation ,Wastewater ,Organic matter ,Metalloid ,0210 nano-technology ,Sludge - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate performance of a co-treatment method of industrial acid mine drainage (I-AMD) and municipal wastewater (MWW) by dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (DC-MFC). Sewage sludge and MWW were used as inoculum-fuel in anodic chamber. I-AMD was fed to the cathode side of the chamber. A 100 Ω resistor was used to externally connect the anode to the cathode (DC-MFC-A). A second cell was operated at the open circuit potential (DC-MFC-B). In both cells, the efficiency of organic matter removal was ~15% and the wastewater alkalinity was reduced by more than 50% in both cells. On the other hand, the physicochemical characteristics and composition of I-AMD were modified. The pH increased from 2.50 to 4.12 ± 0.6. The S O 4 2 − concentration was reduced ca. 20 and 8% for the DC-MFC-A and DC-MFC-B, respectively. N O 3 − Concentration decreased in both cells by >90%. Different heavy metals (HMs) and metalloid removal values were observed in the cells: 42, 84, 71, 77, 55 and 42% for Cd, Cu, Fe, Al, Pb and As, respectively. Finally, a maximum volumetric power of 14,000 mW/m3 was reached by DC-MFC-A. The DC-MFCs achieved simultaneous treatment of MWW, partial neutralization of I-AMD, HMs removal, and bioelectricity generation. Hence, DC-MFCs seem to be an encouraging alternative for bioremediation of both MWW and I-AMD.
- Published
- 2020
23. Iron recovery from acid mine drainage sludge as Fenton source for municipal wastewater treatment
- Author
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Lian-Shin Lin and Maha A. Tony
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Soil Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Wastewater ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,Fenton reagent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Iron recovered from acid mine drainage (AMD) waters effluent and introduced as an advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) source, namely, Fenton reagent (FR) for municipal wastewater (MWW) treatment. A...
- Published
- 2020
24. The Effect of Particle Size on Mine Waste Sulfide Oxidation Rates and Conceptual Treatment Costs
- Author
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D. Dettrick, S. Yuen, Meenakshi Arora, Justin F. Costelloe, and N. Bourgeot
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sulfide ,business.industry ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Tailings ,law.invention ,Sieve ,Overburden ,chemistry ,law ,engineering ,Coal ,Particle size ,Pyrite ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD) oxidation reaction rates were determined using oxygen consumption rates in a high sulfur overburden rock from the Australian Latrobe Valley coal provinces, and a mid to low range sulfur waste rock from a porphyry copper deposit in Papua, New Guinea. Nine grain sizes were tested, ranging from material retained by a 0.038 mm sieve through to a 40 mm sieve. Oxygen consumption rates in sealed cells were measured to establish pyrite oxidation rates (POR) in each sample. The oxygen consumption rates displayed a strong exponential reaction correlation with particle size for the material. The POR was found to range from 0.28 to 10.90 wt%/year FeS2 for the materials tested. A relationship between particle size and POR was established for comparative purposes. The smaller grind sizes included in this study extend the AMD/POR particle size data set available in the literature and will assist with geochemical engineering for designing tailings storage facilities. The potential economic and mine design ramifications of additional reactivity of fine mine materials is assessed and discussed using a unit cost framework for applying neutralizing materials.
- Published
- 2019
25. A Comparative Study of Carbon Emissions from Industrial and Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants under the Background of Carbon Neutralization.
- Author
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Liu, Xiaoping, Li, Zhanbin, Li, Peng, Xu, Weiqing, Liu, Tong, Cheng, Shengdong, Li, Jiajia, Miao, Ziyao, Zhang, Lin, and Zheng, Xing
- Subjects
SEWAGE purification ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,CARBON emissions ,SEWAGE disposal plants ,ACID mine drainage ,GREENHOUSE gases ,CARBON offsetting - Abstract
This paper studied the characteristics of the carbon emission of an industrial wastewater treatment plant (IWWTP) and a domestic WWTP (DWWTP) located in a high-tech industrial park of Shaanxi Province, China. The results showed that the total carbon emissions of the IWWTP and DWWTP were 10.13 kg/t and 1.84 kg/t in 2020, respectively. Indirect carbon emissions play a dominant role in the total carbon emission of the IWWTP, which accounts for about 97.6% of the total amount. The direct carbon emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g., CH
4 , N2 O) account for about 62% of the total carbon emissions in the DWWTP, followed by the indirect carbon emissions generated by electricity consumption (31.06%) and chemical consumption (6.94%). Additionally, the centralized recycling and re-utilization of the wastewater could achieve 1.06 kg/t and 1.16 kg/t of carbon emission reduction in the IWWTP and DWWTP, respectively, while the carbon emissions of the DWWTP are inversely proportional to the treatment capacity. Therefore, it is of great value to collect and utilize intensively the recycled water to achieve the goal of regional carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization of WWTPs in industrial parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Accelerated mineralization of textile wastewater under 222 nm irradiation from Kr/Cl2 excilamp: an environmentally friendly and energy efficient approach.
- Author
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Ahlawat, Kiran, Jangra, Ramavtar, and Prakash, Ram
- Subjects
AZO dyes ,HIGH resolution spectroscopy ,SEWAGE ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,TEXTILE dyeing ,ACID mine drainage - Abstract
The textile dyeing and manufacturing industry is the major producer of significant amounts of wastewater that contain persistent substances such as azo dyes that require adequate remediation measures. Far ultraviolet at 222 nm light may provide an advantage for contaminants degradation as compared to conventional UV sources (254 nm). In this paper, the degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5) in artificial wastewater has been performed using a 222 nm Kr/Cl
2 excimer source under direct photolysis and an advanced oxidation process using TiO2 /H2 O2 . The solution pH, catalyst concentration, 222 nm intensity, initial concentration of dye, and addition of H2 O2 influence the degradation rate constant. The molar absorption coefficient, quantum yield of RB5 at 222 nm and the electrical energy per order (EEO) from different treatment methods have been reported. RB5 shows 1.26 times higher molar absorption at 222 nm than at 254 nm. The EEO for excimer-222/H2 O2 (∼ 13 kWh/m3 ) is five times lower than that of the excimer-222/TiO2 process, which makes the process energy efficient. The degradation of wastewater has been carried out at three distinct pH values (2, 6, and 10), and the pH level of 10 exhibited the highest degree of degradation. The degradation rate in the alkaline medium is 8.27 and 2.05 times higher than in the acidic or ambient medium. Since textile effluent is highly alkaline, this result is significant, as no neutralization of the wastewater is required, and direct treatment is possible. A possible degradation pathway has been established based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) analysis. The phytotoxicity of the treated wastewater has also been evaluated for its suitability for reuse in agriculture. The study reveals that the excimer-222/H2 O2 treated wastewater significantly enhanced the germination percentage of Raphanus sativus seed (97%) compared to dye wastewater-grown seeds (75%). This work offers crucial information for future studies on the direct and indirect photolysis of azo dyes, as well as insight into the process of RB5 degradation under Kr/Cl2 excimer radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. In Situ Use of Mining Substrates for Wetland Construction: Results of a Pilot Experiment.
- Author
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Hernández-Pérez, Carmen, Martínez-López, Salvadora, Martínez-Sánchez, María José, Martínez-Martínez, Lucia Belén, García-Lorenzo, María Luz, and Perez Sirvent, Carmen
- Subjects
WETLANDS ,ACID mine drainage ,PHRAGMITES ,PILOT projects ,MINE waste ,PLANT growing media ,PHRAGMITES australis - Abstract
This paper evaluates an experimental wetland as part of a pilot soil reclamation project in a mining area. The wetland was constructed using materials of mining origin from the area; most reactive materials of acid pH were stabilised using limestone filler. The study selected macrophytes that are tolerant to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and resistant to salinity, namely Phragmites australis, Juncus effusus, and Iris pseudacorus. These macrophytes were then placed in pots containing substrates composed of different mixtures of topsoil, peat, and mining waste (black or yellow sand). A thorough analysis of the physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the materials included studies of PTE mobilisation. This study emphasises the significance of the rhizosphere in directing the transfer of PTEs to the plant and the correlation between the substrate and the development of plant defence mechanisms, such as the formation of Fe-plates. Scanning electron microscopy was used to highlight these aspects and validate the results of the analytical determinations. These wetlands can be proposed as a phytoremediation strategy for areas affected by mining and maritime influence. They are easy to construct and remain stable, providing important ecosystem services such as the natural attenuation of acid mine drainage, support for vegetation development and fauna, and a clean ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Various Operational Aspects of the Extraction of Critical Minerals from Acid Mine Drainage and Its Treatment By-product
- Author
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Zhongqing Xiao
- Subjects
chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,By-product ,Environmental science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Acid mine drainage ,Solvent extraction ,Pulp and paper industry ,Stripping (fiber) ,Cobalt ,Data scrubbing ,Saponification - Published
- 2021
29. Quantification and characterization of the sludge generated from synthetic acid mine drainage treatment using sodium ferrate (VI) as an advance oxidation process
- Author
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James Ramontja, Caliphs Zvinowanda, John Ngoni Zvimba, and Alexis Munyengabe
- Subjects
Reaction rate ,Settling rate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Settling ,chemistry ,Sodium ,Reagent ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Oxidation process ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Ferrate(VI) - Abstract
A major problem in the active treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) is the generation of large volumes of sludge through pH neutralization, oxidation of iron (II) and subsequent metal precipitation. The sludge settling rate, sludge volume index (SVI) and sedimentation process are ones of parameters identifying a good treatment of AMD. Sodium ferrate (VI) (Na2FeO4) is one reagent currently used to treat water due to its quick reaction rate, easy implementation and relatively low chemical and operational costs. However, very limited information is available in the literature related to the detailed characterization and dewaterability of Na2FeO4-treated AMD sludge. This study aimed at characterizing and monitoring settling rate and densification process of synthetic AMD sludge after treatment with Na2FeO4. The results confirmed a complete removal of iron from the synthetic AMD due to high oxidation strength of ferrate (VI) in acidic medium (Eᵒ = 2.2V) and showed the presence of different minerals formed in the sludge after treatment. The concentrations of the sludge collected at different intervals were justified by the densification process and high density of the sludge was obtained after 25 minutes while high weight percent of iron was found at 10 min and Fe and O dominated other elements in the sludge. The study demonstrated very good settling properties of the sludge and the low SVI value ranging between 30 and 60 mL/g TSS.
- Published
- 2021
30. Design of a bioprocess for metal and sulfate removal from acid mine drainage
- Author
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Cristian Hurtado, Davor Cotoras, and Pabla Viedma
- Subjects
Packed bed ,Chemistry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Metals and Alloys ,Biosorption ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Chemistry ,Bioreactor ,Sulfate-reducing bacteria ,Cellulose ,Bioprocess ,Sulfate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The high levels of sulfate and the metals in acid mine drainages generate important environmental problems. This paper describes the synergistic combination of a biosorption process and a new sulfate removal process. The treatment for the elimination of metals by biosorption with a Bacillus strain allowed reducing the high metal concentrations that had a toxic effect on the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). On the other hand, the sulfate removal process used a microbial sulfate-reducing halotolerant consortium, which was able to reduce the sulfate concentration using low-cost organic substrates such as spirulina, cellulose and industrial starch. Independent of substrate present in the culture medium, the SRB was the predominant group. The sulfate-reducing consortium was cultured on a bench-scale upflow anaerobic packed bed bioreactor filled with Celite R-635. It was possible to reduce the concentration of sulfate in the culture medium in batch or semi-continuous operation. This integrated process is an inexpensive alternative for the elimination of metals by biosortion and the elimination of sulfate using a sulfate-reducing consortium.
- Published
- 2018
31. Quality of water recovered by treating acid mine drainage using pervious concrete adsorbent
- Author
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Ayanda N. Shabalala and Stephen O. Ekolu
- Subjects
Cement ,Zerovalent iron ,zero-valent iron ,Pervious concrete ,Chemistry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,batch test ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Pervious concrete, zero-valent iron, acid mine drainage, batch test, permeable reactive barrier ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,020801 environmental engineering ,law.invention ,Portland cement ,law ,Permeable reactive barrier ,Fly ash ,Leaching (metallurgy) ,Waste Management and Disposal ,permeable reactive barrier ,Water Science and Technology ,acid mine drainage - Abstract
In this paper, a batch experiment was conducted to evaluate the water quality obtained from using pervious concrete (PERVC) technology to treat acid mine drainage (AMD). The study proposes an innovative application of PERVC as a permeable reactive barrier liner in evaporation ponds. The effectiveness of PERVC adsorbent in removing heavy metals was compared with that of zero-valent iron (ZVI) of particle size 1.0 to 1.8 mm. The AMD used in the study was obtained from abandoned gold and coal mines. PERVC mixtures consisted of granite aggregate and ordinary Portland cement CEM I 52.5R (CEM I) or CEM I containing Class F 30% fly ash (30%FA) as a cement replacement material. ZVI was prepared from a mixture of silica sand and iron grit of specific sizes. PERVC and ZVI media were used to conduct batch reactor tests with AMD, for a period of 43 days at a ratio of 1 L of reactive material to 3 L of AMD. The quality of treated AMD was compared against effluent discharge standards. The contaminants Al, Fe and Zn were effectively removed by both PERVC and ZVI. Also, both adsorbents reduced Ni, Co and Cu to levels below those measured in raw AMD. However, PERVC was more effective in removing Mn and Mg while ZVI was ineffective. Although PERVC removed more heavy metals and with greater efficiency than ZVI, the PERVC-treated water showed high pH levels and exhibited elevated Cr 6+ concentrations, owing to leaching from the cement and fly ash materials used in PERVC mixtures. Keywords : Pervious concrete, zero-valent iron, acid mine drainage, batch test, permeable reactive barrier
- Published
- 2019
32. Laboratory Study on the Effectiveness of Limestone and Cementitious Industrial Products for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation
- Author
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Bruno Bussière, Hassan Bouzahzah, Mostafa Benzaazoua, and Abdellatif Elghali
- Subjects
lcsh:Mineralogy ,lcsh:QE351-399.2 ,mine tailings ,Environmental remediation ,contaminant stabilization ,Amendment ,Geology ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Tailings ,cementitious amendments ,law.invention ,Portland cement ,law ,Fly ash ,Environmental science ,alkaline amendments ,Cementitious ,acid mine drainage - Abstract
Acid mine tailings may affect several environmental matrices. Here, we aimed to stabilize acid-generated mine tailings using several alkaline and cementitious amendments, which were tested in columns for 361 days. The alkaline amendments consisted of 10 and 20 wt.% limestone, while the cementitious amendments consisted of different binders at a total dosage of 5 wt.% binder. The different formulations for the cementitious amendments were: 50% Kruger fly ash and 50% class F fly ash, 20% ordinary Portland cement, 40% Kruger fly ash, and 40% class F fly ash, 80% ordinary Portland cement and 20% Kruger fly ash, and 20% ordinary Portland cement, 40% Kruger fly ash, and 40% fly ash. Kinetic testing on the amendment formulations showed that the pH values increased from <, 2.5 to circumneutral values (~7.5). The mobility of various chemical species was greatly reduced. Cumulative Fe released from the unamended tailings was ~342.5 mg/kg, and was <, 22 mg/kg for the amended tailings. The main mechanisms responsible for metal(loid) immobilization were the precipitation of secondary phases, such as Fe-oxyhydroxides, physical trapping, and tailing impermeabilization.
- Published
- 2021
33. High rate of biological removal of sulfate, organic matter, and metals in UASB reactor to treat synthetic acid mine drainage and cheese whey wastewater as carbon source
- Author
-
Patrícia Restani da Costa, Giselle Patrícia Sancinetti, A. Santos, Gabriela Freitas Sampaio, and Renata Piacentini Rodriguez
- Subjects
Bicarbonate ,Electron donor ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,020401 chemical engineering ,Cheese ,Whey ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic matter ,Anaerobiosis ,0204 chemical engineering ,Sulfate ,Sulfate-reducing bacteria ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sewage ,Sulfates ,Ecological Modeling ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,Carbon ,chemistry ,Metals - Abstract
The anaerobic biological treatment of sulfate-rich effluents, such as acid mine drainage (AMD), is mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). This process involves the reduction of sulfates in the presence of an electron donor. Complex carbon compounds can be used as electron donors. In the present study, was used an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to co-treat a low-pH synthetic AMD and cheese whey wastewater (CWW). Were observed higher sulfate and COD removal rates (1,114 ± 88 and 1,214 ± 128 mg L-1 day-1 , respectively) at higher sulfate and applied COD loading rates (1,500 mg L-1 day-1 ). The overall pH of the effluent remained above 6.4 without any bicarbonate supplementation. Almost 100% of the Fe, Zn, and Cu was removed and the presence of metals improved the process. The use of a single reactor to treat AMD and CWW is promising. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Wastewater cheese whey was electron donor for treating acid mine drainage in an UASB reactor. Metals additions in the system indicated an increased removal of COD. About 99% of the metals were removed with the treatment.
- Published
- 2019
34. Management of mine acid drainage in a constructed wetland using hyacinth plant and addition of organic materials
- Author
-
Yanisworo Wijaya Ratih, Sugiman Setyo Wardoyo, and Fitri Arum Sekarjannah
- Subjects
Environmental remediation ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,hyacinth plants ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,wetlands ,remediation ,Coal ,Organic matter ,organic matter ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,business.industry ,Compost ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Coal mining ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,chemistry ,visual_art ,engineering ,Constructed wetland ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Environmental science ,Sawdust ,business ,acid mine drainage - Abstract
Coal mining is an activity to exploit land to get coal stored underground. Environmental problems in coal mining activities are generally associated with Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). The purpose of this study was to find out the best combination of organic matter and incubation time in remediating acid mine drainage on wetlands with water hyacinth plants. This research was conducted at PT Berau Coal in Tanjung Redeb, Berau, East Kalimantan. This study used a split-plot design. The main plot was the treatment of a combination of organic matter which consisted of 4 levels: A0 as a control (without organic matter), A1 with a combination of compost + sawdust (1:2), A2 with a combination of compost + sawdust (1:1), A3 with a combination of compost + sawdust (2:1). The subplot was treatment incubation time consisting of 2 levels, namely for 15 days and 33 days. Data analysis used variance analysis at the 5% level followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test with a level of 5% when there were significant differences. The results showed that the addition of organic matter had a significant effect on the increase in pH and a decrease in the concentration of Mn in water, but it did not significantly affect the decrease in Fe concentration in water. The best combination of organic matter in acid mine remediation in this study was compost + sawdust (2:1) during the incubation time of 33 days
- Published
- 2019
35. Applications of Portland cement blended with fly ash and acid mine drainage treatment sludge to control acid mine drainage generation from waste rocks
- Author
-
John Webb, Michael G. Sephton, and Stafford McKnight
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,Cement ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,equipment and supplies ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,law.invention ,Waste treatment ,Portland cement ,surgical procedures, operative ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,law ,Fly ash ,Slurry ,engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Leachate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Lime - Abstract
Portland cement is an effective but expensive option for source control of acid mine drainage (AMD); the cost could be reduced by blending the cement with cheap waste materials such as fly ash from coal combustion and sludge produced from neutralization of acid mine drainage with lime. To test how these two additives affect cement performance in reducing AMD generation, blended cement slurries were applied to sulfidic waste rocks from Brukunga, South Australia, in leaching columns monitored for around 1 year. Acidity, metal and sulfate loads decreased greatly (by 80–95%) for all cement applications but the effect varied, depending mostly on the depth of penetration of the cement in the column (a function of slurry viscosity). The fly ash-blended cements penetrated further into the columns than the more viscous surface-capping sludge-blended cements, causing a greater decrease of leachate acidity loads and sulfide oxidation due to better coverage of the waste rocks and more acidity neutralization by cement dissolution. The AMD sludge showed no evidence of releasing its adsorbed heavy metals, but the fly ash released some Si, indicating that it is not chemically stable in the cement. There was little secondary mineral growth in the blended cements; the ettringite in the AMD sludge-blended cement formed from bassanite present in the sludge rather than exposure to acid mine drainage. Overall analysis of the long-term effectiveness of the blended cement applications shows that cement placed as a surface cap on top of the waste rock provides more value, because the slower cement dissolution rates ensure continued effectiveness for many years. Scaling up the results from the laboratory study to the field scale at the Brukunga mine site suggests that benefit/cost ratios in the order of 20–30 might be achieved compared to the present use of lime neutralization for AMD treatment.
- Published
- 2019
36. Mine sludge waste recycling as bio-stimulant for applications in anaerobic wastewater treatment
- Author
-
Raj Shekhar Bose and Manoj Kumar Tiwari
- Subjects
Acidogenesis ,Environmental Engineering ,Anaerobic respiration ,020209 energy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sewage ,Septic tank ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,01 natural sciences ,Mining ,Biostimulation ,Bioreactors ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Recycling ,Organic matter ,Anaerobiosis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,media_common ,Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,business.industry ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,business - Abstract
This study examined the applicability of two mine sludge wastes, mine tailing sludge (MTS) and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) as iron-rich bio-stimulant for enhancing organic matter degradation in anaerobic process. Batch treatment of domestic sewage having 343 ± 10 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD) using MTS and AMDS as additives mixed with septic tank sludge as anaerobic inoculum produced lower start-up time, higher efficiency of COD removal, enhanced biomass retention, and higher acidogenic and methanogenic activity after stabilization. Biostimulation induced by mine sludge waste additives in anaerobic system were observed to have correlation with percentage of iron content in the additives, as well as difference in surface charge between biomass and the additives. Treatment efficiency induced by the two mine sludge waste based additives were similar at 90% confidence limit, however, was found to be higher than lower iron containing additive laterite soil, while lower than higher iron containing synthetic zero valent nano iron as additives used for comparison. The study was supported by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and optical microscope images of sludge granule sand surface charge measurement.
- Published
- 2019
37. Performance of bauxite refinery residues for treating acid mine drainage
- Author
-
Gurkiran Gurkiran Kaur, Sara J. Couperthwaite, and Graeme J. Millar
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial waste ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,parasitic diseases ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Hydrotalcite ,Magnesium ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,equipment and supplies ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,eye diseases ,Red mud ,Bauxite ,Calcium carbonate ,chemistry ,engineering ,Carbonate ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Novel application of alkaline waste materials from the alumina industry (Bayer precipitates) to both neutralize and remove dissolved metals from acid mine drainage (AMD) has been demonstrated. The hypothesis was that Bayer precipitates could not only economically treat a wide range of AMD compositions but also do this in an environmentally acceptable manner. Therefore, the aim was to synthesise a range of Bayer precipitates and test their remediation effectiveness with a variety of real AMD samples. Thermal activation of Bayer precipitate at 380 °C produced a material which required the least mass to neutralize AMD and removed greater amounts of problematic species such as manganese (e.g. 74 to 82.8% reduction for Bayer precipitate and 83.7 to 91.6% reduction for thermally activated Bayer precipitate). The presence of an amorphous mixed magnesium/aluminium oxide and lack of carbonate species in the thermally activated Bayer precipitate was proposed to explain the improved performance. The resultant sludge was composed of hydrotalcite and possibly calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate, with precise quantities dependent upon the AMD tested. Exposure of sludge to water promoted the dissolution of a fraction of the hydrotalcite which enhanced concentrations of Mg and Ca in solution; albeit, contact of the sludge with AMD resulted in further removal of dissolved metals and raised the pH of the AMD. In summary, this study has developed a new process using two industrial waste products to solve a critical environmental problem. Future research should investigate the commercial feasibility.
- Published
- 2018
38. Long-term performance of a UASB reactor treating acid mine drainage: effects of sulfate loading rate, hydraulic retention time, and COD/SO42− ratio
- Author
-
Mirabelle Perossi Cunha, Giselle Patrícia Sancinetti, Renata Piacentini Rodriguez, and Rafael Marçal Ferraz
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,Ethanol ,Hydraulic retention time ,030306 microbiology ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Bioengineering ,Electron donor ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic matter ,Sulfate ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is among the most serious threats to water and the typical alkali-based treatment costs are high. This study’s main objective was the establishment of a highly efficient biological process using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to treat AMD based on a shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT) and lower organic matter input. The process was evaluated for a long-term operation (739 days) in terms of the influence of HRT (14–24 h), metal addition, sulfate loading rate (0.5–2.6 g SO42− l−1 d−1), and the COD/SO42− ratio (0.67–1.0) using ethanol as the only electron donor at a pH of 4.0. Neutral effluent pH was achieved throughout the time apart from operational modifications. The reduction in HRT from 24 to 16 h and an increase in the sulfate loading rate (SLR) up to 2.25 g SO42− l−1 d−1 improved the sulfate removal to (92.1 ± 1.8)% with 80% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. However, the sulfate reduction was less than 80% when the HRT and SLR was changed to 14 h and 2.6 g SO42− l−1 d−1, respectively. The oxidation of organic matter by sulfate reduction was greater than 50% regardless of the conditions imposed but the use of ethanol to treat AMD was more efficient when either the HRT was 16 h (1.5 g SO42− l−1 d−1) in the presence of Fe, Zn, and Cu or the HRT was 14 h (2.6 g SO42− l−1 d−1) but the COD/SO42− ratio was reduced to 0.67. The fully optimized conditions of the UASB reactor were set at an HRT of 16 h, SLR of 1.5 g SO42− l−1 d−1, and a COD/SO42− ratio of 1.0.
- Published
- 2018
39. Assessment and Modeling of Nanofiltration of Acid Mine Drainage
- Author
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Rodrigo Bórquez, Javier Andalaft, Paula Fuentes, Marcelo Aybar, Alex Schwarz, and Luis Pino
- Subjects
Gypsum ,Fouling ,Continuous operation ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,Permeation ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Membrane ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Nanofiltration ,0210 nano-technology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Concentration polarization - Abstract
The main objective of the present investigation was to analyze, evaluate, and model the behavior in the treatment of real acid mine drainage (AMD) with commercial spiral-wound nanofiltration membranes (NF270 and NF90). Both membranes showed operational differences regarding the effect of pH, temperature, continuous operation, concentration polarization, and fouling. Both NF90 and NF270 presented a high rejection of divalent ions (∼100%); however, NF90 showed a greater fouling with AMD. Adjustment of pH in the continuous tests reduced the precipitation of aluminum, and gypsum was identified as the main compound generating a significant decrease in the permeate flow in the membrane. The Spliegler–Kedem model was used to represent rejection and permeate flows, identifying the contribution of convective and diffusive transport in both membranes with a good fit of the model. The results obtained represent important information for a future industrial application to the treatment of AMD by means of commercial N...
- Published
- 2018
40. Sequential Abatement of FeII and CrVI Water Pollution by Use of Walnut Shell-Based Adsorbents
- Author
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Marius Gheju and Ionel Balcu
- Subjects
Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Sodium borohydride ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY ,sustainable water treatment ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Hexavalent chromium ,Water pollution ,water treatment residuals ,heavy metals ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,hexavalent chromium ,Aqueous solution ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,innovative adsorbent ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Incineration ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,Water treatment ,0210 nano-technology ,acid mine drainage - Abstract
In this study walnut shells, an inexpensive and readily available waste, were used as carbonaceous precursor for preparation of an innovative adsorbent (walnut-shell powder (WSP)) which was successfully tested for the removal of FeII from synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD). Then, the exhausted iron-contaminated adsorbent (WSP-FeII) was recovered and treated with sodium borohydride for the reduction of adsorbed FeII to Fe0. The resulting material (WSP-Fe0) was subsequently tested for the removal of CrVI from aqueous solutions. Treatability batch experiments were employed for both FeII and CrVI-contaminated solutions, and the influence of some important experimental parameters was studied. In addition, the experimental data was interpreted by applying three kinetic models and the mechanism of heavy metal removal was discussed. The overall data presented in this study indicated that fresh WSP and WSP-Fe0 can be considered as promising materials for the removal of FeII and CrVI, respectively. Furthermore, the present work clearly showed that water treatment residuals may be converted in upgraded materials, which can be successfully applied in subsequent water treatment processes. This is an example of sustainable and environmentally-friendly solution that may reduce the adverse effects associated with wastes and delay expensive disposal methods such as landfilling or incineration.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Solution Tool to Predict Filter Cake Formation for Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) Slurries
- Author
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Roberto Ecuador and Martinez Ochoa
- Subjects
Filter cake ,Permeability (earth sciences) ,Sludge dewatering ,Chemistry ,Slurry ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2021
42. Dear Reader.
- Author
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Kleinmann, Robert
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,CHATBOTS ,SCIENTIFIC communication ,ACID mine drainage ,MINE water - Abstract
However, while AI-generated text can undoubtedly be beneficial in expediting the writing process, caution must be exercised to ensure that the final output reflects the expertise and intent of the author. Researchers must be able to understand how AI models arrive at their conclusions and be aware of any limitations or potential biases in the algorithms. Before addressing the topic of AI, we need to note that this issue contains fewer papers than any issue we have published in over a decade, and it contains I every i paper that was ready for publication. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURE OF ENTERPRISES, IN MINING SECTOR IN KOSOVO.
- Author
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Morina, Gazmend and Kastrati, Gani
- Subjects
ACID mine drainage ,MINE closures ,ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,MINES & mineral resources ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation - Abstract
Environmental expenditures include all environmental protection expenditures to prevent, reduce and control environmental aspects, impacts and hazards, in addition to the costs of disposal, treatment, hygiene and cleaning. Environmental protection expenditures are defined as investments of enterprises allocated to reduce direct environmental pollution. In this scientific paper we will address the topic of environmental costs of enterprises in the mining sector in Kosovo. All enterprises of the mining industry in Kosovo are obliged by legislation to allocate or plan a budget for environmental expenditures. The Independent Commission for Mines and Minerals is an independent agency defined by the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, which regulates mining activities in Kosovo in accordance with the Law on Mines and Minerals, bylaws issued in accordance with the Law on Mines and Minerals and Kosovo Mining Strategy. This institution has determined by administrative instruction the expenses which the enterprises of the mining sector are obliged to deposit in the form of bank guarantees, for the closure of the mine, after the expiration of the license or permit. This type of expense for the company is otherwise called insurance "for all risks to third parties". Collecting high quality and reliable environmental expenditure data is essential for policymakers to develop effective environmental policies and for donors and financial institutions. Environmental criteria consider how a company performs as a nature manager. Mining areas often experience a theme of social tension due to the potential compromise between the expected impact of employment and concerns about environmental damage. Pollution control is a necessary condition for welfare benefits despite new job opportunities in the mining sector. Mining operations often require intensive use of water resources, require land and can create severe environmental externalities, including soil erosion and pollution, air and water, pollution from acid mine drainage, to chemical leakage and sedimentation. During this paper we will be based on some methods of scientific research such as: analysis, synthesis, generalization, specification, etc. We will be based on publications or official reports of relevant institutions, Kosovo and international legislation related to the topics addressed as well as field visits to the mining sector enterprises in Kosovo, which allocate more budget for environmental expenditures, for due to the activity they exercise. Finally, we will give our conclusions regarding the adequacy of environmental expenditures made by mining sector companies in Kosovo, the legislation in force and the need to amend or supplement this legislation, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Beneficiation of pulp mill waste green liquor dregs: Applications in treatment of acid mine drainage as new disposal solution in South Africa
- Author
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Bishop B Sithole, Jonas K Johakimu, and Keolebogile R. Sebogodi
- Subjects
Pulp mill ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Strategy and Management ,Pulp (paper) ,05 social sciences ,Beneficiation ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Acid mine drainage ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Kraft process ,Reagent ,050501 criminology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,Green liquor ,Leachate ,0505 law ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Acid mine Drainage (AMD) is a low pH, sulphate and heavy metal rich leachate that is produced from oxidation of sulphide bearing minerals commonly found in the host rocks of some mineral ores. The pH augmentation, and sulphate and metal removal in AMD is often achieved by adding alkaline reagents in it. CaCO3 and/or its derivatives are commonly used for this purpose due to their abundance and affordability as compared to other neutralizing reagents. The problems associated with the use of this naturally occurring reagent do not only include the emission of greenhouse gases and ecological disturbances but also include a disastrous implication of depleting their reserves. To avoid these predicaments, green liquor dregs (GLD) from two Kraft pulp manufactures in South Africa were used as alternative alkaline reagents to neutralize AMD originating from Witwatersrand goldfields in Johannesburg. These GLD samples were referred to as GLD A and B. CaCO3 was used as a reference material. The GLD samples had neutralizing values that are comparable to that of CaCO3. Thus, CaCO3, GLD A, and GLD B had a neutralizing value of, 26.0, 21.2, and 21.0% CaO respectively. Different dosages 1, 2, 6, 10, and 20 g/L of these neutralizing reagents were used to neutralize the AMD. Results of this study showed that raising the pH of AMD was possible even at a low dosages of 1 g/L. At this dosage, the acidity of the AMD sample changed from 183.36 to 21.7, 36.4, and 48.72 mg/L CaCO3, and changed the pH from 5.6 to 8.84, 8.21, and 8.0 respectively. However, the SO42− and Ec had increased from 2093 to 2360, 2538, and 2407 mg/L and from 3.6 to 4.0, 4.3, 4.2 mS/cm respectively, indicating that caution should be taken to keep these values low by keeping the reagent dosage low and being cognizant of the carbonate mineral present in GLD. The x-ray diffraction patterns of the reacted samples confirmed the presence of metal oxides and Ca and Mg compounds that were depicted by SEM/EDX micrographs. In conclusion, the results from this study showed that the pH of AMD can be raised to optimum pH process value and reduce the acidity at a low dosage, a competitive advantage over commercial CaCO3. The proposed concept can be adopted by both the mining and pulp and paper industries, for the upscaling of co-disposing GLD and AMD contaminants as an eco-friendly alternative for the CaCO3.
- Published
- 2020
45. The study of leachability and toxicity of sludge after neutralization of Saraka and Robule AMD wastewaters
- Author
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Jelena Petrovic, Stefan Djordjievski, Radmila Markovic, Vojka Gardic, Jovica Sokolović, Nobuyuki Masuda, and Dragana Bozic
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Chemistry ,TCLP ,Treatment process ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,0207 environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Heavy metals ,02 engineering and technology ,Zinc ,neutralization ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,6. Clean water ,Neutralization ,lcsh:Geology ,Temperature treatment ,sludge ,Wastewater ,leachability ,Toxicity ,020701 environmental engineering ,heavy metals ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) waters are one of the most important ecological risks at the global level because of its high heavy metals content and strong acidity. Treatment of AMD water is a complex and expensive. One of the most widely used treatment process is the neutralization process of AMD. The result of neutralization is the production of sludge which may contain various other (heavy) metals, depending on the chemical characteristics of the mine water treated. In this paper, leachability and toxicity of the sludges obtained during the neutralization process of wastewater from Saraka and Robule acid mine drainage and the sludges after the stabilization process at different temperatures is tested. Sludge produced in the neutralization process of Robule AMD R4 (40) and stabilized on 105°C and 200°C shows a H8-corrosiveness characteristic. Stabilized sludge show tendency to lower leachability of zinc and copper, but without influence on sulphate leachability. Sludges that show a H8-corrosiveness needs additional stabilization/neutralization pretreatment prior temperature treatment.
- Published
- 2017
46. Geochemical and petrological studies of high sulfur coal and overburden from Makum coalfield (Northeast India) towards understanding and mitigation of acid mine drainage.
- Author
-
Mahanta, Angana, Sarmah, Debashis, Bhuyan, Nilotpol, Saikia, Monikankana, Phukan, Sarat, Subramanyam, K. S. V., Singh, Ajit, Saikia, Prasenjit, and Saikia, Binoy K.
- Subjects
COAL ,RARE earth metals ,COAL mining ,COALFIELDS ,ACID mine drainage ,MACERAL ,OXIDATION kinetics - Abstract
Opencast coal mining produces trash of soil and rock containing various minerals, that are usually dumped nearby the abandoned sites which causes severe environmental concern including the production of acid mine drainage (AMD) through oxidation pyrite minerals. The current study entailed assessing the potential production of AMD from an opencast coal mining region in Northeast part of India. In order to have a comprehensive overview of the AMD problem in Makum coalfield, the physico-chemical, geochemical, and petrological characteristics of the coal and overburden (OB) samples collected from the Makum coalfield (Northeast India) were thoroughly investigated. The maceral compositions reveal that coal features all three groups of macerals (liptinite, vitrinite, and inertinite), with a high concentration of liptinite indicating the coal of perhydrous, thereby rendering it more reactive. Pyrite (FeS
2 ) oxidation kinetics were studied by conducting the aqueous leaching experiments of coal and (OB) samples to interpret the chemical weathering under controlled laboratory conditions of various temperature and time periods, and to replicate the actual mine site leaching. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was operated to detect the disposal of some precarious elements from coal and OB samples to the leachates during our controlled leaching experiment. The Rare earth element (REE) enrichment in the samples shows the anthropogenic incorporation of the REE in the coal and OB. These experiments reveal the change in conductivity, acid producing tendency, total dissolved solid(TDS), total Iron(Fe) and dissolved Sulfate(SO4 2− ) ions on progress of the leaching experiments. Moreover, the discharge of FeS2 via atmospheric oxidation in laboratory condition undergoes a significant growth with the rise of temperature of the reaction systems in the environment and follows pseudo first order kinetics. A bio-remediative strategies is also reported in this paper to mitigate AMD water by employing size-segregated powdered limestone and water hyacinth plant in an indigenously developed site-specific prototype station. Apart from neutralisation of AMD water, this eco-friendly AMD remediation strategy demonstrates a reduction in PHEs concentrations in the treated AMD water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars physiological, biochemical performance and yield parameters response to acid mine water irrigation and soil physiochemical properties.
- Author
-
Munyai, Rabelani and Modise, David M.
- Subjects
POTATOES ,MINE water ,LIME (Minerals) ,IRRIGATION water ,ACID mine drainage ,CULTIVARS ,WATER reuse - Abstract
This paper aimed to analyse the potato cultivar's response to physiological, biochemical performance, yield parameters and soil physiochemical properties when subjected to quicklime (un)treated acid mine drainage (AMD) irrigation. A randomized design experiment was conducted with five water treatment levels: TW1; TW2; TW3; TW4 to TW5 replicated four times. The results showed that the quicklime treatment increased the pH of the AMD water, reduced the concentration of EC, NO
3 − , SO4 2− and ameliorated heavy metals. However, unsafe levels of heavy metals above the maximum permissible (WHO/FAO) levels were found in Pb, Mg and Mo for water (TW4 and TW5), while As, Cd and Cr for soils (ST4 and ST5) respectively. For potato tubers (TT4 and TT5) concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb were above the maximum levels. Stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and yield parameters responded positively by increasing significantly on TW4 and TW5 treatments, but negatively (reduced) towards TW2 and TW3 treatments. A higher bioaccumulation factor was obtained for Zn ˃ Cu ˃ Mg ˃ Pb ˃ Mn, which was an indication of the contamination status of soil, with Zn being more concentrated than other metals. The findings indicate that quicklime-treated AMD is usable for potato irrigation with regular monitoring of heavy metal levels and strict observation of water reuse protocols. The use of this large source of ameliorated (AMD) water will go a long way in improving food security in South Africa and/or in countries where agriculture production is around mining areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Neutralization of Acid Mine Drainage with Wood Ash
- Author
-
Constantin Horia Barbu, C. Sand, Cristina Maria Moise, Petronela-Bianca Pavel, and M. R. Pop
- Subjects
Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Materials Chemistry ,General Engineering ,Environmental science ,Wood ash ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Neutralization - Abstract
The paper presents the research activities oriented to solving two environmental issues of concern: acid mine drainage that poses a great risk to soils and water, and wood ash disposal, which can be done only under strict conditions, with high costs. After trials with synthetic acid waters, the behavior of four types of ash has been investigated. The ashes used were originated from two boilers belonging to a fiberboard manufacturer, individually and mixed according to their production process, using acid mine drainage from a copper mine. Acid mine drainage has been characterized in what concern pH, fix and mineral residues, as well as Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn content. For all ashes and their mixtures, the pH (water suspension 1:5), humidity, as well as their neutralization capacity have been determined. The obtained results have been very good, proving that wood ash has better neutralization capacity than calcium carbonate, thus enabling to pursue and extend the present research work.
- Published
- 2018
49. Systematic study on sulfate removal from mining waters by electrocoagulation
- Author
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Antti Häkkinen, Ritva Tuunila, Mika Sillanpää, Maria A. Mamelkina, Lappeenrannan-Lahden teknillinen yliopisto LUT, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT, and fi=School of Engineering Science|en=School of Engineering Science
- Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment ,Cyanide ,Filtration and Separation ,02 engineering and technology ,Factorial experiment ,Particle charge ,Wastewater treatment ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,Mining waters ,Electrocoagulation ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Nitrate ,medicine ,Sewage treatment ,0204 chemical engineering ,Sulfate ,0210 nano-technology ,Sulfate removal ,Design of experiments - Abstract
The mining industry is known to be a major producer of sulfate-rich waters that are harmful to aquatic systems, accelerate acid mine drainage formation and hinder the reuse and recycling of process water. In recent years, many treatment techniques have been studied and developed to treat sulfate-rich streams. One such technique, electrocoagulation (EC), was proposed as a possible alternative to conventional treatment technologies. Electrocoagulation has been used for the removal of nitrate, cyanide and toxic metals from mining waters, but the information about sulfate removal is scarce. In this paper, the results from a systematic study on sulfate removal by EC with iron electrodes applying a 33-full factorial design are discussed. The results show the leading role of applied current on sulfate removal. In addition, the study concludes that the utilisation of iron electrodes was more efficient in terms of sulfate removal comparing to aluminium electrodes. The removal of sulfate was as high as 54% and 10% using iron and aluminium electrodes respectively. Under the studied experimental conditions, sulfate was proposed to be removed because of particle charge neutralisation and enmeshment of the studied anion in iron oxides and hydroxides. Post-print / Final draft
- Published
- 2019
50. Attenuation of organics contamination in polymers processing effluent using iron-based sludge: process optimization and oxidation mechanism
- Author
-
Lian-Shin Lin and Maha A. Tony
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,Polymers ,Iron ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Environmental Chemistry ,Process optimization ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Pollutant ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sewage ,General Medicine ,Polymer ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Contamination ,Acid mine drainage ,Pulp and paper industry ,eye diseases ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry ,Reagent ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Fenton's reagent - Abstract
The feasibility of using iron extracted from acid mine drainage (AMD) as Fenton's reagent for removal of organics pollutants from polymer and plastics manufacturing effluent was investigated in this study. AMD iron dose, H
- Published
- 2020
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