Search

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS2) has great application prospects in the field of optoelectronic devices. Defect engineering is an effective way to regulate the electronic and optical properties of 2D MoS2. However, defect controlling on 2D materials remains a major challenge. Fluorine, as the most electronegative element, may cause many interesting phenomena after doping in 2D materials. So far, there have been no reports on the effect of fluoride ion (F− ion) irradiation on 2D material properties. In this paper, the monolayer MoS2 (ML-MoS2) synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition method was taken as the research object, and defects with controllable densities were produced by 30 keV F− ion irradiation, in which the defects were dominated by S vacancies. Based on Raman, photoluminescence, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is shown that the ion irradiation-induced defects significantly affect the optoelectronic properties of MoS2. We also observed the p-doping of ML-MoS2, which is attributed to the introduction of F− ions and the electron transfer from MoS2 to O2 at defect adsorption sites. This study reveals that 2D materials could be effectively doped or compensated using irradiation technology, potentially fabricating novel 2D electrical devices through defect engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine factors, healthcare utilization, and medical costs associated with potentially inappropriate use of benzodiazepines in persons living with HIV (PLWH). We used big data from Medicare claims in 2017. Potentially inappropriate use of benzodiazepines was defined as having any benzodiazepine claims in individuals 65+ years or having benzodiazepine claims for more than four weeks in individuals 18–64 years. Logistic regressions, zero-inflated negative binomial regressions, and generalized linear models were used. This study included 1,211 PLWH and 235 (19.41%) had potentially inappropriate use of benzodiazepines. PLWH who were 65+ years (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.96), non-Hispanic blacks (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.41), or Hispanics (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.88) were less likely to use benzodiazepines inappropriately. PLWH who had potentially inappropriate use of benzodiazepines had more inpatient (IRR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.94), outpatient (IRR: 1.14; 95% CI 1.02, 1.28), and emergency room (IRR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.68) visits. Potentially inappropriate use of benzodiazepines was associated with higher total (β: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.25), Medicare (β: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.28), and out-of-pocket (β: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.36) costs. This study provides real-world evidence to support deprescribing benzodiazepines in PLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer remains a global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Immunomodulation and immunotherapy have emerged as promising strategies for breast cancer treatment. Engineered exosomes are the sort of exosomes modified with surface decoration and internal therapeutic molecules. Through suitable modifications, engineered exosomes exhibit the capability to overcome the limitations associated with traditional therapeutic approaches. This ability opens up novel avenues for the development of more effective, personalized, and minimally invasive interventions. Main body: In this comprehensive review, we explore the molecular insights and therapeutic potential of engineered exosomes in breast cancer. We discuss the strategies employed for exosome engineering and delve into their molecular mechanisms in reshaping the immune microenvironment of breast cancer. Conclusions: By elucidating the contribution of engineered exosomes to breast cancer immunomodulation, this review underscores the transformative potential of this emerging field for improving breast cancer therapy. Highlights: Surface modification of exosomes can improve the targeting specificity.The engineered exosome‐loaded immunomodulatory cargo regulates the tumour immune microenvironment.Engineered exosomes are involved in the immune regulation of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on stochastic resonance (SR) which is used to extract weak signals from noisy backgrounds is of great theoretical significance and promising application. To address the shortcomings of the classical tristable SR model, this article proposes a novel compound multistable stochastic resonance (NCMSR) model by combining the Woods–Saxon (WS) and tristable models. The influence of the parameters of the NCMSR systems on the output response performance is studied under different α stable noises. Meanwhile, the adaptive synchronization optimization algorithm based on the proposed model is employed to achieve periodic and non-periodic signal identifications in α stable noise environments. The results show that the proposed system model outperforms the tristable system in terms of detection performance. Finally, the NCMSR model is applied to 2D image processing, which achieves great noise reduction and image recovery effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 7-year-old boy was misdiagnosed as having contact dermatitis due to itching and redness of the eyelids. Later, with the assistance of a slit lamp, active pubic lice on the eyelid margin were discovered. Microorganisms and insect eggs were mechanically removed, and itching and redness symptoms complete disappeared after 1 week. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2024;61(2)e13–e15.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]