1. The Production Effect in Long-List Recall: In No Particular Order?
- Author
-
Lambert, Angela M., Bodner, Glen E., and Taikh, Alexander
- Subjects
- *
ANALYSIS of variance , *MEMORY , *RECOGNITION (Psychology) , *STATISTICAL sampling , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
The production effect reflects a memory advantage for words read aloud versus silently. We investigated how production influences free recall of a single long list of words. In each of 4 experiments, a production effect occurred in a mixed-list group but not across pure-list groups. When compared to the pure-list groups, the mixed-list effects typically reflected a cost to silent words rather than a benefit to aloud words. This cost persisted when participants had to perform a generation or imagery task for the silent items, ruling out a lazy reading explanation. This recall pattern challenges both distinctiveness and strength accounts, but is consistent with an item-order account. By this account, the aloud words in a mixed list disrupt the encoding of item-order information for the silent words, thus impairing silent word recall. However, item-order measures and a forced-choice order test did not provide much evidence that recall was guided by retrieval of item-order information. We discuss our pattern of results in light of another recent study of the effects of production on long-list recall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF