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Background: At the beginning of the COVID‑19 pandemic in Germany, there was great uncertainty among the population and among those responsible for crisis communication. A substantial part of the communication from experts and the responsible authorities took place on social media, especially on Twitter. The positive, negative, and neutral sentiments (emotions) conveyed there during crisis communication have not yet been comparatively studied for Germany., Study Aim: Sentiments in Twitter messages from various (health) authorities and independent experts on COVID‑19 will be evaluated for the first pandemic year (1 January 2020 to 15 January 2021) to provide a knowledge base for improving future crisis communication., Material and Methods: From n = 39 Twitter actors (21 authorities and 18 experts), n = 8251 tweets were included in the analysis. The sentiment analysis was done using the so-called lexicon approach, a method within the social media analytics framework to detect sentiments. Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine, among other things, the average polarity of sentiments and the frequencies of positive and negative words in the three phases of the pandemic., Results and Discussion: The development of emotionality in COVID‑19 tweets and the number of new infections in Germany run roughly parallel. The analysis shows that the polarity of sentiments is negative on average for both groups of actors. Experts tweet significantly more negatively about COVID‑19 than authorities during the study period. Authorities communicate close to the neutrality line in the second phase, that is, neither distinctly positive nor negative., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

A school district's need to satisfy the school community's expectations for current, accurate information and manage a social media presence has increased the necessity for superintendents to employ public relations professionals. As such, these professionals are a recent addition to many school districts' administrative teams. However, few research studies were located that focused on public relations professionals or communication directors in public schools. The purpose of this literature review was to identify empirical studies and professional association resources that provided historical, contextual, and relevant information about communication directors in school districts. Based on the findings, we uncovered three themes related to the history, roles and responsibilities, and standards for public relations professionals. Such information can help practitioners support communication functions and help researchers identify needed lines of inquiry.

The Chilean health authorities have implemented a sanitary strategy known as dynamic quarantine or strategic quarantine to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Under this system, lockdowns were established, lifted, or prolonged according to the weekly health authorities' assessment of municipalities' epidemiological situation. The public announcements about the confinement situation of municipalities country-wide are made typically on Tuesdays or Wednesdays before noon, have received extensive media coverage, and generated sharp stock market fluctuations. Municipalities are the smallest administrative division in Chile, with each city broken down typically into several municipalities. We analyze social media behavior in response to the confinement situation of the population at the municipal level. The dynamic quarantine scheme offers a unique opportunity for our analysis, given that municipalities display a high degree of heterogeneity, both in size and in the socioeconomic status of their population. We exploit the variability over time in municipalities' confinement situations, resulting from the dynamic quarantine strategy, and the cross-sectional variability in their socioeconomic characteristics to evaluate the impact of these characteristics on social sentiment. Using event study and panel data methods, we find that proxies for social sentiment based on Twitter queries are negatively related (more pessimistic) to increases in the number of confined people, but with a statistically significant effect concentrated on people from the wealthiest cohorts of the population. For indicators of social sentiment based on Google Trends, we found that search intensity during the periods surrounding government announcements is positively related to increases in the total number of confined people. Still, this effect does not seem to be dependent on the segments of the population affected by the quarantine. Furthermore, we show that the observed heterogeneity in sentiment mirrors heterogeneity in stock market reactions to government announcements. We provide evidence that the observed stock market behavior around quarantine announcements can be explained by the number of people from the wealthiest segments of the population entering or exiting lockdown., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

The rapid growth of social media popularity and consequently social media marketing is creating a challenge in terms of the appropriate teaching strategy. Advances in technology are racing ahead of clear terminology. The definitions of Public Relations (PR) and Advertising are being widened to encompass more digital activities and this turf war is causing confusion within the industry, the academic world, and the classroom. This article addresses the need for more research on teaching social media marketing from a strategic perspective based on Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) objectives. It explores the use of the Paid/Owned/Earned Media (POEM) framework as a form of engaged pedagogy and part of the Active Blended Learning framework. Adopting a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, 40 student applications of the POEM framework were analyzed, and the results indicate that it enables students to identify activities within an integrated campaign and their impact on the customer journey. These results were supported by a qualitative analysis of the views of three experienced educators in this field. It is proposed that the application of classifications, such as Paid, Owned, and Earned media, are more useful when teaching social media marketing within IMC than the classifications of Advertising and PR.

The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a multicultural competency training model for digital publicists. It is research and development which the researchers have divided the research process into 3 steps. Step 1: Developing a multicultural competency training model for digital publicists. Step 2: Evaluating the suitability of the developed multicultural competency training model for digital publicists. Lastly, step 3: Adapting a multicultural competency training model to developed digital publicists. Furthermore, the study found that the multicultural competence of digital publicists consisted of 4 competencies: 1) Digital Engagement Competency, 2) Dissemination Competency, 3) Facilitation Competency, and 4) Consulting Competency. Moreover, the results of the developed multicultural competency training model adaptation for digital publicists can be divided the assessment into 3 areas including, 1) Knowledge: the sample group has higher scores after training, 2) Skill: the sample group has the overall multicultural digital public relations skills at an excellent level, and 3) Attitude: overall, the sample group has a superb attitude.

This article has two main objectives. 1. To open a new concept to scientific views by presenting it to the field. 2. To show how the digi-slave creation process can work with the Use of Psycho-Semiotic Language; causing someone to develop a particular attitude in the desired direction and changing the existing one, in other words, changing the existing point of view, giving a new perspective, hence a new thought formation management and concluding it in the desired direction should be added to these. Although not by this name, it is one of the methods used in public relations. What are the tools for Psycho-Semiotic Language Use? What is the Psycho-Semiotic Language Usage Parser? Which disciplines does it take advantage of? In conclusion in this article which focuses on these issues, it is possible to manipulate the target and captures its mind through the Psycho-Semiotic Language use. This article introduces the Psycho-Semiotic Language Use, which is a new concept and definition based on Ronald Barthes's 'narrative strategy', and deals with the misuse of this language. Mind manipulation can also be achieved through narrative strategies formed through psychological analysis. In the psychological analysis, the effect of digital environments and the issue of raising awareness and taking measures in response to the process leading to become digi-slave are dwelled on. Wishing you to take this into consideration, the subject of the article has been written as a subject that is still being studied and developed.

Social media, no stranger to health care environments, is increasingly used by patients, families, clinicians, and institutions to interact and engage in new ways. The ethical challenges related to the use of social media in the clinical setting are familiar, yet come with a novel twist, including the possibility of having a conflict "go viral". Health care clinicians and institutions must understand and embrace these technologies, while at the same time promoting policies and practices that ensure the ethically appropriate use of social media and address strategies for preventing and responding to a social media crisis., (Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.)

Audience analysis is essential for creating successful messages across communication fields. The audience persona is an effective tool for understanding the characteristics and needs of a target audience. Through this unit activity, students experience the process of persona development, build skills in data collection and analysis, and gain in-depth understanding of a specific audience in preparation for subsequent messaging assignments. Courses: Strategic Communication, Public Relations, Content Marketing, Advertising, Public Speaking, Mass Communication, Social Media Communication, Mass Communication Research Methods. Objectives: Through this unit activity, students will be able to (1) apply the principles of audience persona development, (2) build skills in data collection and analysis, and (3) gain in-depth understanding of a core audience group as the basis for crafting effective messages.

Drawing on a specific case of the El-Hawwar Sporting Club, located in El-Mansoura, Egypt, the primary intent of this study was to identify variables and key factors that contribute to an effective sport marketing promotional mix, used to enhance visibility and consumption of products and services of the sport organization. A total of 100 participants completed a questionnaire with questions using a 3-point Likert scale including demographic information to determine the effectiveness of a promotional mix to increase the service consumption of the HSC Sporting Club. The findings confirm the extraordinary value of a well-chosen promotional mix to increase the visibility and profitability of the touted goods and services. Participants provided several practical recommendations that include a call on today's sport marketers to invest sufficient time and resources in conducting a thorough market and consumer behavior analysis as a foundation for an effective promotional mix. This study found the use of promotion mixes in Egyptian clubs is still at its infancy and there is a dire need for more research on the topic in the future.

In recent years, social media has provided higher education institutions with new means of communication with their target groups. In this study, research was conducted on top public universities from four countries in Central Europe, with a focus on their Public Relations activities on Facebook. The purpose of this research is to explore the use of Facebook by selected universities and to provide a set of practical benchmarks on successful communication with the public. The quantitative data analysis was conducted using the data mining tool Netvizz. Data from 2017 and 2018 obtained from 31 Facebook profiles of selected universities were used. The findings provide evidence on the use of Facebook by universities for Public Relations. Furthermore, they reveal that different post features generate different customer behaviour. The study contributes to a better understanding of marketing-related activities on social media in higher education field.

This article addresses the current situation regarding the reputation of higher education organisations (HEOs) within the setting of social networking sites (SNSs). First, the recent literature contained in the Web of Science database will be deconstructed, in order to explain the key concepts as well as the relationship that exists between corporate reputation, engagement and SNSs. Second, the basis for management of reputation on SNSs will be analysed in terms of strategic communication. Finally, the article will include the implications for HEOs' management of reputation through social media. The essence of this work is that the use of SNSs does not necessarily contribute to the construction of positive reputation if this is not coupled with a focus on strategic communication, which carries with it the necessary levels of engagement with all stakeholders and in all institutional dimensions, in order to fulfil certain concrete objectives. HEOs can make use of various SNSs to build reputation if they assume the management of engagement levels with all stakeholders (not only students) and in each of their established areas. An institution's level of success on SNSs will depend on its ability to obtain the necessary level of engagement, according to each institution's particular attributes and in each specific case.

The continuing technological development of the advertising and public relations (PR) industry and increasing transfer of marketing expenditures from traditional channels to emerging digital media have placed a heavy burden on advertising and PR education. While it is not clear how educators are responding to the digital challenge, this study provides a complete picture of advertising and PR digital media education in the United States. Through a content analysis of curricula from 99 universities with advertising and PR programs, we found that nearly one-quarter (23.5%; n = 1,128) of advertising and PR major courses taught digital media and that digital media education placed greater emphasis on skills courses. Furthermore, the advertising and PR discipline was still based on mass communication, journalism, and marketing rather than computer-related fields. It is hoped that this article will shed some light on the digitalization of future advertising and PR education.

Social media have affected daily activities, communication practices, and business practices throughout society. Social media are more frequently embraced in higher education as well. One indication of this growth is the fact that more than half of all teaching faculty use social media at least monthly for professional reasons, with professors in professions and applied sciences being at the forefront of the use. Interviews with more than 20 industry professionals representing nonprofits, corporations, and subject matter experts provide insights into key considerations for social media education. Future social media education should provide not only academic training but also industry expertise.

Journalism schools are under pressure to look beyond traditional teaching methods to prepare students for the post-Internet, rapidly evolving news landscape. Heutagogy is a net-centric teaching method in which learners are highly autonomous and self-determined. In this article, Participatory Action Research theory was applied within a heutagogical framework to the redevelopment of a social media course for journalism students at AUT University, New Zealand. The findings form the basis of recommendations across the wider journalism curriculum, and there are also implications for other areas of communication studies, public relations, and online or broadcast media.

Reviews of editorial practices and academic studies have shown that journalists often rely on organization websites--and online newsrooms in particular--to inform news stories. Yet, at a time when many academics are called upon as experts by the media, university newsrooms have been ignored. To fill this gap, this study assesses newsrooms of universities to determine whether they are providing adequate resources to cover the institution or identify experts. Previous research demonstrated higher ranked Fortune 500 companies have more comprehensive newsrooms, potentially putting them at an advantage when it comes to news coverage. To better understand whether disparities exist among the top US institutions, this study features a content analysis of the newsrooms of the top 202 universities ranked by "U.S. News & World Report." Findings show that although higher ranked universities typically feature more comprehensive newsrooms, universities at all levels are missing opportunities to provide journalists with information necessary to cover the university, thus limiting visibility to outside stakeholders. The most common features were internally written news stories and links to social media. Resources specifically for journalists were less common. Assessing newsrooms is valuable because they influence media coverage, which can improve credibility and perceived external prestige.

Radiation, radiation detection and radiation protection are topics in physics and its applications which generate a wide interest in the public. This interest is either generated through medical procedures, applications of nuclear energy or nuclear accidents. The technical nature of these topics usually means that they are not well covered in the normal education stream, opening many opportunities to engage with schools and the general public to showcase the latest developments and their applications. The detection of radiation is at the very heart of understanding radiation, its fascination and associated fears. The outreach group of the nuclear physics group at the University of Glasgow demonstrates a number of successful outreach activities centred around radiation detection and described in this paper, focusing on activities delivered to a variety of audiences and related to applied nuclear physics work within our group. These concentrate on the application of novel sensor technologies for nuclear decommissioning, medical imaging modalities and the monitoring of environmental radioactivity. The paper will provide some necessary background material as well as practical instructions for some of the activities developed.

What does it mean to be and to act like a school leader online? Although many school leaders might be comfortable navigating issues of identity in face-to-face environments, online environments may present new and unprecedented challenges. These challenges may range from concerns about privacy and surveillance to questions about how best to leverage social media for professional or school aims. Accordingly, the present study draws upon interview and tweet data to explore administrators' performance of identity on Twitter. Findings describe how administrators enacted two distinct identities: one relating to instructional leadership and the other relating to school public relations. Administrators were reticent about revealing other, more personal identities. This was seen as a way to maintain and gain followers. Implications for identity research, online professional learning, and public school relations are discussed.

This study employed data mining and quantitative methods to collect and analyze the available histories of primary Twitter accounts of institutions of higher education in the U.S. (n = 2411). The study comprises a sample of 5.7 million tweets, representing 62% of all tweets created by these accounts and the entire population of U.S. colleges and universities. With this large, generalizable dataset, researchers were able to determine that the preponderance of institutional tweets are 1) monologic, 2) disseminate information (vs. eliciting action), 3) link to a relatively limited and insular ecosystem of web resources, and 4) express neutral or positive sentiment. While prior research suggests that social media can serve as a vehicle for institutions to extend their reach and further demonstrate their value to society, this article provides empirical and generalizable evidence to suggest that such innovation, in the context of institutional social media use, is limited.

Although many universities use social media to interact with stakeholders, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Drawing on theories of self-presentation and community engagement, we develop a theoretical model to explain these crucial outcome factors. We then test the model based on secondary data from 159 universities. Our findings reveal the double-edged nature of community size: universities with a strong reputation tend to have more Facebook fans, but having many Facebook fans has detrimental effects on individual fan engagement. Furthermore, the frequency of updates is a crucial factor, as too frequent and too infrequent updates lead to lower levels of fan engagement. We discuss theoretical implications for online communities and derive implications for social media managers.

Courses: Undergraduate or graduate organizational/crisis communication or public relations courses. Objective: The goal for this single class activity is for students to apply discourse of renewal to an organizational crisis fueled through social media.

Current political polarization and competing priorities complicate development of sound education policy. Particularly troubling is the disconnect between research and policy, as decision makers rely more on the work of think tanks and advocacy groups than the knowledge base of the profession. The mismatch between higher education and policy cultures is examined in terms of pace, career cycles, communication styles, information sources, and other factors. Implications for the scholarly community are discussed within a policy process framework with specific examples of effective advocacy. Recommendations include partnerships with strategic allies to gain resources and credibility, use of new communication styles and media, and preparation of leadership personnel for policy engagement.

Increased technology, integration of the global economy, and the shift from investing in long-term employees to hiring temporary contract workers have spawned pervasive employment insecurity. This trend has led to a growing industry of career and marketing professionals, who have found a career niche in helping job seekers create personal brands and apply marketing tactics to their personal identities. This article looks critically at the use of narrative identity development activities in materials used to teach personal branding to emerging adults and some of the challenges personal branders face in marketing an extended self in virtual space.

Just as the advertising and public relations industries are evolving due to the development of new technology and communication tools, so are the demands of education. Through in-depth interviews with 29 executives working in both advertising and public relations agencies in the U.S., this study identifies the core skills and competencies needed to have successful careers in this new media landscape. While writing and presentation skills remain foundational, employers also are seeking math and data analysis skills associated with new jobs in social media listening and analytics. Meanwhile, some advertising executives lack the skills in issues and crisis management associated with online community management. Professionals in both disciplines also bemoan the lack of business literacy among communication majors and support situated learning opportunities to address these deficiencies.

To promote an academic library makerspace, the University of Mississippi Libraries hosted a "3D selfie" booth which used body scanning technology. This booth, advertised on campus and set up outside the library during the first weeks of class, was designed to attract attention and perform outreach through the use of body scans to be printed in the makerspace at a later date. Although the hoped-for printing of "selfies" did not materialize, the project resulted in data about interested patrons and ideas for similar projects going forward. This paper serves as a case study for other academic library makerspaces interested in similar outreach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article highlights key lessons learned while conducting a nurse‐led community‐based HIV prevention trial with youth experiencing homelessness (YEH), focusing on sexually transmitted infections testing and treatment, intervention sessions, community partnerships, and participant recruitment and retention. Design: The insights and experiences shared aim to inform future research and the design of interventions targeting populations at high risk, particularly when facing unanticipated challenges. By addressing these areas, the article contributes to the decision‐making for the design and delivery of effective strategies to improve the health outcomes among marginalized populations. Results: The findings underscore the importance of flexibility and active participant engagement, cultivating strong relationships with community partners, utilizing technology and social media, and fostering a diverse research team that represents the heterogeneity of youth experiencing homelessness across race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and lived experiences. Conclusions: These recommendations aim to enhance participant access, engagement, and retention, while promoting rigorous research and meaningful study outcomes for YEH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police like other public organizations increasingly use social media for external communication. Due to their bureaucratic organization social media poses a communication challenge for them. This study analyses the content of tweets by German police using a three-category framework. Machine-learning based classification tasks are coupled with multilevel modelling to analyse all tweets distributed in 2019. The study demonstrates that police largely use Twitter to distribute information unidirectionally focusing on core tasks, while information gathering, and public relations only play a subordinate role. There is variation between accounts. However, the model only explains parts of it, thus inviting for follow-up research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. In the modern world, the show business industry is central to the cultural and entertainment life of society. Show business is an important mechanism for shaping social stereotypes, influencing mass consciousness, creating trends and defining cultural values. Professional PR has become an integral part of successful activities in the show business industry. It plays a key role in building a positive image of artists, production companies, film companies, music bands and other market participants. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the study is to theoretically analyze modern PR strategies in the show business industry, to study and understand modern approaches to PR communications in this area, taking into account technological, social and economic trends. The methodological basis is the systemic and interdisciplinary approaches, as well as methods of general scientific, terminological, expert, observation and comparison, critical analysis, abstract and logical modeling. Results. The types of PR, the essence and the role of PR strategies in the show business industry are defined. The essence of using social media as a PR tool is revealed. Modern PR strategies in the show business industry are substantiated. Conclusions. The study indicates that factors such as authenticity, consistency and cooperation with influential personalities are of great importance in modern PR strategies. In addition, the effectiveness of PR strategies is also determined by the ability to adapt to changes in society, responding to challenges and trends. There is a need to integrate PR strategies into the overall marketing strategy of companies and artists, which will ensure their consistency and interaction with other types of marketing.

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An increase in the use of social media as the primary news source for the general population has created an ecosystem in which organic conversation commingles with inorganically seeded and amplified narratives, which can include public relations and marketing activity but also covert and malign influence operations. An efficient and easily understandable analysis of such data is important, as it allows relevant stakeholders to protect online communities and free discussion while better identifying activity and content that may violate social media platform terms of service. To accomplish this, we propose a method of large-scale social media data analysis, which allows for multilingual conversations to be analyzed in depth across any number of social media platforms simultaneously. Our method uses a text embedding model, i.e., a natural language processing model that holds semantic and contextual understandings of language. The model uses an "understanding" of language to represent posts as coordinates in a high-dimensional space, such that posts with similar meanings are assigned coordinates close together. We then cluster and analyze the posts to identify online topics of conversation existing across multiple social media platforms. We explicitly show how our method can be applied to four different datasets, three consisting of Chinese social media posts related to the Belt and Road Initiative and one relating to the Russia-Ukraine war, and we find politically-influenced conversations that contain misleading information relating to the Chinese government and the Russia-Ukraine war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the use of social media in public administration by applying a public relations approach. Public relations (PR) offer an integrative theoretical and practical strategic framework in the analysis and implementation of communication in public administration, which brings essential contributions to the functioning of democracy. Changes imposed by social media generated new communication practices for governance and public administration services, offering interesting research topics. The present study is substantiated by the conceptual coordinates of modern PR, excellence theory, and its measurement principles. It discusses government PR as a particular area in the field. It reviews the methodology and findings of studies conducted in Romania on the subject of government PR and the use of recent technology in central and local government communication. The research is based on a content analysis investigating the social media PR on three online platforms, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube, for five municipalities in Romania, Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Constanța, Iași, and Timișoara. The study offers a descriptive picture of the current Romanian realities and fosters government social media strategic communication analysis, by exemplifying the use of a methodological investigation framework, based on modern concepts of the field of PR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies of social media use by nonprofit organizations suggest that social media's dialogic potential has not yet been fully realized in this sector. Yet this body of research draws its inferences predominantly from social media trace data; the field is missing more explanatory evidence from the accounts of those nonprofit professionals who manage and coordinate social media for their organizations: What are the motivations and strategies of nonprofit professionals who manage and coordinate social media (social media point persons)? How are these strategies shaped (or not) by the dialogic capabilities of social media? To answer these questions, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 social media point persons. Through grounded theory analysis of these interviews, we find – in contrast to previous research – that social media practices are approached strategically and are underpinned by the five principles of dialogic communication proposed by Kent and Taylor: mutuality, commitment, propinquity, empathy and risk. We also find that nonprofit professionals intend to be reactive moderators in dialogue, with the goal of catalyzing a community of civic discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Cyber PR shows a positive direction with advances in information technology in all fields, one of which is the use of new media using the internet. Currently, the Directorate General of Immigration uses Cyber PR, one of which is Instagram social media, to communicate with the public, one of which is the publication regarding the M-Passport application on Instagram @ditjen_imigration. This research aims to determine the Cyber PR Public Relations activities of the Directorate General of Immigration in the publication of the M-Paspor application via social media Instagram. The theories used in this research are Cyber PR, Publications, and Social Media. This research uses a qualitative approach. The subject of this research is the Directorate General of Immigration using interview, observation and documentation data collection techniques. The conclusion from the research is that the Directorate General of Immigration publishes M-passports using social media, one of which is Instagram. M-pasport content publications are usually posted via the Post, Story and Reels features. The Directorate General of Immigration's Cyber Public Relations Public Relations activities in publishing M-Paspor are quite good by utilizing the many features on Instagram. However, the interaction carried out by the Public Relations Directorate General of Immigration in responding to public responses in the comments column feature on Instagram is still not optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Militaries worldwide have adopted various social media platforms to influence, inform and build relationships with strategic publics. Guided by the organization–public engagement framework, this study conducted a content analysis to examine the Chinese military's social media practices for reaching out to the public. It analyzed the content patterns, message features, targeted publics, and engagement levels on WeChat. This study discovered that the Chinese military mainly used WeChat for information dissemination, promotion, mobilization, and interacting with intended publics (e.g. its internal servicemen). It also found that WeChat articles that used the promotion strategy, emotional appeal, fear appeal, conversational tone, and vividness strategy generated higher levels of public engagement. Theoretical and practical implications were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Multicultural crisis communication in Botswana has become complex due to the country's various ethnicities and cultures. Facebook remains a dominant communication platform, but traditional media is also used to cover organisational exigencies. However, there is a lack of research guiding public relations (PR) practitioners in multicultural crisis communication in Botswana, and this study addresses this gap. Semi-structured interviews with 20 Botswana PR practitioners revealed that they use Facebook to manage crises, but do not engage in online dialogue with the public. Instead, they post status updates and switch to offline cultural communication platforms for face-to-face dialogue. This article proposes and introduces a Botswanafocused model, the Cross Cloverleaf Relationship Model (CCRM), that probably resonates with similar contexts in Sub-Saharan African countries. The model facilitates authentic crisis communication between Facebook and the kgotla system, Botswana's traditional and cultural communication platform. I suggest that multinational companies may find the kgotla system helpful during emergencies in Botswana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding and incorporating patients' perspectives are necessary to address the emerging challenge of chronic disease management. Our study examined patients' perceptions and experiences for the current chronic disease management system in South Korea. Focus group interviews were conducted on 23 patients and 11 themes emerged by qualitative content analysis. The participants experienced in terms of provider-patient interaction: doctors only prescribe medicine, doctors who provide conventional advice, doctors who do not respect the patients' opinion, long wait times and inadequate consultations, lack of personalized care, and freedom to select another doctor. They also experienced in their community and health system: struggling alone, commercial media and folk remedies, lack of IT technologies for care, demanding visiting services, and lack of collaboration in the community. We found that patients needed comprehensive and personalized care, respect from providers, and self-management support and collaborated care with the community using information technologies advancement. Our findings suggest that a fundamental change in the South Korean healthcare system paradigm is required for successful chronic care, including payment and healthcare delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]